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Semester 4 · Subject 1 of 9

Constitutional Law II

198 chapters · 5 modules · about 34 hours of reading

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Before Unit I

Cover and contents

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  1. The cover 1 page
  2. The contents 198 chapters
Unit I Locked 0 of 72 read
  1. 1 Constitutional Law II: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book (locked) 6 min
  2. 2 What a Federal Constitution Is (locked) 10 min
  3. 3 A Union of States, and Why Not a Federation (locked) 7 min
  4. 4 The Federal Features of This Constitution (locked) 7 min
  5. 5 The Unitary Features, and Quasi-Federal (locked) 8 min
  6. 6 Indian Federalism Compared With the United States (locked) 8 min
  7. 7 Forms of Government (locked) 7 min
  8. 8 Admission and Establishment of New States (locked) 7 min
  9. 9 Forming a New State, and Altering a Boundary (locked) 10 min
  10. 10 Consequential Amendments, and Why They Are Not Amendments (locked) 7 min
  11. 11 How India Was Actually Reorganised (locked) 8 min
  12. 12 The Union Territories (locked) 10 min
  13. 13 Delhi, and Article 239AA (locked) 12 min
  14. 14 High Courts for Union Territories (locked) 7 min
  15. 15 Cooperative Federalism (locked) 7 min
  16. 16 Competitive Federalism (locked) 8 min
  17. 17 The Inter-State Council and the Zonal Councils (locked) 8 min
  18. 18 The GST Council (locked) 9 min
  19. 19 The Seventh Schedule, and the Order of Precedence (locked) 11 min
  20. 20 The Extent of a Law, and Extra-Territorial Operation (locked) 8 min
  21. 21 The Tax Entries After the Goods and Services Tax (locked) 10 min
  22. 22 Pith and Substance (locked) 8 min
  23. 23 Colourable Legislation (locked) 9 min
  24. 24 Territorial Nexus (locked) 9 min
  25. 25 Repugnancy, and Article 254 (locked) 12 min
  26. 26 Residuary Power (locked) 10 min
  27. 27 When Parliament May Legislate on the State List (locked) 14 min
  28. 28 Two States Asking Parliament to Legislate (locked) 9 min
  29. 29 Legislating to Implement a Treaty (locked) 10 min
  30. 30 Previous Sanction, and Recommendation (locked) 9 min
  31. 31 The Duty of a State, and the Union's Directions (locked) 10 min
  32. 32 Entrusting Functions Both Ways (locked) 10 min
  33. 33 Jurisdiction Outside India, and Full Faith and Credit (locked) 9 min
  34. 34 Inter-State Water Disputes (locked) 9 min
  35. 35 The Scheme of Part XII (locked) 11 min
  36. 36 Who Levies, Who Collects, Who Keeps (locked) 11 min
  37. 37 How Tax Is Shared (locked) 12 min
  38. 38 Grants From the Union (locked) 13 min
  39. 39 Professions Tax, and the Savings (locked) 11 min
  40. 40 The Finance Commission (locked) 13 min
  41. 41 Discretionary Grants, and Custody of Public Money (locked) 12 min
  42. 42 The Immunities Between Governments (locked) 12 min
  43. 43 Borrowing (locked) 11 min
  44. 44 The Sarkaria and Punchhi Commissions (locked) 9 min
  45. 45 The Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse (locked) 9 min
  46. 46 The Restrictions on the Freedom (locked) 13 min
  47. 47 What Article 301 Actually Forbids (locked) 17 min
  48. 48 Part XVII: The Official Language of the Union (locked) 15 min
  49. 49 Regional Languages, and Language Between Governments (locked) 13 min
  50. 50 Language in the Courts, and the Language of the Law (locked) 15 min
  51. 51 Language and the Minorities (locked) 14 min
  52. 52 Why the Constitution Has a Part on Panchayats (locked) 9 min
  53. 53 The Gram Sabha, and the Three Tiers (locked) 8 min
  54. 54 Composition, and Reservation of Seats (locked) 11 min
  55. 55 Duration, and Disqualification (locked) 9 min
  56. 56 What a Panchayat Is Given To Do (locked) 8 min
  57. 57 Panchayat Finance (locked) 10 min
  58. 58 Panchayat Elections (locked) 9 min
  59. 59 Where Part IX Does Not Reach (locked) 13 min
  60. 60 The Municipalities (locked) 10 min
  61. 61 Composition, Wards Committees and Reservation (locked) 13 min
  62. 62 Duration, Disqualification, and What a Municipality Does (locked) 11 min
  63. 63 Municipal Finance (locked) 9 min
  64. 64 Municipal Elections, and the Planning Committees (locked) 13 min
  65. 65 Existing Laws, and the Bar on Courts (locked) 10 min
  66. 66 What the 73rd and 74th Amendments Achieved (locked) 12 min
  67. 67 Temporary, Transitional and Special (locked) 10 min
  68. 68 Article 370, and What It Actually Said (locked) 9 min
  69. 69 The Abrogation of Article 370 (locked) 10 min
  70. 70 Maharashtra, Gujarat and Nagaland (locked) 10 min
  71. 71 Assam, Manipur and Andhra Pradesh (locked) 13 min
  72. 72 Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka (locked) 12 min
Unit II Locked 0 of 59 read
  1. 73 The President of India (locked) 9 min
  2. 74 The Election of the President (locked) 8 min
  3. 75 Qualifications, Oath, Term and Re-election (locked) 10 min
  4. 76 The Impeachment of the President (locked) 8 min
  5. 77 A Vacancy, and the Vice-President (locked) 14 min
  6. 78 What Powers the President Actually Has (locked) 16 min
  7. 79 The Ordinance Power (locked) 13 min
  8. 80 The Attorney-General for India (locked) 10 min
  9. 81 The Conduct of Government Business (locked) 8 min
  10. 82 The Governor (locked) 14 min
  11. 83 The Governor's Immunity (locked) 10 min
  12. 84 Pardon, and the Executive Power of a State (locked) 10 min
  13. 85 The Governor's Discretion (locked) 14 min
  14. 86 The Advocate-General for the State (locked) 8 min
  15. 87 The Conduct of a State Government's Business (locked) 8 min
  16. 88 The Governor's Ordinance Power (locked) 12 min
  17. 89 Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures (locked) 9 min
  18. 90 The Two Houses of Parliament (locked) 10 min
  19. 91 The Council of States (locked) 10 min
  20. 92 The House of the People (locked) 10 min
  21. 93 Readjustment After a Census (locked) 10 min
  22. 94 The Duration of the Houses (locked) 10 min
  23. 95 Who May Be a Member of Parliament (locked) 10 min
  24. 96 Sessions, Prorogation and Dissolution (locked) 10 min
  25. 97 The President's Address, and Messages (locked) 11 min
  26. 98 Ministers and the Attorney-General in the House (locked) 10 min
  27. 99 Salaries, and the Secretariat (locked) 10 min
  28. 100 Oath, Voting and Quorum (locked) 12 min
  29. 101 Vacation of Seats (locked) 11 min
  30. 102 Disqualifications of a Member of Parliament (locked) 12 min
  31. 103 Who Decides a Disqualification (locked) 10 min
  32. 104 Sitting and Voting Before Taking the Oath (locked) 9 min
  33. 105 Salaries and Allowances of Members (locked) 9 min
  34. 106 How an Ordinary Bill Is Passed (locked) 10 min
  35. 107 A Money Bill (locked) 11 min
  36. 108 Assent, and What the President May Do With a Bill (locked) 7 min
  37. 109 The Budget, and the Charged Expenditure (locked) 10 min
  38. 110 Supplementary Grants, and a Vote on Account (locked) 9 min
  39. 111 The Four Kinds of Bill Compared (locked) 7 min
  40. 112 Rules of Procedure, and Why Courts Stay Out (locked) 12 min
  41. 113 The State Legislatures (locked) 7 min
  42. 114 The Legislative Assembly (locked) 9 min
  43. 115 The Legislative Council (locked) 8 min
  44. 116 Sessions, Address and Dissolution in a State (locked) 8 min
  45. 117 Qualification for Membership of a State House (locked) 6 min
  46. 118 Ministers and the Advocate-General in a State House (locked) 6 min
  47. 119 Salaries, and the Secretariat of a State Legislature (locked) 7 min
  48. 120 Oath, Voting and Quorum in a State House (locked) 9 min
  49. 121 Vacation of Seats, and Disqualification (locked) 11 min
  50. 122 How a Bill Becomes Law in a State (locked) 11 min
  51. 123 Assent, Withholding, and Reservation for the President (locked) 18 min
  52. 124 Financial Procedure in a State (locked) 10 min
  53. 125 Procedure, and the Courts, in a State Legislature (locked) 11 min
  54. 126 Reservation of Seats in the Legislatures (locked) 11 min
  55. 127 The Women's Reservation, and the 106th Amendment (locked) 12 min
  56. 128 When Reservation of Seats Ends (locked) 9 min
  57. 129 The Council of Ministers, and the Aid and Advice (locked) 11 min
  58. 130 The State Council of Ministers (locked) 9 min
  59. 131 A Hung Assembly, and Who Is Invited to Form a Government (locked) 12 min
Unit III Locked 0 of 32 read
  1. 132 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman (locked) 12 min
  2. 133 The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker (locked) 12 min
  3. 134 The Speaker, the Chairman, and Their Deputies (locked) 8 min
  4. 135 The Privileges of Parliament and Its Members (locked) 16 min
  5. 136 Bribery, Privilege, and the 2024 Decision (locked) 11 min
  6. 137 The Privileges of a State Legislature (locked) 10 min
  7. 138 The Anti-Defection Law (locked) 14 min
  8. 139 The Tenth Schedule in Practice (locked) 15 min
  9. 140 The Supreme Court of India (locked) 10 min
  10. 141 How Judges Are Actually Appointed (locked) 17 min
  11. 142 The National Judicial Appointments Commission (locked) 10 min
  12. 143 Why the NJAC Was Struck Down (locked) 9 min
  13. 144 Security of Tenure, Salary, and Post-Retirement Practice (locked) 12 min
  14. 145 The Removal of a Judge (locked) 12 min
  15. 146 A Court of Record, and Contempt (locked) 9 min
  16. 147 The Seat of the Court, and Its Original Jurisdiction (locked) 8 min
  17. 148 Appellate Jurisdiction (locked) 10 min
  18. 149 Special Leave to Appeal (locked) 8 min
  19. 150 The Federal Court's Jurisdiction, and Review (locked) 7 min
  20. 151 Enlargement of Jurisdiction, and Transfer of Cases (locked) 10 min
  21. 152 Binding Precedent, and the Enforcement of Orders (locked) 9 min
  22. 153 Complete Justice, and Article 142 (locked) 10 min
  23. 154 The Court's Own Officers, and Expenses (locked) 10 min
  24. 155 Judicial Review (locked) 11 min
  25. 156 Judicial Activism (locked) 10 min
  26. 157 Public Interest Litigation (locked) 15 min
  27. 158 Judicial Overreach, and the Criticism (locked) 10 min
  28. 159 Independence of the Judiciary (locked) 10 min
  29. 160 Judicial Accountability (locked) 10 min
  30. 161 The High Courts (locked) 9 min
  31. 162 The Appointment, Tenure and Transfer of a High Court Judge (locked) 14 min
  32. 163 The Writ Jurisdiction of a High Court (locked) 11 min
Unit IV Locked 0 of 18 read
  1. 164 Transfer of Cases, Officers, and the Union Territory Courts (locked) 11 min
  2. 165 Part XIVA: Tribunals (locked) 16 min
  3. 166 The Services Under the Union and a State (locked) 10 min
  4. 167 The Protection of Article 311 (locked) 13 min
  5. 168 The All-India Services (locked) 10 min
  6. 169 The Public Service Commissions (locked) 12 min
  7. 170 What a Service Commission Does, and How It Is Protected (locked) 12 min
  8. 171 Claims to Services, and the Anglo-Indian Community (locked) 11 min
  9. 172 The Election Commission of India (locked) 15 min
  10. 173 The Independence of the Election Commission (locked) 16 min
  11. 174 One Electoral Roll, One Vote (locked) 7 min
  12. 175 Parliament's Power Over Elections (locked) 7 min
  13. 176 Election Disputes, and the Bar on Courts (locked) 10 min
  14. 177 The Model Code of Conduct (locked) 9 min
  15. 178 The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (locked) 11 min
  16. 179 The Constitutional Bodies Compared (locked) 10 min
  17. 180 Property, Contracts and Liabilities (locked) 12 min
  18. 181 Suing the State (locked) 14 min
Unit V Locked 0 of 17 read
  1. 182 The Three Emergencies (locked) 8 min
  2. 183 A National Emergency (locked) 9 min
  3. 184 What a National Emergency Does (locked) 10 min
  4. 185 Emergency, and Fundamental Rights (locked) 12 min
  5. 186 The Union's Duty to Protect a State (locked) 9 min
  6. 187 President's Rule (locked) 11 min
  7. 188 The Judicial Review of a Proclamation (locked) 11 min
  8. 189 A Financial Emergency (locked) 9 min
  9. 190 Constitutional Interpretation (locked) 8 min
  10. 191 The Amending Power (locked) 11 min
  11. 192 The Basic Structure Doctrine (locked) 14 min
  12. 193 After Kesavananda (locked) 11 min
  13. 194 The Twelve Schedules (locked) 6 min
  14. 195 Scheduled Areas, and the Fifth Schedule (locked) 12 min
  15. 196 The Sixth Schedule, and the Autonomous District Councils (locked) 11 min
  16. 197 An Autonomous State Inside a State (locked) 8 min
  17. 198 Reviewing the Working of the Constitution (locked) 6 min

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