B.Ed. (Hearing Impairment) Orientation and Mobility Syllabus - Mumbai University
This is the University of Mumbai syllabus for the Bachelor of Education - Special Education (Hearing Impairment), the Choice Based two-year programme in force from the academic year 2016-17. It is the scheme currently examined: the University set all four of its semesters in Winter 2025 and Summer 2026, and has published no revision of it since. The University no longer hosts the document on mu.ac.in, which is why it is mirrored here in full.
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Syllabus for Orientation and Mobility
Printed in the syllabus as “ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY”.
Module 1: Introduction to Orientation and Mobility
- 1.1 Orientation and Mobility --Definition, Importance and Scope
- 1.2 Basic Terminologies Associated with O&M: Trailing, Landmarks, Clues, Cues, Shoreline, Squaring Off, Clockwise Direction, Sound Masking, Sound Shadow
- 1.3 Roles of Other Senses in O&M Training
- 1.4 Special Responsibilities of Special Teacher/ Educator with reference to O&M Training
- 1.5 Blindfold--Rationale and Uses for the Teacher
Module 2: Understanding and practicing Human/Sighted Guide Technique
- 2.1 Grip
- 2.2 Stance
- 2.3 Hand Position
- 2.4 Speed Control
- 2.5 Negotiating: Narrow Spaces, Seating Arrangements, Staircases, Muddy paths
Module 3: Pre-Cane Skills
- 3.1 Upper and Lower Body protection
- 3.2 Room Familiarization
- 3.3 Using Oral Description for Orientation
- 3.4 Search Patterns
- 3.5 Building Map reading Skills
Module 4: Cane Travel Techniques and Devices
- 4.1 Canes--Types, Parts, Six Considerations
- 4.2 Cane Travel Techniques: Touch Technique, Touch and Drag Technique, Diagonal Cane Technique
- 4.3 Use of Public Transport
- 4.4 Asking for Help: When and How
- 4.5 Electronic Devices, Tactile and Auditory Maps -- Description and Uses
Module 5: Training In Independent Living Skills
- 5.1 Self Care, Gait and Posture
- 5.2 Personal Grooming
- 5.3 Eating Skills and Etiquette
- 5.4 Identification of Coins and Currency Notes
- 5.5 Basics of Signature Writing
Essential Readings
- Blasch, B. B., Weiner, W. R., & Welsh, R. L. (1997). Foundations of Orientation and Mobility (2nd ed.). New York: AFB Press.
- Cutter, Joseph (2006). Independent Movement and Travel in Blind Children. North Carolina: IAP
- Fazzi, D. L. & Petersmeyer, B. A. (2001). Imagining the Possibilities: Creative Approaches to Orientation and Mobility Instruction for Persons who are Visually Impaired. New York: AFB Press.
- Jaekle, Robert C.( 1993). Mobility Skills for Blind People : A Guide for Use in Rural Areas. Christoffel BlindenMission.
- Knott, N. I. (2002). Teaching Orientation and Mobility in the Schools: An Instructor’s Companion. New York: AFB Press.
- Smith, A. J. & Geruschat, D. R. (1996). Orientation and Mobility for Children and Adults with Low Vision. In A. L. Corn & A. J. Koenig (Eds.), Foundations of Low Vision: Clinical and Functional Perspectives .New York: AFB.
- Dodds, Allan(1986). Mobility Training for Visually Handicapped People. London: Croom Helm
- Hill, Everett and Ponder, Purvis (1976). Orientation and Mobility Techniques. New York: AFB
- Jacobson, W.H. (1993). The Art and Science of Teaching Orientation and Mobility to Persons with Visual Impairments. New York: AFB Press.
- Singh, J.P. (2003). Technology for the Blind. New Delhi: Kanishka Publication
Reproduced from the University of Mumbai syllabus for B.Ed. Spl. Ed. (Hearing Impairment), in force from the academic year 2016-17. Wording, module numbering and the reading list are as printed in that syllabus. The PDF above is the syllabus's own page, unaltered.
The complete syllabus
This subject is cut from the University syllabus for the whole degree. Open it here if you want the whole thing rather than a single subject.