English Notes | B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Semester 5 | SPPU | munotes

Contents

Module 01 Language and Meaning

1. What Is Language? Its Definition and Nature 1
2. Language and Law 5
3. Characteristics of Legal Language 14
4. Bilingual Competence: Working in Two Languages 22
5. The Concept of Meaning 26
6. Lexical Relations: Synonymy, Antonymy, Hyponymy, Homophones and Homographs, and Polysemy 29
7. Homophones 33
8. Words Often Confused 41

Module 02 Grammar and Usage

1. Grammar: the Sentence and Its Parts 46
2. Common Errors in English 50
3. Verbs and Tenses 55
4. Articles: A, An and The 60
5. Prepositions and Their Usage 67
6. Transformation of Sentences: Simple, Compound and Complex 73
7. Active and Passive Voice 81
8. Making Questions: Yes or No Questions, Wh-Questions and Indirect Questions 85
9. Question Tags, and the Do As Directed Question 89
10. Reported Speech 93
11. Syntactic Ambiguity: When One Sentence Has Two Meanings 97

Module 03 Vocabulary Skills

1. Vocabulary for a Law Student 100
2. Idiomatic Expressions: What They Are, and How to Use Them in Sentences 107
3. Idioms: All and Sundry to Every Now and Then 111
4. Idioms: Fair and Square to Make Both Ends Meet 115
5. Idioms: Move Heaven and Earth to Yeoman's Service 119
6. Law, Custom and Justice 123
7. Right, Duty, Wrong and Remedy 130
8. Fact, Person, Offence and State 138
9. Plaint, Complaint, Suit and Affidavit 146
10. Judgment, Appeal, Review, Revision and Reference 154
11. Writ, Stay Order, Injunction and Adjournment 163
12. Cause of Action, Issue, Charge and Bail 172
13. Ex Parte, Discharge, Acquittal and Conviction 181
14. Legal Heirs, Legal Representative and Power of Attorney 188
15. International Law, Arbitration, Jurisdiction and Amicus Curiae 196
16. Foreign Terminology in Law: Latin, French and Other Borrowed Terms 204
17. Legal Maxims: the First Eight 208
18. Legal Maxims: the Remaining Seven 217

Module 04 Legal Translation

1. Legal Translation: Meaning, Nature and Scope 226
2. Principles of Translation 230
3. The Languages of Indian Law: The Constitution, the Courts and Translation 234
4. English and Marathi in the Indian Legal System 244
5. Using Bilingual Legal Vocabulary: English and Marathi 249
6. Translating Legal Texts and Decided Cases 252
7. Translating Legal Texts Between English and Marathi 257

Module 05 Writing Skills

1. Written Communication and Its Types 260
2. Paragraph Writing 264
3. Precis Writing: the Method 274
4. Precis Writing: Worked Examples 278
5. Summary Writing 284
6. Effective Letter Writing 291
7. The Letter of Complaint and Other Official Letters 294
8. The Letter of Application, and the Resume 298
9. Email Correspondence 301
10. Essay Writing 305
11. Notices: the Public Notice and the Legal Notice 310
12. Meetings: Notice, Agenda and Minutes 315