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Special English
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B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 1
2012 Jun Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 1 Special English 2012 Jun Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 1 November 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2012 Jun examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2012 Jun examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2012 Jun examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 80 · 23 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B. (1) Answer all 5 Units compulsorly. (2) One essay type and one short note question from each unit have to be attempted, which is referred as (a) and (b) in all the units. (3) Figures to the right indicate marks.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
Unit I
(a)According to Felix Frankfurter, what is a young man going into law supposed to know ?[12]
Answer
For full marks, cover: the letter and its occasion; the surprise in the answer (not law first); the principle (a cultivated man); what he need not know yet (technical law, his career); what he must know: good books, the English language written and spoken, how to think clearly, poetry, painting and music, human life through others' experience; why a lawyer needs each; knowledge as cultivation, not information; a table; an assessment.
Introduction
Felix Frankfurter (1882 to 1965) was a Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1939 to 1962. A twelve-year-old Virginia boy, Paul Claussen, Jr., wrote to him because he wanted to become a lawyer. He asked how he could start preparing while still in junior high school. Frankfurter's short reply says what a young man going into law should know. The answer surprises most readers. It is hardly about law at all.
The principle behind the answer
The letter opens: "No one can be a truly competent lawyer unless he is a cultivated man." This sentence decides what the young man should know. A cultivated man is one whose mind, imagination and feelings have been trained by long contact with the best books and art. So the knowledge Frankfurter expects is the knowledge of a cultivated person, not of a legal technician.
What he need not know yet
Technical law. "If I were you, I would forget about any technical preparation for the law." A schoolboy need not know legal rules, procedure or Latin maxims. These will come in law school.
His future career. The letter ends by telling the boy to "forget about your future career". He need not know where he will practise or how he will succeed. Planning a career too early narrows the mind.
What he must know
1. Good books. "The best way to prepare for the law is to be a well-read person." The young man must know books, and know them well. Frankfurter gives no reading list. His point is breadth: the reader should "stock" his mind "with the deposit of much good reading". A deposit is something that settles and stays. Reading of this kind becomes part of the man.
2. The English language. Wide reading gives "the capacity to use the English language on paper and in speech". A lawyer must know his language thoroughly. He drafts documents in which a single word can change the result. He argues before judges who weigh every phrase. He must know how to write exactly and to speak persuasively.
3. How to think clearly. Reading also gives "the habits of clear thinking which only a truly liberal education can give". This is knowledge of a special kind. It is knowing how to reason. A clear thinker can separate the important from the trivial and see the weak point in an argument. He can move from a principle to a conclusion without a false step.
4. Poetry, painting and music. Frankfurter calls the cultivation of the imaginative faculties "no less important". The young man should know poetry, great paintings, in the original or in easily available reproductions, and great music. These teach him to see and feel what lies below the surface. A lawyer needs such imagination to picture how events happened, how a judge may react, or how a document may be misread.
5. Human life, through others. Lastly, he should "widen and deepen" his feelings by experiencing "vicariously" the wonderful mysteries of the universe. No one can live every kind of life. But through books and art one can share many. A lawyer meets people in every kind of trouble. He must know something of how they think and feel.
What he must know at a glance
| What to know | Frankfurter's words | Why a lawyer needs it |
|---|---|---|
| Not yet: technical law | "forget about any technical preparation" | It belongs to law school |
| Not yet: his career | "forget about your future career" | Early planning narrows the mind |
| Good books | "a well-read person" | Breadth of mind |
| What to know | Frankfurter's words | Why a lawyer needs it |
|---|---|---|
| English | "on paper and in speech" | Drafting and advocacy |
| Clear thinking | "habits of clear thinking" | Reasoning and analysis |
| The arts | Poetry, paintings, music | Imagination |
| Human life | Experience gained "vicariously" | Understanding people |
Knowledge as cultivation
Frankfurter's idea of knowing is not the same as storing facts. A young man may memorise many facts and still be uncultivated. The knowledge Frankfurter wants changes the person. It shows in how he writes, how he reasons, what he notices and how he feels towards others. That is why he speaks of habits, faculties and feelings, not of subjects and syllabuses.
Assessment
The advice is sound because law covers the whole of human life. Contracts, crimes, families, land and government all come before the courts. A lawyer who knows only legal rules will apply them mechanically. One who knows people, language and ideas will apply them wisely. Some may object that a lawyer must also know the law in detail. That is true, but Frankfurter was writing to a boy of twelve. For him, the knowledge of the cultivated man had to come first, and the knowledge of the specialist later.
Conclusion. According to Frankfurter, a young man going into law is not yet supposed to know technical law or plan his career. He is supposed to know good books, to command the English language in writing and speech, and to think clearly. He should know poetry, painting and music, and understand human life through the experience of others. All this makes him a cultivated man, and only a cultivated man can become a truly competent lawyer.
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