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Special English
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B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 1
2015 Jun Examination
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Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 1 Special English 2015 Jun Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 1 November 2026.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2015 Jun examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2015 Jun examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2015 Jun examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 14 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1What role does liberal education play in learning the law according to Felix Frankfurter ?[16]
Answer
For full marks, cover: what a liberal education is; the setting of Frankfurter's letter; his claim that a competent lawyer must be a cultivated man; liberal education as the foundation, technical study as the building; the two things only a liberal education gives (command of English in writing and speech; habits of clear thinking); the arts as part of it (imagination); wide reading and vicarious experience (understanding people); the order of learning (person first, career later); how each serves the study and practice of law; a table; criticism and an answer to it.
What a liberal education is
A liberal education is a broad education in the humanities, the arts and the sciences. It includes literature, history, philosophy, languages and the arts. The name comes from the old "liberal arts", the studies thought fit for a free person. Its aim is to develop the whole mind, not to train a person for one job. Felix Frankfurter sat on the United States Supreme Court from 1939 to 1962. He made liberal education the centre of his advice on preparing for the law.
The setting of his advice
A twelve-year-old boy from Virginia, Paul Claussen, Jr., wrote to Frankfurter. He wanted to become a lawyer and asked how he could prepare while still in junior high school. Frankfurter's reply is only a paragraph long, yet every line of it is about liberal education. He did not recommend a single law book.
1. The foundation of competence
Frankfurter begins: "No one can be a truly competent lawyer unless he is a cultivated man." A cultivated person is the product of a liberal education. So, in his view, liberal education is not an ornament added to legal training. It is a condition of competence. Without it, a person may know rules but will not be a truly able lawyer.
2. First the foundation, then the building
He advises the boy to "forget about any technical preparation for the law". Technical knowledge means statutes, procedure and legal terms. Frankfurter does not call it useless. He simply puts it in its place. Liberal education is the foundation, and technical law is the building raised on it later, in law school. A building on a weak foundation will not stand.
3. Command of the English language
The first thing liberal education gives, he says, is "the capacity to use the English language on paper and in speech". Learning the law is largely learning to read and write with precision. A student must read long judgments, follow the exact words of statutes and write clear answers and arguments. Later, as a lawyer, he drafts plaints, contracts and opinions, and argues in court. A well-read person has met good writing and absorbed it. That is how he learns to use words exactly.
4. Habits of clear thinking
The second gift is "the habits of clear thinking which only a truly liberal education can give". Note the word "only". Frankfurter believed that clear thinking does not come from memorising rules. It comes from philosophy, history, mathematics and literature, which train the mind to analyse, compare and judge. In law, this means finding the real issue in a mass of facts, seeing the weakness in an argument and reasoning from principle to case.
5. The arts and the imagination
Liberal education, for Frankfurter, includes the arts. He calls the cultivation of the imaginative faculties "no less important" for a lawyer. He names three paths: reading poetry, seeing great paintings, and listening to great music. A student of law needs imagination to understand why a rule exists and what would happen without it. He needs it to picture a dispute from each party's side. Even the original or a good reproduction of a painting will serve, Frankfurter adds.
6. Wide reading and the understanding of people
He urges the boy to stock his mind "with the deposit of much good reading". He also asks him to widen and deepen his feelings by experiencing life vicariously, that is, through others. Novels, biographies and history let a student live many lives. Law is about people: their quarrels, crimes, families and businesses. A student who understands people learns law as a living thing, not a list of rules.
7. The right order of learning
The letter ends: forget about your future career. Liberal education must come first and must be valued for its own sake. A student who reads only for marks or a job misses its real benefit. Frankfurter wants the person to grow first. The lawyer will grow out of the person.
The role of liberal education at a glance
| What liberal education gives | Frankfurter's words | Its use in learning and practising law |
|---|---|---|
| Cultivation | "a cultivated man" | True competence, not mere technique |
| Command of English | "on paper and in speech" | Reading judgments, drafting, arguing |
| Clear thinking | "only a truly liberal education can give" | Finding issues, reasoning from principle |
| Imagination | "cultivation of the imaginative faculties" | Seeing purposes and each party's side |
| Wide sympathy | experience "vicariously" | Understanding clients, witnesses, society |
Beyond the set text
India's five-year law courses join a degree in arts, commerce or business administration with the study of law. The B.A. LL.B. and B.B.A. LL.B. courses rest on the same belief as Frankfurter's letter. A lawyer is better for studying history, economics, political science and English alongside law.
Criticism and an answer
Some say Frankfurter undervalues technical skill. A client wants a lawyer who knows the law, not one who knows poetry. But Frankfurter was writing to a twelve-year-old. He meant that technical study should come later, not that it does not matter. Others say a liberal education takes time and money. Yet his own path answers this. He was an immigrant boy who rose through education, and he allowed even reproductions of paintings to serve.
Conclusion. For Frankfurter, liberal education is the foundation of learning the law, and technical study comes after it. Only a liberal education gives command of the English language and the habits of clear thinking. Its arts train the imagination, and its wide reading teaches a student to understand people. A lawyer without it may know rules but cannot be truly competent. That is why he told a boy who wanted to be a lawyer to read widely and forget his career.
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