Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Principles of Climatology I Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Syllabus for Principles of Climatology - I

Major · Geography · Semester 5 · TY BA · 4 credits · 100 marks · 60 hours

Part of this reading list is printed in Devanagari, which the University's own PDF does not release as reliable text. Those entries are not set here; they are in the document above, as she printed them.

Module 1: Introduction to Climatology

1 Definition,nature and scope of Climatology
2 Difference between Weather and Climate
3 Elements of Weather and Climate
4 Atmosphere -Structure and Layers

Module 2: Solar Energy and Temperature

1 Insolation:concept, factors affecting distribution
2 Heat Budget of the Earth
3 Temperature - concept, factors affecting distribution
4 Inversion of Temperature, Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature.

Module 3: Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

1 Air Pressure - concept, distribution of pressure belts.
2 Shifting of pressure belts.
3 Wind - types, and distribution.
4 Tricellular model and Jet Strem:

Module 4: Humidity and Precipitation

1 Evaporation and Condensation
2 Types of Humidity
3 Clouds: formation and classification.
4 Precipitation: concept, forms and types.

Text Books

Climatology by D.S. Lal
General Climatology by H.J. Critchfield (2003)
An Introduction to Climate by G.T. Trewartha
Climatology (4th Edition) by Robert V. Rohli and Anthony J. Vega.
Siddhartha, K. (2014) Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; Kisalaya Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Reference Books

Chandrasekar, A. (2010): Basics of Atmospheric Science; PHI Learning Private Limited.
Critchfield, H.J. (2011) General Climatology, Phi Publication.
Fredrick, K.L and Edward J.T: Atmosphere; Prentice-hall of India PVT, New Delhi.
Miller, A. and R.A. Anthes (1980) Meteorology, Columbus Publication: Ohio.
Barry, R. G. & Chorley, R. J. – Atmosphere, Weather and Climate.
Ayoade, J.O. (2004). Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibedan.
Barry, R.G. and Chorley, R.J. (1971). Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Methuen publication, London.
Critchfield, H.J. (1993). General Climatology. Prentice Hall, India, New Delhi. 4. Lal, D.S. (1986). Climatology. Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad.
Koeppe, C.E. and Delong, G.C. (1958). Weather and Climate. McGraw Hill Publication, New York.
Miller, A. (1959). Climatology. Methuen publication, London.
Singh, S. (2011). Climatology. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
Trewartha, G.T. (1954). Introduction to Climate. McGraw Hill Publication, New York.

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