Penal Laws Notes | LL.M. Semester 1 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I

1. What Penal Laws Means on This Paper 1
2. From the Indian Penal Code to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 5
3. How to Read an IPC Case Under the New Numbering 10
4. The Plan of the Sanhita 14
5. Extent, Application and Extra-Territorial Reach 18
6. The General Explanations 23
7. Punishments, and the New Community Service 28
8. General Exceptions in Outline 33
9. The Right of Private Defence 38
10. Abetment 43
11. Criminal Conspiracy 49
12. Attempt to Commit Offences 53
13. Rape: What the Sanhita Makes It 57
14. Aggravated Rape, Rape by a Person in Authority, and Gang Rape 62
15. Repeat Offenders and the Victim's Identity 67
16. Assault on a Woman, Sexual Harassment, Voyeurism and Stalking 72
17. Dowry Death and Cruelty by a Husband or His Relatives 77
18. Kidnapping or Abducting a Woman to Compel Marriage 82
19. Causing Miscarriage and Injury to the Unborn Child 85
20. Exposure, Abandonment and Concealment of Birth 90
21. Selling and Buying Children for Prostitution 94
22. Culpable Homicide and Murder 99
23. The Punishments for Homicide 105
24. Death by Negligence and the Hit and Run Clause 110
25. Abetment of Suicide, Attempt to Murder and Attempt to Commit Culpable Homicide 114
26. Organised Crime in the Sanhita 119
27. The Terrorist Act in the Sanhita 124
28. Hurt and Grievous Hurt 130
29. Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement 136
30. Criminal Force and Assault 141
31. Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour 146
32. Waging War Against the Government of India 152
33. The Section That Replaced Sedition 157
34. Other Offences Against the State 162
35. Offences Relating to the Army, Navy and Air Force 166
36. Offences Relating to Elections 170
37. Offences Relating to Coin, Currency-Notes, Bank-Notes and Government Stamps 176
38. Unlawful Assembly and Rioting 181
39. Promoting Enmity Between Different Groups 187
40. Offences By or Relating to Public Servants 192
41. Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants 198
42. False Evidence and Its Fabrication 204
43. Offences Against Public Justice 210
44. Public Nuisance and Offences Affecting Public Health 217
45. Rash and Negligent Acts Endangering Life 223
46. Obscenity 227
47. Keeping a Lottery Office 233
48. Offences Relating to Religion 236
49. Theft 241
50. Extortion, Robbery and Dacoity 246
51. Criminal Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust 251
52. Cheating 256
53. Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property 261
54. Mischief 265
55. Criminal Trespass 270
56. Forgery and False Documents 275
57. Property Marks and Currency Marks 280
58. Criminal Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance 284
59. Defamation 289

Module II

1. What Organised Crime Is 294
2. Why Maharashtra Legislated MCOCA 298
3. The MCOCA Definitions 301
4. The Offence of Organised Crime 306
5. Unaccountable Wealth Held for a Syndicate 310
6. The MCOCA Special Court 313
7. Procedure and Powers of the Special Court 317
8. Interception of Communications Under MCOCA 321
9. Special Rules of Evidence, and Confessions to a Police Officer 327
10. Protection of Witnesses 332
11. Forfeiture and Attachment of Property 336
12. Bail, and the Modified Application of the Code 340
13. The Presumption Under Section 22 345
14. Sanction and Cognizance 349
15. Overriding Effect and the Rest of the Act 353
16. MCOCA in the Supreme Court 357
17. MCOCA and Sanhita Section 111 Side by Side 361
18. Terrorism and the Law Before POTA 365
19. POTA: Enactment, Duration and Repeal 369
20. The POTA Definitions 374
21. The POTA Terrorist Act 378
22. Unauthorised Arms and Enhanced Penalties 383
23. Proceeds of Terrorism 387
24. The Obligation to Furnish Information 393
25. Forfeiture of Property of Certain Persons 397
26. Terrorist Organisations Under POTA 402
27. POTA Special Courts 408
28. Confessions to a Police Officer Under Section 32 415
29. Transfer, Appeal and Transitional Provisions 421
30. Interception of Communication Under POTA 426
31. POTA Procedure, Arrest and Bail 434
32. The Presumption and the Bar of Jurisdiction 441
33. Safeguards, Review Committees and Malicious Prosecution 446
34. The Constitutional Challenge to POTA 452
35. What Happened After POTA Was Repealed 456

Module III

1. What a Cyber Crime Is 462
2. The Information Technology Act and What It Was For 467
3. The Definitions That Decide a Cyber Offence 471
4. The Electronic Record and Signature Scheme 476
5. Attribution, Acknowledgment and Secure Records 481
6. The Controller and the Certifying Authorities 486
7. Electronic Signature Certificates and Subscribers 492
8. The Civil Wrong in Section 43 498
9. Section 43A and Data Protection Today 503
10. The Other Penalties, and Adjudication 507
11. Appeals, and the Tribunal That Was Abolished 513
12. Tampering With Computer Source Documents 519
13. Computer Related Offences Under Section 66 523
14. Section 66A, and Shreya Singhal 527
15. Receiving Stolen Data, Identity Theft and Cheating by Personation 531
16. Violation of Privacy 535
17. Cyber Terrorism 539
18. Obscenity in Electronic Form 543
19. Material Depicting Children in a Sexually Explicit Act 548
20. Preservation and Retention of Information by Intermediaries 552
21. Directions of the Controller 556
22. Interception, Monitoring and Decryption 559
23. Blocking Public Access to Information 563
24. Monitoring Traffic Data for Cyber Security 567
25. Protected Systems, the Nodal Agency and CERT-In 571
26. Misrepresentation, Breach of Confidentiality and False Certificates 576
27. Extra-Territorial Reach, Confiscation and Compounding 581
28. Investigation, Search and Arrest 586
29. Intermediary Liability and Section 79 590
30. Abetment, Attempt and Offences by Companies 596
31. The Remaining Machinery of the Act 600
32. Cyber Offences Outside the IT Act 606

Module IV

1. What a Juvenile Justice Law Is For 610
2. The Three Juvenile Justice Acts 615
3. What the 2000 Act Set Out To Do 620
4. The Juvenile Justice Board of 2000 626
5. Apprehension, Bail and Inquiry Under the 2000 Act 631
6. Orders Under the 2000 Act 637
7. Offences Against Children Under the 2000 Act 644
8. The Child Welfare Committee of 2000 648
9. Rehabilitation Under the 2000 Act 654
10. The Rest of the 2000 Act 660
11. Why the 2000 Act Was Replaced 668
12. The 2015 Act: Extent and Application 674
13. The Definitions of the 2015 Act 678
14. The General Principles 684
15. The Juvenile Justice Board 689
16. Apprehension and the Role of the Police 696
17. Bail of a Child in Conflict With Law 700
18. Inquiry by the Board 705
19. The Preliminary Assessment Into Heinous Offences 710
20. Orders Against a Child Found in Conflict With Law 715
21. The Children's Court 721
22. Joint Proceedings, Disqualification and Pending Cases 726
23. The Child Welfare Committee 731
24. Mandatory Reporting and Surrender 737
25. Orders for a Child in Need of Care and Protection 743
26. Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration 748
27. Institutions Under the 2015 Act 754
28. Adoption Under the 2015 Act 760
29. The Adoption Authorities 767
30. Offences Against Children: Cruelty to Exploitation 772
31. Offences Against Children: Sale to Disability 778
32. Classification of Offences and the Designated Court 784
33. Procedure, Age Determination and Transfer 789
34. Appeals, Revision and the Rest of the Act 796
35. Juvenile Justice in the Supreme Court 802