SYBSc Biotech_1 Syllabus Mumbai University by munotes
Page 2
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AC – 27/06/2023
Item No. 6.5 (R)
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Revised Syllabus for
S.Y.B.Sc. (Biot echnology )
(Sem. III & IV)
(CBCS)
(With effect from the academic year 2023 -24)
Page 4
University of Mumbai
Syllabus for Approval
Sr.
No. Heading Particulars
1
O: _____________ Title of Course
S.Y.B.Sc. (Biotechnology )
2 O: _____________ Eligibility As per the University Ordinance
O.5106
3
R: ______________ Passing Marks
40 %
4 No. of years/Semesters: 3 Years/ 6 Semesters
5 Level: P.G. / U.G./ Diploma / Certificate
( Strike out which is not applicable)
6 Pattern: Yearly / Semester
( Strike out which is not applicable)
7 Status: Revised / New
( Strike out which is not applicable)
8 To be implemented from Academic Year :
From Academic Year: 2023 -24
Prof. Shivram S. Garje,
Dean ,
Faculty of Science and Technology
Page 5
SEMESTER - III
Course
code Course type Course Title Credits Lectures/
Week
USBT301 Core Subject Bioprocess technology 2 3
USBT302 Core Subject Medical Microbiology 2 3
USBT303 Core Subject Applied chemistry -1 2 3
USBT304 Core Subject Fundamentals in Biophysics 2 3
USBT305 Core Subject Immunology 2 3
USBT306 Core Subject Molecular biology -III 2 3
USBT307 General
Elective Biosafety 2 3
USBTP301 Core Subject
Practicals Practicals of USBT_301 and USBT_302 2 6
USBTP302 Core Subject
Practicals Practicals of USBT_303 and USBT_304 2 6
USBTP303 Core Subject
Practicals Practicals of USBT_305 and USBT_306 2 6
SEMESTER -IV
Course
code Course type Course Title Credits Lectures/
Week
USBT401 Core Subject Medical biotechnology 2 3
USBT402 Core Subject Cell biology and cytogenetics 2 3
USBT403 Core Subject Applied chemistry -2 2 3
USBT404 Core Subject Biochemistry 2 3
USBT405 Core Subject Molecular diagnostics 2 3
USBT406 Core Subject Bioinformatics and Biostatistics 2 3
USBT407 General
Elective Research methodology 2 3
USBTP401 Core Subject Practicals of USBT_401 and USBT_402 2 6
Page 6
Practicals
USBTP402 Core Subject
Practicals Practicals of USBT_403 and USBT_404 2 6
USBTP403 Core Subject
Practicals Practicals of USBT_405 and USBT_406 2 6
Page 7
SEMESTER -III
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT301 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY 2
Course objectives:
The objective of this course is to understand the basics skills applied in fermentation
technology and build a foundation for more advanced studies in bioprocess technology.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● develop an understanding of the various aspects of bioprocess technology.
● develop skills associated with screening of industrially important strains.
● understand principles underlying design of fermenter and fermentation process.
UNIT I Fermentor designs: 15
Fermentor
design ,
media and
sterilization Air lift fermentor, Tower fermentor,Acetator and
cavitator, deep jet, packed Tower
Fermentation Media:
Media components :
Carbon source -factors affecting choice of Carbon
source with examples,Nitrogen source factors
affecting choice of Carbon source with examples,
Growth factors, Minerals, buffers, minerals,
Inducers, precursors
Antifoam agents - Types , Properties of Antifoam
agent
Medium properties: Fast metabolism,Rheology
Concept of Inoculum and Production Media
Sterilization :
Sterilization of Fermentor and Fermentation
Media.
Sterilization of Media -Batch and Continuous
Concept of Del factor
Sterilization of Fermentor, feeds, liquid wastes
Sterilization of Air Supply, Exhaust gases
Filter sterilization
Page 8
UNIT II
Inoculum
development
and process
parameters Introduction to Inoculum development; Bacterial
and fungal inoculum development with two
examples each, scale up, scale down.
Detailed steps in Monitoring and Control of
process variables 15
UNIT III
Fermentation
processes -1 Types of fermentations and fermentation process
Significance and applications of
Batch and continuous,
surface and submerged,
aerobic and anaerobic,
Solid state fermentation.
● Industrial products from Microorganisms -
Penicillin,semisynthetic penicillin, Streptomycin,
Vaccines, hormones
● Enzymes and Organic acids from
Microorganisms:
Ethanol,Citric acid, acetic acid, Lysine, Glutamic
acid, Amylases, protease 15
Page 9
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT302 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to gain insight into disease factors and processes and
diseases caused by microorganisms.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● list the factors playing a role in causing a disease gain.
● discuss the various aspects of systemic infections including causative agents,
symptoms and prophylaxis.
● gain the technical capability of handling, isolating and identifying various
bacteria.
UNIT I Host Parasite Relationship: 15
General
Bacteriology
and Bacteria
as Human
pathogen,
Host parasite
interactions Normal Flora; Factors Affecting the Course of
Infection and Disease; Mechanisms of Infection
and Virulence Factors.
Infection:
Patterns of Infection; Types of Infections;
Signs and Symptoms; Epidemiology and
Epidemiological Markers.
Diseases:
Origin of Pathogens; Vectors; Acquisition of
Infection; Koch’s Postulates.
UNIT II
Causative
organisms -1 Skin:
S. aureus, S. pyogenes.
Respiratory Tract Infections:
M. tuberculosis, S. pneumoniae (Characteristics
Transmission, Course of Infection, Lab
Diagnosis, Management of TB, Prevention and
Control, Immuno and Chemoprophylaxis, DOTS
and MDR).
Urinary Tract Infections:
E.coli : Characteristics, Virulence, Clinical
disease, and E.coli Infections. 15
Page 10
UNIT III
Causative
organisms -2 GI Tract Infections:
Salmonella and Shigella spps. (Characteristics,
Virulence - Pathogenesis and Immunity, Clinical
Disease, Carriers Lab Diagnosis, Phage Typing
Prophylaxis and Treatment).
Sexually Transmitted Diseases :
Syphilis and Gonorrhoea .
Nosocomial Infections :
Ps. aeruginosa 15
Page 11
Course Code Title Credits No. of
lectures
USBT303 APPLIED CHEMISTRY -1 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to have a firm foundation in the fundamentals and
applications of organic and green chemistry.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● develop an understanding of the different aspects of organic and green chemistry.
● discuss the role of organic compounds in biology and synthesis of organic compounds.
● discuss the role of green chemistry and its application in industry.
Understand the basic concept of electrophoresis
UNIT I
Organic
chemistry Introduction to Types of Organic Reactions :
Addition, Elimination and Substitution
Reactions.
Essential and Non -essential Elements in
Biological Systems.
Role of Metal Ions in Biological Systems. Metal
Coordination in Biological Systems : Enzymes,
Apoenzymes and Coenzymes. Biological Role of
Metalloenzymes wrt Myoglobins, Haemoglobin.
Biological Role of Carboxypeptidases, Catalases
and Peroxidases. 15
UNIT II
Chromatograp
hy and
centrifugation Chromatography -
Principle, working and applications of: Affinity
chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography,
Molecular (size) exclusion chromatography. 15
Centrifugation -
Basic Principle of sedimentation, Types of
Centrifugal Separation - Differential
Centrifugation, Density Gradient Centrifugation,
Rotor Categories, Applications of Centrifugation
UNIT III Electrophoresis: 15
Electrophoretic
Techniques Migration of Ions in an applied electric field; Factors
affecting Electrophoretic Mobility; Moving
Boundary Electrophoresis; Principle of
Electrophoresis; Supporting Matrix; Paper
Electrophoresis; AGE; Native and SDS PAGE
(reducing and non-reducing, continuous and
discontinuous); IEF and 2D PAGE. Staining
and Detection Methods; Gel-Documentation.
Applications in Biology.
Page 12
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT304 FUNDAMENTALS IN BIOPHYSICS 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to have a firm foundation in the fundamentals and
applications of current biophysical theories.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will:
● develop an understanding of the different aspects of classical physics.
● be able to relate principles of physics to applications and techniques in the field of
biology such as microscopy, spectroscopy and electrophoresis
UNIT I
Optics and
Microscopy Introduction to Optics and Lasers:
Optics :
Properties of Light - Reflection, Refraction,
Dispersion, Interference.
Lasers :
Properties of Lasers, Stimulated Emissions,
Laser Action; Applications of Laser.
Microscopy :
Types of Microscopy; Electron Optics;
Electron Microscopy - Preparation of
Specimen,
Construction, Principles and Working:
SEM, TEM and Immuno -Electron Microscopy.
Fluorescence Microscopy. 15
Page 13
UNIT II
Heat,
Sound,
Magnetism
and
Fluid
Dynamics Heat:
Concept of Temperature; Modes of Heat
Transfer; Measuring Temperature; Platinum
Resistance Thermometer; Thermocouple and
Thermistors.
Sound: 15
Types of Sound Waves - Audible, Ultrasonic
and Infrasonic Waves; Doppler Effect;
Applications of Ultrasonic Waves.
Magnetism:
Magnetic Field; Magnetism of Earth; Para
magnetism, Diamagnetism, Ferromagnetism.
Nuclear Magnetism and Biomagnetism.
Fluid Dynamics :
Viscosity:
Definition Flow of Liquids through
Capillaries; Stokes’ Law; Terminal Velocity.
Determination of ‘η’ by Falling Sphere
Method; Viscosity Estimation by Oswald’s
Viscometer.
Surface Tension:
Definition - Surface Tension and Surface
Energy; Capillary Action; Angle of Contact;
Wettability; Temperature Dependence of
Surface Tension.
Applications in Biology.
UNIT III
Spectroscopy Spectroscopy
Types and Properties of Spectra;
Basic Laws of Light Absorption.
Principle, instrumentation, working and
applications of:
UV Spectroscopy
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Luminometry
Light scattering spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy 15
Page 14
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT305 IMMUNOLOGY 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to familiarize students with the immune effector
mechanisms and various immunotechniques.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● understand the role of different types of cells, effector molecules and effector
mechanisms in immunology.
● understand the principles underlying various immunotechniques.
UNIT I
Cell and
organs of
immune
system,
Compleme
nt system Haematopoiesis; Cells of the Immune System;
Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs.
Complement System - Classical, Alternate and
Lectin; Regulation and Biological Effects of
Complement System; Deficiencies of
Complement System 15
UNIT II
MHC and
Antigen
presentation
pathways,
TCR/BCR, T
cell and B cell
Activation T-cell Receptor Complex :
Structure and Activation.
MHC Classes - General Organization and
Inheritance; Structures and Peptide Interactions;
Class I and II Diversity and Polymorphism;
Antigen Presentation - Endocytic and Exocytic
Pathways; MHC Restriction.
B-cell Receptor :
Structure, Maturation and Activation
B-T Cell I nteraction (B -T cell Cooperation) 15
UNIT III
Immunotech
niques Precipitation Reactions :
Immunoprecipitation, Immunoelectrophoresis,
CIEP, Rocket Electrophoresis and 2 -D
Immunoelectrophoresis.
Agglutination Reactions :
Passive, Reverse Passive, Agglutination
Inhibition.
Coomb’s Test; Complement Fixation Tests,
RIA, ELISA, ELISPOT, Chemiluminescence,
Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Flow
Cytometry.
Alternatives to Antigen -Antibody Reactions 15
Page 15
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT306 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY -III 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to have an insight into the mechanism of gene expression
and regulation.
Learning outcomes: -
By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● discuss the mechanisms associated with gene expression at the level of
transcription and translation.
● discuss the mechanisms associated with regulation of gene expression in
prokaryotes
UNIT I
Transcription Transcription Process in Prokaryotes : RNA
Synthesis; Promoters and Enhancers;
Initiation of Transcription at Promoters;
Elongation and Termination of an RNA
Chain.
Transcription in Eukaryotes :
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases; Eukaryotic
Promoters; Transcription of Protein Coding
Genes by RNA Polymerase; Eukaryotic
mRNA’s; Transcription of other genes;
Spliceosomes; RNA editing. 15
UNIT II
Translation Nature of Genetic Code.
Wobble Hypothesis.
Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:
Process of Protein Synthesis
(Initiation, Elongation, Translocation,
Termination);
Post Translational Modifications .
Protein sorting. 15
UNIT III
Regulation of
gene
expression in
Prokaryotes
and Viruses In Prokaryotes:
lac Operon of E.coli ; trp Operon of E.coli ,
Arabinose operon.
In Viruses :
Lytic and Lysogenic Regulation 15
Page 16
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT307 BIOSAFETY 2
Objective: Learner should
● Understand the concept of GLPs.
● Learn about routes of microbial contaminants and assays to detect contamination.
Learning Outcome: Learner will be able
● to document laboratory work, calibration records and prepare SOPs.
● to identify the role of the Biosafety Professional in Biomedical Research
Laboratories
UNIT I
Introduction
to biosafety,
GLP Introduction:
Biological Risk Assessment, Hazardous
Characteristics of an Agent; Genetically
modified agent hazards; Cell cultures;
Hazardous Characteristics of Laboratory
Procedures; Potential Hazards Associated with
Work Practice.
Concept of GLP; Practicing GLP; Guidelines to
GLP; Documentation of Laboratory work;
Preparation of SOPs; Calibration records;
Validation of methods; Documentation of
results; Audits & Audit reports. 15
UNIT II
Biosafety in
diagnostics labs Biosafety
Good diagnostic lab practice and procedures
Personnel competence and training
Facility design
Specimen and material receipt and storage
Decontamination and waste management
Personal protective equipment
Laboratory equipment
Safe techniques
Emergency/incident response
Occupational health
Transport
Maintenance of records
Reporting of accidents
Training 15
UNIT III
Detection and
testing of
contaminants Microbial Contamination in food and pharma
products; Some common microbial
contaminants; Microbiological Assays for
pharmaceutical products; Regulatory
Microbiological testing in pharmaceuticals. 15
Page 17
SEMESTER IV
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT401 MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2
Course objectives: - Learner should
● Comprehend pathogenesis and diagnosis process
● Understand mechanism of drug action and mode of drug resistance.
Learning outcomes: - Learner will be able to
● Demonstrate knowledge for infectious agents and drug action mechanisms
● to identify drug resistance problems in disease treatment.
UNIT I
Viral and
fungal
diseases Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, laboratory
diagnosis, epidemiology, prophylaxis and
treatment of Viral diseases
Air borne viral diseases:
Influenza ,measles, COVID
Vector Borne viral diseases:
(Dengue, AIDS, Rabies).
Fungal diseases - transmission, symptoms and
prevention of cutaneous mycoses (Athlete’s foot),
systemic mycoses (Histoplasmosis) and
opportunistic mycoses (Candidiasis) 15
UNIT II
Chemotherap
eutic agents I Discovery and Design of antimicrobial agents;
Classification of Antibacterial agents, Selective
toxicity, MIC, MLC
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (Mode of action
for): Beta lactam antibiotics: Penicillin,
Cephalosporins; Glycopeptides: Vancomycin;
Polypeptides: Bacitracin
Injury to Plasma membrane: Polymyxin;
Inhibition of protein synthesis Aminoglycosides,
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol, Macrolides
Erythromycin;
Inhibition of Nucleic acid synthesis:
Quinolones, Rifampicin, Metronidazole ;
Antimetabolites: Sulphonamides, Trimethoprim; 15
Page 18
UNIT III
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests
Drug Resistance: Mechanism, Origin and
transmission of drug resistance;
Use and misuse of antimicrobial agents;
Antifungal drugs , Azoles,Polyenes,
Echinocandins, Sllylamines, Pyrimidine
Analogues
Antiviral drugs :
Drugs that target the viral DNA polymerase
(Acyclovir,Gancyclovir)
Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (Zidovudine)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(Nevirapine)
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors(Enfuvirtide) 15
Chemotherap
eutic agents
II
Page 19
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT402 CELL BIOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to have a firm foundation in the fundamentals of cell biology
and cytogenetics.
Learning outcomes: -
By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● develop an understanding of the cytoskeleton and cell membrane.
● discuss the structure of chromosomes and types of chromosomal aberrations.
● discuss the principles underlying sex determination, linkage and mapping.
UNIT I
Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton :
Overview of the Major Functions of Cytoskeleton.
Microtubules: Structure and Composition. MAPs:
Functions - Role in Mitosis, Structural Support and
Cytoskeleton Intracellular Motility.
Motor Proteins: Kinesins, Dynein; MTOCs.
Dynamic Properties of Microtubules.
Microtubules in Cilia and Flagella.
Microfilaments: Structure, Composition, Assembly
and Disassembly.
Motor Protein: Myosin.
Muscle Contractility: Sliding Filament Model. Actin
Binding Proteins : Examples of Non Muscle Motility.
Intermediate Filaments :Structure and Composition;
Assembly and Disassembly; Types and Functions. 15
UNIT II
Cell
membrane Cell Membrane :
Uptake of Nutrients by Prokaryotic Cells; Cell
Permeability.
Principles of Membrane Transport Transporters and
Channels; Active Transport,
Passive Transport; Types of Transporters; Types of
ATP Driven Pumps - Na+ K+ Pump. Cell Junctions;
Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Material Microvilli;
Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions; Cell Coat and Cell
Recognition. Cellular Interactions. 15
Page 20
UNIT III Cytogenetics : 15
Cytogenetics Structure of Chromosome - Heterochromatin,
Euchromatin, Polytene Chromosomes. Variation in
Chromosomal Structure and Number :
Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation,
Aneuploidy, Euploidy and Polyploidy and
Syndromes - Klinefelter, Turner, Cri-du-Chat,
Trisomy -21, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13.
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage : Mechanisms of
Sex Determination (XX-XY, ZZ-ZW, XX-XO)
Dosage Compensation and Barr Body. Genetic
Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping :
Tetrad Analysis; Two-point Cross; Three point Cross;
Pedigree Analysis.
Page 21
Course Code Title Credits No. of
lectures
USBT403 APPLIED CHEMISTRY -2 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to have a firm foundation in the fundamentals and
applications of current chemical theories for the physical world.
Learning outcomes: -
By the end of the course the student will:
● develop an understanding of the different aspects of analytical chemistry.
● gain knowledge of natural product chemistry and related acquired skills.
● gain an understanding of basic concepts in polymer chemistry and nanomaterials.
UNIT I
Synthesis of
organic
compounds Synthesis of Organic Compounds :
Criteria for Ideal Synthesis; Selectivity and
Yield.
Linear and Convergent Synthesis and
Multicomponent Reactions.
Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis,
Ultrasound in Synthesis and Polymer
supported Synthesis.
Retrosynthesis. 15
UNIT II Natural Product Chemistry : 15
Natural product
chemistry and
green chemistry Primary and Secondary Metabolites.
Classification of Natural Products based on Bio
Synthesis.
Classification of Natural Products based on
Structure - Alkaloids, Phenolics, Essential Oils and
Steroids.
Structure Determination of Natural Products.
Commercial Synthesis of Natural Products.
Green Chemistry and Synthesis:
Introduction to Green Chemistry; Need and
Relevance of Green Chemistry; Principles of
Green Chemistry.
Green Synthesis in Industry: Green Materials,
Green Reagents, Green Solvents and Green
Catalysts.
Page 22
UNIT III
Nanotechnology Nanomaterials :
Introduction to Nanomaterials.
Forms of Nanomaterials : Nanoparticles,
Nanofilms and Nanotubes
Synthesis and Characterization of
Nanomaterials.
Applications of Nanomaterials.
Course Code Title Credits No. of
lectures
USBT404 BIOCHEMISTRY 2
Course objectives: -
● Understand the order of reactions involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and lipids
metabolism.
● Learn how the metabolism pathways are regulated at molecular level.
Learning outcomes: - Learner should:
● Be able to illustrate the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids
through various metabolic pathways.
● Be able to undertake investigations and perform analysis that provide information
about metabolic disorder.
UNIT I Carbohydrate Metabolism : 15
Carbohydrate
Metabolism,
ETS and
Energy Rich
Compounds Glycolytic Pathway and its Regulation, Homolactic
Fermentation; Alcoholic Fermentation; Energetics
of Fermentation; Citric Acid Cycle and its
Regulation; Gluconeogenesis; Pentose Phosphate
Pathway; Glyoxalate Pathway; Reductive TCA .
(Sequence of Reactions, Regulation, Energ y Yield
and Metabolic Disorders of the above Pathways)
Electron Transport System :
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Inhibitors of ETS.
Energy Rich Compounds :
ATP as Energy Currency, Structure of ATP,
Hydrolysis, Other Energy Rich Compounds other
than ATP like PEP, Creatine Phosphate, etc.
Page 23
UNIT II
Amino acid
metabolism Amino Acid Breakdown :
Deamination, Transamination, Urea Cycle,
Breakdown of Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino
Acids.
Amino Acids as Biosynthetic Precursors :
Biosynthesis of Epinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin,
GABA, Histamine, Glutathione.
(Sequence of Reactions, Regulation and Metabolic
Disorders of the above Pathways) 15
UNIT III
Lipid
metabolism Lipid Metabolism :
Mobilization, Transport of Fatty Acids.
Beta, Alpha and Omega Oxidation of Saturated
Fatty Acids; Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids;
Oxidation of Odd Chain Fatty Acids. Energy Yield,
Ketone Body Breakdown to Yield Energy.
(Sequence of Reactions, Regulat ion, Energy Yield
and Metabolic Disorders of the above Pathways) 15
Page 24
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT405 MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is learning and understanding molecular techniques and
utilizing these techniques in diagnosis.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● gain an understanding of the basic principles used in molecular diagnosis.
● gain critical thinking and analytical skills to und erstand new diagnostic methods.
● apply the knowledge and skills gained in the course should be useful in developing
new diagnostic kits.
UNIT I
Basics of
molecular
diagnostics Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics : Overview of
Molecular Diagnostics; History of Molecular
Diagnostics; Molecular Diagnostics in Post
Genomic Era; Areas used in Molecular Diagnostics;
Future Prospects - Commercialising Molecular
Diagnostics, Personalized Medicine,
Theranostics. 15
Characterisation and analysis of Nucleic – Acids
and Proteins :
Extraction, Isolation and Detection of DNA, RNA
and Proteins; Restriction Endonucleases and
Restriction Enzyme Mapping.
Hybridisation Techniques :
Southern, Northern, Western and FISH; Markers,
Probes and its Clinical Applications.
UNIT II
Nucleic acid
amplification
methods Target amplification :
PCR - General Principle; Components of a Typical
PCR Reaction; Experimental Design; Primer
Designing; Control of PCR Contamination and
Mispriming; PCR Product Clean -up and Detection. 15
PCR Types :
Reverse Transcriptase and Real Time PCR.
Probe amplification :
Ligase Chain Reaction
Page 25
UNIT III
Molecular
biology based
diagnostics DNA Polymorphism and Identification: RFLP and
Parentage Testing;
RFLP and Sickle -Cell Anaemia.
Genetic Counseling and Molecular Diagnosis
Genetic Testing - Need and Uses; genetic
Counseling. 15
Case Studies - Diagnostic Testing for Cystic
Fibrosis; Fragile X Diagnostic and Carrier Testing.
Ethical, Social and Legal Issues to Molecular -
Genetic Testing
Page 26
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT406 BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is learning and understanding basic concepts of
Bioinformatics and Biostatistics.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● gain an understanding of the basic concepts of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics.
● understand the tools used in bioinformatics.
● apply the various statistical tools for analysis of biological data.
UNIT I
Introduction
to Computers
and Biological
Databases Computer Basics :
Basic Computer Operations: I/O Units; Computer
Memory; Processor; Binary Arithmetic; Logic
Circuit; Architecture; Operating Systems and
application softwares. 15
Biological Databases :
Classification of Databases - Raw and Processed
Databases; Primary (NCBI), Secondary (PIR) and
Tertiary or Composite (KEGG) Databases; Structure
and Sequence Databases.
Specialized Databases - Protein Pattern Databases;
Protein Structure and Classification Databases
(CATH/SCOP). Genome Information Resources:
DNA Sequence Databases Specialized Genomic
Resources.
Protein Databases based on Composition, Motifs
and Patterns.
Protein Structure Visualization Software.
UNIT II BLAST and Sequence Alignment : 15
BLAST
and
sequence
alignment BLAST and its Types;
Retrieving Sequence using BLAST.
Pairwise Alignment :
Identity and Similarity; Global and Local
Alignment; Pairwise Database Searching.
Multiple Sequence Alignment:
Goal of Multiple Sequence Alignment;
Computational Complexity; Manual Methods;
Simultaneous Methods; Progressive Methods;
Databases of Multiple Alignment; Secondary
Database Searching; Analysis Packages; MSA.
Page 27
UNIT III
Biostatistics Theory and Problems based on- Coefficient of
Correlation and Regression Analysis; Steps in
Testing Statistical Hypothesis; Parametric Tests: - z
Test – Single Mean and Two Means, t-Test – Single
Man, Paired and Unpaired; Chi Square Test.
Page 28
Course Code Title Credits No. of
Lectures
USBT407 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2
Course objectives: -
The objective of this course is to develop research aptitude, logical thinking and
reasoning.
Learning outcomes: - By the end of the course the student will be able to:
● understand basic principles of research methodology and identify a research
problem.
● understand a general definition of research design.
● identify the overall process of designing a research study from its inception to its
report.
UNIT I
Introduction to
Research
Methodology
and Research
Problem Meaning of Research; Objectives of Research;
Motivation in Research; Types of Research;
Research Approaches; Significance of Research;
Research Methods versus Methodology; Research
Process; Criteria of Good Research; Problems
Encountered by Researchers in India; What is a
Research Problem? Selecting the Problem;
Necessity of Defining the Problem; Technique
Involved in Defining a Problem 15
UNIT II
Research
Design, Data
Collection and
processing Meaning of Research Design; Need for Research
Design; Features of a Good Design; Important
Concepts Relating to Research Design; Different
Research Designs; Basic Principles of
Experimental Designs; 15
Developing a Research Plan
Collection of Primary Data; Observation
Method; Interview Method; Collection of Data
through Questionnaires; Collection of Data
through Schedules; Other Methods of Data
Collection, Collection of Secondary Data,
Selection of Appropriate Method for Data
Collection, Case Study Method
UNIT III
Interpretation
and Report
Writing Meaning of Interpretation, Why Interpretation?,
Technique of Interpretation, Precautions in
Interpretation, Significance of Report Writing,
Different Steps in Writing Report, Layout of the
Research Report, Types of Reports, Oral
Presentation, Mechanics of Writing a Research
Report, Precautions for Writing Research Reports. 15
Page 29
PRACTICALS
SEMESTER III
Course code Title Credits
USBTP301 1. Study of composition and use of important differential
media for identification of bacteria: EMB Agar, McConkey
agar, Mannitol salt agar, Deoxycholate citrate agar, TCBS
2. Isolation of S.aureus using selective and differential media
3. Identification of S.aureus - Catalase, Coagulase Test.
4. Isolation of E.coli using selective and differential media
5. Identification of E.coli - Sugar Fermentations, IMViC.
6. Isolation of Salmonella using selective and differential
media
7. Identification of Salmonella - Sugar Fermentations, TSI
Slant.
8. Isolation of Shigella using selective and differential media
9. Identification of Shigella -, Sugar Fermentations, TSI
Slant.
10. Isolation of Pseudomonas using selective and differential
media
11. Identification of Pseudomonas - Urease test, Oxidase Test,
TSI Slant.
12. Lab Scale Production of Penicillin (Static and
Shaker).
13. Purification of Penicillin from Broth Culture of Penicillium
spp. by Solvent Extraction.
14. Estimation of Penicillin from Recovered Broth by
Chemical (Iodometric) Method.
15. Estimation of Penicillin from Recovered Broth by
Biological (Bioassay) Method.
16. RPR Test (Kit Based).
17. Permanent Slide - Mycobacterium. 2
(PRACTICA
LS based on
USBT301
and
USBT302)
Course code Title Credits
USBTP302 1. SOP writing for Spectrophotometer
2. Estimation of hemoglobin by Cyanmethemoglobin Method.
(Drabkin’s reagent based kit can be used) -
DEMONSTRATION ONLY
3. Qualitative analysis of DNA using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
4. Determination of Purity of DNA using UV Spectrophotometry.
5. Electrophoresis of Proteins by Native PAGE. 2
(PRACTICA
LS based on
USBT303
and
USBT304)
Page 30
6. Electrophoresis of Proteins by SDS PAGE.
7. Separation of components from a mixture using Size exclusion
chromatography (Kit may be used for demonstration)
8. Separation of components from a mixture using ion exchange
chromatography (Kit may be used for demonstration)
9. Separation of components from a mixture using Affinity
chromatography (Kit may be used for demonstration)
10. Study of the Structure and Function of an Electron Mi croscope
(Visit / Video Demonstration).
11. Demonstration of sample preparation and staining for analysis
using Electron Microscope.
12. Study of the Structure and Working of a Fluorescence Microscope
13. Demonstration of sample preparation and staining of sample for
analysis using Fluorescence Microscope.
14. Quantitative test - Catalase activity
15. Quantitative test - Peroxidase activity
16. Quantitative analysis of amylase extracted from a plant or
bacterial source.
Course code Title Credits
USBTP303 1. Complement Fixation Test (CFT).
2. Passive Agglutination - RA Factor Test.
3. Immunoelectrophoresis.
4. Immunodiffusion technique - Single Radial Immunodiffusion by
Mancini Method
5. Immunodiffusion - double immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony
Method
6. ELISA (Kit -based) - HEPELISA.
7. DOT -ELISA.
8. Western Blotting - Demonstration.
9. Flow Cytometry - Lab Visit.
10. Qualitative detection of Salmonella spp - Rapid Slide
agglutination test
11. Quantitative detection of Salmonella spp- Tube Agglutination
test
12. Coomb’s test (Demonstration)
13. Study of E.coli Diauxic Growth Curve - (Lactose and Glucose).
14. Study of lac Gene Expression using Blue -White Selection.
15. Chloroplast isolation using density gradient centrifugation.
16. Expression of β-galactosidase and Measurement of Activity. 2
(PRACTICA
LS based on
USBT305
and
USBT306)
Page 31
SEMESTER IV
Course code Title Credits
USBTP401 1. Screening for an Antibiotic Producing Strain of
Microorganism by Crowded plate Technique.
2. Screening for an Antibiotic Producing Strain of
Microorganism by Wilkin Overlay plate Technique
3. MIC of any one antibiotic
4. MLC of any one antibiotic
5. Antibiotic sensitivity test using agar cup method
6. Antibiotic sensitivity test using paper disc method
7. Antibiotic sensitivity test using ditch method.
8. To study synergistic action of drugs
9. Study of Chromosomal Aberrations - Deletion, Duplication,
Inversion, Translocation and Syndromes - Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18, Klinefelter, Turner and Cri-du-Chat.
10. Induction of Polyploidy by PDB Treatment using Suitable
Plant Material.
11. Study of Polytene Chromosomes.
12. Mappin g based on Tetrad Analysis and Three Point Cross.
13. Pedigree Analysis - Autosomal and Sex -Linked.
14. Material/Microscopic observation/display of photographs of
human pathogens as per theory syllabus Paramyxovirus
virus, Rhabdovirus, HIV.
15. Material/Microscopic observation/display of photographs of
human pathogens as per theory syllabus - fungi -Candida
albicans, Tinea, Trichomonas vaginalis. 2
(PRACTIC
ALS based
on
USBT401
and
USBT402)
USBTP402 1. Purification of any TWO Organic Compounds by
Recrystallization Selecting Suitable Solvent.
2. Estimation of Acetone
3. Estimation of Amide
4. Estimation of Benzoic Acid.
5. Organic Preparations (Any ONE salt) :
a) Acetylation of Primary Amine (Preparation of Acetanilide).
b) Base Catalysed Aldol Condensation (Synthesis of
Dibenzalpropanone).
6. Separation of Binary (Solid -Solid) Mixture (Min TWO).
7. Identification of Organic Compounds of Known Chemical
Type (Min TWO).
a. Preliminary examination
b. Solubility profile
c. Detection of elements C, H, (O), N, S and X.
d. Detection of functional groups 2
(PRACTIC
ALS based
on
USBT403
and
USBT404)
Page 32
e. Determination of physical constants (M.P/B.P)
f. Confirmatory tests to be performed.
8. Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity in
Blood Serum.
9. Determination of Total, LDL and HDL Cholesterol in Serum.
10. Organ Function Tests: Liver (SGPT, SGOT); Kidney (Urea
from serum).
11. Estimation of Uric Acid and Creatinine in Urine.
12. Qualitative Detection of Ketone Body in Urine.
13. HPLC analysis and Interpretation of any one Secondary
Metabolite from Plants
14. HPTLC fingerprint analysis of any one Medicinally Important
Plant.
15. Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
and its Characterisation by UV- VIS Spectrophotometer.
Course code Title Credits
USBTP403
(PRACTIC
ALS based
on
USBT405
and
USBT406) 1. Familiarization with NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ, PIR, KEGG databases.
2. Use of NCBI BLAST Tool.
3. Pairwise and Multiple Sequence Alignment.
4. Classification of Proteins using CATH and SCOP.
5. Visualization PDB Molecules using PyMOL and Swiss -PDB
Viewer.
6. Isolation and Detection of RNA from Bacteria OR Yeast.
7. Restriction site analysis of lambda phage DNA.
8. Primer Designing through Open Online Source NCBI - BLAST.
9. DNA Amplification – PCR.
10. Genetic Counseling and Molecular Diagnosis Genetic Testing
11. Case Studies - for Cystic Fibrosis; Fragile X Diagnostic and
Carrier.
12. Problems based on correlation,
13. Problems based on t test,
14. Problems based on z -test
15. Problems based on Chi Square Test
16. Problems based on Regression 2
Page 33
Teaching pattern:
One (01) Credit would be of thirty to forty (30 -40) learning hours; of this, more than fifty
per cent of the time will be spent on classroom instructions including practical as prescribed
by the University. Rest of the time spent invested for assignments, projects, journal writing,
case studies, library work, industrial visits, attending seminars/workshops, preparations
for examinations etc. would be considered as notional hours. The present syllabus considers
(45 Lectures as classroom teaching and 15 lectures as No tional hours/ paper). Each lecture
duration would be for 48 min. The names of the reference books provided in the syllabus
are for guidance purposes only. Students and faculty are encouraged to explore additional
reference books, online lectures, videos, science journals for latest/ additional information.
EVALUATION SCHEME
The performance of the learners shall be evaluated into TWO Parts.
1. Internal Assessment with 25 marks
2. Semester End Examinations with 75 marks.
Practical Training will have Practical Examination for 100 marks per practical paper at
the end of Semester. The allocation of marks for the Internal Assessment and Semester
End Examinations are as follows: -
For Core subjects:
A. Internal Exam -25 Marks
i. Test/Assignment/Project/Presentation – 20 Marks
ii. Activities and Attendance - 5 Marks
B. Semester End Examination - 75 Marks
C. Practical Examination – Each practical paper Sem -3 (USBTP301, USBTP302,
USBTP303) and Sem - 4 (USBTP401, USBTP402, USBTP403) of 100 marks = 3 core
practical papers
For Ability Enhancement Course:
A. Internal Exam -25 Marks
i. Assignment/Project/Presentation – 20 Marks
ii. Activities and Attendance - 5 Marks
B. Semester End Examination - 75 Marks
Page 34
REFERENCES
SEMESTER III
1. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seventh edition. KEITH WILSON
AND JOHN WALKER
2. Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences, Prakash S. Bisen Anjana Sharma. International Standard
Book Number -13: 978-1-4665 -1241 -2
3. Industrial Microbiology - A. H. Patel
4. Industrial Microbiology - L. E. Casida - John Wiley & Sons
5. Microbiology –6th Edition (2006), Pelczar M.J., Chan E.C.S., Krieg N.R., The McGraw Hill Companies
Inc. NY
6. Presscott‘s Microbiology, 8th edition (2010), Joanne M Willey, Joanne Willey, Linda
7. Sherwood, Linda M Sherwood, Christopher J Woolverton, Chris Woolverton, McGraw Hill Science
Engineering, USA
8. Textbook of Medical Microbiology - Anantnarayan
9. Microbiology - Frobisher
10. General Principles of Microbiology - Stanier
11. Fermentation technology by Stanbury and Whittkar
12. Basic principles of medical microbiology and immunology. Kayser, F. H., Bienz, K. A., Ckert, J. E., &
Zinkeernagel, R. M. (2005).Kayser, F. H., Bienz, K. A., Ckert, J. E., & Zinkeernagel, R. M. (2005).
13. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories -CDC
14. LABORATORY BIOSAFETY MANUAL FOURTH EDITION -WHO
15. Laboratory Quality Management System handbook - WHO
16. College Organic Chemistry T.Y. B.Sc., ISBN Number : 978-93-5299 -235-5
17. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhatacharjee, 7th Edition, Pearson
Education (2011).
18. Organic Chemistry, T.W.G. Solomon and C.B. Fryhle, 9th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, (2008)
19. A guide to mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Peter Sykes, Pearson Education
20. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry , G. Marc Loudon, 4th Edition Oxford Organic Chemistry,
L.G. Wade Jr and M.S. Singh, 6th Edition,2008
21. Organic Chemistry, Paula Y. Bruice, Pearson Education, 2008
22. Organic Chemistry, J.G. Smith, 2nd Edition Special Indian Edition, Tata 21 McGraw Hill
23. Organic Chemistry, S.H. Pine, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd
24. NCERT XIth, XIIth Physics Textbook.
25. Kuby immunology, Judy Owen , Jenni Punt , Sharon Stranford., 7th edition (2012),
Freeman and Co., NY
26. Textbook of basic and clinical immunology, 1st edition (2013), Sudha Gangal and
Shubhangi Sontakke, University Press, India
27. Immunology, 7th edition (2006), David Male, Jonathan Brostoff, David Roth, Ivan
Roitt, Mosby, USA.
28. Genes XI, 11th edition (2012), Benjamin Lewin, Publisher - Jones and Barlett Inc. USA
29. iGenetics - Peter Russell -Pearson Education
30. Biophysical Chemistry by James P Allen.
Page 35
SEMESTER IV
1. Methods in Biostatistics - B. K. Mahajan –Jaypee Brothers
2. Lehninger , Principles of Biochemistry. 5th Edition (2008), David Nelson & Michael Cox, W.H. Freeman
and company, NY.
3. Introductory Biostatistics. 1st edition. (2003), Chap T. Le. John Wiley, USA
4. Methods in Biostatistics - B. K. Mahajan –Jaypee Brothers
5. Introductory Biostatistics. 1st edition. (2003), Chap T. Le. John Wiley, USA
6. Outlines of Biochemistry: 5th Edition, (2009), Erice Conn & Paul Stumpf ; John Wiley and Sons, USA
7. Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition (1997), Jeffory Zubey, McGraw -Hill College, USA
8. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. 3rd Edition (2008), Donald Voet & Judith Voet , John Wiley and Sons, I.
USA
9. Biochemistry: 7th Edition, (2012), Jeremy Berg, Lubert Stryer, W.H.Freeman and company, NY
10. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry.3rd Edition, (2001), David Plummer, Tata McGraw Hill Edu.
Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi, India
11. Biochemical Methods.1st , (1995), S. Sadashivam, A.Manickam, New Age International Publishers, India
12. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7th Edition, Thomas M. Devlin, January 2010,
13. Proteins: biotechnology and biochemistry, 1st edition (2001), Gary Walsch, Wiley, USA
14. Biochemical Calculations, 2nd Ed., (1997) Segel Irvin H., Publisher: John Wiley and Sons, New York.
15. Mim’s Medical Microbiology 5th edition
16. College Organic Chemistry T.Y. B.Sc., ISBN Number : 978-93-5299 -235-5
17. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhatacharjee, 7th Edition, Pearson
Education (2011).
18. Organic Chemistry, T.W.G. Solomon and C.B. Fryhle, 9th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, (2008)
19. A guide to mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Peter Sykes, Pearson Education
20. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry , G. Marc Loudon, 4th Edition Oxford
Organic Chemistry, L.G. Wade Jr and M.S. Singh, 6th Edition,2008
21. Organic Chemistry, Paula Y. Bruice, Pearson Education, 2008
22. Organic Chemistry, J.G. Smith, 2nd Edition Special Indian Edition, Tata 21 McGraw Hill
23. Organic Chemistry, S.H. Pine, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd
24. Research methodology - C.R. Kothari
25. Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications: Genomics, Proteomics and Drug Discovery, N.
Mendiritta, P. Rastogi, S. C. Rastogi
26. Cell and Molecular Biology – De Robertis - Lippincott Williams& Wilkins
27. Karp's Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments —Karp – Wiley International
28. Molecular Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Methods, and Clinical Applications Third Edition, Lela
Buckingham.
29. Cytogenetics, P. K. Gupta.
30. https://spdbv.unil.ch/
31. https://pymol.org/2/
32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer -blast/
33. https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
34. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/emboss_needle/
35. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/
Prof. Shivram S. Garje,
Dean ,
Faculty of Science and Technology