KSLU Solved Question Papers
Business Statistics
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 3
2023 Mar Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 3 Business Statistics 2023 Mar Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 21 October 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2023 Mar examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2023 Mar examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2023 Mar examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 80 · 20 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
(a)What are the different sources of data collection ? Explain all the primary methods.[10]
Answer
For full marks, cover: the two sources of data (primary and secondary) and how they differ; the census and sample approaches to collecting primary data; each primary method in turn (direct personal interview, indirect oral interview, local correspondents, mailed questionnaire, schedules through enumerators, and the newer telephone, online and observation methods), with how it works, an example and its strength and weakness; and how to choose.
The sources of data
All statistical data come from one of two sources.
- Primary sources. The investigator collects the data afresh, directly from the persons or units concerned, for the present enquiry. The data are original.
- Secondary sources. The investigator uses data already collected by someone else, such as government reports, journals or company records.
Primary data fit the enquiry exactly but cost more time and money. Secondary data are cheap and quick, but must be checked before use. The question asks for the primary methods in detail.
Census or sample
Before choosing a method, the investigator decides how many units to cover. Under the census method every unit of the population is studied, as in a population census. Under the sample method only a representative part is studied, and the result is applied to the whole. A sample saves cost and time and is used in most business enquiries. Any of the methods below can be used with either approach.
The primary methods
1. Direct personal interview. The investigator meets each informant face to face and records the answers personally. A researcher studying the earnings of auto-rickshaw drivers in one town might interview each driver at the stands.
- Strength: accurate and detailed answers, checked on the spot.
- Weakness: slow and costly, so it suits only a small, local field. The investigator's bias may creep in.
2. Indirect oral interview. The persons concerned are not asked. Instead, people who know the facts are questioned: neighbours, officials or experts. It is used where the persons concerned would hide the truth, as in a study of gambling or debt.
- Strength: covers a wide field and draws on informed opinion.
- Weakness: the answers are only as reliable as the witnesses, who may be biased or mistaken.
3. Information through local correspondents. Agents placed in different areas send reports at regular intervals from their own observation. Newspapers and some departments gather crop and market reports this way.
- Strength: cheap, quick and continuous over a wide area.
- Weakness: the reports are estimates coloured by each correspondent's judgment.
4. Mailed questionnaire. A printed list of questions is posted to the informants, with a covering letter, to be filled in and returned.
- Strength: the cheapest way to reach a widely scattered group of educated people.
- Weakness: many forms are never returned, and some are returned half filled. It fails where informants cannot read.
5. Schedules filled by enumerators. Trained enumerators carry a list of questions (a schedule) to each informant, ask the questions, explain them where needed, and write down the answers. Large official surveys use this method.
- Strength: complete and reliable answers, even from people who cannot read.
- Weakness: expensive, and it depends on the training and honesty of the enumerators.
6. Telephone and online surveys. Informants are questioned by telephone, or answer a form on a website or mobile application. Market research firms use these widely today.
- Strength: very fast and cheap, with answers recorded directly in a computer.
- Weakness: they reach only people with a telephone or internet access, so the sample may not represent everyone.
7. Observation. The investigator watches and counts, without asking questions. Counting the vehicles passing a junction each hour, or the customers entering a shop, is observation.
- Strength: free from the informant's memory or bias.
- Weakness: it records only what can be seen, not opinions or reasons.
A comparison of the methods
| Method | Cost | Coverage | Accuracy | Needs literate informants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct personal interview | high | small area | high | no |
| Indirect oral interview | moderate | wide | depends on witnesses | no |
| Local correspondents | low | wide | rough | no |
| Mailed questionnaire | lowest | very wide | depends on replies | yes |
| Schedules by enumerators | high | very wide | high | no |
| Method | Cost | Coverage | Accuracy | Needs literate informants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telephone and online | low | wide | depends on who is reached | partly |
| Observation | moderate | limited | high for what is seen | no |
Choosing the method
The right method depends on the purpose and scope of the enquiry and the accuracy it needs. The time and money available matter too, as do the literacy and co-operation of the informants. A small, intensive study suits personal interview. A large survey of people who cannot read needs enumerators. A quick opinion poll suits telephone or online methods.
Conclusion. Data come from primary sources, collected afresh for the enquiry, or secondary sources, already collected by others. Primary data may be collected by census or sample. The methods are direct personal interview, indirect oral interview, local correspondents and mailed questionnaires. They also include schedules through enumerators, telephone and online surveys, and observation. Each trades cost against coverage and accuracy, so the method must suit the enquiry.
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