Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Statistical Techniques in Geography Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Module 1: Statistical Methods- I

• 1 Scatter Diagram (scatter plot)
• 2 Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation (Calculation of correlation)
• 3 Spearman’s Rank Correlation (Calculation of correlation)
• 4 Regression Analysis – Linear Regression (Regression equation calculation)

Module 2: Statistical Methods- II

• 1 Time Series
• 2 Measures of Variability: - Quartile Variability, and Relative Variability.
• 3 Skewness:- Karl Pearson’s Method of Co-efficient of Skewness.
• 4 Skewness:- Bowley’s Method of Co-efficient of Skewness.

Module 3: Hypothesis Testing

• 1 Meaning and importance of hypothesis testing in geographical research
• 2 Chi-square test
• 3 T-Test
• 4 F-Test

Module 4: Statistical Techniques and Use of Computer

• 1 Use of Computer (SPSS or Excel or PSPP Software) – Graphs and diagrams
• 2 Use of Computer (SPSS or Excel or PSPP Software) –Measures of Central Tendency
• 3 Use of Computer (SPSS or Excel or PSPP Software) – Dispersion and Deviation
• 4 Use of Computer (SPSS or Excel or PSPP Software) Moving averages – three and five years / Time Series Analysis

Text Books

• Karlekar, S. N. and Kale, M., 2006. Statistical Analysis of Geographical Data, Diamond Publication, Pune.
• Statistical Methods in Geography – by Peter A. Rogett (Good for fundamental statistical concepts)
• Statistical Techniques in Geographical Studies – by S. Gregory (Classic reference for quantitative geography)
• Quantitative Techniques in Geography – by P.S. Tiwari (Indian context examples)
• Statistical Methods – by S.P. Gupta (For step-by-step numerical problems)
• Singh R. L., 2005. Elements of Practical Geography. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 2.

Reference Books

• Alvi, Z. (2014). Statistical Geography Methods and Applications. Rawat Publications
• Matthews, J. A. (2013). Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual. Elsevier
• Monkhouse F.J. - Maps & Diagrams, Methuen and Co., London, 1971 (3rd Edition, Revised).
• NCERT - Textbook for Class-12, Practical Work in Geography Part II
• Peter A. Rogerson - Statistical Methods for Geography, Sege Publishers -2001 Robinson A.H. - Elements of Cartography, Wiley
• Rogerson, P. A. (2019). Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student’s Guide. SAGE Publications. United Kingdom
• Sarkar Ashis - Practical Geography, Orient Black Swan 2015 Sarkar Ashis Quantitative Geography, Orient Black Swan 2013
• Singh R.L. & Singh P. B. - Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers 2005 Stoddard Robert Field techniques and research methods in geography, Geography faculty publication http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geographyfacpub/26
• Yeates, M. (1974). An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography. McGraw- Hill. Software / Practical Tools
• MS Excel – Basic statistical calculations
• SPSS – Correlation , regression, Advanced statistical analysis
• PSPP – Software, Advanced statistical analysis
• R Software – Advanced statistical analysis