AC Item No.
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Revised Syllabus for T.Y.B.Sc.
Program: B.Sc.
Course : Microbiology(USMB)
(Credit Based Semester and Grading System with
effect from the academic year 2016–2017)
PREAMBLE
With the introduction of Credit Based Se mester & Grading System (CBSGS) and
continuous evaluation consisting of componen ts of Internal Assessment & External
Assessment by the esteemed University from the aca demic year 2011-12 at
F.Y.B.Sc.level,the earlier existing syllabus of F.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology was restructured
according to the CBSGS pattern for implementation from 20 11-12.Likewise the existing
syllabi of S.Y.B.Sc.and T.Y. B.Sc. Microbiology were re structured as per the CBSGS
pattern for their implementation fro m 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively.
The existing syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc.and S.Y.B. Sc. Microbiology were due for revision and
for it’s implementation from th e academic year 2014-15 and 2015-16 respectively. Now
it is the existing syllabus of T.Y.B.Sc. Micr obiology which was due for revision as per
the CBSGS pattern and for it’s implemen tation from the academic year 2016-17.
Keeping in tune with the re vised syllabi of F.Y.B.Sc. an d S.Y.B.Sc., the sub-committee
has taken utmost care to maintain the continu ity in the flow of information of higher level
at T.Y.B.Sc.Hence some of the modules of the earlier syllabus of T.Y.B.Sc.have been
upgraded with the new modules in order to make the learners aware about the recent
developments in various branches of Micr obiology (like Microbial Genetics, Molecular
Biology, Virology, Medical Microbiology, Immunology, Microbial Biochemistry,
Industrial Microbiology, Micr obial Biotechnology) with an objective to raise the students
awareness in interdisci plinary courses such as Biostatistics, Biophysics, Bioinformatics ,
Computational Biochemistry, Bioinstrum entation, Nanoscience and Astrobiology.
All the 08 courses of theory and practical s (Semester-V & Semester-VI together) are
compulsory to the students offering microb iology as a single major subject (6 units
pattern of the old course).These courses are :-
1. USMB501and USMB601
2. USMB502 and USMB602
3. USMB503 and USMB603
4. USMB504 and USMB604
However,students opting for double major subj ect (3 units pattern of old course) shall
have following 04 courses of theory and pr acticals (Semester-V & Semester-VI together)
compulsory:-
1. USMB501 and USMB601
2. USMB502 and USMB602
I am thankful to co-conveners and all the me mbers of our sub-committees for their great
efforts and for timely submission of the draft syllabus.
T. Y. B. Sc. MICR OBIOLOGY THEORY
SEMESTER-V
COURSE
CODE TITLE CREDITS AND
LECTURES/SEM
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I DNA REPLICATION 15 lectures
Unit II MUTATION AND REPAIR 15 lectures
Unit III HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION &GENETIC
EXCHANGE 15 lectures
Unit IV PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS 15 lectures
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY :
PART-I 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES 15 Lectures
Unit II STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS ON
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION. 15 Lectures
Unit III GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY-I 15 Lectures
Unit IV GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY-II 15 Lectures
USMB503 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY : PART- I 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES & TRANSPORT 15 Lectures
Unit II BIOENERGETICS & BIOLUMINESCENCE 15 Lectures
Unit III METHODS OF STUDYING M ETABOLISM 15 Lectures
N.B.- (I) Each theory period shall be of 48 minutes duration.Theory
component shall have 240 instructional p eriods plus 240 notional periods per
semester which is equal to 384 learni ng hours.For theory component the value
of One Credit is equal to 38.40 learning hours.
(II) Each practical period shall be of 48 minutes duration.Practical component
shall have 240 instructional periods plus 60 notional periods per semester
which is equal to 240 learning hours.Fo r practical component the value of One
Credit is equal to 40 learning hours.
&CATABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
Unit IV FERMENTATIVE PATHW AY& ANABOLISM OF
CARBOHYDRATES 15 Lectures
USMB504 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. 2.5 credits
(60 Lectures)
Unit I UPSTREAM PROCESSING 15 lectures
Unit II FERMENTER EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL: 15 lectures
Unit III DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING & ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS 15 lectures
Unit IV TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS :
PART-I 15 lectures
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology Theory : USMB-501(Microbial Genetics)
Learning Objectives:
Microbial Genetics isan undergraduate T.Y. B. Sc. Microbiology coursethat deals with both
conceptual and practicaltools for generating, processing and understanding biological genetic
information. It develops knowledge of the underlying th eories of genetics which exhibits a
broad understanding of genetic exchange among prokaryotes.It also gives students hands-on
competence in fundamental molecular biology th eories and laboratory te chniques.It gives an
overview of recombinant DNA technology and biot echnology applications utilising genetic
manipulation.It also provides practical experience of the major analytical techniques used in
bioinformatics.It also deals with basic structure and life cycle of different types of viruses and
explains different terminologies like cancer, prions, viriods and their mechanism.This course will
help students to build on the basic information re garding DNA structure tran scription, translation
and genetic code that they ha ve gained in S. Y. B.Sc.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
Understand the molecular mechan ism involved in DNA replication
Understand how to identify and classify mutations in DNA followed bymechanism of
DNA repair
Understand basic concepts of homologous recombination and genetic exchange among
prokaryotes
Understand natural plasmids and tr ansposons present in prokaryotes
Understand an account of prokaryotic ge ne structure and the mechanisms controlling
gene expression
USMB-501: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB501 MICROBIAL GENETICS 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
DNA REPLICATION
1.1. Historical perspective — conservative, dispersive,
semi-conservative, Bidirectional and semi-discontinuous 1.2. Prokaryotic DNA replication – Details of
molecular mechanism involved in Initiation, Elongation nd Termination 1.3. Enzymes and proteins associated with DNA
replication - primase, helicase, topoisomerase, SSB,
DNA polymerases, ligases, Ter and Tus proteins
1.4. Eukaryotic DNA replication-- Molecular details
of DNA synthesis, replic ating the ends of the
chromosomes
1.5. Rolling circle mode of replication
15 Lectures
4 Lectures 4 Lectures 4 Lecture
2 Lecture
1 Lectures
15
UNIT II
MUTATION AND REPAIR
2.1. Mutation
2.1.a. Terminology: alleles, homozygous,
heterozygous, genotype, phe notype, Somatic mutation,
Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation, phenotypic lag, hot spots and mutator genes
2.1.b. Fluctuation test. 2.1.c. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse
mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution,
transition, transversion, mi ssense mutation, nonsense
mutation, silent mutation, ne utral mutation, pleiotropic
mutations. 15 Lectures
1 Lectures 1 Lecture 1 Lectures 15
2.1.d. Causes of mutation: Natural/spontaneous
mutation--replication error, depurination, deamination.
Induced mutation: principle and mechanism with illustrative diagrams for – i. Chemical mutagens- base analogues, nitrous acid, hydroxyl amine, intercalati ng agents and alkylating
agents. ii. Physical mutagen iii. Biological mutagen(only examples) 2.1.e. Ames test 2.1.f. Detection of mutants
2.2. DNA Repair
a. Mismatch repair,
b. Light repair c. Repair of alkylation damage d. Base excision repair e. Nucleotide excision repair f. SOS repair
5 Lectures
1 Lectures 1 Lectures 5 Lectures
UNIT III
GENETIC EXCHANGE
3.1. Gene transfer mechanisms in bacteria& homologous recombination
3.1.a. Transformation
i. Introduction and History
ii. Types of transformation in prokaryotes--Natural
transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus
influenzae, and Bacillus subtilis
iii. Mapping of bacterial genes using
transformation.
iv. Problems based on transformation.
3.2.b. Conjugation
i. Discovery of conjugation in
bacteria
ii. Properties of F plasmid/Sex factor
iii. The conjugation machinery
iv. Hfr strains, their formation and mechanism of
conjugation
v. F’ factor, origin and behavior of F’ strains,
Sexduction.
vi. Mapping of bacterial genes using conjugation 15 Lectures
4 Lectures 5 Lectures 15
(Wolman and Jacob experiment).
vii. Problems based on conjugation
3.3.c.Transduction
i. Introduction and discovery
ii. Generalised transduction
iii. Use of Generalised transduction for mapping
genes
iv. Specialised transduction
v. Problems based on transduction
3.4. Recombination in bacteria
3.4.a. General/Homologous recombination
i. Molecular mechanism
ii. Holliday model of recombination
b. Site –specific recombination
3 Lectures
3 Lectures
UNIT IV
PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS & OPERONS
(REGULATION)
4.1.Plasmids
a. Physical nature b.Detection and isolatio n of plasmids
c. Plasmid incompatibility and Plasmid curing d. Cell to cell transfer of plasmids e. Types of plasmids
i. Resistance Plasmids,
ii. Plasmids encoding Toxins and other Virulence
characteristics
iii. col factor
iv. Degradative plasmids
4.2.Transposable Elements in Prokaryotes
a. Insertion sequences
b. Transposons
i. Types
ii. Structure and properties
iii. Mechanism of
transposition
iv. Transposon mutagenesis
c. Integrons
4.3. Lac operon and problems on Lac operon
Trp operon 15 Lectures
4 Lecture 4 Lectures 7 Lectures 15
T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology Theory:
USMB-502 (Medical Microbiology &Immunology: Part-I)
Learning objectives:
One of the most important areas of microbiology, medical microbiology encompasses the
aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical ma nifestations, laborator y diagnosis, prophylaxis,
and treatment of various diseases that are enlisted in the syllabus. This cour se will help students
to build on the basic information regarding host defe nce mechanisms that they have gained in S.
Y. B.Sc.Immunology is an integral part of Medical Microbiology a nd this course is designed for
T.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students have achieved a basic
understanding of Innate Immunity and Host Defe nce mechanisms. The course has been designed
to help understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a
logical fashion. This includes our innate abil ity to defend against microorganisms (innate
immunity); should this first line of defence fail, how we can fight infections (acquired
immunity); if we react excessively, what price we pay (hypersesitivity); and very importantly,
how we can prevent pathogens from infecting us (vaccinantion).
Learning Outcomes: (Medical Microbiology) Students should be able to-
Give details of the virulence factor s and other features of the pathogen
Correlate these virulence factors with the pathogenesis and clin ical features of the disease
Comment on the mode of transmission, epid emiology and therefore modes of prophylaxis
of these diseases
Given a few key clinical features, identify the likely causative agent.
Comment on the methods of diagnosis of the disease.
Learning Outcomes: ( Immunology) Should be able to -
Conceptualize how the innate and adaptive immune responses coordinate to fight
invading pathogens
Discuss the role of antigen in initiating the immune response
Correlate the structure & f unctions of immunoglobulin
Understand the importance of a ll the other en tities involved ie T cells, B cells, NK cells,
APCs, Cytokines, MHC, TcR, BcR, Co-receptors, Signalling pathways etc
USMB-502: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB502 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY 2.5
Credits (60 lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVASION AND
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES
1A. Study of virulence mechanisms in bacteria
1.1. Identifying bacteria that cause disease
1.2. Genomics and bacterial pathogenicity
1.2.1. The clonal nature of bacterial pathogens
1.2.2. Mobile genetic elements
1.2.3. Pathogenicity islands
1.3. Bacterial virulence factors
1.3.1. Adherence factors
1.3.2. Invasion of host cells and tissues
1.3.3. Toxins
1.3.3.1. Exotoxins
1.3.3.2. Exotoxins associated with diarrhoeal
diseases and food poisoning
1.3.3.3. LPS of gram negative bacteria
1.3.4. Enzymes
1.3.4.1. Tissue degrading enzymes
1.3.4.2. IgA1 proteases
1.3.5. Antiphagocytic factors
1.3.6. Intracellular pathogenicity
1.3.7. Antigenic heterogeneity
1.3.8. The requirement for iron
1.3.9. The role of biofilms
15
01
01
03 15
1B. Study of A Few Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory Tract with Emphasis on Cultural Characteristics of the Aetiological Agent, Pathogenesis & clinical features, Laboratory Diagnosis And Prevention
1.1. S. pyogenes infections
1.2. Diphtheria
1.3. Common cold
1.4. Tuberculosis
1.5. Pneumonia caused by K .pneumoniae
10
UNIT II
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS
ON CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS &
CLINICAL FEATURES, LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION.
2.1 Study of skin infections
2.1.1 Leprosy
2.1.2 Fungal infections- Oral Thrush 2.1.3 Pyogenic skin infections caused by Pseudomonas
and S. aureus.
2.2 Study of gastrointestinal tract infections
2.2.1 Enteric fever- Salmonella
2.2.2 Shigellosis 2.2.3 Rotavirus diarrhoea 2.2.4 Dysentery due to Entamoebahistolytica
2.2.5 Infections due to Enteropathogenic E.coli strains
2.3 Study of urinary tract infections 15
05
08
02
15
UNIT III : GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY-I
3.1. Antigens
3.1.1.Immunogenicity versus antigenicity
3.1.2.Factors that influence immunogenicity –
foreignness, molecular size, chemical composition, heterogenicity, ability to be processed and presented, contribution of the biological system to immunogenicity – genotype of the recipient, animal, immunogen dosage, route of administrati on and adjuvants
3.1.3.Epitopes / antigen determinants (only concepts) 3.1.4.Haptens and antigenicity 3.1.5.Immunogenicity of some natural substances –
native globular proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids Types of antigens – heterophile antigens, isophile antigens, sequestered antigens, super antigens, bacteria l and viral antigens
3.2. Immunoglobulins
3.2.1. Immunoglobulins – basic and fine structure
3.2.2.Immunoglobulin classes and biological activities
3.2.3.Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins –
isotypes, allotypes, idiotypes
3.2.4.Immunoglobulin Superfamily 15
05
07
15
3.2.5.Monoclonal antibodies, Production
(Diagrammatically) & applications
3.3. T Cells, B cells and NK Cells
3.4. Antigen presenting cells
Antigen presentation- professional and non-
professional cells and processing pathways, (Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway)
01
02
UNIT IV : GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY- II
4.1. Cytokines
4.1.1. Properties and functions
4.1.2. Cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells
4.2. MHC complex and MHC molecules
4.2.1. Structure of class I, and class II molecules;
class III molecules
4.2.2. Peptide – MHC interaction
4.3. T cells
4.3.1. Receptors, structure (alpha-beta, gamma-delta
TcR)
4.3.2. TcR-CD3 complex structure & functions.
Accessory molecules.
4.3.3. Subsets of T cells ( Th1, Th2, T reg)
4.3.4. T cell activation, Costimulatory molecules, T
cell differentiation (memory & effector cell)
4.4. B cells
4.4.1. Receptors----structure & organization
4.4.2. B cell activation and differentiation –
i)Thymus dependent and independent antigens,
ii) B cell activating signals, iii) Role of Th cells in Humoral response, formation of T – B conjugates, CD40 / CD40L interaction, Th cell cytokine signals.
15
02
03
05
05 15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory :
USMB-503 (Microbial Biochemistry : Part-I)
Learning objectives:
This course is designed for T.Y.B.Sc. Micr obiology students in orde r that the students
achieve a basic understanding of solute transp ort and metabolism. The course has been
designed to expose students to methods of studying energy generation, fermentative
metabolism as well as anabolism. There has been a lot of importance attached to biochemical reactions in living cells. The
student must be exposed to the mechanism of solute transport and methods to study the
same. The students are already exposed to laws of thermodynamics in the lower
level,however, they should be made aware of the electron transport chain in Procaryotes
and Mitochondria. ATP synthesis and anabolic mechanisms need to be explained to the
students to understand the break down of mono, di and oligosac charides. The students will
also be exposed to the fermentative pathways and anabolic reactions.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
Understand the architecture of the membrane and how solute is transported inside the
cell.
Describe and explain the elec tron transport chains in proka ryotes and mitochondria and
understand the mechanism of ATP synthesis.
Explain bioluminescence mechanism and its significance
Discuss the experimental aspect of studyi ng catabolism and anabolism and the various
pathways for the breakdown of carbohydrat es along with reactions in amphibolic
pathways.
Describe various other pathways which produce different end products.
Describe anabolic reactions in carbohydrate synthesis.
Apply the concepts of energetics and catabo lism in biodegradation of various substrates.
USMB-503: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 503 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY:(Part- I)
2.5 Credits
(60
lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES &
TRANSPORT
1.1 Composition and architecture of membrane
1.1.1. Lipids
1.1.2. Integral & peripheral proteins & interactions
with lipids
1.1.3. Permeability and outer membrane- a barrier
1.1.4. Aquaporins
1.1.5. Mechanosensitive channels
1.2 Methods of studying solute transport
1.2.1. Using whole cells
1.2.2. Using Liposomes 1.2.3. Using Proteoliposome
1.3 Solute transport across membrane
1.3.1. Passive transport facilitated by membrane
proteins. 1.3.2. Transporters grouped into Superfamilies 1.3.3. Co transport across plasma membrane (Uniport, Antiport, Symport) 1.3.4. Active transport & electrochemical gradient 1.3.5. Ion gradient provides energy for secondary activetransport eg. Lactose transport 1.3.6. ATPases and transport 1.3.7. ABC transporters e .g. Histidine transport
1.3.8. Shock sensitive system – Role of binding
proteins e.g. Maltose uptake
1.3.9. Phosphotransferase system
1.3.10.Schematic representation of various Membrane transport mechanisms in E. coli
1.4 Other examples of solute transport -
1.4.1. Iron transpor t : A special problem
1.4.2. Bacterial protein export 1.4.3. Bacterial membrane fusion central to many biological processes 15
02
02
08
03 15
UNIT II
BIOENERGETICS AND
BIOLUMINESCENCE.
2.1. Biochemical mechanism of generating ATP -
Substrate level, Oxidative, and Photo Phosphorylation
2.2 Electron transport chain
2.2.1. Universal Electron acceptors that transfer
electrons to ETC. 2.2.2. Carriers in ETC i. Hydrogen carriers – Flavoproteins, Quinones
ii. Electron carriers – Iron sulphur proteins,
Cytochromes 2.2.3. Mitochondrial ETC i. Biochemical anatomy of mitochondria ii. Complexes in Mitochondrial ETC iii.Schematic representation of Mitochondrial ETC
2.3 Prokaryotic ETC
2.3.1. Organization of electron carriers in bacteria
2.3.2. Generalised el ectron transport pathway in
bacteria 2.3.3. Different terminal oxidases 2.3.4. Branched bacterial ETC 2.3.5. Pattern of electron flow in E. coli - aerobic
and anaerobic 2.3.6. Pattern of electron flow in Azotobacter
vinelandii
2.4. ATP synthesis
2.4.1. Explanation of terms – Proton motive force,
Proton pump, Coupling sites, P:O ratio, Redox potential 2.4.2. Free energy released during electron transfer from NADH to O
2.
2.4.3. Chemiosmotic theory
2.4.4. Structure & func tion of Mitochondrial ATP
synthase ( No Kinetics)
2.4.5. Mechanism by Rotational catalysis 2.4.6. Structure of bacterial ATP synthase 2.4.7. Inhibitors of ETC, Inhibitors of ATPase, Uncouplers, Ionophores
2.5 Other modes of genera tion of electrochemical 15
Revision
04
03
03
03
15
energy
2.5.1. ATP hydrolysis
2.5.2. Oxalate formate exchange 2.5.3.End product efflux, Defin ition- Lactate efflux
2.5.4. Bacteriorhodopsi n - Definition, Significance,
Function as proton pump,
2.6 Bioluminescence
2.6.1. Brief survey of bioluminescent systems
2.6.2. Biochemistry of light emission
2.6.3. Schematic diagram 2.6.4. Significance / Application
UNIT III
METHODS OF STUDYING METABOLISM
& CATABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
3.1.Experimental Analysis of metabolism
3.1.1. Goals of the study
3.1.2. Levels of organization at which metabolism
is studied.
3.1.3. Metabolic probes
3.1.4. Use of radioisotopes in biochemistry
i. Pulse labeling ii. Assay & study of radiorespirometry – to
differentiate EMP & ED
3.1.5. Use of biochemical mutants.
3.1.6. Sequential induction technique
3.2. Catabolism of Carbohydrates
3.2.1. Breakdown of polysaccharides – glycogen,
starch, cellulose.
3.2.2. Breakdown of oligosaccharides– lactose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose 3.2.3. Utilization of monosaccharides – fructose, Galactose.
3.2.4. Major pathways-
i. Glycolysis (EMP) ii.HMP Pathway & Significance of the pathway iii. ED pathway, iv. TCA cycle & Significance of the cycle v. Anaplerotic reactions
vi. Glyoxylate bypass,
vii. Incomplete TCA in anaerobic bacteria
3.3 Amphibolic role of EMP and TCA cycle 02
15
03
10
15
3.4 Energetics of Glycolysis, ED and TCA pathway –
Balance sheet only(No efficiency calculation)
UNIT IV
FERMENTATIVE PATHWAY&
ANABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
4.1 Fermentative pathways
(With structures and enzymes)
4.1.1. Lactic acid fermentation – i. Homofermentors ii. Heterofermentors iii. Bifidobacterium pathway (Schematic) 4.1.2. Alcohol fermentation i. by ED pathway in bacteria ii. by EMP in yeasts
4.2 Other modes of fermentations in microorganisms
4.2.1. Mixed acid,
4.2.2. Butanediol
4.2.3. Butyric acid 4.2.4. Butanol-acetone 4.2.5. Propionic acid (Acrylate pathway and succinate propionate pathway)
4.3 Anabolism of Carbohydrates
4.3.1. General pattern of me tabolism leading to
synthesis of a cell from Glucose 4.3.2. Gluconeogenesis (Mitochondrial aspect not included) 4.3.3. Biosynthesis of Glycogen
4.3.4. Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan
01
01
15
04
05
06
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB‐504 (Bioprocess Technology &
Environmental Microbiology)
Learning Objectives
Bioprocess Technology & Environmental Microbi ology course is designed to develop the
learner’s ability to study the techniques used in the different phases of industrial microbiology
such as strain improvement, basic fermentation equi pment & its sterilization aspects. It gives an
in depth focus of the different types of fermen ters used in industry fo r production of different
products, and also emphasizes its pr ocess parameters. It includes th e principles and describes the
main steps and processes in the industrial pr oduction of beverages and enzymes.The downstream
process and the environmental aspects of the final product are also included.
Industrial and Environmental Microbiology beco mes an important application based paper
covering microbial fermentations as well as a pplying the techniques of molecular biology to
enzyme technology, animal tissue culture as well as plant tissue culture. Thus, it becomes a
laboratory to market scenario where the entire products reach. The learner is provided with the
details of productions of important products like antibiotics, vitamins, organic acid and enzymes
along with the analysis techniques using vari ous instruments and statistical tools.
The learner is expected to learn the need of Quality management and regulatory bodies as the
products need to fulfill these requirements. Thus this paper readies the le arner to understand and
apply the knowledge of fermenta tion technology and related products.
This course aims to enable graduates to enter i ndustry with an appropria te level of understanding
of the need for both the science and business aspects to be achiev able to make a viable product
and enhance their enterpreunial skills.
Learning Outcomes: Student s should be able to-
Describe the applications of microbes an d its strain improvement in Industrial
Microbiology.
Apply kinetic formula to determine growth and productivity parame ters of batch and
continuous fermentations
Describe the design of bioreacto rs for different applications and its process parameters
Design media, growth conditions and techni ques for producing and recovering different
types of products of commercial value
Design an industrial process by keeping in view the strict guidelines for its recovery &
disposal
Learner will be well –versed with the envi ronmental aspects such as carbon credits &
containment levels.
Learn to develop the corrective measures fo r dealing with the e nvironmental pollution
and its consequences.
USMB-504: DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code
Title
Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 504 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. 2.5
CREDITS
(60
LECTURES) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
UPSTREAM PROCESSING :
1.1 Strain Improvement of industrial
microorganisms
Selection of induced mutants
Selection of mutants with altered permeabilility Isolation of mutants not producing Feed Back
Inhibitors or Feed Back re pressors (All Methods –Only
one example)
Use of auxotrophs for production of primary metabolites. Example aspartate family. Isolation of mutants that do not recognize the presence
of inhibitors & repressors with example(Gradient plate
–Lysine) Isolation of auxotrophic mu tants example-(Penicillin-
Davies technique &M inaturized tech)
Isolation of induced mutants for secondary metabolites. Isolation of resi stant mutants.
Isolation of revertant mutants.
1.2 Sterilization
Introduction. Media sterilization (Concept of nabla factor) ,
Design of batch sterilization. Methods of batch sterilization,- Design of continuous sterilization, Methods – Heat 15L
10
5
15
UNIT II
FERMENTER EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL
2.1.Design of fermenter
Scale Up, Basic functions of fermenter,- Aseptic
operation & containment ,Body construction, Aeration and agitation:Agitators, Stirrer glands & bearing, Mechanical seals(Names & Functions ,no
diagrams), Magnetic Drive, - Baffles, Sparger:
porous, orifice; nozzle; combined. Achievement & maintenance of ascetic condition,
15
10
15
Valves / Steam traps - function in general &
examples.
Types of fermenters:Acetator, Cavitator, Tower fermenter, Cylindro conical , Air lift – outer loop /
inner loop, Deep jet, Cycl one column, Packed tower
(generator), Rotating disc, Bubble cap.
2.2 Instrumentation & Control of variables
Introduction, Types of sensors, Sensing & Control
of- pH, temp, Dissolved oxygen, Flow measurement
&control, Pressure, Inlet / Exit gas analysis, Foam sensing, Oxygen
5
UNIT III
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING &
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS :
3.1.Downstream processing
Recovery & Purification of fermentation products
Introduction, Precipitatio n, Filtration - theory,
filter-aids, batch filters(Plate and frame filters), continuous filters.(Rotary vaccum),Centrifugation : flocculating agent, range of centrifuges - Basket,
tubular bowl. Cell disruption: Physico-chemical. Liquid – Liquid extraction, Solvent recovery,
Chromatography –Ion exchange & Adsorption
Membrane processes – U ltrafiltration, reverse
osmosis, liquid membranes.Drying , Crystallization ,Whole broth processing.
3.2 .Environmental aspects
3.2.1 Effluent treatment
3.2.2. Carbon Credits - Environmental Degradation issues and challenges
15
10
5
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals (Semester-V)
Course code: USMBP05
[Practicals Based on USMB501,Credits - 1.5,Lectures- 60, Notional Periods-15]
1. UV survival curve – determination of exposure time leading to 90% reduction
2. Isolation of mutants using UV mutagenesis
3. Replica plate technique for se lection & characterization of mutants – auxotroph & antibiotic
resistant
4. Isolation and detec tion of plasmid DNA.
5. Preparation of competent cells and transformation
6. Diauxic Growth and beta galactosidase assay
Course code : USMBP05
[Practicals Based on USMB502,Credits -1.5,Lectures-60, Notional Periods-15]
1. Illustration of the role of plasmids in an tibiotic resistance through curing of the plasmid
2. Study of iron sequestration- siderophore production in Pseudomonas spp.
3. Determination of mannose resistant haemagglut ination as an indication for presence of P
fimbriae in uropathogenic E.coli strains.
4. Acid fast staining of M. tuberculosis.
5. To determine SLO and SLS activity of S .pyogenes
6. Serological identification of enteropathogenic E.coli
7. Identification of isolates obtained from nasal sw abs, skin swab, pus, sputum, stool and urine
by morphological, cultural and biochemical properties.
8. Antigen Preparation: O & H antigen prepar ation of Salmonella. Confirmation by slide
agglutination
Course Code: USMBP06 UNIT IV
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL
FERMENTATIONS :PART-I
4.1. Beer –Ale and Lager
4.2. Wine –Red and white & Champagne
4.3. Vinegar (acetator& Generator)
4.4. Alcohol from molasses
4.5. Baker's yeast
4.6. Fungal amylase by solid substrate fermentation 15
3
3 3
2
2 2
15
[Practicals Based on USMB503;Credits- 1.5,Lectures- 60, Notional Periods-15]
1. Isolation and study of Bioluminescent organisms
2. Study of oxidative and fermentative metabolism
3. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Phosphatase
4. Detection of organic acids by TLC
5. Study of Home and Heterofermentation
6. Isolation and detecti on of Mitochondria
7. Glucose detection by GOD/POD
8. Galactose transport in yeasts
Course code: USMBP06
[Practicals Based on USMB504,Credits - 1.5,Lectures- 60, Notional Periods-15]
1. Alcohol tolerance for yeast.
2. Sugar tolerance for yeast. 3. Alcohol fermentation.-Efficiency of fermentation 4. Chemical estimation –Sugar by Cole’s 5. Chemical estimation –Alcohol 6. Gradient plate technique fo r analogue resistant mutants.
7. Production of amylase- detection, sh ake flask or solid substrate cul tivation and stimation.
(Qualitative)
Semester V:Text Books and Reference Books
USMB501: Text books
1. Peter J. Russell (2006), “Gene tics-A molecular approach”, 2nd ed.
2. Benjamin A. Pierce (2008), “Gene tics a conceptual approach”, 3rd ed., W. H.
Freeman and company.
3. R. H. Tamarin, (2004), “Principles of genetics”, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. D,.Nelson and M.Cox, (2005), “Lehninger’ s Principles of biochemistry”, 4th ed.,
Macmillan worth Publishers.
5. M.Madigan, J.Martinko, J.Parkar, (2009) , “Brock Biology of microorganisms”, 12th
ed., Pearson Education International.
6. Fairbanks and Anderson, (1999), “Genetic s”, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
7. Prescott, Harley and Klein, “Microbiology”,. 7th edition Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
8. Robert Weaver, “Molecular biology”, , 3r d edn. Mc Graw Hill international edition.
9. Nancy Trun and Janine Trempy, (2004), “Funda mental bacterial genetics”, Blackwell
Publishing
10. Snustad, Simmons, “Principles of genetics”, 3rd edn. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
USMB501:Reference books:
1. Benjamin Lewin, “Genes IX”, , Jones and Bartlett publishers.
2. JD Watson, “Molecular biology of the gene”, , 5th edn.
USMB502:Text books:
1. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg ’s Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition, Lange publication
2. Bacterial Pathogenesis –A molecular approach Abigail Salyer And Dixie Whitt 2nd Ed
ASM press
3. Ananthanarayan and Panicker’s, Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition
4. Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
5. Pathak & Palan, Immunology: Essential & Fundamental, 1st& 3rd Edition, Capital
Publishing Company
6. Fahim Khan, Elements of Im munology, Pearson Education
USMB502: Reference books / Internet references:
1. Kuby Immunology, 7th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
2. Baron Samuel , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/
4. http://www.macmillanlearning.c om/catalog/static/whf/kuby/
USMB503 :Text books:
1. Stanier, R. Y.,M. Doudoroff andE. A. Adelberg. General Microbiology, 5th edition, The
Macmillan press Ltd
2. Conn, E.E., P. K.Stumpf, G.Bruening and R. Y.Doi. 1987 . Outlines of Biochemistry, 5th
edition, 1987. John Wiley &Sons. New York.
3. Gottschalk,G., (1985), Bacterial Metabolism, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag
4. White, D., (1995), The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, 3rd edition, Oxford
University Press
5. Nelson, D. L. and M.M. Cox( 2005), Lehninger, Principles of biochemistry. 4th
edition, W. H. Freeman and Company
6. Rose, A.H. (1976) Chemical Microbiology, 3rdednButterworth-Heinemann
7. Zubay, G. L (1996), Biochemistry, 4th edition, Wm. C. Brown publishers
8. Mathews, C.K., K.E. van Holde, D.R. App ling, S,J, Anthony-Cahill (2012) Biochemistry,
4thedn. Pearson
9. Wilson and Walker , 4thedn
USMB503 : Reference books:
1. Zubay, G. L (1996), Principles of Bi ochemistry, Wm. C. Brown publishers
2. Cohen, G.N. (2011). Micr obial Biochemistry. 2
ndedn, Springer
USMB504: Text books
1. Casida L. E., "Industrial Mi crobiology”(2009) Reprint, New Age International (P)
Ltd,Publishers, New Delhi
2. Stanbury P. F., Whitaker A. &HaII--S. J., (1997), "Principles of Fermentation
Technology", 2nd Edition, Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Peppler, H. J. and Perlman, D. (1979) , "Microbial Technology’’. Vol 1 & 2,
Academic Press
4. H. A. Modi, (2009). ‘’Fermentation Technol ogy’’ Vols 1 & 2, Pointer Publications,
India
5. OkaforNakuda (2007) ‘’Modern Industria l Microbiology and Biotechnology’’,
Science Publications Enfield, NH, USA.
6. Environmental degradation : issues and challenges by Shitole and Sable, Global
research publication (2012)
USMB504 : Reference books
1. Crueger W. and Crueger A. (2000) "B iotechnology -"A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology", 2nd Edition, Panima P ublishing Corporation, New Delhi.
2. Prescott and Dunn's ‘’Industrial Microbiology’’(1982) 4th Edition, McMillan
Publishers
T. Y. B. Sc. MICR OBIOLOGY THEORY
SEMESTER-VI
COURSE
CODE TITLE CREDITS AND
LECTURES/SEM
USMB601 RDNA TECHNOLOGY, BIOINFORMATICS &
VIROLOGY 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 15 lectures
Unit II BASIC TECHNIQUES & BIOINFORMATICS 15 lectures
Unit III BASIC VIROLOGY 15 lectures
Unit IV ADVANCED VIROLOGY 15 lectures
USMB602 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
: PART II 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH EMPHASIS
ON CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT, PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION. 15 lectures
Unit II CHEMOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS 15 lectures
Unit III HUMORAL RESPONSE,CELL MEDIATED
EFFECTOR RESPONSE, ANTIGEN-ANTIBOBY REACTIONS 15 lectures
Unit IV VACCINES, IMMUNOHAEMATO;OGY,
HYPERSENSITIVITY 15 lectures
USMB603 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY : PART II 2.5
(60 LECTURES)
Unit I LIPID METABOLISM & CATABOLISM OF
HYDROCARBONS . 15 lectures
Unit II METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC
ACIDS. 15 lectures
Unit III METABOLIC REGULATION 15 lectures
Unit IV PROKARYOTIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
INORGANIC METABOLISM 15 lectures
USMB604 APPLIED AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 2.5 CREDITS (60
LECTURES)
Unit I TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS –
PART 2 15 lectures
Unit II ADVANCES IN BIOPROCE SSES TECHNOLOGY: 15 lectures
Unit III BIOINSTRUMENTATION & BIOSTATISTICS 15 lectures
Unit IV QUALITY ASSURANCE & REGULATORY
PRACTICES 15 lectures
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Th eory : USMB-601(rDNA
Technology,Bioinform atics & Virology)
Learning Objectives
Microbial Genetics isan undergraduate T.Y. B. Sc. Microbiology coursethat deals with both
conceptual and practicaltools for generating, processing and understanding biological genetic
information. It develops knowledge of the underlying th eories of genetics which exhibits a
broad understanding of genetic exchange among prokaryotes.It also gives students hands-on
competence in fundamental molecular biology th eories and laboratory te chniques.It gives an
overview of recombinant DNA technology and biot echnology applications utilizing genetic
manipulation.It also provides practical experience of the major analytical techniques used in
bioinformatics.It also deals with basic structure and life cycle of different types of viruses and
explains different terminologies like cancer, prions, viriods and their mechanism.This course will
help students to build on the basic information re garding DNA structure tran scription, translation
and genetic code that they ha ve gained in S. Y. B.Sc.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
1. Understand the basic concepts and t echniques of recombinant DNA technology
2. Understand the basic con cepts of Bioinformatics.
3. Understand the basic struct ure, classification, , enumera tion, cultivation and life cycle
of viruses
4. Understand the terms like cancer, pr ions, viriods and their mechanis
5. Understand regulation of lambda phage
USMB-601 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title
Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB601
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY,
BIOINFORMATICS&VIROLOGY 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self
Study
(60)
UNIT I
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
1.1. Branches of Genetics
1.1.a. Transmission genetics
1.1.1.b. Molecular genetics
1.1.c. Population genetics 1.1.d. Quantitative genetics
1.2. Model Organisms
1.2.a. Characteristics of a model organism
1.2.b. Examples of model organisms used in study 1.2.c. Examples of studies unde rtaken using prokaryotic
and eukaryotic model organisms
1.3. Basic steps in Gene Cloning.
1.4. Cutting and joining DNA molecules --Restriction
and modification systems, restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases
1.5. Vectors
1.5.a. Plasmids as cloning vectors. The plasmid vectors,
pBR322 vector 1.5.b. Cloning genes into pBR322 1.5.c. Phage as cloning vectors, cloning genes into phage
vector 1.5.d. Cosmids
1.5.e. Shuttle vectors
1.5.f. YAC 1.6.g.BAC
1.6. Methods of transformation
1.7.Screening and selection methods for identification and isolation of recombinant cells
15
1
2
1
2
4
2
3
15
UNIT II
BASIC TECHNIQUES & BIOINFORMATICS
2.1. Basic techniques
2.1.a. Southern, Northern and Western blotting.
2.1.b. Autoradiography (explain the term)
2.2.Applications of recombinant DNA technology: Site
specific mutagenesis of DNA, Uses of DNA
polymorphism, STRS and VNTRS,DNA molecular testing for human genetic diseases(Only RFLP),DNA typing,gene therapy,Genetic e ngineering of plants and
animals.
2.3. PCR - basic PCR and different types of PCR
(Reverse transcriptase PCR, Real time quantitative PCR )
2.4. Bioinformatics
2.4.a. Introduction
i. Definition, aims, tasks and applications of
Bioinformatics.
ii. Database, tools and their uses -
Importance, Types and classification of
databases
Nucleic acid sequence databases- EMBL,
DDBJ, GenBank, GSDB, Ensembl and specialized Genomic resources.
Protein sequence databases-PIR, SWISS-PROT,
TrEMBL NRL-3D.Protein structure databases-SCOP, CATH, PROSITE, PRINTS and BLOCKS. KEGG.
2.4.b. Brief introduction to Transcriptome, Metabolomics, Pharmacogenomics, Phylogenetic analysis, Phylogenetic tree, Annotation, 2.4.c. Sequence alignment-- global v/s local alignment, FASTA, BLAST. 2.4.d. Genomics- structural, functional and comparative genomics. 2.4.e. Proteomics- structural and functional proteomics. 15
2
4
2
7 15
UNIT III
BASIC VIROLOGY
3.1. Viral architecture-
3.1.a. Capsid, viral genome and envelope
3.1.b. Structure of TMV, T4, Influenza virus, HIV. 15
4
15
3.2. Viral classification
3.3. The viral replication cycle - attachment, penetration,
uncoating, types of viral ge nome and their replication,
assembly, maturati on and release.
3.4. Cultivation of viruses - cell culture techniques,
embryonated egg, laboratory animals, Cell culture
methods:Equipment required for animal cell culture,Isolation of animal tissue
2
4
5
UNIT IV
ADVANCED VIROLOGY
4.1. Life cycle of T4 phage, TMV, Influenza Virus and
HIV in detail
4.2. Visualization and enumera tion of virus particles
4.2.a. Measurement of infectious units
i. Plaque assay
ii. Fluorescent focus assay
iii. Infectious center assay
iv. Transformation assay
v. Endpoint dilution assay.
4.2.b. Measurement of viru s particles and their
components
i. Electron microscopy
ii. Atomic force microscopy
iii. Haemagglutination
iv. Measurement of viral enzyme activity.
4.3. Regulation of lytic and lysogenic pathway of
lambda phage
4.4. Role of viruses in cancer: Imp
definations,charaeteristics of cancer cell,cancer multi step process,Homan DNA tumor viruses- EBV,Kaposis sarcoma virus,Hepatitis B and C virus,Papiloma Virus.
4.5. Prions and viroids
15
5
3
3
2
2
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : US MB-602 (Medical Microbiology
& Immunology:Part-II)
Learning objectives:
One of the most important areas of microbiology, medical microbiology encompasses the
aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical ma nifestations, laborator y diagnosis, prophylaxis,
and treatment of various diseases that are enlisted in the syllabus. This cour se will help students
to build on the basic information regarding host defe nce mechanisms that they have gained in S.
Y. B.Sc.
Immunology is an integral part of Medical Microbiology and this course is designed for TYBSc
Microbiology students and it is assumed that th e students have achieved a basic understanding of
Innate Immunity and Host Defence mechanisms . The course has been designed to help
understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a logical
fashion. This includes our innate ability to defend against microorganisms (innate immunity);
should this first line of defence fail, how we can fi ght infections (acquired immunity); if we react
excessively, what price we pay ( hypersesitivity); and very importa ntly, can we prevent pathogens
from infecting us (vaccinantion).
Learning Outcomes: ( Medical Microbiology) Students should be able to-
Give details of the virulence factor s and other features of the pathogen
Correlate these virulence factors with the pathogenesis and clin ical features of the disease
Comment on the mode of transmission, epid emiology and therefore modes of prophylaxis
of these diseases
Given a few key clinical features, identify the likely causative agent.
Comment on the methods of diagnosis of the disease.
Learning Outcomes: ( Immunology ): students should be able to-
Understand the effector responses- Humoral Immunity & Cell Mediated Immunity and
differentiate between them
Acquire an understanding of the role of immune system in disease:
o Unregulated response resulting in Hypersensitivity
Understand the mechanism of Antigen-Anti body interaction & it ’s significance in
diagnosis
Apply the concept of immunity to preven tion of disease by development of vaccines
USMB-602 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 602 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY 2.5 Credits
(60
Lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
STUDY OF A FEW DISEASES WITH
EMPHASIS ON CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT,
PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION.
1.1 Study of vector-borne infections Malaria
1.2 Study of sexually transmitted infectious diseases 1.2.1 Syphilis 1.2.2 AIDS 1.2.3 Gonorrhoea 1.3 Study of central nervous system infectious diseases
1.3.1 Tetanus 1.3.2 Polio
1.3.3 Meningococcal meningitis 15
02 08
05 15
UNIT II
CHEMOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS
AGENTS
2.1.1 Attributes of an id eal chemotherapeutic
agent and related definitions
2.1.2 Selection and testing of antibiotics for
bacterial isolates by Kirby-Bauer method
2.2 Mode of action of antibiotics on-
2.2.1 Cell wall (Beta-lactams- Penicillin and
Cephalosporins, Carbapenems)
2.2.2 Cell Membrane (Polymyxin and Imidazole) 2.2.3 Protein Synthesis (Streptomycin,
Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol)
2.2.4 Nucleic acid (Quinolones, Nalidixic acid,
Rifamyicn)
2.2.5 Enzyme inhibitors (Sulfa drugs,
Trimethoprim)
2.3.1 List of common antibiotics used for treating viral, fungal and parasitic diseases. 2.3.2 New antibiotics
2.4 Mechanisms of drug resistance- Its evolution, pathways and origin
15
02
09
01
03
15
UNIT III
HUMORAL RESPONSE,CELL MEDIATED
EFFECTOR RESPONSE, ANTIGEN-
ANTIBOBY REACTIONS
3.1. Humoral Response
3.1.1.Induction of Humoral response, Primary
and secondary responses
3.1.2.Germinal centers and antigen induced B
cell differentiation
3.1.3.Affinity maturation and somatic hyper
mutation, Ig diversity, class switching
3.1.4.Generation of plasma cells and memory
cells
3.2. Cell mediated effector response
3.2.1.Generation and target destruction by
Cytotoxic T cells.
3.2.2.Killing mechanism of NK cells. 3.2.3.Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity
(ADCC)
3.3. Antigen-Antibody reactions
Precipitation, agglutination, passive
agglutination, agglut ination inhibition,
Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme immunoassays (EIA), Immunofluorescence, western blot technique 15
05
03
07
15
UNIT IV VACCINES,
IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY,
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Vaccines
4.1.1 Active and passive immunization
4.1.2 Types of vaccines - Killed and
attenuated vaccines, Whole organism vaccines, Purified macromolecules as vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines
4.1.3 Use of adjuvants in vaccine
4.1.4 New vaccine strategies
4.1.5 Ideal vaccine
4.1.6 Route of vaccine administration,
Vaccination schedule, Failures in vaccination
4.2. Immunohaematology
4.2.1. Human blood group systems, ABO,
secretors and non secretors, Bombay
Blood group. Rhesus system and list of
other blood group systems.
4.2.2. Haemolytic disease of new born,
Coombs test.
4.3. Hypersensitivity
4.3.1. Coombs and Gells classification
4.3.2. Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity,
Mechanism and manifestation. 15
08 03 15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : USMB- 603 (Microbial Biochemistry:Part-II)
Learning objectives:
There are a large number of macromolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and
nucleic acids which are catabolised by the living cells. Cells also bring about biosynthesis of
these macromolecules. Various enzymes play a ma jor role in these biochemical reactions. These
enzymatic reactions are regulate d. The learner must be made aware of the mechanisms of
catabolism, anabolism as well as the regulation of this mechanism in the living cell. There are
prokaryotic cells which bring a bout photosynthesis to generate en ergy. Prokaryotic cells are also
involved in metabolism of inorganic compounds.
This course is designed for TY BSc Microbiology students and it is assumed that the students
already have a basic understanding of macromol ecules. The course wi ll help students to
understand the metabolism of macromolecules as we ll as the regulation of metabolic reactions.
The students would also learn photosynthetic react ions in prokaryotic cells and metabolism of
inorganic compounds.
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to-
Understand the reactions i nvolved in metabolism of lipids and hydrocarbons.
Describe and explain protein catabolism as well as anabolic processes in the cell.
Explain nucleic acid metabolism and recycling of nucleotides.
Discuss the mechanism of regulation with regard s to allosteric protei ns, gene expression
as well as through other mechanisms like end product inhi bition and covalent
modification.
Describe prokaryotic photosynthesis with respect to photosynthetic pigments,
photochemical apparatus and light and dark reactions.
Describe metabolism of inorga nic compounds and Lithotrophy
USMB-603 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB603 MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY PART II 2.5 Credits
(60lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
LIPID METABOLISM & CATABOLISM OF
HYDROCARBONS
1.1 General introduction to Lipids
1.1.1. Lipids and their functions
1.1.2. Action of lipases on tr iglycerides /t ripalmitate
1.1.3. Phospholipids and their properties 1.1.4. Common phosphoglycerides in bacteria
1.2 Catabolism of Lipids
1.2.1.Oxidation of saturated fatty acid
- β oxidation pathway
- Energetics of β oxidation of Palmitic acid
1.2.2. Oxidation of propionic acid. 1.2.3. Degradation of poly beta hydroxy butyrate
1.3 Anabolism of Lipids
1.3.1. Biosynthesis of strai ght chain even carbon
saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid)
1.3.2. Biosynthesis ofphosphoglycerides in
bacteria
1.3.3. Biosynthesis of PHB
1.4 Catabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbons
1.4.1. Oxidation of saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon (n-alkane)
1.4.2. Omega oxidation pathway-
i) Pathway in Corynebacterium and
yeast
ii) Pathway in Pseudomonas 15
02
05
06
02 15
UNIT II
METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC
ACIDS
2.1 Protein catabolism
2.1.1. Enzymatic degradation of proteins
2.1.2. Metabolic fate of amino acids (schematic only) 2.1.3. Metabolism of single amino acids – i. Deamination reactions ii. Decarboxylation iii. Transamination 2.1.4. Fermentation of single amino acid -Glutamic acid by Clostridium glutamicum
2.1.5 .Fermentation of pair of amino acids -
Stickland reaction
2.2 Anabolism of Proteins
2.2.1. Schematic representation of amino acid
families
2.2.2. Synthesis of amino acids of Aspartate family
2.3 Nucleic acid Catabolism
2.3.1. Degradation of purine nucleotides up to
uric acid formation
2.3.2. Recycling of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides by salvage pathway
2.4 Anabolism of Nucleic Acids
2.4.1. Metabolic origin of atoms in purine and
pyrimidine ring. 2.4.2. Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. 2.4.3. Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. 2.4.4. Formation of deoxyribonucleotides. 2.4.5. Synthesis of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates. 2.4.6. Role of nucleotides (high energy triphosphates)
15
05
04
03
03 15
UNIT III
METABOLIC REGULATION
3.1Overview and major modes of regulation
Examples of cellular control mechanism acting at
various levels of meta bolism (tabulation only)
3.2 Allosteric proteins
3.2.1. Definition
3.2.2. Allosteric enzymes - Role of allosteric 15
01
03
15
enzymes using ATCase as example (no kinetic study)
3.2.3.Regulatory allosteric proteins i. Interaction of proteins with DNA ii. Structure of DNA Binding proteins iii. Examples - Lac repressor, Trp repressor, CAP protein iv.Definition and examples of alarmones
3.3 Regulation of gene expression (Transcription)
3.3.1. Introduction to operon model
3.3.2. Common patterns of regula tion of transcription -
General concept of positiv e and negative regulation of
operons i. Lac operon - Mechanism of regulation - Induction - Catabolite repression ii. Trp operon - End Product Repression - Attenuation 3.3.3. Regulation of gene expression i. Multiple Sigma Factors ii. Riboswitches
3.4 Regulation of enzyme activity (Post translational regulation)
3.4.1. End-Product Inhibition and Mechanism of End
Product Inhibition in branched pathways with examples
i. Isofunctional enzymes ii. Concerted feedback inhibition iii. Sequential feedback inhibition iv. Cumulative Feedback inhibition v. Combined activation and inhibition 3.4.2. Covalent modification of enzymes i. General examples without structures ii. Monocyclic cascade &interconvertable enzyme
definition
iii. Glutamine synthetase system of E.coli
3.4.3. Regulation by proteolytic cleavage
3.5 Regulation of EMP and TCA
(Schematic and Role of Pryruvate dehydrogenase
Complex)
06
04
01
UNIT IV
PROKARYOTIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
INORGANIC METABOLISM
15
15
4.1 Prokaryotic photosynthesis
4.1.1. Early studies on photosynthesis
i. Light and dark reactions
ii. Bacterial photosynthesis iii. Hill reaction
4.1.2. Phototrophic prokaryotes -Oxygenic,
Anoxygenicphototrophs examples only
4.1.3. Photosynthetic pigments
4.1.4. Location of photochemical apparatus
4.1.5. Photophosphorylation
4.1.6. Light reactions in
i. Purple photosynthetic bacteria
ii. Green sulphur bacteria iii. Cyanobacteria (with details)
4.1.7. Dark reaction
i. Calvin Benson cycle
ii. Reductive TCA
4.2 Inorganic Metabolism
4.2.1. Assimilatory pathways-
i. Assimilation of nitrate, ii. Ammonia fixation – Glutamate dehydrogenase, Glutamine synthetase, GS-GOGAT, Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase iii. Biological nitrogen fixation (Mechanism for N
2
fixation and protecti on of nitrogenase)
iv. Assimilation of sulphate
4.2.2. Dissimilatory pathways-
i. Nitrate as an electron acceptor
(Denitrification in Paracoccusdenitrificans )
ii. Sulphate as an electron acceptor 4.2.3. Lithotrophy– Enlist organisms and
products formed during oxidation of Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, Ammonia,
Nitrite, Sulphur, Iron.. 09
03
02
01
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Theory : US MB-604 (Applied & Industrial
Microbiology)
Learning Objectives
Bioprocess Technology & Enviro nmental Microbiologycourse is designed to develop the
learner’s ability to study the techniques used in the different phases of industrial microbiology
such as strain improvement, basic fermentation equi pment & its sterilization aspects. It gives an
in depth focus of the different types of fermen ters used in industry fo r production of different
products, and also emphasizes its pr ocess parameters. It includes th e principles and describes the
main steps and processes in the industrial pr oduction of beverages and enzymes.The downstream
process and the environmental aspects of the final product are also included.
Industrial and Environmental Microbiology beco mes an important application based paper
covering microbial fermentations as well as a pplying the techniques of molecular biology to
enzyme technology, animal tissue culture as well as plant tissue culture. Thus, it becomes a laboratory to market scenario where the entire products reach. The learner is provided with the
details of productions of important products like antibiotics, vitamins, or ganic acid and enzymes
along with the analysis techniques using vari ous instruments and statistical tools.
The learner is expected to learn the need of Quality management and regulatory bodies as the
products need to fulfill these requirements. Thus this paper readies the le arner to understand and
apply the knowledge of fermentation technology and related products.This course aims to enable
graduates to enter industr y with an appropriate level of und erstanding of the need for both the
science and business aspects to be achievable to make a viable pr oduct and enhance their
enterpreunial skills.
Learning Outcomes: Student s should be able to-
Understand the actual proce ss involved in fermentations of important products.
To apply the knowledge of applications of animal and plant tissue culture techniques.
Learn the applications of enzymes in various fields.
Understand the working of important instrument s used in biochemical analysis and also
learn to analyze the results using statistical tools.
Learn the salient features of quality management and regulatory procedures.
Understand the commercial and economi c aspects of applied microbiology.
USMB-604 : DETAIL SYLLABUS
Course
Code Title Lectures/
Semester Notional
Periods
USMB 604 APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY
2.5 Credits(60
Lectures) Self Study
(60)
UNIT I
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL
FERMENTATIONS : PART-2
1.1. Penicillin& Semisynthetic Penicillin 1.2. Vitamin B12 from Propionibacterium &
Pseudomonas
1.3. Glutamic Acid (direct)
1.4. Citric acid
1.5 Mushroom 15
04 03
02 03 03 15
UNIT II
ADVANCES IN BIOPROCESSES
TECHNOLOGY:
2.1 Animal Cell Cultivation and applications
Animal Cell Lines, Methods of cultivation
and establishment of cell lines, Animal cell culture fermenters, Large scale cultivation procedures
2.2. Plant Tissue Culture
Methods of cultivation of organ culture,
callus culture and cell suspension culture, Application in Agriculture (Disease resistant plants, virus free plants) Horticulture (Micropropagation) Industry (secondary metabolites production),Transgenic plant (Insect resistant plants)
2.3 Enzyme Technology
Enzyme Immobilization methods,
Applications in therapeutic uses, Analytical uses and Industrial uses 15
05
05
05 15
UNIT III
BIOINSTRUMENTATION&
BIOSTATISTICS
3.1.Bioinstrumentation – Principles, working
and applications of :
3.1.1 Spectrophotometry (I. R) 3.1.2Atomic absorption (AAS) & Atomic Emission (Flame photometry) 3.1.3 Radioisotopes and autoradiography 3.1.4 Microbiological Assays
3.2Biostatistics
Introduction to Biostatistics
Sample and Population Data presentation: Dot diagram, Bar diagram, Histogram, Frequency curve. Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode Summation, notations. Standard Deviation, Variance, Q-Test, t-test and F-test. 15
10
05 15
UNIT IV
QUALITY ASSURANCE & REGULATORY
PRACTICES :
4.1 Intellectual Property Rights:
Introduction to Intellectual Property Genesis of IPR - GATT, WTO, TRIPS, The World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (WIPO)
Types of Intellectual Property – Patents,
Copyright, Trademark, Trade secret Plant varieties protection act, Designs, Geographical
Indications
Indian Patent office site- http://www.ipindia.nic.in/
4.2 QA,QC,GMP :
Definitions- Manufacture, Quality, Quality
Control, In-Process Control, Quality Assurance, Good Manufacturing Practices.Chemicals,Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals &Pharmaceutical production The five variables, In process Items, Finished Products, Labels and Labeling, Packaging materials 15
07
04
15
T.Y.B.Sc.Microbiology Practicals (Semester-VI)
Course Code: USMBP07
[Practicals Based on USMB601; Credits: 1.5, Lectures:60,Notional Periods-15]
1. Isolation of genomic DNA of E. coli and measurement of its concentration by UV-
VIS.
2. Enrichment of coliphages, phage assay (pilot & proper).
3. Restriction digestion of la mbda phage /any plasmid DNA
4. Amplification of DNA by PCR and confir mation of it by gel electrophoresis [Demo.]
5. Western Blot.(Demo)
6. Bioinformatics practical
On Line Practical
i. Visiting NCBI and EMBL websites & list services available, software tools
available and databases maintained
ii. Visiting & exploring various databa ses mentioned in syllabus and
a. Using BLAST and FASTA for sequence analysis
b. Fish out homologs for given specific sequences (by teacher – decide
sequence of some relevance to their syllabus and related to some biological problem e.g. evolution of a specific protei n in bacteria,
predicting function of unknown protein from a new organism based on its
homology)
c. Six frame translation of given nucleotide sequence
d. Restriction analysis of given nucleotide sequence
e. Pair-wise alignment and multiple alignment of a given protein sequences
f. Formation of phylogenetic tree
7. Animal cell culture (demo)
Documentation,Regulations,Control of
Microbial contaminatio n during manufacture,
Premises and contamination control ,Manufacture of sterile products,Clean and Aseptic Area Important publications related to QA
4.3 Sterilization Control and Sterility
Assurance:
Bio-burden determinations
Environmental monitoring Sterilization Monitors – Physical, Chemical and Biological indicators Sterility Testing
04
Course Code : USMBP07
[Practicals Based on USMB 602;Credits -1.5,Lectures- 60,Notional Periods-15]
1. Acid fast staining of M.leprae
2. Identification of Candida species using the germ tube test and growth on Chrom agar
3. Demonstration of malarial parasite in blood films
4. Selection and testing of antibioti cs using the Kirby-Bauer method
5. Determination of MBC of an antibiotic.
6. Blood grouping – Direct & Reverse typing
7. Coomb’s Direct test
8. Determination of Isoagglutinin titer
9. Demonstration experiments- Widal, VDRL
Course Code : USMBP08
[Practicals Based on USMB 603;Credits -1.5,Lectures- 60,Notional Periods-15]
1. To study catabolite repression by diauxic growth curve.
2. Protein estimation by Lowry’s method
3. Estimation of uric acid
4. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Protease
5. Qualitative and Quantitative assay of Lipase
6. Study of Hill reaction
7. Study of breakdown of amino acids – Lysi ne decarboxylase and Deaminase activity
8. Study of Lithotrophs – Nitros ification and Nitrification
Course Code: USMBP08
[Practicals Based on USMB604;Credits: 1.5, Lectures:60,Notional Periods-15]
1. Bioassay of an antibiotic (Ampicillin / Penicillin)
2. Bioassay of Cyanocobalamin.
3. Immobilization of yeast cells for invertase activity- making of beads, Determination of
activity and count by haemocytometer.
4. Carrot explant culture.
5. Sterility testing of water for injection or DPT vaccine.
6. Chemical estimation of Penicillin
7. Biostatistics problem
Semester-VI : Text Books & Reference Books
USMB 601: Text books:
1. Peter J. Russell (2006), “Gene tics-A molecular approach”, 2nd ed.
2. Benjamin A. Pierce (2008), “Gene tics a conceptual approach”, 3rd ed., W. H.
Freeman and company.
3. R. H. Tamarin, (2004), “Principles of genetics”, Tata McGraw Hill..
4. M.Madigan, J.Martinko, J.Parkar, (2009) , “Brock Biology of microorganisms”, 12th
ed., Pearson Education International.
5. Fairbanks and Anderson, (1999), “Genetic s”, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
6. Prescott, Harley and Klein, “Microbiology”,. 7th edition Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
7. Edward Wagner and Martinez Hewle tt, (2005) “Basic Virology”, 2nd edition,
Blackwell Publishing
8. Teri Shors,.(2009) , “Understanding viru ses”, Jones and Bartlett publishers.
9. S.Ignacimuthu, (2005), “Basic Bioinf ormatics”, Narosa publishing house.
10. Robert Weaver, ( 2008), “Molecular biology”, , 3rd e dn. Mc Graw Hill international
edition.
11. Primrose and Twyman, ( 2001), “Principles of gene ma nipulation and genomics”, 6th
ed, Blackwell Publishing
12. Arthur Lesk, (2009), “Introduc tion to Bioinformatics”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University
Press
13. Snustad, Simmons, “Principles of genetics”, 3rd edn. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
14. A textbook of biotec hnology R.C.Dubey 4 th ed.S.Chand.
Reference books:
1. Flint, Enquist, Racanillo and Skal ka, “Principles of virology”, 2nd edn. ASM press.
2. T. K. Attwood & D. J. Parry-Smith, (2003) , “Introduction to bioi nformatics”, Pearson
education
3. Benjamin Lewin, ( 9 th edition), “Genes IX”, , Jones and Bartlett publishers.
4. JD Watson, “Molecular biology of the gene”, 5th edn.
USMB602 :TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg ’s Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition, Lange publication
2. Bacterial Pathogenesis –A molecular approach Abigail Salyer And Dixie Whitt 2nd Ed
ASM press
3. Ananthanarayan and Panicker’s, Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition
4. Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
5. Pathak & Palan, Immunology: Essential & Fundamental, 1st& 3rd Edition, Capital
Publishing Company
6. Fahim Khan, Elements of Im munology, Pearson Education
REFERENCES:
1. Baron Samuel , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition-
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/
2. Kuby Immunology, 7th Edition, W H Freeman and Company
3. http://www.macmillanlearning.c om/catalog/static/whf/kuby/
USMB603 : TEXT BOOKS
1. Stanier, R. Y., M. Doudoro ff and E. A. Adelberg. General Microbiology, 5th edition,
The Macmillan press Ltd
2. Conn, E.E., P. K. Stumpf, G. Bruening and R. Y. Doi. 1987 . Outlines of Biochemistry,
5th edition, 1987. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
3. Gottschalk, G., (1985), Bacterial Metabolism, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag
4. White, D., (1995), The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, 3rd edition, Oxford
University Press
5. Nelson, D. L. and M.M. Cox (2005), Lehninger, Principles of biochemistry. 4th
edition, W. H. Freeman and Company.
6. Salle, A.J. Fundamental Pr inciples of Bacteriology, 7thedn McGraw Hill Book Co.
7. Cohen, G.N. (2011). Micr obial Biochemistry. 2ndedn, Springer
8. Madigan, M.T. and J.M. Martinko 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Pearson
Prentice Hall;
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Zubay, G. L (1996), Biochemistry, 4th edition, Wm. C. Brown publishers
2. Zubay, G. L (1996), Principles of Bi ochemistry, Wm. C. Brown publishers
3. Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger, 5thednW. H. Freeman and Company
USMB 604 : TEXT BOOKS
1. Casida L. E., "Industrial Microbiology” 2009 Reprint, New Age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers, New Delhi
2. Stanbury P. F., Whitaker A. &HaII--S. J., 1997, "Principles of Fermentation
Technology", 2nd Edition, Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Crueger W. and Crueger A. 2000 "Biot echnology -"A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology", 2nd Edition, Panima P ublishing Corporation, New Delhi.
4. R. C. Dubey, 2005 A Textbook of ‘’Biot echnology’’ S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi
5. H. A. Modi, 2009. ‘’Fermentation Technology’’ Vol: 1 & 2, Pointer Publications, India
6. Prescott and Dunn's ‘’Industrial Microbiology’’(1982) 4th Edition, McMillan Publishers
7. Research Methodology: Methods and Tec hniques By C. R. Kothari, New Age
International, 2004
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Peppler, H. J. and Perlman, D. (1979), "Microbial Technology’’. Vol 1 & 2,
Academic Press.
2. Principles and application of Sta tistics in Biosciences byDrD.V.Kamat
(2012),MananPrakashan
Modality Of Assessment
Assessment pattern for theory
Scheme of Examination
The performance of the learners shall be ev aluated into two components. The learner’s
Performance shall be assessed by Internal Assess ment with 25% marks in the first component
& by conducting the Semester End Examinations with 75% marks in the second component.
The allocation of marks for the Internal Assessment and Semester End Examinations are as
shown below:-
Internal Assessment - 25% 25 marks.
a) Theory 25 marks
Sr No Evaluation type Marks
1 One class Test* 20
2 Active participation in routine class instructional deliveries 05
Overall conduct as a responsible student, manners, skill in
articulation, leadership qual ities demonstrated through
organizing co-curricula r activities, etc.
Question Paper Pattern for Periodic al Class Test for Courses at UG
Programmes Written Class Test (20 Marks)
1. Match the Column / Fill in the Blanks / Multiple Choice Questions 05 Marks
(½ Marks each)
2. Answer in One or Two Lines (Concept based Questions) 05 Marks
(1 Mark each)
3. Answer in Brief (Attempt Any Two of the Three) 10 Marks
(5 Marks each)
Semester End Theory Assessment - 75% 75 marks
1. Duration - These examinations shall be of 2.5 hours duration.
2. Theory question paper pattern :-
i. There shall be five questions each of 15 marks (30 marks with
internal option)
ii. On each unit there will be one question & fifth question will be based on
entire syllabus.
iii. All questions shall be compulsory with internal choice within
the questions.
iv. Questions may be sub divided into sub questions as a, b, c, d, e & f etc &
the allocation of mark s depends on the weightage of the topic.
Passing Standard:
The learners to pass a cour se shall have to obtain a minimum of 40% marks in
aggregate for each course where the course consists of Internal Assessment and Semester End Examination. The learners sh all obtain minimum of 40% marks (i.e.
10 out of 25) in the Internal Assessment and 40% marks in Semester End
Examination (i.e. 30 out of 75) separately , to pass the course and minimum of
Grade E in each project, wherever applicab le, to pass a particular semester. A
learner will be said to have passed the course if the learner passes the Internal
Assessment and Semester End Examination together.
Practical Examination Pattern:
(A)Internal Examination:-
There will not be any internal examination/ evaluation for practicals.
(B) External (Semester end practical examination) :-
Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1. Laboratory work 40
2. Journal 05
3. Viva 05
Semester V:
The students are required to present a duly cert ified journal for appearing at the practical
examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate sh ould be obtained from Head
of the Department/ Co-ordinator of the depar tment ; failing which the student will not be
allowed to appear for the practical examination.
Semester VI
The students are required to present a duly cer tified journal for appearing at the practical
examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate sh ould be obtained from Head
of the Department/ Co-ordinator of the depar tment ; failing which the student will not be
allowed to appear for the practical examination.
Overall Examination and Marks Distribution Pattern
Semester V
Course USMB-
501 USMB-
502 USMB-
503 USMB-
504 Grand
Total
Int
ern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inte
rnal Exter
nal Tot
al Intern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inter
nal Exter
nal Tota
l
Theory 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 400
Practical
s - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 200
Semester VI
Course USMB-
601 USMB-
602 USMB-
603 USMB-
604 Grand
Total
Int
ern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inte
rnal Exter
nal Tot
al Intern
al Exte
rnal Tot
al Inter
nal Exter
nal Tota
l
Theory 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 25 75 100 400
Practical
s - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 200
T.Y.B.Sc.M icrobiology Practicals : Semester-V
T.Y.B.Sc.M icrobiology Practicals : Semester-VI
Course code
Practical Syllabus
Credits & lectures
USMBP05 Based on USMB501 and USMB502 of
Semester V Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
USMBP06 Based on USMB503 and USMB504 of
Semester V Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
Course code
Practical Syllabus
Credits & lectures
USMBP07 Based on USMB601 and USMB602 of
Semester VI Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
USMBP08 Based on USMB603 and USMB604 of
Semester VI Credits 3 (8 periods/week)
= 120 periods/semester
COURSE WISE CREDIT ASSIGNMENT UNDER THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Program: B.Sc.
Course: Microbiology (USMB)
Course wise
credit assignments under the faculty of science Type of Courses / Credits Assigned First Year
(Credit x No. of Courses ) Second Year
(Credit x No. of Courses ) Third Year
(Credit x No. of Courses ) Total
Credit
Value
First
Semester Second
SemesterThird
SemesterFourth
SemesterFifth
Semester Sixth
Semester
Core Courses
(Theory) 04x03 04x03 06x02 06x02 2.5x04 2.5x04 68
Core Courses
(Practicals) 02x03 02x03 03x02 03x02 1.5x04 1.5x04 36
Foundation
course 02x01 02x01 02x01 02x01 08
Applied
Component Courses (Theory) 02x01 02x01 04
Applied
Component Courses (Practical) 02x01 02x01 04
Total 20 20 20 20 20 20 120