International Relations Notes | B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Semester 4 | SPPU | munotes

Contents

Module 01 Introducing International Relations

1. What International Relations Is: Meaning, Definitions and Nature 1
2. The Evolution of the Study of IR, I: Before There Was a Discipline 9
3. The Peace of Westphalia, 1648 17
4. The Westphalian Nation-State System 23
5. The Evolution of the Study of IR, II: 1919 and the Idealist Project 29
6. The Evolution of the Study of IR, IV: The Behavioural Revolution, the Later Debates and IR in India 36
7. Bipolarity, 1949 to 1991: The Cold War World 42
8. Multipolarity, 2001 to the Present 48
9. IR as an Academic Discipline 53
10. Why the Study of IR Matters, Not Least to a Law Student 60
11. Actors in IR, and Why the Sovereign State Comes First 67
12. The Shift in the State-Centric System: The Emergence of Non-State Actors 73
13. The Classification of Non-State Actors 78
14. International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) 83
15. The Rise of Violent Non-State Actors as a Threat to World Peace 88

Module 02 Approaches to the Study of International Relations

1. Idealism, Liberalism and Neoliberalism: The Liberal School of International Relations 93
2. The Evolution of the Study of IR, III: Carr, Morgenthau and the Realist Turn 97
3. National Power: Meaning and Definition 106
4. The Elements of National Power 112
5. Balance of Power: Meaning, Principles, Observations and Methods 119
6. The Limitations of National Power 123
7. National Interest: Meaning, Need, Importance and Limitations 132
8. Neorealism: Waltz, Mearsheimer and the Structure of the International System 135
9. Polarity in IR: What It Means 138
10. The Marxist Approach to International Relations 143
11. John Rawls's Law of Peoples: A Theory of Global Justice 146

Module 03 Peace and Conflict Studies

1. International Peace and Security: Meaning and Significance 149
2. Collective Security: Meaning, Features, Implications and Limitations 152
3. UN Peacekeeping Operations: Origins and Principles 156
4. War: Meaning, Causes, Functions, Effects and Cures 161
5. The Arms Race: Meaning, Causes and Examples 166
6. Disarmament: Meaning, Need, Importance and Kinds 169
7. Disarmament: The Attempts, and Its Limitations 172
8. The Nuclear Doctrine of India 175
9. Dispute Redressal in IR: Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 178
10. Negotiation 185
11. Mediation and Good Offices 191
12. Conciliation and Enquiry 196
13. Arbitration 201
14. Judicial Settlement 207
15. Chapter VI of the UN Charter 212
16. Chapter VII of the UN Charter: Coercive Methods of Settlement 218

Module 04 Foreign Policy and Diplomacy

1. Foreign Policy: Meaning, Scope, Importance, Determinants and Instruments 223
2. Diplomacy: The Official Medium of Inter-State Communication 227
3. The Kinds of Diplomacy, and Why Diplomacy Matters 236
4. Public Diplomacy 239
5. Track II Diplomacy 244
6. Para-Diplomacy 249
7. The Multinational Company and Its Home and Host States 254
8. Multinational Companies: Their Role in and Impact on Foreign Policy and Diplomacy 260
9. Case Study: The United Fruit Company and the Banana Republic 263
10. Case Study: Royal Dutch Shell 268
11. The Determinants of India's Foreign Policy 274
12. The Principle of Non-Intervention, and Panchsheel 277
13. Non-Alignment and the Non-Aligned Movement: Importance, Factors, Basis and Achievements 285

Module 05 United Nations

1. The League of Nations: Origin, Achievements and Failure 288
2. The United Nations Organisation: Its Formation 294
3. The Objectives, Purposes and Principles of the UN 300
4. The Principle of Sovereign Equality 305
5. The Principal Organs of the UN 310
6. The General Assembly: Composition, Functions and Evaluation 314
7. The Security Council: Composition, Functions and Evaluation 320
8. The P-5 Veto as an Obstacle to the Security Council 325
9. The Uniting for Peace Resolution 330
10. The Security Council as Global Enforcement Agency 335
11. The Secretariat and the Secretary-General: Composition, Functions and Evaluation 339
12. The Economic and Social Council: Composition, Functions and Evaluation 344
13. The Trusteeship Council: Composition, Functions and Evaluation 349
14. The International Court of Justice as a Principal Organ: Evaluation 354
15. The ICJ: Composition, Functions and Jurisdiction 359
16. The Specialised Agencies: Functions and Role 365
17. UNESCO 370
18. UNICEF 375
19. The International Labour Organization 379
20. The World Health Organization 384
21. The Food and Agriculture Organization 389
22. The International Atomic Energy Agency 393
23. The United Nations: Achievements and Evolution 396
24. Reform of the Security Council 401

Module 06 Regional Organizations

1. Intergovernmental Organisations: Features and Role 405
2. Regional Organisations and Groupings 410
3. Regional Organisations: Causes of Growth, Aims, Merits and Limitations 414
4. The European Union 417
5. Other Regional Organisations: the OAS, the OAU and African Union, and the Commonwealth 424
6. ASEAN 428
7. SAARC 432
8. BIMSTEC 436
9. IBSA: India, Brazil and South Africa 440
10. BRICS 443