Family Law I Notes | LL.B. (Three Years) Semester 1 | SPPU | munotes

Contents

Module 01 Introduction to Hindu and Muslim Law

1. The Sources and the Schools of Hindu Law 1
2. The Hindu Marriage Act: Application, and Who is a Hindu 7
3. Who Muslim Law Applies To, and Who Decides 13
4. Why a Legal System Needs Sources at All 18
5. The Quran 21
6. The Sunna 25
7. Ijma, the Consensus of the Jurists 28
8. Qiyas, Analogical Deduction 32
9. Custom and Usage 36
10. Judicial Precedent, Legislation, and Equity 40
11. Why Muslim Law Divides Into Schools 44
12. The Hanafi School 48
13. The Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali Schools 51
14. The Shia Schools 55

Module 02 Marriage and Matrimonial Reliefs under Hindu law

1. The Evolution of Marriage and the Family 58
2. Religious Ritual and the Rules of Marriage 63
3. Conditions, Ceremonies and Registration of a Hindu Marriage 68
4. Child Marriage, and the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006 74
5. Void and Voidable Marriages, and the Legitimacy of Their Children 81
6. Bigamy and the Punishments the Act Imposes 87
7. Divorce: the Grounds under Section 13 93
8. Divorce by Mutual Consent, Alternate Relief and Remarriage 101
9. Restitution of Conjugal Rights and Judicial Separation 108
10. Jurisdiction, Procedure and Appeals 114
11. The Family Courts Act: Object, Establishment and Judges 123
12. The Jurisdiction of a Family Court 128
13. Procedure, Settlement, Evidence and the Right to a Lawyer 133
14. Judgment, Appeal, and the Administration of Gender Justice 140

Module 03 Marriage and Matrimonial Reliefs under Muslim law

1. Marriage Under Muslim Law: Contract or Sacrament 146
2. Valid, Void and Irregular Marriages 152
3. The Essential Requisites of a Valid Muslim Marriage 156
4. Capacity to Marry, and the Prohibited Relationships 161
5. Muta, the Marriage for a Fixed Term 166
6. Mehr: What It Is and Why the Law Insists On It 170
7. The Classification of Mehr 174
8. The Wife's Remedies for Unpaid Dower 178
9. What Follows From a Void or an Irregular Marriage 184
10. The Option of Puberty 188
11. The Ways a Muslim Marriage Can End 192
12. Dissolution by the Death of a Spouse 196
13. Talaq, and Why Muslim Law Permits Divorce 200
14. Who May Pronounce Talaq, and When It Takes Effect 204
15. Oral Talaq and Talaq in Writing 209
16. Talaq al Sunna: Ahsan and Hasan 213
17. Talaq al Biddat, the Triple Pronouncement 217
18. Shayara Bano v. Union of India 222
19. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 227
20. Talaq e Tafwid, the Delegated Divorce 232
21. Khula 237
22. Mubarat 242
23. Ila, the Vow of Abstinence 245
24. Zihar, the Injurious Comparison 249
25. Lian, the False Charge of Adultery 253
26. Judicial Dissolution Before the Act of 1939 257
27. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939: The Nine Grounds 261
28. Apostasy, Notice to the Husband, and the Rest of the 1939 Act 267
29. What Follows a Dissolution 272
30. Iddat 276
31. Halala 281

Module 04 Marriage and Matrimonial Reliefs among Parsis, Christians and under the Special Marriage Act, 1954

1. Parsi Personal Law and the Act of 1936 285
2. Parsi Marriage: Requisites and Registration 290
3. Offences and Irregularities Under the Parsi Act 296
4. The Parsi Matrimonial Courts and the Delegates 301
5. Nullity and Dissolution of a Parsi Marriage 306
6. The Grounds for Divorce Under the Parsi Act 310
7. Judicial Separation and Restitution of Conjugal Rights Under the Parsi Act 317
8. Custody of Children, and Remarriage, Under the Parsi Act 322
9. Christian Personal Law and the Act of 1872 327
10. Who May Solemnize a Christian Marriage 333
11. Time, Place, Notice and the Certificate 338
12. Registration of a Christian Marriage 346
13. Marriage By or Before a Marriage Registrar 352
14. Marriages Between Indian Christians 361
15. Penalties and the Remaining Provisions of the 1872 Act 369
16. The Divorce Act 1869: Scheme and Jurisdiction 378
17. Dissolution of a Christian Marriage 386
18. Divorce by Mutual Consent, and Why Section 10A Had to Be Inserted 395
19. Nullity of a Christian Marriage 402
20. Judicial Separation and Restitution of Conjugal Rights 409
21. Protection Orders 417
22. Custody of Children, and Remarriage 425
23. Court Procedure and the Remaining Provisions 433
24. The Special Marriage Act: Scheme and Conditions 442
25. Notice, Objection and Solemnisation 447
26. Registration of Marriages Celebrated in Other Forms 454
27. The Effect on the Joint Family and on Succession 459
28. Nullity and Divorce under the Special Marriage Act 464
29. Restrictions on Petitions, Jurisdiction and Procedure 472
30. Penalties, Rules and Savings 479
31. The Foreign Marriage Act, 1969: Sections 1 to 16 484
32. The Foreign Marriage Act, 1969: Sections 17 to 30 490
33. Maitri Sambandh, Live-in Relationships and the Divided Home 497
34. LGBT Rights in India: NALSA, Navtej and the Transgender Persons Act 503

Module 05 Alimony and Maintenance

1. Maintenance Pendente Lite, Permanent Alimony, Custody and Property 513
2. Maintenance of Wife, Children and Aged Parents 520
3. The Amount of Maintenance, and the Dependants 526
4. Maintenance: The General Principles 532
5. Who Is Entitled to Maintenance Under Muslim Law 536
6. Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum 540
7. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 544
8. Danial Latifi v. Union of India 551
9. Maintenance: The Law As It Stands Now 555
10. Alimony, Maintenance and Property Under the Parsi Act 560
11. Alimony and Settlements 566
12. Maintenance From a Magistrate: Section 144 of the Sanhita 575
13. What Domestic Violence Is, and Who May Complain 581
14. The Machinery: Protection Officers, Service Providers and Shelter 588
15. Proceedings before the Magistrate 595
16. The Five Orders the Magistrate Can Pass 600
17. Enforcement, Offences and Appeal 607
18. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act: the Claim 614
19. Transfer of Property, Abandonment and the Rest of the Senior Citizens Act 623

Module 06 Law on Adoption and Guardianship

1. The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act: Scope and Definitions 631
2. The Requisites of a Valid Adoption 636
3. The Effects of an Adoption 643
4. Adoption by Persons of Other Religions: the Juvenile Justice Act and the CARA Regulations 649
5. Inter-Country Adoption in India 656
6. Adoption with a Foreign Element 662
7. The Hague Intercountry Adoption Convention, 1993 667
8. The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act: Natural and Testamentary Guardians 674
9. The Powers of a Natural Guardian, and the De Facto Guardian 682
10. The Guardians and Wards Act: Appointment of a Guardian 690
11. The Duties, Rights and Liabilities of a Guardian 702
12. Termination of Guardianship, Procedure and Appeal 711
13. Guardianship: What It Is and What Kinds There Are 720
14. Guardianship of the Person, and Hizanat 725
15. Guardianship of Property, and the De Facto Guardian 731
16. Disqualification, Removal and Discharge of a Guardian 738
17. Which Court, and What Can Be Appealed 744
18. Custody, Maintenance and Education of Children 748