KSLU Solved Question Papers
Political Science (International Relations and Organisation)
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 4
2022 Apr Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 4 Political Science (International Relations and Organisation) 2022 Apr Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 21 October 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2022 Apr examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2022 Apr examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2022 Apr examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 80 · 20 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B. (1) Answer all five Units. (2) One essay type question and one short note/problem is compulsory from each Unit. (3) Figures to the right indicate marks. (4) Answer should be written either in English or Kannada completely.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
Unit 1
(a)Explain the merits and demerits of nationalism.[10]
Answer
For full marks, cover: the meaning of nationalism; its merits: freedom from foreign rule and self-determination (Western Sahara), unity and integration, democracy, cultural revival, self-reliant development, patriotism and sacrifice, and sovereign equality as a basis of world order; its demerits: aggression and imperialism, militarism and war, persecution of minorities, intolerance at home, break-up of states, economic nationalism, and obstruction of international co-operation; the civic and ethnic forms; Tagore's warning; a balanced judgment; a conclusion.
Meaning
Nationalism is the sentiment of loyalty to one's nation combined with the political demand that the nation be free, united and self-governing. It has been one of the strongest forces in modern history, for good and for ill.
Merits of nationalism
1. Freedom from foreign rule. Nationalism inspired peoples to throw off empires. India's freedom movement, which ended British rule in 1947, is a great example. The UN General Assembly made the idea a rule in resolution 1514 (1960): "All peoples have the right to self-determination".
The World Court has applied this principle. The case is Western Sahara, an Advisory Opinion of 16 October 1975. The General Assembly asked about the territory's ties with Morocco and Mauritania when Spain colonised it. The International Court of Justice found no tie of territorial sovereignty that could affect "the principle of self-determination through the free and genuine expression of the will of the peoples of the Territory". The opinion bears on this question because it shows the central merit of nationalism, a people's right to decide its own future, recognised as law.
2. Unity and integration. Nationalism binds people of different regions, castes, languages and religions into one community with a common purpose. After 1947, a shared national feeling helped India bring the princely states into one Union.
3. Democracy. Since the nation, not a king, is sovereign, nationalism supports government by the consent of the people.
4. Cultural revival. Nationalist movements revive national languages, literature, art and history, and give a people pride in its heritage.
5. Self-reliant development. National pride encourages efforts to build industry, science and education so that the nation depends less on others.
6. Patriotism and sacrifice. Love of the nation inspires citizens to work, serve and, if necessary, defend their country.
7. A basis of world order. The UN itself is "based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members" (art. 2(1)). Free nations, each secure in its identity, are the units of international co-operation.
Demerits of nationalism
1. Aggression and imperialism. When a nation believes it is superior, it may claim a right to rule others. Imperial expansion in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was often justified in this way.
2. Militarism and war. Aggressive nationalism glorifies armies and conquest. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany are the clearest cases, and their policies led to the Second World War.
3. Persecution of minorities. If the nation is defined by one race, language or religion, those outside it may be treated as aliens or enemies.
4. Intolerance at home. Critics of the government may be branded disloyal, and democracy and free speech suffer.
5. Break-up of states. The demand that every nationality have its own state can tear multinational states apart, often violently. Yugoslavia broke up in 1991 and 1992 amid conflict.
6. Economic nationalism. High tariffs and self-sufficiency policies, as in the 1930s, shrink trade and harm all countries.
7. Obstruction of international co-operation. Nationalist governments resist international law and organisations. In the 1930s Japan, Germany and Italy left the League of Nations.
Two forms of nationalism
Scholars following Hans Kohn distinguish civic nationalism, based on shared citizenship and political values, from ethnic nationalism, based on descent, language or religion. Most of the merits belong to civic nationalism, and most of the demerits to aggressive ethnic nationalism.
A warning from Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore, in his lectures on Nationalism (1917), warned against making the nation an object of worship. He loved India but feared a nationalism that put power and profit above humanity. His warning reminds us that love of one's own country must not become hatred of others.
A balanced judgment
Nationalism is neither wholly good nor wholly bad. It freed colonies and built nations, but it also caused wars and persecution. Its value depends on whether it respects the rights of other nations and of minorities. India's Constitution expresses the healthy form: it builds one nation of many groups and directs the State to "maintain just and honourable relations between nations" (art. 51).
Conclusion. The merits of nationalism are freedom and self-determination, which Western Sahara recognises. It also brings unity, democracy, cultural revival, self-reliance, patriotism and a basis for a world of equal states. Its demerits are aggression, imperialism, militarism, persecution of minorities, intolerance, the break-up of states, economic nationalism and resistance to co-operation. Civic nationalism that respects others is a force for good; aggressive ethnic nationalism is a danger to peace.
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