Intellectual Property Laws Notes | LL.B. (3 years) Semester 6 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I General Principles of Intellectual Property

1. What Intellectual Property Is 1
2. Property in the Intangible 5
3. The Nature and Characteristics of Intellectual Property Rights 9
4. Why the Law Protects Intellectual Property: The Theories 13
5. The Origin and Development of Intellectual Property Rights 17
6. How Intellectual Property Law Developed in India 21
7. The Kinds of Intellectual Property 26
8. Patents in Outline 30
9. Trade Marks in Outline 33
10. Copyright in Outline 36
11. Industrial Designs 38
12. Trade Secrets and Undisclosed Information 43
13. Geographical Indications 48
14. Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits 52
15. The Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights 55
16. Intellectual Property as an Asset 59
17. The Advantages of Intellectual Property Rights 62
18. The Disadvantages of Intellectual Property Rights 64
19. Why Intellectual Property Became International 67
20. The Paris Convention, 1883 70
21. The Paris Convention in Indian Law 75
22. The Berne Convention, 1886 78
23. GATT and the World Trade Organization 83
24. The TRIPS Agreement: Principles and Standards 86
25. The TRIPS Agreement: Enforcement, Disputes and Transition 91
26. TRIPS and India 95
27. The World Intellectual Property Organization 98
28. The Other Treaties India Has Joined, and Those It Has Not 101

Module II Law of Patents [The Indian Patents Act, 1970

1. What a Patent Is, and the Bargain Behind It 104
2. Patent Law in India Before 1970 107
3. The Patents Act, 1970 and How It Is Arranged 110
4. The Amendments, 1999 to 2026 114
5. What an Invention Is 118
6. What Are Not Inventions: Section 3(a) to (c) 121
7. Section 3(d): New Forms of Known Substances and Ever-greening 124
8. The Rest of Section 3: Clauses (e) to (p) 128
9. Atomic Energy, Living Matter and Biotechnology 132
10. Product Patents and Process Patents 135
11. Novelty 138
12. Inventive Step 141
13. Capable of Industrial Application 144
14. Prior Art and Anticipation 146
15. The Person Skilled in the Art and the Test of Obviousness 150
16. Provisional and Complete Specifications 153
17. Claims, Priority Dates and Divisional Applications 156
18. Amending an Application or a Specification 159
19. Pre-Grant Opposition 162
20. Post-Grant Opposition and Wrongful Obtaining 165
21. The Grounds of Opposition Explained 168
22. Who May Apply, and the Application 171
23. Publication and Examination of the Application 174
24. Grant and Sealing of a Patent 177
25. Term, Renewal, Lapse, Restoration and Patents of Addition 181
26. Secrecy Directions and Filing Abroad 185
27. The Rights of a Patentee 189
28. Working of Patents and Compulsory Licences 192
29. Terms of a Compulsory Licence and the Special Licences 198
30. Use and Acquisition of Inventions by the Government 204
31. Surrender of a Patent 210
32. Revocation of a Patent 213
33. Assignment and Transmission of Patents, and the Register 218
34. Licensing of Patents 222
35. Fair Use in Patent Law: Experiments, Bolar and Parallel Imports 227
36. What Infringement of a Patent Is 231
37. Suits for Infringement 236
38. Defences to an Infringement Suit 242
39. Remedies for Infringement 246
40. Patent Agents 253
41. The Patent Office, the Controller and Appeals 257
42. Offences and Penalties Under the Patents Act 261
43. Convention Applications and the PCT Route 265
44. The Rest of the Patents Act 270

Module III Law of Trademarks [The Trade Marks Act, 1999]

1. What a Trade Mark Is 274
2. What a Trade Mark Does, and What Makes a Good One 278
3. How Indian Trade Mark Law Evolved 281
4. The Registry, the Register and Classification 285
5. The Need for Protection of Trade Marks 288
6. Registered and Unregistered Trade Marks 291
7. Conventional and Non-Conventional Trade Marks 295
8. Service Marks 298
9. Collective Marks 301
10. Certification Trade Marks 304
11. Well-Known Trade Marks 308
12. Applying to Register a Trade Mark 313
13. Examination, Acceptance and Advertisement 317
14. Registration, Duration, Renewal and Restoration 320
15. International Registration Under the Madrid Protocol 324
16. Absolute Grounds for Refusal 328
17. Relative Grounds for Refusal and Honest Concurrent Use 332
18. Deceptive Similarity: How Two Marks Are Compared 336
19. Opposition to Registration 341
20. The Rights of the Registered Proprietor and Their Limits 344
21. Assignment and Transmission of Trade Marks 348
22. Licensing, Permitted Use and Registered Users 352
23. Infringement of a Registered Trade Mark 356
24. Passing Off 360
25. Infringement and Passing Off Compared 365
26. Remedies for Infringement and Passing Off 369
27. Defences to Infringement and Passing Off 374
28. Offences, Penalties and False Trade Descriptions 379
29. Rectification, Correction and Removal for Non-Use 384
30. Appeals, and the End of the Appellate Board 390
31. The Rest of the Trade Marks Act 393

Module IV Law of Copyright [The Copyright Act, 1957]

1. The Evolution of Copyright Law in India 397
2. The Copyright Act, 1957: Its Scheme and Its Definitions 400
3. The Nature of Copyright: A Bundle of Rights 405
4. The Scope of Copyright: Idea, Expression and Originality 409
5. The Term of Copyright 414
6. Literary Works, Computer Programmes and Compilations 417
7. Dramatic and Musical Works 421
8. Artistic Works and Works of Architecture 424
9. Sound Recordings and Cinematograph Films 428
10. Neighbouring Rights and the Rights of Broadcasting Organisations 432
11. Performers' Rights 436
12. The Rights of the Producers of Phonograms 441
13. Authorship of Copyright 444
14. Ownership of Copyright: The First Owner and the Exceptions 447
15. Economic Rights 451
16. Moral Rights: The Author's Special Rights 454
17. Assignment and Transmission of Copyright 458
18. Licences: Voluntary, Compulsory and Statutory 463
19. Fair Dealing and the Section 52 Exceptions 468
20. Exceptions for Education, Libraries and Persons with Disabilities 474
21. Infringement of Copyright 481
22. Civil Remedies for Infringement 489
23. Offences and Criminal Remedies 496
24. Copyright Societies 501
25. The Copyright Board: Its Powers, and Where They Went 506
26. The Copyright Office and Registration of Copyright 512
27. Copyright Issues in the Digital Environment 518
28. Intermediaries, Website Blocking and Artificial Intelligence 522
29. International Copyright and the Rest of the Act 529