AC Item No.
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Revised Syllabus for T.Y.B.Sc.
Program: B.Sc.
Course : Microbiology(USMB)
(Credit Based Semester and Grading System with
effect from the academic year 2016–2017)
PREAMBLE
With the introduction of Credit Based S emester & Grading S ystem (CBSGS) and
continuous evaluation consisting of components of Internal Assessment & External
Assessment by the esteemed University from the academic year 2011 -12 at
F.Y.B.Sc.level,the earlier existing syllabus of F.Y.B.Sc.M icrobiology was restructured
accordi ng to the CBSGS pattern for implementation from 2011 -12.Likewise the existing
syllabi of S.Y.B.Sc.and T.Y. B.Sc. M icrobiology were restructured as per the CBSGS
pattern for their implementation from 2012 -13 and 2013- 14 respectively.
The existing syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc. and S.Y.B.Sc. Microbiolog y were due for revision and
for it’s impl ementation from the academic year 2014 -15 and 2015 -16 respectively. Now
it is the existing syllabus of T .Y.B.Sc. M icrobiology which was due for revision as per
the CBSGS pattern and for it’s implementa tion from the academic year 2016 -17.
Keeping in tune w ith th e revised syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc. and S.Y.B.Sc., the sub -committee
has taken utmost care to maintain the continuity in the flow of information of higher level
at T.Y.B.Sc.Hence some of the modu les of the earlier syllabus of T .Y.B.Sc.have been
upgraded w ith the new modules in order to make the l earners aware about the recent
developments i n various branches of Microbiology (like Microbial G enetics, Molecular
Biology, Virology, Medical M icrobiology, Immunology, Microbial B iochemistry,
Industrial Microbiology, Microbial B iotechnology) with an objective to raise the students
awareness in interdisciplinary courses such as B iostatistics, Biophysics, Bioinformatics ,
Computational B iochemistry, Bioinstrumentation , Nanoscience and A strobiolo gy.
All the 08 courses of theory and practicals (Semester- V & Semester- VI together) are
compulsory to the students offering microbiology as a single major subject (6 units
pattern of the old course).These courses are : -
1. USMB501and USMB601
2. USMB502 and USMB 602
3. USMB503 and USMB603
4. USMB504 and USMB604
However,students opting for double major subject (3 units pattern of old course) shall
have following 04 courses of theory and practicals (Semester- V & S emester -VI together)
compulsory: -
1. USMB501 and USMB601
2. USMB5 02 and USMB602
I am thankful to co-conveners and all the members of our sub-committee s for their great
efforts and for timely submission of the draft syllabus.
T. Y. B. Sc. MICROBIOLOGY THEORY
SEMESTER -V
COURSE
CODE TITLE CREDITS AND
LECTURES /SEM
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I DNA REPLICATION 15 lectures
Unit II MUTATION AND REPAIR 15 lectures
Unit III HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION &GENETIC
EXCHANGE 15 lectures
Unit IV PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS 15 lectures
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY :
PART- I 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES 15 Lectures
Unit II STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS ON
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION. 15 Lectures
Unit III GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY -I 15 Lectures
Unit IV GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY -II 15 Lectures
USMB503 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY : PART - I 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES & TRANSPORT 15 Lectures
Unit II BIOENERGETICS & BIOLUMINESCENCE 15 Lectures
Unit III METHODS OF STUDYING METABOLISM 15 Lectures
N.B.- (I) Each theory period shall be of 48 minutes duration. Theory
component shall have 240 instructional periods plus 240 notional periods per
semester which is equal to 384 learning hours.For theory component the value
of One Credit is equal to 38.40 learning hours.
(II) Each practical period shall be of 48 minutes duration.Practical component
shall have 240 instructional periods plus 60 notional periods per semester
which is equal to 240 learning hours.For practical component the value of One
Credit is equal to 40 learning hours.
&CATABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
Unit IV FERMENTATIVE PATHWAY& ANABOLISM OF
CARBOHYDRATES 15 Lectures
USMB 504 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL M ICROBIOLOGY. 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I UPSTREAM PROCESSING 15 lectures
Unit II FERMENTER EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL: 15 lectures
Unit III DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING & ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS 15 lectures
Unit IV TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS :
PART -I 15 lectures
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiolo gy Theory : USMB -501(Microbial Genetics)
Learning Objectives:
Microbial Genetics isan undergraduate T.Y. B.Sc. Microbiology coursethat deals with both
conceptual and practicalt ools for generating, processing and understanding biological genetic
information . It develops knowledge of the underlying theories of genetics which exhibits a
broad understanding of genetic exchange among prokaryotes.It also gives students hands -on
competence in fundamental molecular biology theories and laboratory techniques .It gives an
overview of recombinant DNA technology and biotechnology applications utilising genetic
manipulation.It also provide s practical experien ce of the major analytical tec hniques used in
bioinformatics .It also deals with basic structure and life cycle of different types of viruses and
explains different terminologies like cancer, prions, viriods and their mechanism .This course will
help student s to build on the basic information regarding DNA structure transcription, translation
and genetic code that they have gained in S. Y. B.Sc.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
• Understand the molecular mechanism involved in DNA replication
• Understand how to identify and classify mutations in DNA followed bymechanism of
DNA repair
• Underst and basic concepts of homologous recombination and genetic exchange among
prokaryotes
• Understand natural plasmids and transposons present in prokaryotes
• Understand an accou nt of prokaryotic gene structure and the mechanisms controlling
gene expression
USMB -501: D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures /
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
DNA REPLICATION
1.1. Historical perspective— conservative, dispersive,
semi -conservative, Bidirectional and semi -
discontinuous 1.2. Prokaryotic DNA replication – Details of
molecular mechanism in volved in Initiation,
Elongation nd Termination
1.3. Enzymes and proteins associated with DNA replication - primase, helicase, topoisomerase, SSB,
DNA polymerases, ligases, Ter and Tus pro teins
1.4. Eukaryotic DNA replication -- Molecular details
of DNA synthesis, replicating the ends of the
chromosomes
1.5. Rolling circle mode of replication
15 Lectures
4 Lectures
4 Lectures
4 Lecture
2 Lecture
1 Lectures
15
UNIT II
MUTATION AND REPAIR
2.1. Mutation
2.1.a.Terminology: alleles, homozygous,
heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation,
Germline mutation, Gene m utation, Chromosome
mutation, phenotypic lag, hotspots and mutator genes
2.1.b. Fluctuation test.
2.1.c. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution,
transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense
mutation, silent mutation, neutral muta tion, pleiotropic
mutations.
15 Lectures
1 Lectures
1 Lecture
1 Lectures
15
2.1.d. Causes of mutation: Natural/spontaneous
mutation --replication error, depurination, deamination.
Induced mutation: principle and mechanism with
illustrative diagrams for –
i. Chemical mutagens - base analogues, n itrous a cid,
hydroxyl amine, intercalating agents and alkylating
agents.
ii. Physical mutagen iii. Biological mutagen (only examples)
2.1.e. Ames test
2.1.f. Detection of mutants
2.2. DNA Repair
a. Mismatch repair,
b. Light repair
c. Repair of alkylation damage
d. Base excision repair
e. Nucleotide excision repair
f. SOS repair
5 Lectures
1 Lectures
1 Lectures
5 Lectures
UNIT II I
GENETIC EXCHANGE
3.1. Gene transfer mechanisms in bacteria &
homologous recombination
3.1.a. Transformation
i. Introduction and History
ii. Types of transformation in prokaryotes --Natural
transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bacillus subtilis
iii. Mapping of bacterial genes using
transformation.
iv. Problems based on transformation.
3.2.b. Conjugation
i. Discovery of conjugation in bacteria
ii. Properties of F plasmid/Sex factor
iii. The conjugation machinery
iv. Hfr strains, their formation and mechanism of conjugation
v. F’ factor, origin and behavior of F’ strains, Sexduction.
vi. Mapping of ba cterial genes using conjugation 15 Lectures
4 Lectures
5 Lectures
15
(Wolman and Jacob experiment).
vii. Problems based on conjugation
3.3.c.Transduction
i. Introduction and discovery
ii. Generalised transduction
iii. Use of Generalised transduction for mapping
genes
iv. Specialised transduction
v. Problems based on transduction
3.4. Recombination in bacteria
3.4.a. General/Homologous recombination
i. Molecular mechanism
ii. Holliday model of recombination
b. Site –specific recombination
3 Lectures
3 Lectures
UNIT I V
PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS
(REGULATION)
4.1.Plasmids
a. Physical nature
b.Detection and isolation of plasmids
c. Plasmid incompatibility and Plasmid curing d. Cell to cell transfer of plasmids
e. Types of plasmids
i. Resistance Plasmids,
ii. Plasmids encod ing Toxins and other Virulence
characteristics
iii. col factor
iv. Degradative plasmids
4.2.Transp osable Elements in Prokaryotes
a. Insertion sequences
b. Transposons
i. Types
ii. Structure and properties
iii. Mechanism of transposition
iv. Transposon mutagenesis
c. Integrons
4.3. Lac operon and problems on Lac operon
Trp operon 15 Lectures
4 Lecture
4 Lectures
7 Lectures
15
T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology Theory:
USMB -502 (Medical Microbiology &Immunology: Part -I)
Learning objectives:
One of the most important areas of microbiology, medical microbiology encompasses the
aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of various diseases that are enlisted in the syllabus. This course will h elp students
to build on the basic information regarding host defence mechanisms that they have gained in S. Y. B.Sc. Immunology is an integral part of Medical Microbiology and t his course is designed for
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students have achieved a basic
understanding of Innate Immunity and Host Defence mechanisms. The course has been designed to help understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a logical fashion. This includes our innate ability to defend against microorganisms (innate
immunity); should this first line of defence fail, how we can fight infections (acquired
immunity); if we react excessively, what price we pay (hypersesit ivity); and very importantly,
how we can prevent pathogens from infecting us (vaccinantion).
Learning Outcomes: (Medical Microbiology) Students should be able to-
• Give details of the virulence factors and other features of the pathogen
• Correlate these vi rulence factors with the pathogenesis and clinical features of the disease
• Comment on the mode of transmission, epidemiology and therefore modes of prophylaxis
of these diseases
• Given a few key clinical features, identify the likely causative agent.
• Comme nt on the methods of diagnosis of the disease.
Learning Outcomes: ( Immunology) Should be able to-
• Conceptualize how the innate and adaptive immune responses coordinate to fight invading pathogens
• Discuss the role of antigen in initiating the immune response
• Correlate the structure & functions of immunoglobulin
• Understand the importance of all the other entities involved ie T cells, B cells, NK cells, APCs, Cytokines, MHC, TcR, BcR, Co -receptors, Signalling pathways etc
USMB -502: D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures /
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY 2.5
Credits
(60
lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES
1A. Study of virulence mechanisms in bacteria
1.1. Identifying bacteria that cause disease
1.2. Genomics and bacterial pathogenicity
1.2.1. The clonal nature of bacterial pathogens
1.2.2. Mobile genetic elements
1.2.3. Pathogenicity islands
1.3. Bacterial virulence factors
1.3.1. Adherence factors
1.3.2. Invasion of host cells and tissues
1.3.3. Toxins
1.3.3.1. Exotoxins
1.3.3.2. Exotoxins associated with diarrhoeal
diseases and food poisoning
1.3.3.3. LPS of gram negative bacteria
1.3.4. Enzymes
1.3.4.1. Tissue degrading enzymes
1.3.4.2. IgA1 proteases
1.3.5. Antiphagocytic factors
1.3.6. Intracellular pathogenicity
1.3.7. Antigenic heterogeneity
1.3.8. The requirement for iron
1.3.9. The role of biofilms
15
01
01
03 15
1B. Study of A Few Infectious Diseases of the
Respiratory Tract with Emphasis on Cultural Characteristics of t he Aetiological Agent,
Pathogenesis & clinical features , Laboratory
Diagnosis And Prevention
1.1. S. pyogenes infections
1.2. Diphtheria
1.3. Common cold
1.4. Tuberculosis
1.5. Pneumonia caused by K .pneumoniae
10
UNIT II
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS
ON CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS &
CLINICAL FEATURES , LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION .
2.1 Study of skin infections
2.1.1 Leprosy 2.1.2 Fungal infections - Oral Thrush
2.1.3 Pyogenic skin infections caused by Pseudomonas
and S. aureus.
2.2 Study of gastrointestinal tract infections
2.2.1 Enteric fever - Salmonella
2.2.2 Shigellosis
2.2.3 Rotavirus diarrhoea
2.2.4 Dysentery due to Entamoebahistolytica
2.2.5 Infections due to Enteropathogenic E.coli strains
2.3 Study of urinary tract infections 15
05
08
02
15
UNIT III : GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY -I
3.1. Antigens
3.1.1.Immunogenicity versus antigenicity
3.1.2.Factors that influence immunogenicity –
foreignness, molecular size, chemical composition, heterogenicity, ability to be processed and presented, contribution of the biological system to immunogenicity – genotype of the r ecipient, animal, immunogen dosage, route
of administration and adjuvants
3.1.3.Epitopes / antigen determinants (only concepts)
3.1.4.Haptens and antigenicity
3.1.5.Immunogenicity of some natural substances –
native globular proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids Types of antigens – heterophile antigens, isophile antigens, sequestered antigens, super antigens, bacterial and viral antigens
3.2. Immunoglobulins
3.2.1. Immunoglobulins – basic and fine structure
3.2.2.Immunoglobulin classes and biological activities
3.2.3.Antigenic dete rminants on immunoglobulins –
isotypes, allotypes, idiotypes
3.2.4. Immunoglobulin Superfamily 15
05
07
15
3.2.5. Monoclonal antibodies, Production
(Diagrammatically) & applications
3.3. T Cells, B cells and NK Cell s
3.4. Antigen presenting cells
Antigen presentation- professional and non-
professional cells and processing pathways,
(Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway)
01
02
UNIT IV : GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY - II
4.1. Cytokines
4.1.1. Properties and functions
4.1.2. Cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells
4.2. MHC complex and MHC molecules
4.2.1. Structure of class I, and class II molecules; class III molecules
4.2.2. Peptide – MHC interaction
4.3. T cells
4.3.1. Receptors, structure (alpha -beta, gamma -delta
TcR)
4.3.2. TcR-CD3 complex structure & functions.
Accessory molecules.
4.3.3. Subsets of T c ells ( Th1, Th2, T reg)
4.3.4. T cell activation, Costimulatory molecules, T cell differentiation (memory & effector cell)
4.4. B cells
4.4.1. Receptors ----structure & organization
4.4.2. B cell activation and differentiation –
i)Thymus dependent and independent antigens,
ii) B cell activating signals,
iii) Role of Th cells in Humoral response, formation of T – B conjugates, CD40 / CD40L interaction, Th cell cytokine signals.
15
02
03
05
05 15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory :
USMB -503 (Microbial Biochemistry : Part -I)
Learning objectives:
This course is designed for T .Y.B.Sc. Microbiology students in order that the students
achieve a basic understanding of solute transport and metabolism. The course has been
designed to expose students to methods of studying energy generation, fermentative
metabolism as well as anaboli sm.
There has been a lot of importance attached to biochemical reactions in living cells. The
student must be exposed to the mechanism of solute transport and methods to study the same. The students are already exposed to laws of thermodynamics in the lower level, however, they should be made a ware of t he electron transport chain in P rocaryotes
and Mitochondria. ATP synthesis and anabolic mechanisms need to be explained to the
students to understand the breakdown of mono, di and oligosaccharides. The students will also be exposed to the fermentative pathways and anabolic reactions.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
• Understand the architecture of the membrane and how solute is transported inside the
cell.
• Describe and explain the electron transport chains in pro karyotes and mitochondria and
understand the mechanism of ATP synthesis.
• Explain bioluminescence mechanism and its significance
• Discuss the experimental aspect of studying catabolism and anabolism and the various pathways for the breakdown of carbohydrates along with reactions in amphibolic
pathways.
• Describe various other pathways which produce different end products.
• Describe anabolic reactions in carbohydrate synthesis.
• Apply the concepts of energetics and catabolism in biodegradation of various substrates.
USMB -503: D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures /
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB
503 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY:( Part - I) 2.5 Credits
(60
lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES &
TRANSPORT
1.1 Composition and architecture of membrane
1.1.1. Lipids
1.1.2. Integral & peripheral proteins & interactions
with lipids
1.1.3. Permeability and outer membrane - a barrier
1.1.4. Aquaporins
1.1.5. Mechanosensitive channels
1.2 Methods of studying solute transport
1.2.1. Using whole cells
1.2.2. Using Liposomes
1.2.3. Using Proteoliposome
1.3 Solute transport across membrane
1.3.1. Passive transport facilitated by membrane
proteins.
1.3.2. Transporters grouped into Superfamilies
1.3.3. Co transport across plasma membrane
(Uniport, Antiport, Symport)
1.3.4. Active transport & electrochemical gradient
1.3.5. Ion gradient provides energy for secondary
activetransport eg. Lactose transport
1.3.6. ATPases and transport
1.3.7. ABC transporters e.g. Histidine transport
1.3.8. Shock sensitive system – Role of binding
proteins e.g. Maltose uptake
1.3.9. Phosphotransferase system
1.3.10.Schematic representation of various
Membrane transport mechanisms in E. coli
1.4 Other examples of solute transport -
1.4.1. Iron transport : A special problem
1.4.2. Bacterial protein export
1.4.3. Bacterial membrane fusion central to many
biological processes 15
02
02
08
03 15
UNIT II
BIOENERGETICS AND
BIOLUMINESCENCE.
2.1. Biochemical mechanism of generating ATP -
Substrate level, Oxidative, and Photo Phosphorylation
2.2 Electron transport chain
2.2.1. Universal Electron acceptors that transfer
electrons to ETC.
2.2.2. Carriers in ETC
i. Hydrogen carriers – Flavoproteins, Quinones
ii. Electron carriers – Iron sulphur proteins,
Cytochromes
2.2.3. Mitochondrial ETC
i. Biochemical anatomy of mitochondria
ii. Complexes in Mitochondrial ETC
iii.Schematic representation of Mitochondrial ETC
2.3 Prokaryotic ETC
2.3.1. Organization of electron carriers in bacteria
2.3.2. Generalised electron transport pathway in
bacteria
2.3.3. Different terminal oxidases
2.3.4. Branched bacterial ETC
2.3.5. Pattern of electron flow in E. coli - aerobic
and anaerobic
2.3.6. Pattern of electron flow in Azotobacter
vinelandii
2.4. ATP synthesis
2.4.1. Explanation of terms – Proton motive force,
Proton pump, Coupling sites, P:O ratio,
Redox potential
2.4.2. Free energy released during electron transfer
from NADH to O 2.
2.4.3. Chemiosmotic theory
2.4.4. Structure & function of Mitochondrial ATP
synthase ( No Kinetics)
2.4.5. Mechanis m by Rotational catalysis
2.4.6. Structure of bacterial ATP synthase
2.4.7. Inhibitors of ETC , Inhibitors of ATPase,
Uncouplers, Ionophores
2.5 Other modes of generation of electrochemical 15
Revision
04
03
03
03
15
energy
2.5.1. ATP hydrolysis
2.5.2. Oxalate formate exchange
2.5.3.End product efflux, Definition- Lactate efflux
2.5.4. Bacteriorhodopsin - Definition, Significance,
Function as proton pump,
2.6 Bioluminescence
2.6.1. Brief survey of bioluminescent systems
2.6.2. Biochemistry of light emission
2.6.3. Schematic diagram
2.6.4. Significance / Application
UNIT III
METHODS OF STUDYING METABOLISM
& CATABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
3.1.Experimental Analysis of metabolism
3.1.1. Goals of the study
3.1.2. Levels of organization at which metabolism
is studied .
3.1.3. Metabolic probes
3.1.4. Use of radioisotopes in biochemistry
i. Pulse labeling
ii. Assay & study of radiorespirometry – to differentiate EMP & ED
3.1.5. Use of biochemical mutants.
3.1.6. Sequential induction technique
3.2. Catabolism of Carbohydrates
3.2.1. Breakdown of polysaccharides – glycogen, starch, cellulose.
3.2.2. Breakdown of oligosaccharides – lactose,
maltose, sucrose, cellobiose
3.2.3. Utilization of monosaccharides – fructose,
Galactose.
3.2.4. Major pathways -
i. Glycolysis (EMP)
ii.HMP Pathway & Significance of the pathway
iii. ED pathway, iv. TCA cycle & Significance of the cycle
v. Anaplerotic reactions
vi. Glyoxylate bypass,
vii. Incomplete TCA in anaerobic bacteria
3.3 Amphibolic role of EMP and TCA cycle 02
15
03
10
15
3.4 Energetics of Glycolysis, ED and TCA pathway –
Balance sheet o nly(No efficiency calculation)
UNIT IV
FERMENTATIVE PATHWAY&
ANABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
4.1 Fermentative pathways
(With structures and enzymes)
4.1.1. Lactic acid fermentation –
i. Homofermentors
ii. Heterofermentors
iii. Bifidobacterium pathway (Schematic)
4.1.2. Alcohol fermentation
i. by ED pathway in bacteria
ii. by EMP in yeasts
4.2 Other modes of fermentations in microorganisms
4.2.1. Mixed acid,
4.2.2. Butanediol
4.2.3. Butyric acid
4.2.4. Butanol -acetone
4.2.5. Propionic acid (Acrylate pathway and succinate propionate pathway)
4.3 Anabolism of Carbohydrates
4.3.1. General pattern of metabolism leading to
synthesis of a cell from Glucose
4.3.2. Gluconeogenes is
(Mitochondrial aspect not included)
4.3.3. Biosynthesis of Glycogen
4.3.4. Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan
01
01
15
04
05
06
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB -504 (Bioprocess Technology &
Environmental Microbiology)
Learning Objectives
Bioprocess Technology & Environmental Microbiology course is designed to develop the
learner’s ability to study the techniques used in the different phases of industrial microbiology
such as strain improvement, basic fermentation equipment & its sterilization aspects. It gives an
in depth focus of the different types of fermenters used in industry for production of different
products, and also emphasizes its process parameters. It includes the principles and describes the
main steps and processes in the industrial production of beverages and enzymes.The downstream
process and the environmental aspects of the final product are also included.
Industrial and Environmental Microbiology becomes an important application based paper
covering microbial fermentations as well as applying t he techniques of molecular biology to
enzyme technology, animal tissue culture as well as plant tissue culture. Thus, it becomes a laboratory to market scenario where the entire products reach. The learner is provided with the
details of productions of important products like antibiotics, vitamins, organic acid and enzymes
along with the analysis techniques using various instruments and statistical tools.
The learner is expected to learn the need of Quality management and regulatory bodies as the
products need to fulfill these requirements. Thus this paper readies the learner to understand and
apply the knowledge of fermentation technology and related products.
This course aims to enable graduates to enter industry with an appropriate level of understanding
of the need for both the science and business aspects to be achi evable to make a viable product
and enhance their enterpreunial skills.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
• Describe the applications of microbes and its strain improvement in Ind ustrial
Microbiology.
• Apply kinetic formula to determine growth and productivity parameters of batch and
continuous fermentations
• Describe the design of bioreactors for different applications and its process parameters
• Design media, growth conditions and techniques for producing and recovering different
types of products of commercial value
• Design an industrial process by keeping in view the strict guidelines for its recovery &
disposal
• Learner will be well –versed with the environmental aspects such as carbon credits & containment levels.
• Learn to develop the corrective measures for dealing with the environmental pollution
and its consequences .
USMB -504: D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code
Title
Lectures /
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB
504 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL M ICROBIOLOGY. 2.5
CREDITS
(60
LECTURES) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
UPSTREAM PROCESSING :
1.1 Strain Improvement of industrial
microorganisms
Selection of induced mutants
Selection of mut ants with altered permeabilility
Isolation of mutants not producing Feed Back
Inhibitors or Feed Back repressors (All Methods – Only
one example)
Use of auxotrophs for production of primary
metabolites. Example aspartate family.
Isolation of mutants that do not recognize the presence of inhibitors & re pressors with ex ample(Gradient plate
–Lysine)
Isolation of auxotrophic mutants example -(Penicillin -
Davies technique &Minaturized tech)
Isolation of induced mutants for secondary metabolites.
Isolation of resistant mutants.
Isolation of revertant mutants.
1.2 Sterilization
Introduction. Media sterilization (Concept of nabla factor ),
Design of batch sterilization.
Methods of batch sterilization, - Design of
continuous sterilization, Methods – Heat
15L
10
5
15
UNIT II
FERMENTER EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL
2.1.Design of fermenter
Scale Up, Basic functions of fermenter ,- Aseptic
operation & containment ,Body construction,
Aeration and agitation :Agitators , Stirrer glands &
bearing, Mechanical seals(Names & Functions ,no
diagrams) , Magnetic Drive, - Baffles , Sparger:
porous, orifice; nozzle; combined.
Achievement & maintenance of ascetic condition,
15
10
15
Valves / Steam traps - function in general &
examples.
Types of fermenters: Acetator, Cavitator, Tower
fermenter, Cylindro conical, Air lift – outer loop /
inner loop, Deep jet, Cyclone column, Packed tower (generator), Rotating disc, Bubble cap.
2.2 Instrument ation & Control of variables
Introduction, Types of sensors, Sensing & Control of- pH, temp, Dissolved oxygen, Flow measurement
&control, Pressure, Inlet / Exit gas analysis, Foam
sensing, Oxygen
5
UNIT III
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING &
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS :
3.1.Downstream processing
Recovery & Purification of fermentation products
Introduction, Precipitation, Filtration - theory,
filter -aids, batch filters (Plate and frame filters),
continuous filters. (Rotary vaccum),Centrifugation :
flocculating age nt, range of centrifuges - Basket,
tubular bowl. Cell disruption: Physico- chemical .
Liquid – Liquid extraction, Solvent recovery,
Chromatography –Ion exchange & Adsorption
Membrane processes – Ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, liquid membranes .Drying , Crystallization
,Whole broth processing .
3.2 .Environmental aspects
3.2.1 Effluent treatment
3.2.2. Carbon Credits - Environmental
Degradation issues and challenges
15
10
5
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals (Semester -V)
Course code: USMBP05
[Practicals Based on USMB501,Credits - 1.5,Lectures - 60, Notional Periods -15]
1. UV survival curve – determination of exposure time leading to 90% reduction
2. Isolation of mutants using UV mutagenesis
3. Replica plate technique for selection & characterization of mutants – auxotroph & antibiotic
resistant
4. Isolation and detection of plasmid DNA.
5. Preparation o f competent cells and transformation
6. Diauxic Growth and beta galactosidase assay
Course code : USMBP05
[Practicals Based on USMB 502,Credits - 1.5,Lectures -60, Notional Periods -15]
1. Illustration of the role of plasmids in antibiotic resistance through curing of the plasmid
2. Study of iron sequestration- siderophore production in Pseudomonas spp.
3. Determination of mannose resistant haemagglutination as an indication for presence of P
fimbriae in uropathogenic E.coli strains.
4. Acid fast staining of M. tuberculosis.
5. To determine SLO and SLS activity of S .pyogenes
6. Serological identification of enteropathogenic E.coli
7. Identification of isolates obtained from nasal swabs, skin swab, pus, sputum, stool and urine by morphological, cultural and biochemical properties.
8. Antigen Preparation: O & H antigen preparation of Salmonella. Confirmation by slide agglutination
Course Code : USMBP06 UNIT IV
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL
FERMENTATIONS :PART- I
4.1. Beer –Ale and Lager
4.2. Wine –Red and white & Champagne
4.3. Vinegar (acetator & Generator )
4.4. Alcohol from molasses
4.5. Baker's yeast
4.6. Fungal amylase by solid substrate fermentation 15
3
3
3
2
2 2
15
[Practicals Based on USMB 503;Credits -1.5,Lectures - 60, Notional Periods -15]
1. Isolation and study of Bioluminescent organisms
2. Study of oxidative and fermentative metabolism
3. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Phosphatase
4. Detection of organic acids by TLC
5. Study of Home and Heterofermentation
6. Isolation and detection of Mitochondria
7. Glucose detection by G OD/POD
8. Galactose transport in yeasts
Course code: USMBP06
[Practicals Based on USMB504 ,Cred its -1.5,Lectures - 60, Notional Periods -15]
1. Alcohol tolerance for yeast.
2. Sugar tolerance for yeast.
3. Alcohol fermentation.- Efficiency of fermentation
4. Chemical estimation –Sugar by Cole’s
5. Chemical estimation –Alcohol
6. Gradient plate technique for analogue resistant mutants.
7. Production of amylase - detection, shake flask or solid substrate cultivation and stimation.
(Qualitative )
Semester V: Text Books and Reference Books
USMB501: Text books
1. Peter J. Russell (2006), “Genetics -A molecular approach”, 2nd ed.
2. Benjamin A. Pierce (2008), “Genetics a conceptual approach”, 3rd ed., W. H.
Freeman and company.
3. R. H. Tamarin, (2004), “Principles of genetics”, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. D,.Nelson and M.Cox, (2005), “Lehninger’s Principles of biochemistry”, 4th ed.,
Macmillan worth Publishers.
5. M.Madigan, J.Martinko, J.Parkar, (2009), “Brock Biology of microorganisms”, 12th
ed., Pearson Education International.
6. Fairbanks and Anderson, (1999), “Genetics”, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
7. Prescott, Harley and Klein, “Microbiology”,. 7th edition Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
8. Robert Weaver, “Molecular biology”, , 3rd edn. Mc Graw Hill international edition.
9. Nancy Trun and Janine Trempy, (2004), “Fundamental bacterial genetics”, Blackwell
Publishing
10. Snustad, Simmons, “Principles of genetics”, 3rd edn. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
USMB501: Reference books:
1. Benjamin Lewin, “Genes IX”, , Jones and Bartlett publishers.
2. JD Watson, “Molecular biology of the gene”, , 5th edn.
USMB502 :Text books :
1. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition, Lange publication
2. Bacterial Pathogenesis – A molecular approach Abigail Salyer And Dixie Whitt 2nd Ed
ASM press
3. Ananthanarayan and Panicker’s, Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition
4. Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition , W H Freeman and Company
5. Pathak & Palan, Immunology: Essential & Fundamental, 1st& 3rd Edition , Capital
Publishing Company
6. Fahim Khan, Elements of Immunology, Pearson Education
USMB502: Reference books / Internet references:
1. Kuby Immunology, 7th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
2. Baron Samuel , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/
4. http://www.macmillanlearning.com/catalog/static/whf/kuby/
USMB503 : Text books:
1. Stanier, R. Y.,M. Doudoroff andE. A. Adelberg. General Microbiology, 5th edition, The
Macmillan press Ltd
2. Conn, E.E., P. K.Stumpf, G .Bruening and R . Y.Doi. 1987 . Outlines of Biochemistry, 5th
edition, 1987. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
3. Gottschalk,G., (1985), Bacterial Metabolism, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag
4. White, D., (1995), The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, 3rd edition, Oxford
University Press
5. Nelson, D . L. and M.M. Cox(2005), Lehninger , Principles of biochemistry . 4th
edition, W. H. Freeman and Company
6. Rose, A.H. (1976) Chemical Microbiology, 3rdednButterworth -Heinemann
7. Zubay, G. L (1996), Biochemistry, 4th edition, Wm. C. Brown publishers
8. Mathews, C.K., K.E. van Holde, D.R. Appling, S,J, Anthony- Cahill (2012) Biochemistry,
4thedn. Pearson
9. Wilson and Walker , 4thedn
USMB503 : Reference books:
1. Zubay, G. L (1996), Principles of Biochemistry, Wm. C. Brown publishers
2. Cohen, G.N. (2011). Microbial Bioc hemistry. 2ndedn, Springer
USMB504: Text books
1. Casida L. E., "Industrial Microbiology”(2009) Reprint, New Age International (P)
Ltd,Publishers, New Delhi
2. Stanbury P. F., Whitaker A. &HaII --S. J., (1997), "Principles of Fermentation
Technology", 2nd Edition, Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Peppler, H. J. and Perlman, D. (1979), "Microbial Technology’’. Vol 1 & 2,
Academic Press
4. H. A. Modi, (2009). ‘’Fermentation Technology’’ Vols 1 & 2, Pointer Publications, India
5. OkaforN akuda (2007) ‘’Modern Indust rial Microbiology and Biotechnology’’,
Science Publications Enfield, NH, USA.
6. Environmental degradation : issues and challenges by Shitole and Sable, Global research publication (2012)
USMB504 : Reference books
1. Crueger W. and Crueger A. (2000) "Biotechnology - "A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology", 2nd Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 2. Prescott and Dunn's ‘’Industrial Microbiology’’(1982) 4th Edition, McMillan
Publishers
T. Y. B. Sc. MICROBIOLOGY THEORY
SEMESTER -VI
COURSE
CODE TITLE CREDITS AND
LECT URE S/SEM
USMB601 RDNA TECHNOLOGY, BIOINFORMATICS &
VIROLOGY 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 15 lectures
Unit II BASIC TECHNIQUES & BIOINFORMATICS 15 lectures
Unit III BASIC VIROLOGY 15 lectures
Unit IV ADVANCED VIROLOGY 15 lectures
USMB602 MEDICAL MIC ROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
: PART II 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS
ON CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION. 15 lectures
Unit II CHEMOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS 15 lectures
Unit III HUMORAL RESPONSE,CELL MEDIATED
EFFECTOR RESPONSE, ANTIGEN -ANTIBOBY
REACTIONS 15 lectures
Unit IV VACCINES, IMMUNOHAEMATO;OGY,
HYPERSENSITIVITY 15 lectures
USMB603 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY : PART II 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I LIPID METABOLISM & CATABOL ISM OF
HYDROCARBONS . 15 lectures
Unit II METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC
ACIDS . 15 lectures
Unit III METABOLIC REGULATION 15 lectures
Unit IV PROKARYOTIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
INORGANIC METABOLISM 15 lectures
USMB604 APPLIED AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 2.5 CREDITS (60
LECTURES)
Unit I TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS –
PART 2 15 lectures
Unit II ADVANCES IN BIOPROCESSES TECHNOLOGY: 15 lectures
Unit III BIOINSTRUMENTATION & BIOSTATISTICS 15 lectures
Unit IV QUALITY ASSURANCE & REGULATORY
PRACTICES 15 lectures
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB -601( rDNA
Technology,Bioinformatics & Virology)
Learning Objectives
Microbial Genetics isan undergraduate T.Y. B.Sc. Microbiology coursethat deals with both
conceptual and practicalt ools for generating, processing and understanding biological genetic
information . It develops knowledge of the underlying theories of genetics which exhibits a
broad understanding of genetic exchange among prokaryotes.It also gives students hands -on
competence in fundamental molecular biology theories and laboratory techniques .It gives an
overview of recombinant DNA technology and biotechnology applications uti lizing genetic
manipulation.It also provide s practical experience of the major analytical tec hniques used in
bioinformatics .It also deals with basic structure and life cycle of different types of viruses and
explains different terminologies like cancer, pr ions, viriods and their mechanism .This course will
help students to build on the basic information regarding DNA structure transcription, translation
and genetic code that they have gained in S. Y. B.Sc.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
1. Understand the basic concepts and techniques of recombinant DNA technology
2. Understand the basic concepts of Bioinformatics .
3. Understand the basic structure, classificati on, , enumeration, cultivation and life cycle
of viruses
4. Understa nd the terms like c ancer, prions, viriods and their mechanis
5. Understa nd regulation of lambda phage
USMB-601 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title
Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB601
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY,
BIOINFORMATICS &VIROLOGY 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
1.1. Branches of Genetics
1.1.a. Transmission genetics
1.1.1.b. Molecular genetics
1.1.c. Population genetics
1.1.d. Quantitative genetics
1.2. Model Organisms
1.2.a. Characteristics of a model organism
1.2.b. Examples of model organisms used in study
1.2.c. Examples of studies undertaken using prokaryotic and eukaryotic model organisms
1.3. Basic steps in Gene Cloning.
1.4. Cutting and joining DNA molecules --Restriction
and modification systems, restriction endonucleases,
DNA ligases
1.5. Vectors
1.5.a. Plasmids as cloning vectors. The plasmid vectors,
pBR322 vector
1.5.b. Cloning genes into pBR322
1.5.c. Phage as cloning vectors, cloning genes into phage vector
1.5.d. Cosmids
1.5.e. Shuttle vectors
1.5.f. YAC
1.6.g.BAC
1.6. Methods of transformation
1.7.Screening and selection methods for identification and isolation of recombinant cells
15
1
2
1
2
4
2
3
15
UNIT II
BASIC TECHNIQUES & BIOINFORMATICS
2.1. Basic techniques
2.1.a. Southern, Northern and Western blotting.
2.1.b. Autoradiography (explain the term)
2.2.Applications of recombinant DNA technology: Site
specific mutagenesis of DNA, Uses of DNA
polymorphism, STRS and VNTRS,DNA molecular testing for human genetic diseases(Only RFLP),DNA typing,gene therapy,Genetic engineering of plants and animals.
2.3. PCR - basic PCR and different types of PCR
(Reverse transcriptase PCR, Real time quantitative PCR )
2.4. Bioinformatics
2.4.a. Introduction
i. Definition, aims, tasks and applications of
Bioinformatics.
ii. Database, tools and their uses -
Importance, Types and classification of databases
Nucleic acid sequence databases - EMBL,
DDBJ, GenBank, GSDB, Ensembl and
specialized Genomic resources.
Protein sequence databases- PIR, SWISS- PROT,
TrEMBL NRL- 3D.Protein structure databases -
SCOP, CATH, PROSITE, PRINTS and BLOCKS. KEGG.
2.4.b. Brief introduction to Transcriptome, Metabolomics, Pharmacogenomics, Phylogenetic analysis, Phylogenetic tree, Annotation, 2.4.c. Sequence alignment -- global v/s local alignment,
FASTA, BLAST.
2.4.d. Genomics - structural, functional and comparative
genomics.
2.4.e. Proteomics - struc tural and functional proteomics. 15
2
4
2
7 15
UNIT III
BASIC VIROLOGY
3.1. Viral architecture -
3.1.a. Capsid, viral genome and envelope
3.1.b. Structure of TMV, T4, Influenza virus, HIV. 15
4
15
3.2. Viral classification
3.3. The viral replication cycle- attachment, penetration,
uncoating, types of viral genome and their replication,
assembly, maturation and release.
3.4. Cultivation of viruses - cell culture techniques,
embryonated egg, laboratory animals , Cell culture
methods:Equipment required f or animal cell
culture,Isolation of animal tissue
2
4
5
UNIT IV
ADVANCED VIROLOGY
4.1. Life cycle of T4 phage, TMV, Influenza Virus and HIV in detail
4.2. Visualization and enumeration of virus particles
4.2.a. Measurement of infectious units
i. Plaque assay
ii. Fluorescent focus assay
iii. Infectious center assay
iv. Transformation assay
v. Endpoi nt dilution assay.
4.2.b. Measurement of virus particles and their components
i. Electron microscopy
ii. Atomic force microscopy
iii. Haemagglutination
iv. Measurement of viral enzyme activity.
4.3. Regulation of lytic and lysogenic pathway of
lambda phage
4.4. Role of viruses in cancer: Imp
definations,charaeteristics of cancer cell,cancer multi step process,Homan DNA tumor viruses - EBV,Kaposis
sarcoma virus,Hepatitis B and C virus,Papiloma Virus.
4.5. Prions and viroids
15
5
3
3
2
2
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB -602 (Medical Microbiology
& Immunology:Part -II)
Learning objectives:
One of the most important areas of microbiology, medical microbiology encompasses the
aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis,
and treatment of various diseases that are enlisted in the syllabus. This course will h elp students
to build on the basic information regarding host defence mechanisms that they have gained in S. Y. B.Sc.
Immunology is an integral part of Medical Microbiology and t his course is designed for TYBSc
Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students have achieved a basic understanding of
Innate Immunity and Host Defence mechanisms. The course has been designed to help understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a logical
fashion. This includes our innate ability to defend against microorganisms (innate immunity);
should this first line of defence fail, how we can fight infections (acquired immunity); if we react excessively, what price we pay (hypersesitivity); and very importantly, can we prevent pathogens
from infecting us (vaccinantion).
Learning Outcomes: (Medical Microbiology)
Students should be able to-
• Give details of the virulence factors and other features of the pathogen
• Correlate these virulence factors with the pathogenesis and clinica l features of the disease
• Comment on the mode of transmission, epidemiology and therefore modes of prophylaxis
of these diseases
• Given a few key clinical features, identify the likely causative agent.
• Comment on the methods of diagnosis of the disease.
Learning Outcomes: ( Immunology): students should be able to -
• Understand the effector responses - Humoral Immunity & Cell Mediated Immunity and
differentiate between them
• Acquire an understanding of the role of immune system in disease:
o Unregulated respons e resulting in Hypersensitivity
• Understand the mechanism of Antigen -Antibody interaction & it’s significance in
diagnosis
• Apply the concept of immunity to prevention of disease by development of vaccines
USMB -602 : D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 602 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH
EMPHASIS ON CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT,
PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION.
1.1 Study of vector -borne infections Malaria
1.2 Study of sexually transmitted infectious
diseases
1.2.1 Syphilis
1.2.2 AIDS
1.2.3 Gonorrhoea
1.3 Study of central nervous system infectious diseases
1.3.1 Tetanus
1.3.2 Polio
1.3.3 Meningococcal meningitis 15
02 08
05 15
UNIT II
CHEMOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS
AGENTS
2.1.1 Attributes of an ideal chemotherapeutic
agent and related definitions
2.1.2 Selection and testing of antibiotics for
bacterial isolates by Kirby -Bauer method
2.2 Mode of action of antibiotics on-
2.2.1 Cell wall (Beta -lactams- Penicillin and
Cephalosporins, Carbapenems)
2.2.2 Cell Membrane (Polymyxin and Imidazole)
2.2.3 Protein Synthesis (Streptomycin,
Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol)
2.2.4 Nucleic acid (Quinolones, Nalidixic acid,
Rifamyicn)
2.2.5 Enzyme inhibitors (Sulfa drugs,
Trimethoprim)
2.3.1 List of common antibiotics used for treating viral, fungal and parasitic diseases.
2.3.2 New antibiotics
2.4 Mechanisms of drug resistance - Its evolution,
pathways and origin
15
02
09
01
03
15
UNIT III
HUMORAL RESPONSE,CELL MEDIATED
EFFECTOR RESPONSE, ANTIGEN-
ANTIBOBY REACTIONS
3.1. Humoral Response
3.1.1.Induction of Humoral response, Primary
and secondary responses
3.1.2.Germinal centers and antigen induced B
cell differentiation
3.1.3.Affinity maturation and somatic hyper
mutation, Ig diversity, class switching
3.1.4.Generation of plasma cells and memory
cells
3.2. Cell mediated effector response
3.2.1.Generation and target destruction by
Cytotoxic T c ells.
3.2.2.Killing mechanism of NK cells.
3.2.3.Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity
(ADCC)
3.3. Antigen -Antibody reactions
Precipitation, agglutination, passive
agglutination, agglutination inhibition,
Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme immunoassays (EIA), Immunofluorescence, western blot technique 15
05
03
07
15
UNIT IV VACCINES,
IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY,
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Vaccines
4.1.1 Active and passive immunization
4.1.2 Types of vaccines - Killed and
attenuated vaccines, Whole organism
vaccines, Purified macromolecules as vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines
4.1.3 Use of adjuvants in vaccine
4.1.4 New vaccine strategies
4.1.5 Ideal vaccine
4.1.6 Route of vaccine administration, Vaccination schedule, Failures in vaccination
4.2. Immunohaematology
4.2.1. Human blood group systems, ABO,
secretors and non secretors, Bombay
Blood group. Rhesus system and list of
other blood group systems.
4.2.2. Haemolytic disease of new born,
Coombs test.
4.3. Hypersensitivity
4.3.1. Coombs and Gells classification
4.3.2. Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity,
Mechanism and manifestation. 15
08 03 15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB- 603 (Microbial Biochemistry :Part- II)
Learning objectives:
There are a large number of macromolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and
nucleic acids which are catabolised by the living cells. Cells also bring about biosynthesis of
these macromolecules. Various enzymes play a major role in these biochemical reactions. These
enzymatic reactions are regulated. The learner must be made aware of the mechanisms of
catabolism, anabo lism as well as the regulation of this mechanism in the living cell. There are
prokaryotic cells which bring about photosynthesis to generate energy. Prokaryotic cells are also involved in metabolism of inorganic compounds.
This course is designed for TY BSc Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students
already have a basic understanding of macromolecules . The course will help students to
understand the metabolism of macromolecules as well as the regulation of metabolic reactions.
The students would also learn photosynthetic reactions in prokaryotic cells and metabolism of
inorganic compounds.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to -
• Understand the reactions involved in metabolism of lipids and hydrocarbons.
• Describe and explain protein catabolism as well as anabolic processes in the cell.
• Explain nucleic acid metabolism and recycl ing of nucleotides.
• Discuss the mechanism of regulation with regards to allosteric proteins, gene expression
as well as through other mechani sms like end produc t inhibition and covalent
modification.
• Describe prokaryotic photosynthesis with respect to photosynthetic pigments,
photochemical apparatus and light and dark reaction s.
• Describe metabol ism of inorganic compounds and L ithotrophy
USMB -603 : D ETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures /
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 603 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY PART II 2.5 Credits
(60lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
LIPID METABOLISM & CATABOLISM OF
HYDROCARBONS
1.1 General introduction to Lipids
1.1.1. Lipid s and their functions
1.1.2. Action of lipases on triglycerides /tripalmitate
1.1.3. Pho spholipids and their properties
1.1.4. Common phosphoglycerides in bacteria
1.2 Catabolism of Lipids
1.2.1.Oxidation of saturated fatty acid
- β oxidation pathway
- Energetics o f β oxidation of Palmitic acid
1.2.2. Oxidation of propionic acid.
1.2.3. Degradation of poly beta hydroxy butyrate
1.3 Anabolism of Lipids
1.3.1. Biosynthesis of straight chain even carbon
saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid)
1.3.2. Biosynthesis of phosphoglycerides in
bacteria
1.3.3. Biosynthesis of PHB
1.4 Catabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbons
1.4.1. Oxidation of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (n -alkane)
1.4.2. Omega oxidation pathway-
i) Pathway in Corynebacterium and
yeast
ii) Pathway inPseudomonas 15
02
05
06
02 15
UNIT II
METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC
ACIDS
2.1 Protein catabolism
2.1.1. Enzymatic degradation of proteins
2.1.2. Metabolic fate of amino acids (schematic
only) 2.1.3. Metabolism of single amino acids
– i. Deamination reactions
ii. Decarboxylation
iii. Transamination
2.1.4. Ferme ntation of single amino acid -
Glutamic acid by Clostridium glutamicum
2.1.5.Fermentation of pair of amino acids -
Stickland reaction
2.2 Anabolism of Proteins
2.2.1. Schematic representation of amino acid families
2.2.2. Synthesis of amino acids of Aspartate family
2.3 Nucleic acid Catabolism
2.3.1. Degradation of purine nucleotides up to
uric acid formation
2.3.2. Recycling of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides by salvage pathway
2.4 Anabolism of Nucleic Acids
2.4.1. Metabolic origin of atoms in purine and pyrimidine
ring.
2.4.2. Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides .
2.4.3. Biosy nthesis of purine nucleotides.
2.4.4. For mation of deoxyribonucleotides.
2.4.5. Synthesis of nucleotide diphosphates and
triphosphates .
2.4.6. Role of nucleotides (high energy triphosphates)
15
05
04
03
03 15
UNIT III
METABOLIC REGULATION
3.1Overview and major modes of regulation
Examples of c ellular control mechanism acting at
vario us levels of metabolism (tabulation only)
3.2 Allosteric proteins
3.2.1. Definition
3.2.2. Allosteric enzymes - Role of allosteric 15
01
03
15
enzymes using ATCase as example (no kinetic study)
3.2.3.Regulatory allosteric proteins
i. Interaction of proteins with DNA
ii. Structure of DNA Binding proteins
iii. Examples - Lac repressor, Trp r epressor, CAP
protein
iv.Definition and examples of alarmones
3.3 Regulation of gene expression (Transcription)
3.3.1. Introduction to operon model
3.3.2. Common patterns of regulation of transcription -
General concept of positive and negative regulation of
operons
i. Lac ope ron -
Mechanism of regulation - Induction
- Catabolite repression
ii. Trp operon - End Product Repression
- Attenuation
3.3.3. Regulation of gene expression
i. Multiple Sigma Factors
ii. Riboswitches
3.4 Regulation of enzyme activity (Post translational regulation)
3.4.1. End- Product Inhibition and Mechanism of End
Product Inhibition in branched pathways
with examples
i. Isofunctional enzymes
ii. Concerted feedback inhibition
iii. Sequential feedback inhibition
iv. Cumulative Feedback inhibition
v. Combined activation and inhibition
3.4.2. Covalent modification of enzymes
i. General examples without structures
ii. Monocyclic cascade &in terconvertable enzyme
definition
iii. Glutamin e synthetase system of E.coli
3.4.3. Regulation by proteolytic cleavage
3.5 Regulation of EMP and TCA
(Schematic and Role of Pryruvate dehydrogenase
Complex)
06
04
01
UNIT IV
PROKARYOTIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
INORGANIC METABOLISM
15
15
4.1 Prokaryotic photosynthesis
4.1.1. Early studies on photosynthesis
i. Light and dark reactions
ii. Bacterial photosynthesis
iii. Hill reaction
4.1.2. Phototrophic prokaryotes - Oxygenic,
Anoxygenicphototrophs examples only
4.1.3. Photosynthetic pigments
4.1.4. Location of photochemical apparatus
4.1.5. Photophosphorylation
4.1.6. Light reactions in
i. Purple photosynthetic bacteria
ii. Green sulphur bacteria
iii. Cyanobacteria (with details)
4.1.7. Dark reaction
i. Calvin Benson cycle
ii. Reductive TCA
4.2 Inorganic Metabolism
4.2.1. Assimilatory pathways -
i. Assimilation of nitrate,
ii. Ammonia fixation – Glutamate dehydrogenase,
Glutamine synthetase, GS -GOGAT, Carbamoyl
phosphate synthetase
iii. Biological nitrogen fixation (Mechanism for N
2
fixation and protection of nitrogenase)
iv. Assimilation o f sulphate
4.2.2. Dissimilatory pathways -
i. Nitrate as an electron acceptor
(Denitrification in Paracoccusdenitrificans )
ii. Sulphate as an electron acceptor
4.2.3. Lithotrophy – Enlist organisms and
products formed during oxidation of Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, Ammonia,
Nitrite, Sulphur, Iron. . 09
03
02
01
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB -604 ( Applied & Industrial
Microbiology)
Learning Objectives
Bioprocess Technology & Environmental Microbiologycourse is designed to develop the
learner’s ability to study the techniques used in the different phases of industrial microbiology
such as strain improvement, basic fermentation equipment & its sterilization aspects. It gives an
in depth focus of the different types of fermenters used in industry for production of different
products, and also emphasizes its process parameters. It includes the principles and describes the
main steps and proce sses in the industrial production of beverages and enzymes.The downstream
process and the environmental aspects of the final product are also included.
Industrial and Environmental Microbiology becomes an important application based paper
covering microbia l fermentations as well as applying the techniques of molecular biology to
enzyme technology, animal tissue culture as well as plant tissue culture. Thus, it becomes a laboratory to market scenario where the entire products reach. The learner is provided w ith the
details of productions of important products like antibiotics, vitamins, organic acid and enzymes along with the analysis techniques using various instruments and statistical tools.
The learner is expected to learn the need of Quality management and regulatory bodies as the products need to fulfill these requirements. Thus this paper readies the learner to understand and
apply the knowledge of fermentation technology and related products.This course aims to enable
graduates to enter industry with a n appropriate level of understanding of the need for both the
science and business aspects to be achi evable to make a viable product and enhance their
enterpreunial skills.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
• Understand the actual process involved in fermentations of important products.
• To apply the knowledge of applications of animal and plant tissue culture techniques.
• Learn the applications of enzymes in various fields.
• Understand the working of important instruments used in biochemical analysis and also
learn to analyze the results using statistical tools.
• Learn the salient features of quality management and regulatory procedures.
• Understand the commercial and economic aspects of applied microbiology.
USMB -604 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 604 APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY
2.5 Credits(60
Lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL
FERMENTATIONS : PART- 2
1.1. Penicillin& Semisynthetic Penicillin
1.2. Vitamin B12 from Propionibacterium &
Pseudomonas
1.3. Glutamic Acid (direct )
1.4. Citric acid
1.5 Mushroom
15
04 03
02 03 03 15
UNIT II
ADVANCES IN BIOPROCESSES
TECHNOLOGY:
2.1 Animal Cell Cultivation and applications
Animal Cell Lines, Methods of cultivation and establishment of cell lines, Animal cell culture fermenters, Large scale cultivation
procedures
2.2. Plant Tissue Culture
Methods of cultivation of organ culture, callus culture and cell suspension culture, Application in Agriculture (Disease resistant plants,
virus free plants) Horticulture (Micropropagation) Industry (secondary metabolites production),Transgenic plant (Insect resistant plants)
2.3 Enzyme Technology
Enzyme Immobilization methods,
Applications in therapeutic uses,
Analytical uses and Industrial uses
15
05
05
05 15
UNIT III
BIOINSTRUMENTATION&
BIOSTATISTICS
3.1.Bioinstrumentation – Principles, working
and applications of :
3.1.1 Spectrophotometry (I. R)
3.1.2Atomic absorption (AAS) & Atomic
Emission ( Flame photometry)
3.1.3 Radioisotopes and autoradiography
3.1.4 Microbiological Assays
3.2Biostatistics
Introduction to Biostatistics
Sample and Population
Data presentation: Dot diagram, Bar
diagram, Histogram, Frequency curve. Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode Summation, notations.
Standard Deviation, Variance, Q -Test, t -
test and F -test.
15
10
05 15
UNIT IV
QUALITY ASSURANCE & REGULATORY
PRACTICES :
4.1 Intellectual Property Rights:
Introduction to Intellectual Property
Genesis of IPR - GATT, WTO, TRIPS, The
World Intellectual Property Rights
Organization (WIPO) Types of Intellectual Property – Patents, Copyright, Trademark, Trade secret Plant varieties protection act, Designs, Geo graphical
Indications
Indian Patent office site -
http://www.ipindia.nic.in/
4.2 QA,QC,GMP :
Definitions - Manufacture, Quality, Quality
Control, In -Process Control, Quality
Assurance, Good Manufacturing Practices .Chemicals,Pharmaceuticals,
Chemicals & Pharmaceutical production
The five variables, In process Items, Finished Products, Labels and Labeling, Packaging
materials 15
07
04
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals (Semester -VI)
Course Code: USMBP07
[Practicals B ased on USMB601; Credits:1.5, Lectures: 60,Notional Periods -15]
1. Isolation of genomic DNA of E. coli and measurement of its concentration by UV -
VIS.
2. Enrichment of coliphages, phage assay (pilot & proper).
3. Restriction digestion of lambda phage /any plasmid DNA
4. Amplification of DNA by PCR and confirmation of it by gel electrophoresis [Demo.]
5. Western Blot. (Demo)
6. Bioinformatics practical
On Line Practical
i. Visiting NCBI and EMBL websites & list services available, software tools
available and databases maintained
ii. Visiting & exploring various databases mentioned in syllabus and a. Using BLAST and FASTA for sequence analysis
b. Fish out homologs for given specific sequences (by teacher – decide
sequence of some relevance to their syllabus and related to some biological problem e.g. evolution of a specific protein in bacteria, predicting function of unknown prote in from a new organism based on its
homology)
c. Six frame translation of given nucleotide sequence
d. Restriction analysis of given nucleotide sequence
e. Pair-wise alignment and multiple alignment of a given protein sequences
f. Formation of phylogenetic tree
7. Animal cell culture (demo)
Documentation,Regulations,Control of
Microbial contamination during manufacture,
Premises and contamination control ,Manufacture of sterile products,Clean and Aseptic Area
Important publications related to QA
4.3 Sterilization Control and Sterility Assurance:
Bio-burden determinations
Environmental monitoring Sterilization Monitors – Physical, Chemical and Biological
indicators
Sterility Testing
04
Course Code : USMBP07
[Practicals Based on USMB602; Credits -1.5,Lectures- 60,Notional Periods -15]
1. Acid fast staining of M.leprae
2. Identification of Candida species using the germ tube test and growth on Chrom agar
3. Demonstration of malarial parasite in blood films
4. Selection and testing of antibiotics using the Kirby- Bauer method
5. Determination of MBC of an antibiotic.
6. Blood grouping – Direct & Reverse typing
7. Coomb’s Direct test
8. Determination of Isoagglutinin titer
9. Demonstration experiments - Widal, VDRL
Course Code : USMBP08
[Practicals Based on USMB 603;Credits -1.5,Lectures- 60,Notional Periods -15]
1. To study catabolite re pression by diauxic growth curve.
2. Protein estimation by Lowry’s method
3. Estimation of uric acid
4. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Protease
5. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Lipase
6. Study of Hill reaction
7. Study of breakdown of amino acids – Lysine decarboxylase a nd Deaminase activity
8. Study of Lithotrophs – Nitrosification and Nitrification
Course Code: USMBP08
[Practicals B ased on USMB604; Credits:1.5, Lectures: 60,Notional Periods -15]
1. Bioassay of an antibiotic (Ampicillin / Penicillin)
2. Bioassay of Cyanocobalamin.
3. Immobilization of yeast cells for invertase activity - making of beads, Determination of
activity and count by haemocytometer.
4. Carrot explant culture.
5. Sterility testing of water for injection or DPT vaccine.
6. Chemical estimation of Penicillin
7. Biostatistics problem
Semester- VI : Text Books & Reference Books
USMB 601: Text books :
1. Peter J. Russell (2006), “Genetics -A molecular approach”, 2nd ed.
2. Benjamin A. Pierce (2008), “Genetics a conceptual approach”, 3rd ed., W. H.
Freeman and company.
3. R. H. Tamarin, (2004), “Principles of genetics”, Tata McGraw Hill..
4. M.Madigan, J.Martinko, J.Parkar, (2009), “Brock Biology of microorganisms”, 12th
ed., Pearson Education International.
5. Fairbanks and Anderson, (1999), “Genetics”, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
6. Prescott, Harley and Klein, “Microbiology”,. 7th edition Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
7. Edward Wagner and Martinez Hewlett, (2005) “Basic Virology”, 2nd edition,
Blackwell Publishing
8. Teri Shors,.(2009) , “Understanding viruses”, Jones and Bartlett publishers.
9. S.Ignacimuthu, (2005), “Basic Bioinformatics”, Narosa publishing house.
10. Robert Weaver, ( 2008), “Molecular biology”, , 3rd edn. Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
11. Primrose and Twyman, ( 2001), “Princip les of gene manipulation and genomics”, 6th
ed, Blackwell Publishing
12. Arthur Lesk, (2009), “Introduction to Bioinformatics”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University
Press
13. Snustad, Simmons, “Principles of genetics”, 3rd edn. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
14. A textbook of biotechnology R.C.Dubey 4 th ed.S.Chand.
Reference books:
1. Flint, Enquist, Racanillo and Skalka, “Principles of virology”, 2nd edn. ASM press.
2. T. K. Attwood & D. J. Parry- Smith, (2003), “Introduction to bioinformatics”, Pearson
education
3. Benjamin Lewin, ( 9 th edition ), “Genes IX”, , Jones and Bartlett publishers.
4. JD Watson, “Molecular biology of the gene”, 5th edn.
USMB602 :TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition, Lange publication
2. Bacterial Pathogenesis – A molecular approach Abigail Salyer And Dixie Whitt 2nd Ed
ASM press
3. Ananthanarayan and Panicker’s, Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition
4. Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition , W H Freeman and Company
5. Pathak & Palan, Immunology: Essential & Fundamental, 1st& 3rd Edition , Ca pital
Publishing Company
6. Fahim Khan, Elements of Immunology, Pearson Education
REFERENCES:
1. Baron Samuel , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition -
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/
2. Kuby Immunology, 7th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
3. http://www.macmillanlearning.com/catalog/static/whf/kuby/
USMB603 : TEXT BOOKS
1. Stanier, R. Y., M. Doudoroff and E. A. Adelberg. General Microbiology, 5th edition,
The Macmillan press Ltd
2. Conn, E.E., P. K. Stumpf, G. Bruening and R. Y. Doi. 1987. Outlines of Biochemistry,
5th edition, 1987. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
3. Gottschalk, G., (1985), Bacterial Metabolism, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag
4. White, D., (1995), The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, 3rd edition, Oxford
University Press
5. Nelson, D. L. and M.M. Cox (2005), Lehninger, Principles of biochemistry. 4th
edition, W. H. Freeman and Company.
6. Salle, A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, 7thedn McGraw Hill Book Co.
7. Cohen, G.N. (2011). Microbial Biochemistry. 2ndedn, Springer
8. Madigan, M.T. and J.M. Martinko 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Pearson
Prentice Hall;
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Zubay, G. L (1996), Biochemistry, 4th edition, Wm. C. Brown publishers
2. Zubay, G. L (1996), Principles of Biochemistry, Wm. C. Brown publishers
3. Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger, 5thednW. H. Freeman and Company
USMB 604 : TEXT BOOKS
1. Casida L. E., "Industrial Microbiology” 2009 Reprint, New Age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers, New Delhi
2. Stanbury P. F., Whitaker A. &HaII --S. J., 1997, "Principles of Fermentation
Technology", 2nd Edition, Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Crueger W. and Crueger A. 2000 "Biotechnology - "A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology", 2nd Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
4. R. C. Dubey, 2005 A Textbook of ‘’Biotechnology’’ S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi
5. H. A. Modi, 2009. ‘’Fermentation Technology’’ Vol: 1 & 2, Pointer Publ ications, India
6. Prescott and Dunn's ‘’Industrial Microbiology’’(1982) 4th Edition, McMillan Publishers
7. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques By C. R. Kothari, New Age
International, 2004
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Peppler, H. J. and Perlman, D. (1979), "Microbial Technology’’. Vol 1 & 2,
Academic Press.
2. Principles and application of Statistics in Biosciences byDrD.V.Kamat
(2012),MananPrakashan
Modality Of Assessment
Assessment pattern for theory
Scheme of Examination
The performance of the learners shall be evaluated into two components. The learner’s
Performance shall be assessed by Internal Assessment with 25% marks in the first component
& by conducting the Semester End Examinations with 75% marks in the second component.
The allocation of marks for the Internal Assessment and Semester End Examinations are as shown below: -
Internal Assessment - 25% 25 marks.
a) Theory 25 marks
Sr No Evaluation type Marks
1 One class Test* 20
2 Active participation in routine class instructional deliveries 05
Overall conduct as a responsible student, manners, skill in
articulation, leadership qualities demonstrated through
organizing co -curricular activities, etc.
Question Paper Pattern for Periodical Class Test for Courses at UG Programmes Written Class Test (20 Marks)
1. Match the Column / Fill in the Blanks / Multiple Choice Questions 05 Marks
(½ Marks each)
2. Answer in One or Two Lines (Concept based Questions) 05 Marks
(1 Mark each)
3. Answer in Brief (Attempt Any Two of the Three) 10 Marks
(5 Marks each)
Semester End Theory Assessment - 75% 75 marks
1. Duration - These examinations shall be of 2.5 hours duration.
2. Theory question paper pattern : -
i. There shall be five questions each of 15 marks (30 marks with
internal option)
ii. On each unit there will be one question & fifth question will be based on
entire syllabus.
iii. All questions shall be compulsory with internal choice within
the questions.
iv. Questions may be sub divided into sub questions as a, b, c, d, e & f etc &
the allocation of marks depends on the weightage of the topic.
Passing Standard:
The learners to pass a course shall have to obtain a minimum of 40% marks in
aggregate for each course where the course consists of Internal Assessment and Semester End Examination. The learners shall obtain minimum of 40% marks (i.e.
10 out of 25) in the Internal Assessment and 40% marks in Semester End
Examination (i.e. 30 out of 75) separately , to pass the course and minimum of
Grade E in each project, wherever applicable, to pass a particular semester. A
learner will be said to have passed the course if the learner passes the Internal
Assessment and Semester End Examination together.
Practical Examination Pattern:
(A)Internal Examination:-
There will not be any internal examination/ evaluation for practicals.
(B) External (Semeste r end practical examination) : -
Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1. Laboratory work 40
2. Journal 05
3. Viva 05
Semester V:
The students are required to present a duly certified journal for appearing at the practical
examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate should be obtaine d from Head
of the Department/ Co -ordinator of the department ; failing which the student will not be
allowed to appear for the practical examination.
Semester VI
The students are required to present a duly certified journal for appearing at the practic al
examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate should be obtained from Head
of the Department/ Co -ordinator of the department ; failing which the student will not be
allowed to appear for the practical examination.
Overall Examination and Marks Distribution Pattern
Semester V
Course USMB -
501 USMB -
502 USMB -
503 USMB -
504 Grand
Total
Int
ern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inte
rnal Exter
nal Tot
al Intern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inter
nal Exter
nal Tota
l
Theory 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 400
Practical
s - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 200
Semester VI
Course USMB -
601 USMB -
602 USMB -
603 USMB -
604 Grand
Total
Int
ern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inte
rnal Exter
nal Tot
al Intern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inter
nal Exter
nal Tota
l
Theory 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 400
Practical
s - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 200
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals : Semester -V
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals : Semester -VI
Course code
Practical Syllabus
Credits & lectures
USMBP05 Based on USMB501 and USMB502 of
Semester V Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
USMBP06 Based on USMB503 and USMB504 of
Semester V Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
Course code
Practical Syllabus
Credits & lectures
USMBP07 Based on USMB601 and USMB602 of
Semester VI Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
USMBP08 Based on USMB603 and USMB604 of
Semester VI Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
COURSE WISE CREDIT ASSIGNMENT UNDER THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Program: B.Sc.
Course: Microbiology (USMB)
Course wise
credit
assignments under
the faculty of science
Type of Courses /
Credits
Assigned First Year
(Credit x No. of
Courses ) Second Year
(Credit x No. of
Courses ) Third Year
(Credit x No. of Courses ) Total
Credit
Value
First
Semester Second
Semester Third
Semester Fourth
Semester Fifth
Semester Sixth
Semester
Core Courses
(Theory) 04x03 04x03 06x02 06x02 2.5x04 2.5x04 68
Core Courses
(Practicals) 02x03 02x03 03x02 03x02 1.5x04 1.5x04 36
Foundation
course 02x01 02x01 02x01 02x01 08
Applied
Component
Courses (Theory) 02x01 02x01 04
Applied
Component
Courses (Practical) 02x01 02x01 04
Total 20 20 20 20 20 20 120