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Special English
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B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 1
2011 Jun Examination
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Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 1 Special English 2011 Jun Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 1 November 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2011 Jun examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2011 Jun examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2011 Jun examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Total marks 70 · 23 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B. (1) Answer all questions compulsorily. (2) Figures to the right indicate marks.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
Unit I
(a)What is the need for "Liberal education" according to Felix Frankfurter ?[9]
Answer
For full marks, cover: what a liberal education is; the occasion of Frankfurter's letter; the need for it, point by point: competence comes from cultivation; technical study cannot do the whole job; command of English; clear thinking ("only a truly liberal education"); imagination; wide sympathy; the person before the career; an objection answered; a table.
What liberal education means
A liberal education is a wide education of the mind and spirit. It draws on literature, history, philosophy, science and the arts. It aims at a free and balanced mind rather than a narrow skill. Felix Frankfurter, who sat on the United States Supreme Court from 1939 to 1962, believed every lawyer needs it. He gave his reasons in a short letter to Paul Claussen, Jr., a twelve-year-old Virginia boy who hoped to study law.
Why it is needed
1. Competence comes from cultivation. Frankfurter's starting point is plain: "No one can be a truly competent lawyer unless he is a cultivated man." A liberal education is what produces a cultivated man. So the need for it is not a matter of taste. It is a condition of being good at the job.
2. Technical training cannot do it alone. He tells the boy to "forget about any technical preparation for the law" for now. Rules and procedure can be learnt later. What cannot be crammed later is the breadth of mind on which those rules must rest. A liberal education lays that foundation early.
3. It gives command of language. The first gift Frankfurter names is "the capacity to use the English language on paper and in speech". Law lives in words. Statutes, contracts, pleadings and judgments are written, and cases are argued aloud. A lawyer who cannot write precisely or speak clearly fails his client, however much law he knows.
4. It gives clear thinking, and nothing else does. The second gift is "the habits of clear thinking which only a truly liberal education can give". The word "only" carries the whole argument. Frankfurter believed that clarity of thought grows from long training in many subjects, not from learning rules by heart. Clear thinking lets a lawyer find the real issue, test an argument and reason to a sound conclusion.
5. It trains the imagination. For a lawyer, he says, the cultivation of the imaginative faculties is "no less important". Poetry, great paintings and great music train it, and even "easily available reproductions" will do. Imagination lets a lawyer picture events he did not see and foresee problems before they arise.
6. It widens sympathy. Frankfurter also wants the reader to widen and deepen his feelings by experiencing much of life "vicariously". Through books, a young person shares the lives of others. A lawyer's clients come from every walk of life, and he must understand them to serve them.
7. It puts the person before the career. The letter ends: "forget about your future career." A liberal education is valued for itself, not as a ladder to a job. Frankfurter thought that a person who grows fully will make a good lawyer in time. One who chases a career too early may become only a technician.
An objection answered
Some argue that a liberal education wastes time a lawyer could spend on law. Frankfurter's answer is that law is not a closed subject. It touches business, families, crime, government and science. A lawyer who knows only law cannot understand the disputes he handles. Breadth is not a detour from legal skill; it is part of it.
The need at a glance
| Need | What liberal education supplies |
|---|---|
| Competence | A "cultivated man" |
| A base for technical law | Breadth of mind before specialisation |
| Language | English "on paper and in speech" |
| Reasoning | "Habits of clear thinking" |
| Imagination | Poetry, paintings, music |
| Need | What liberal education supplies |
|---|---|
| Sympathy | Experience gained "vicariously" |
| Right priorities | Growth of the person before the career |
Conclusion. According to Frankfurter, a lawyer needs a liberal education because competence depends on cultivation. It gives what technical training alone cannot: command of English, habits of clear thinking, imagination and wide sympathy. That is why he told a would-be lawyer of twelve to read widely, enjoy the arts and forget his career for now.
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