DU Solved Question Papers
Business Organisation and Management
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.Com. (Programme) · Sem 1
Dec 2025 Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.Com. (Programme) Sem 1 Business Organisation and Management Dec 2025 Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 26 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
Passages from this volume may be quoted, in print, online or by an AI system, with credit: name munotes.in and link to this volume's page. The volume may not be reproduced as a whole. Full terms at munotes.in/content-license.
munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of University of Delhi. It is not affiliated with University of Delhi, and is not endorsed by it.
The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by University of Delhi at the Dec 2025 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as University of Delhi set it at the Dec 2025 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Dec 2025 examination, reproduced as University of Delhi set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 90 · 21 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
a and b, OR c and d · 18 Marks
(a)Explain the concept of 'Brick and Mortar' business. Explain advantages and disadvantages of this business format.[9]
Answer
For full marks, cover: the meaning of a brick and mortar business; where it sits among the three business formats (brick and mortar, click, brick and click); its main features; at least six advantages; at least six disadvantages; how such firms are responding to online competition; a conclusion.
Meaning
A brick and mortar business is one that sells its goods or services from a physical place. The customer walks into a shop, an office, a showroom or a branch. The name comes from the bricks and cement that physical buildings are made of.
Examples are a neighbourhood kirana store, a bank branch, a restaurant, a salon, a cinema hall and a furniture showroom. In all of them the buyer and the seller meet face to face, and the goods change hands on the spot.
The three business formats
The DU syllabus places this format next to two others. The difference lies in where the customer meets the business.
| Format | Where the sale happens | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Brick and mortar | Only in a physical outlet | A local sweet shop |
| Click (pure online) | Only on a website or app | An online-only fashion store |
| Brick and click | In outlets and online, linked together | A retail chain that also sells through its app |
Features of a brick and mortar business
- A fixed physical location. The business has a shop, office or factory outlet that customers visit.
- Face-to-face dealing. Sales staff meet buyers in person, answer questions and close the sale.
- Physical stock. Goods are kept on shelves or in a back room, ready to hand over.
- Local market. Most customers come from the area around the outlet.
- Fixed working hours. The outlet opens and closes at set times.
Advantages
- Touch and trial. The customer can see, touch, try on or taste the product before buying. This matters for clothes, shoes, furniture and food.
- Instant possession. The buyer takes the goods home at once. There is no waiting for delivery.
- Personal service and trust. A known shopkeeper builds a lasting relationship. Many customers trust a shop they can walk back into.
- Easy returns and after-sales service. A faulty item can be taken back to the counter the same day.
- Cash and local payment habits. Customers who prefer cash or credit on account ("udhaar") are served easily.
- Impulse buying. Displays at the counter lead customers to buy more than they planned.
- Lower risk of fraud in payment. Online payment frauds and fake websites do not arise in a face-to-face sale.
- Local employment. Each outlet employs staff from the area.
Disadvantages
- High fixed costs. Rent, electricity, interiors, security and salaries must be paid even when sales are low.
- Limited reach. The outlet serves only people who can travel to it. Expanding means opening new outlets, which costs a great deal.
- Limited hours. The shop sells only when it is open, unlike a website that sells all day and night.
- Limited range. Shelf space is limited, so the outlet cannot stock every size, colour or brand.
- Higher prices. The fixed costs are added to the price, so online sellers can often undercut the shop.
- Dependence on location. A shop in the wrong place, or a road closed for repairs, can lose most of its customers.
- Less customer data. The owner rarely knows who bought what, so targeted offers are hard to make.
- Exposure to online competition. Customers now visit the shop to see a product and then buy it online at a lower price. This is called "showrooming".
How brick and mortar firms are responding
Many outlets now add an online layer and become brick and click businesses. They list products on their own app and accept digital payments such as UPI. They offer home delivery from the store. They also let customers order online and collect the goods in the store. Small kirana stores join delivery apps and government networks such as the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC). The physical outlet then works as a showroom, a pick-up point and a service centre.
Conclusion. A brick and mortar business sells from a physical outlet, and its strength is the personal touch: trial, instant possession, trust and easy service. Its weakness is cost and reach, since rent, staff and location limit it to a local market. For products that buyers must see and feel, the format remains strong. Most such firms now survive best by adding an online channel to their physical presence.
The rest of the answers
The rest of the answers come with the DU B.Com. (Programme) Semester 1 solved papers.
You have read the question paper and its first answer in full. Buy the solved papers once and you can read every answer of every solved paper in this semester.
Solved papers: ₹499 Already bought it? Sign in
The question paper itself stays open to everyone.
Found an error in this volume? Report it and we will check it against the paper.