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Home / KSLU / Solved Papers / B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) / Sem 2 / Economic Development in India / 2023 Mar / Solutions

B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 2 Economic Development in India 2023 Mar Question Paper with Solutions

KSLU Solved Question Papers

Economic Development in India

Previous Year Question Paper with Solution

B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 2

2023 Mar Examination

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Mumbai

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First published on munotes.in on 21 October 2026.

Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.

Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.

Passages from this volume may be quoted, in print, online or by an AI system, with credit: name munotes.in and link to this volume's page. The volume may not be reproduced as a whole. Full terms at munotes.in/content-license.

munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University. It is not affiliated with Karnataka State Law University, and is not endorsed by it.

The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.

The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2023 Mar examination.

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Contents

The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2023 Mar examination, in the order it was set.

MarksPage

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MarksPage

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The Paper as Set

The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2023 Mar examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.

Duration 3 hours  ·  Total marks 80  ·  20 questions answered

Instructions printed on the paper

  • N.B. (1) Answer all five Units. (2) One essay type question and short note/problem is compulsory from each Unit. (3) Answer any five questions from group (a), each question carries 10 marks. (4) Answer any five questions from group (b), each question carries 6 marks. (5) Figures to the right indicate marks. (6) Answers should be written either in English or Kannada completely.

How to use this volume

Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.

Read the original question paper

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Q1

Unit I

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(a)Explain the role of industries in Indian Economy.[10]

Answer

For full marks, cover: what "industry" covers and its present share in output and jobs; its role in the economy, point by point (growth, employment, absorbing surplus farm labour, capital formation, technology, exports, linkages with agriculture and services, self-reliance and defence, infrastructure, regional development, urbanisation, revenue); recent policy (Make in India, PLI); its weaknesses; and a conclusion.

Meaning and present share

Industry here means the secondary sector: manufacturing, mining, construction, and electricity, gas and water supply. Of these, manufacturing is the core.

In 2025-26 the secondary sector produced about 26 per cent of India's gross value added at current prices (June 2026 estimates). Manufacturing alone produced about 15 per cent (National Statistics Office). In 2025 manufacturing employed about 12.1 per cent of workers and construction about 12.0 per cent (Periodic Labour Force Survey).

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Industry in India's development strategy

At Independence India had only a small industrial base. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 stressed a steady rise in production. The Resolution of 1956 gave the State the lead in basic and heavy industry. The Second Five-Year Plan then built steel plants, machine tools and power capacity. For four decades industry grew behind licences and import controls. The reforms of 1991 ended most licensing and opened industry to competition and foreign investment. Since 2014 policy has focused on raising manufacturing through Make in India and incentive schemes.

Why manufacturing matters especially

Manufacturing has three features that make it central to development. First, productivity in factories is far higher than on small farms, so moving workers into it raises national income. Second, factory goods can be traded across the world, so a country's market is not limited by home demand. Third, manufacturing spreads skills and technology to suppliers and workers. East Asian economies such as Japan, Korea and China grew rich largely by expanding manufacturing.

Role of industries

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  1. Engine of growth. Industry usually grows faster than agriculture because it can use more capital and technology. Manufacturing was a major driver of growth in the first years of the new 2022-23 national accounts series (MoSPI).
  2. Employment. Factories, mines and building sites give work to crores of people. Construction is one of the largest employers of workers who leave farming.
  3. Absorbing surplus labour from agriculture. About 43 per cent of workers are still in agriculture, many of them underemployed. Development depends on industry and services drawing these workers into more productive jobs.
  4. Capital formation. Industry invests heavily in plants and machinery. Its profits are reinvested, and it raises the economy's rate of capital formation.
  5. Technology and productivity. New technology enters the economy mainly through industry. Better machines, skills and management raise output per worker.
  6. Exports. Engineering goods, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, textiles, gems and jewellery and electronics are major exports. Merchandise exports reached USD 441.8 billion in 2025-26 (Ministry of Commerce).
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  1. Links with agriculture. Industry supplies fertilisers, pesticides, pumps, tractors and power to farmers. It also buys farm produce, such as cotton, sugarcane and oilseeds, for processing.
  2. Links with services. Industry creates demand for transport, trade, banking, insurance and IT services.
  3. Self-reliance and defence. Steel, machinery, chemicals and defence production reduce dependence on imports in times of crisis.
  4. Infrastructure. Cement, steel and power industries make it possible to build roads, railways, ports and housing.
  5. Regional development and urbanisation. Industrial towns grow around plants and mines. They bring roads, schools and services to new areas.
  6. Revenue for the Government. Industry pays a large part of corporate tax and GST, which finance public spending on welfare and infrastructure.

Recent policy

  • Make in India, launched on 25 September 2014, aims to make India a hub of manufacturing, design and innovation.
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  • Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, with an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore for 14 sectors, reward firms that raise output in India. The sectors include mobiles and electronics, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, textiles, solar modules and batteries.

Weaknesses

  1. Manufacturing's share in output has stayed around 15 per cent for long, below that in many East Asian economies.
  2. Many units are small and informal, with low productivity.
  3. Costs of power, land and logistics are high in many areas.
  4. Industry is concentrated in a few States.
  5. Much of the growth has been in capital-intensive industries. They create fewer jobs per rupee invested than labour-intensive industries such as garments, leather and food processing.
  6. Compliance with many laws and inspections raises the cost of doing business, though the four labour codes of November 2025 aim to simplify this.
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Conclusion. Industry drives growth, creates jobs and draws workers from farming into more productive work. It builds capital and technology, earns export income and supports agriculture, services and defence. It also produces about a quarter of India's output, though manufacturing's share remains modest. Policies such as Make in India and PLI aim to raise that share and create the jobs India's young workforce needs.

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The rest of the answers

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