Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Principles of Oceanography II Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Module 1: Sea Waves and Tides

• 1 Waves: - concept, Characteristics, types
• 2 Tsunami: - Meaning, Characteristics, Causes, Impacts
• 3 Tides: - causes, types and effects
• 4 Theories of Tides: -Equilibrium theory, Progressive and Stationary wave theory

Module 2: Ocean Currents

• 1 Ocean Currents: -Types, Causes and Importance of Ocean Currents
• 2 Currents of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
• 3 Currents of the Indian Ocean
• 4 El Nino and La Nina - Concept and Impact.

Module 3: Ocean Deposits & Resources

• 1 Sources of Ocean deposits and its importance
• 2 Types of Ocean deposits
• 3 Marine Resources: Mineral and Energy
• 4 Marine Resources: Food and Fresh water

Module 4: Applied Oceanography

• 1 Marine Pollution.
• 2 Sea level change: Evidences, Mechanism & Impact of sea level change
• 3 Oceans and World Geopolitics
• 4 Marine Challenges and Management with reference to India.

Text Books

• 1 Introduction to Oceanography – Paul Webb
• 2 Introduction to Physical Oceanography – Robert H. Stewart
• 3 An Introduction to the World’s Oceans – Sverdrup, Johnson & Fleming
• 4 Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science – Tom S. Garrison
• 5 Essentials of Oceanography – Alan P. Trujillo & Harold V. Thurman
• 6 Oceanography – Subhah Mehtani & Amarjit Sinha

Reference Books

• 1 Introduction to Physical Oceanography – Robert H. Stewart
• 2 Essentials of Oceanography – Alan P. Trujillo & Harold V. Thurman
• 3 Invitation to Oceanography – Paul R. Pinet
• 4 Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction – George L. Pickard & William J. Emery
• 5 Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science – Tom S. Garrison
• 6 The Oceans – Ellen R. M. Prager & Sylvia A. Earle
• 7 Marine Geology – James P. Kennett
• 8 Ocean Circulation and Climate – Gerold Siedler, John A. Church & John Gould
• 9 Introduction to Marine Biology – George Karleskint, Richard Turner & James Small
• 10 Fundamentals of Physical Oceanography – Lynn Talley, George Pickard, William Emery & James Swift