B.E. (Chemical Engineering) IKS II Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

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The University has moved this degree onto NEP 2020 one year at a time. The first, second and third years are on NEP 2020; the final year is still on the REV-2019 'C' Scheme, which is what the University sets for it this year.

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Syllabus for IKS -II

Semester 5 · Third Year BE Chemical

Module 1: Town Planning and Governance, Vastu shastra – The science of Architecture

1.1 Development of ancient text, principles, Terminologies, Indic languages, various typologies, social infrastructure- places for gathering, worship, entertainment, cremation etc. Perspective of Arthaśāstra on town planning. 1.2 Governance systems and Principles of Town Planning: Principles of land management, local and global trade routes and trade centres; the establishment and decay of urban settlements. Ancient India urbanization, layouts in terms of geometry, population, geography, and various communities. Evolution of the cities, planning principles in urban centres. interconnection between ancient knowledge of town planning and present planning practices. 1.3 Eight limbs of Vastu, Ancient literature and archaeological evidence of building and building materials, Fortification and Forts. 1.4 Structural Principles in worship places Architecture. marvelous stone architecture for eternity, Iconography Use of bricks or dressed stone based on logical principals of structural engineering.

Module 2: Irrigation planning, transport systems and Astronomy

2.1 Irrigation and water management. Ancient irrigation systems, dams, reservoirs, sluices, canals, embankments, wells, water-lifting devices, etc. from a historical point of view. Irrigation systems and practices in South India 2.2 Ancient transport systems during various periods : Indus valley, Buddhist period, Mauryan period, Gupta period, etc. Shipbuilding: Indigenous shipbuilding, materials and methods-Use of local materials: teak, bamboo, coir, and lac- Construction techniques: -Innovations in hull design, masts, and rigging. 2.3 Indian Astronomy: Planetary System. Motion of the Planets; Velocity of Light; Eclipse. Astronomy. Navagrahas. Important works in Indian Astronomy. Aryabhata and Nilakantha: Contribution to Astronomical Studies

Module 3: Traditional Chemical Processes and Industrial Advancements

3.1 Overview of ancient Indian scientific texts related to chemicals, Arthashastra – mining techniques and metallurgy, 3.2 Charaka Samhita – pharmaceutical preparations and fermentation, Sushruta Samhita – preparation of alkali and mineral medicines, traditional chemical operations and processes such as manual metal extraction methods and herbal extraction techniques, small-scale batch production methods, 3.3 production of natural alkali from plant ash, comparison of traditional metallurgy with modern metallurgical processes, herbal extraction with solvent extraction and chromatography, natural alkali production with chlor- alkali industry, batch processing with continuous processing.

Module 4: Rasashastra – Ancient Indian Chemical Science and Classical Apparatus

4.1 Introduction, scope of rasashastra in traditional Indian alchemy and medicine, development of rasashastra, contributions of Nagarjuna in metallurgical and alchemical practices, role of mercury (Parada) and metals in classical medicinal formulations, 4.2 Various apparatus used in rasashastra such as Dolayantra (boiling and heating setup), Patana Yantra (distillation apparatus), Puta (system for controlled heating), Musha (crucible) used for melting and calcination, Khalva Yantra (grinding and mixing of materials), rasashastra processes such as Shodhana (purification), Marana (calcination), Jarana (roasting) and Bhavana (levigation). 4.3 Comparison of Dolayantra with modern jacketed reactors, Patana Yantra with distillation columns, Marana process with rotary kiln or muffle furnace, mercury purification methods with modern hydrometallurgical refining techniques.

Module 5: Indigenous Metal and Metal Processing Techniques

5.1 Early Metals in India Use of copper, bronze, gold, silver, tin, and lead in Harappan and Vedic periods. Indigenous mining, ore beneficiation, furnace designs, and smelting practices. 5.2 Landmark Indian Metallurgical Achievements Wootz Steel: crucible steelmaking, carbon control, carbide banding, global influence as Damascus steel. Zawar Zinc Distillation: world’s earliest large-scale zinc production; downward distillation furnaces. Chola Bronze Metallurgy: alloy design (Cu–Sn–Pb), precision lost-wax casting for sculptures. Aranmula Metal Mirror: high-tin bronze polishing technology with mirror-grade reflectivity. Konark Temple Iron Beams & Clamps: structural iron demonstrating marine corrosion resistance. 5.3 Scientific Insights Behind Traditional Metallurgy Delhi Iron Pillar: natural formation of a passive protective layer; high‑phosphorus wrought iron. Microstructure evolution through traditional forming and heat-treatment cycles. Traditional Indian blacksmiths (Lohar, Vishwakarma, Asari, Kammalar communities)

Module 6: Development of Transmission in India

6.1 Transmission in Early Indian Civilizations Indus Valley Civilization: evidence of wheel technology, carts, pottery wheels, and early bearing surfaces. Use of pulleys, levers, and inclined planes in construction and material handling. 6.2 Traditional gear and motion Conversion systems Sugarcane crushers, oil ghanis, temple clocks, and granaries

Textbooks

1 Pride of India: A Glimpse into India’s Scientific Heritage, Samskrita Bharati, New Delhi.
2 Mahadevan, B., Bhat Vinayak Rajat, Nagendra Pavana R.N. (2022), “Introduction to Indian Knowledge System: Concepts and Applications”, PHI Learning Private Ltd. Delhi.
3 Kak, S.C. (1987). “On Astronomy in Ancient India”, Indian Journal of History of Science, 22(3), pp. 205–221.
4 Bag, A.K. (1997). History of Technology in India, Vol. I, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi.
5 Acarya, P.K. (1996). Indian Architecture, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi.
6 Banerjea, P. (1916). Public Administration in Ancient India, Macmillan, London.
7 Gagan Bansal, Indian Knowledge System: Integrating Heritage with Engineering
8 Prafulla Chandra Ray, A History of Hindu Chemistry –
9 R. Balasubramaniam – Wootz Steel: An Advanced Material of the Ancient World
10 K.T.M. Hegde – Indian Archaeometallurgy
11 T.R. Anantharaman – The Rustless Wonder: The Iron Pillar of Delhi
12 AICTE – IKS Division Publications
1 Kapoor Kapil, Singh Avadhesh (2021). “Indian Knowledge Systems Vol – I & II”, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, H.P.
2 Subbarayappa, B.V. and Sarma, K.V. (1985). Indian Astronomy: A Source Book, Nehru Centre, Mumbai.
3 R.T.V. Ramachandra – History of Indian Metallurgy
4 A. Ghosh - Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology
5 Research papers on Zawar zinc distillation, Chola bronzes, and Aranmula mirror metallurgy.
1 https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/e-learning/preview/imb23_mg54
2 https://iksindia.org
3 https://iks.iitk.ac.in

Reproduced from the University of Mumbai syllabus for B.E. (Chemical Engineering) under NEP 2020, in force from the academic year 2026-27. Wording is as printed in that syllabus. Module numbering is as printed there too.

The complete syllabus

This subject is cut from the University circular for its year. Open a document here if you want the whole thing rather than a single subject.

PDF Revised Syllabus for B.E. (Chemical Engineering), Semester I & II - the whole circular NEP 2020 syllabus, in force from 2024-25 Read full PDF Read

PDF Revised Syllabus for B.E. (Chemical Engineering), Semester III & IV - the whole circular NEP 2020 syllabus, in force from 2025-26 Read full PDF Read

PDF B.E. (Chemical Engineering), Semester V & VI - the whole circular NEP 2020 syllabus, in force from 2026-27 Read full PDF Read

PDF Revised Syllabus for B.E. Final Year Chemical Engineering, Semester VII & VIII - the whole circular REV-2019 'C' Scheme syllabus, in force from 2022-23 Read full PDF Read

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