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Item No. 4.298
AC item no
Syllabus for S .Y.B.Sc.
Program B. Sc
Course: ZOOLOGY
Semester III and IV
(Credit Based Semester and Grading System )
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Program: S.Y.B. Sc.
Course: Zoology
(Choice Based Credit Semester and Grading System
With effect from the academic year 2017 –2018)
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Item No. 4.298
Syllabus Committee Members
Principal Dr Vijay Joshi Convenor
Dr. Supriya Deshpande Co- convenor
Ms. Seema Ajbani
Dr.Vaishali Somani
Dr.Leena Muralidharan Co- convenor
Member
Member
Dr. Rishikesh Dalvi
Dr Shashibhal Pandey
Dr Raghav Mishra
Dr.Rupinder Kaur Member
Member
Member
Member
Dr.Zeenat Surve Member
Dr Vishaka .S Member
Ms Ugeshkumari Singh Member
Dr Surekha Gupta Member
Ms.Deepti Deshpande Member
Dr.Mangal Chavan Member
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Item No. 4.298
Syllabus for
S.Y.B.Sc.
Course – ZOOLOGY
To be imp lemented from Academic year 2017- 18
SEMESTER - III
COURSE
CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES/
WEEK
USZO301 I Fundamentals of Genetics,
2 1
II Chromosomes and Heredity 1
III Nucleic acids 1
USZO302 I Study of Nutrition and Excretion
2 1
II Study Respiration and C irculation 1
III Control and coordination, Locomotion and
Reproduction 1
USZO303 I Amazing animals
2 1
II Ethology and Conservation Biology 1
III Applied Zoology 1
USZOP3 Practical s based on all three courses 03 9
SEMESTER - IV
COURSE CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES/
WEEK
USZO401 I Comparative Embryology
2 1
II Aspects of Human Reproduction 1
III Scientific Attitude , Methodology ,
Writing and E thics 1
USZO402 I Cell Biology
2 1
II Endo membrane System 1
III Biomolecules 1
USZO403 I Holistic H ealth
2 1
II Neurological and genetic diseases 1
III Pollution 1
USZOP4 Practical s based on all three courses 03 9
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Item No. 4.298
Syllabus for
S.Y.B.Sc .
Course – ZOOLOGY
1. Syllabus Semester I II & IV (Theory and Practical)
2. References and Additional Reading
3. Scheme of Examination and Paper Pattern ( Theory and Practical)
4. Model Question bank
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Item No. 4.298
S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester III
Semester IV
Course 5
Course 6 Course 7 Course 8 Course 9 Course 10
Unit 1
Fundamentals of
Genetics Unit 1
Study of
Nutrition &
Excretion Unit 1
Amazing
animals Unit 1
Comparative
Embryology
Unit 1
Cell Biology
Unit 1
Holistic Health
Unit 2
Chromosome &
Heredity Unit 2
Study of
Respiration &
Circulation Unit 2
Ethology and
Conservation
Biology Unit 2
Aspects of
Human
Reproduction Unit 2
Endomembrane
System
Unit 2
Neurological
and G enetic
diseases
Unit 3
Nucleic Acids Unit 3
Control and
Coordination
Locomotion
&
Reproduction Unit 3
Applied
Zoology Unit 3
Scientific
Attitude,
Methodology,
Writing &
Ethics
Unit 3
Biomolecules
Unit 3
Pollution
Practical I
Practical II
Practical III
Practical I
Practical II
Practical III
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S.Y.B.Sc SYLLABUS DRAFT
SEMESTER III
Sr.
No USZO 301 COURSE- 5 No of lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Fundamentals of Genetics, Chromosomes and Heredity, Nucleic
acids
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Genetics 15L 25hrs
Objectives :
To Introduce basic terms of genetics
To study Mendel ian principles of inheritance and other patterns of
inheritance
. Desired outcomes :
Understand and apply the principles of inheritance.
Understand the concept of multiple alleles, linkage and crossing
over.
1.1 Introduction to genetics
Definition, scope and importance of genetics.
Classical and Modern concept of Gene (Cistron, muton, recon).
Brief explanation of the following terms: Allele, wild type and
mutant allele s, locus, dominant and recessive traits, homozygous and
heterozygous, genotype and phenotype, genome. 2L 2hrs
1.2 Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics : Monohybrid cross, Dihybrid cross, test cross,
back cross, Mendel’s laws of Inheritance, Mendelian traits in man.
Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance: Incomplete dominance, Co-
dominance, Lethal alleles, Epistasis - Recessive, D ouble recessive,
dominant and double dominant.
Chromosome theory of inheritance.
Pedigree analysis -Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive, X -
linked dominant, and X -linked recessive 8L 12hrs
1.3 Multiple Alleles and Multiple Genes
Concept of multiple alleles, C oat colour in rabbit, ABO and Rh
blood group systems
Polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour in man.
Concept of pleiotropy. 3L 06hrs
1.4 Linkage and Crossing Over
Linkage and crossing over, types of crossing over, cytological basis of crossing over.
2L 05hrs
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Unit: 2: Chromosomes and Heredity 15 L 26hrs
Learning objectives:
To familiarize the learners with the structure, types and
classification of chromosomes.
To introduce the concept of sex determination and its types, sex
influenced and sex limited genes.
Desired Outcomes:
Learners would understand the structure and types of chromosomes.
Learners would understand mechanisms of sex determination.
Learners would be able to correlate the disorders linked to a
particular sex chromosome.
2.1 Chromosomes
Types of chromosomes –Autosomes and S ex chromosomes
Chromosome structure - Heterochromatin, Euchromatin
Classification based on the position of centromere
Endomitosis, Giant chromosomes - Polytene and Lamp brush
chromosomes and significance of Balbiani rings.
4L 8hrs
2.2 Sex- determination
Chromosomal Mechanisms: XX -XO, XX- XY, ZZ -ZW.
Sex determination in honey bees - Haplodiploidy,
Sex determination in Drosophila -Genic balance theory, intersex,
gynandromorphs.
Parthenogenesis.
Hormonal influence on sex determination- Freemartin and sex
reversal.
Role of environmental factors - Bonellia and Crocodile
Barr bodies and Lyon hypothesis 7L 10hrs
2.3 Sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited inheritance.
X-Linked: Colourblindness, Haemophilia
Y-linked: Hypertrichosis
Sex-influenced genes
Sex limited genes 4L 8hrs
Unit: 3 Nucleic acids 15 L 30hrs
Objectives :
To introduce to the learners the classical experiments proving DNA
as the genetic material.
To make the learner understand the structure of nucleic acids and
the concept of central dogma of molecular biology.
To familiarize the learner with the concept of gene regulation.
Desired Outcomes:
Learner would understand the importance of nucleic acids as
genetic material.
The learners would understand and appreciate the regulation of
gene expressions.
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3.1 Genetic material
Griffith’s transformation experiments, Avery -Macleod and
McCarty, Hershey Chase experiment of Bacteriophage infection
Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids.
Double helix nature of DNA, Solenoid model of DNA.
Types of DNA – A, B, Z & H forms.
DNA in Prokaryotes -chromosomal and plasmid.
Extra nuclear DNA - mitochondria and chloroplast.
RNA as a genetic material in viruses.
Types of RN A: Structure and function. 7L 14hrs
3.2 Flow of genetic information in a Eukaryotic cell
DNA Replication
Transcription of mRNA
Translation
Genetic code 5L 08hrs
3.3 Gene Expressions and regulation
One gene -one enzyme hypothesis /one polypeptide hypothesis
Concept of operon
Lac operon 3L 08hrs
Sr.
No USZO 302 COURSE -6 No of lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Study of Nutrition and Excretion , Respiration and circulation,
Control and coordination, Locomotion and Reproduction
Unit: 1 Study of Nutrition and Excretion 15L 23hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of nutrition, excretion and
osmoregulation.
To expose the learners to various nutritional apparatus, excretory
and osmoregulatory structures in different classes of organisms.
Desired Outcome :
Learners would understand the increasing complexity of
nutritional, excretory and osmoregulatory physiology in
evolutionary hierarchy.
Learners would be able to correlate the habit and habitat with
nutritional, excretory and osmoregulatory structures.
1.1 Comparative study of Nutritional Apparatus (structure and function ):
Amoeba, Hydra, Earthworm, Cockroach, Bivalve, Amphioxus, Pigeon, Ruminants.
5L 06hrs
1.2 Physiology of digestion in man
2L 04hrs
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1.3 Comp arative study of Excretory and O smoregulatory structures and
function
a. Amoeba - contractile vacuoles
b. Planaria - Flame cells
c. Earthworm - Nephridia
d. Cockroach- Malphigian tubules and green gland
e. Bivalve - Organ of Bojanus
5L 08hrs
1.4 Categorization of animals based on principle nitrogenous excretory
products 1L 01hrs
1.5 Structure of kidney, U riniferous tubule and physiology of urine
formation in man. 2L 04hrs
Unit: 2 Study of Respiration and C irculation 15L 27hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of respiration and
circulation
To expose the learners to various respiratory and circulatory
structures in different classes of organisms.
Desired Outcome:
Learners would understand the increasing complexity of respiratory
and circulatory physiology in evolutionary hierarchy.
Learners would be able to correlate the habit and habitat with
respiratory and circulatory structures.
2.1 Comparative study of Respiratory organs (structure and function)
Earthworm, Spider, Rohu , Frog and Pigeon. 3L 06hrs
2.2 Accessory respiratory structures: Anabas /Clarius 1L 02hrs
2.3 Structure of lungs and physiology of respiration in man 2L 04hrs
2.4 Comparative study of circulation: Open and closed - single and
double 1L 02hrs
2.5 Types of circulating fluids - Water, coelomic fluid, haemolymph,
lymph and blood. 2L 02hrs
2.6 Comparative study of Hearts (Structure and function)
Earthworm, Cockroach, Shark, Frog, Crocodile and Pigeon
4L 07hrs
2.7 Structure and mechanism of working of heart in man
2L 04hrs
Unit: 3 Control and coordination, Locomotion and
Reproduction
15L
25hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of control and coordination
and locomotion and reproduction
To expose the learners to various locomotory and reproductive
structures in different classes of organisms
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Desired Outcome :
Learners would understand the process of control and coordination
by nervous and endocrine regulation.
Learners would be fascinated by various locomotory structures found in the animal kingdom.
Learners would be acquainted with various reproductive strate gies
present in animals.
3.1 Control and coordination
Irritability – Paramoecium , Nerve net i n Hydra, Nerve ring and
nerve cord in earthworm
Types of neurons on the basis of structure and function
Conduction of nerve impulse: Resting potential, acti on potenti al and
refractory period
Synaptic transmission
Endocrine regulation: Hormones as chemical messengers, feedback
mechani sms 5L 08hrs
3.2 Movement and Locomotion
Locomotory organs - structure and functions
a. Pseudopodia in Amoeba (sol gel theory), C ilia in Paramecium
b. Wings and legs in Cockroach
c. Tube feet in Starfish
d. Fins of fish 4L 08hrs
3.3 Structure of Striated muscle fibre in human and Sliding filament
theory 2L 02 hrs
3.4 Reproduction
a. Asexual Reproduction- Fission, fragmentation, gemmule formation,
budding
b. Sexual reproduction
i. Gametogenesis
ii. Structure of male and female gametes in human
iii. Types of fertilization
iv. Oviparity, viviparity, ovo -viviparity 4L 07hrs
USZO 303 COURSE -7
Amazing a nimals , Ethology and Conservation biology, Applied
Zoology
Unit: 1 Amazing animals 15L 26hrs
Objective:
To introduce the learners to the fascinating facts of animal life.
To study the natural history and marvelous world of animals
Desired Outcome:
Learners will become familiar with the enthralling animal world.
Learners will appreciate the use of unique abilities of animals in
development of technology.
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1.1 Natural History
Introduction and life timeline
Butterflies the flying jewels - Blue Mormon, Striped tiger.
Herpetofauna of India - Flying frog, Fan Throated lizard and Gharial
Feathered Bipeds: Kingfisher, Drong o
Mammals of India: Malabar giant squirrel and Lemur 2L 03hrs
1.2 The world’s most amazing animals
Octopus
Spider
Mudskipper
Flying fish
Pebble toad
Strawberry poison frog
Komodo dragon
Lesser flamingo
Great white pelican
Spatuletail hummingbird
Cheetah 5L 10hrs
1.3 Five most i ncredible animals d iscovered within the last d ecade
The purple (Joker) Crab, The African dwarf S awshark (Stabbing
Shark), The Psychedelic (Crime Fighting) Gecko, The Matilda
Viper and The Michael Jackson Monkey 5L 10hrs
1.4 Marvels of Animals
Animal s with special abilities
Mantis shrimp: Fastest punch
Homing in Pacific Salmon
Sperm whale: Mechanism of deep sea diving.
3L 3hrs
Unit: 2 Ethology and Conservation Biology 15L 27hrs
Objective:
To equip learners with a sound knowledge of how animals interact
with one another and with their environment.
To enable the learners to understand the different patterns of
animal behavior .
To make the learners aware of the rapid l oss of biodiversity and the
different methods for its protection.
Desired Outcome:
Learners would gain an insight into different types of animal
behavior and their role in adaptation.
Learners would be come sensitized to protect and manage
biodiversity in a sensible and sustainable manner.
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2.1 Introduction to Ethology
Definition and scope.
Nature v/s Nurture, Innate behavior and Learning 2L 06hrs
2.2 Types of Animal behavior
Defensive behavior in octopus.
Predatory behavior in Lion.
Schooling in fishes
Aggressive behavior in Gorilla.
Courtship behavior in Great Crested Grebe.
Territorial behavior in tiger
Social behavior in E lephants 3L 06hrs
2.3 Animal Communication
Definition, components
Types of communication -Visual, Sound, Tactile, Chemical. 4L 06hrs
2.4 Conservation Biology
Concept, HIPPCO, Extinction crisis
In-situ and ex situ conservation strategies. 2L 06hrs
2.5 Case Study: Community Conservancies
Snow Leopard Conservancy in India
Community -based Nature Conservancy (CNC) in Tadoba
Community Wildlife Conservancies in Namibia
Lewa and Maa sai Mara Wildlife Conservancies in Kenya 4L 03hrs
Unit : 3 Applied Zoology 15L 24hrs
Objective :
To introduce the learner to the science of vermicomposting and
dairy.
To make the learner aware about care of different pet animals.
Desired Outcome:
Learner will understand the science of vermicomposting and dairy.
Learner will appreciate and respect domestic pets through proper
care.
3.1 Vermiculture and Vermicomposting
Introduction
Different species of earthworms used in vermiculture.
Vermicomposting: Methods, maintenance and harvesting.
Advantages of vermiculture, and vermicomposting. 5L 08hrs
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3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
Dairy science
Role of Dairy development in rural economy
Milk and milk products
Composition of milk
Milk products: Skimmed milk, Milk Powder, Cheese, Curd, Yogurt,
Paneer, Khoya, Butter, Ghee, Ice cream 5L
08hrs
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5 Care of Pet animals
Ornamental fish: Care and Breeding behaviour of ornamental fishes:
Gold fish, Siamese fighting fish, Freshwater Angelfish, Oscar. Management of common diseases of ornamental fishes - Fin and Tail
rot disease, Dropsy, White spot disease.
Dog Breeds: Labrador, German Shepherd,
Chihuahua, Mudhol hound and Combai.
Cat breeds: Siamese cat, Persian cat.
Nutrition, vaccination and care of pet dogs and cats. 5L 08hrs
SEMESTER III
Practical USZOP3 ( Course V)
1 Extraction and detection of DNA
2 Extraction and detection of RNA.
3 Mounting of Barr bodies.
4 Study of P olytene chromosome.
5 Study of mitosis - temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
6 Detection of blood groups and Rh factor.
7 Problems in genetics
a. Monohybrid/ Dihybrid cross b. X - linked inheritance c. Multiple alleles
8 Chromosome morphology: Metaphase spreadsheet (photograph to be provided)
9 Pedigree analysis
10 Problems on molecular biology
Practical USZOP3 ( Course VI)
1 Urine analysis —Normal and abnormal constituents
2 Detection of ammonia in water excreted by fish
3 Detection of uric acid from excreta of Birds
4 Study of striated and nonstriated muscle fibre
5 Study of nutritional Apparatus (Amoeba, Hydra, Earthworm, Pigeon, Ruminant
stomach)
6 Study of respiratory structures:
a. Gills of Bony fish and Cartilaginous fish.
b. Lungs of Frog
c. Lungs of Mammal.
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d. Accessory respiratory structure in Anabas (Labyrinthine organ )
e. Air sacs of Pigeon.
7 Study of locomotory organs ( Amoeba , Unio , Cockroach, Starfish, Fish, and Birds)
8 Study of hearts (Cockroach, Shark, Frog, Calotes , Crocodile, Mammal)
9 Study of permanent slides on topic of Reproduction
a. Sponge gemmules
b. Hydra budding
c. T.S. of mammalian testis
d. T.S. of mammalian ovary
Practical USZOP3 ( Course VII)
1 Preparation of paneer from given milk sample .
2 Measurement of density of milk using different samples by Lactometer .
3 Various breeds of Cows:
Indigenous: Red Sindhi and Sa hiwal. Exotic: Jersey, Holstein Friesian (Identification
using photographs)
4 Various breeds of Buffalo:
Murrah, Nagpuri and Jaffrabadi (Identification using photographs)
5 Setting up of Freshwater aquarium in the Laboratory.
6 Animal behavior:
• Communication in animals:
a) Chemical signals i ) Alarm pheromones in honey bee
ii ) Trailing pheromones in ants.
b) Visual signal in P eacock and S pider
c) Sound signal in Vervet Monkey and Bull frog.
d) Tactile communication in mother tiger.
• Nesting behavior and parental care in birds (Horn bill and Emperor penguin)
7 Study of Marine National park and Sanctuaries
• Mahatma Gandhi Marine N ational P ark (Andaman)
• Gahirmatha Marine N ational P ark (Orissa)
• Malvan M arine S anctuary
8 Identifications of amazing animals with the help of photographs:
Pistol Shrimp Suicidal Ant, Self -healing Axolotl , Pebble toad, Flying Snake,
Hippopotamus’ Blood- Sweat Sunscreen
9 Study of amazing animal hybrids with the help of photog raphs:
Liger, Zebroid, Grizzly polar bear, Savannah Cat, Wholphin.
10 Study of animals that have inspired technology:
Bat and Radar, Nautilus and submarine, Birds and Aeroplane
11 Field visit - Visit to vermicomposting unit or Visit to Aquarium or wild life sanctuaries
and submission of report. (Report may be submitted in a group not exceeding five
students).
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Note -The practicals may be conducted by using specimens authorised by the wildlife and such
other regulating authorities though it is strongly recommended that the same should be taught by
using photographs/audio -visual aids/ simulations / models, etc. as recommended by the UGC and as
envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring bodies. No new specimens, however, shall be
procured for the purpose of conducting practicals mentio ned here-in-above.
#There shall be at least one excursion/field trip .
Semester –III
REFERENCE BOOK S AND ADDITIONAL READING
COURSE- V (USZO301)
1. Principles of Genetics. Gardner, E .J., Simmons, M .J and Snustad, D .P. John Wiley
and Sons
2. Concepts of Genetics. Klug, W.S., Cummings M.R., Spencer, C.A. Benjamin
Cummings.
3. Genetics - A Molecular Approach. Russell, P. J Benjamin Cummings.
4. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes. Daniel L. , Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones
Jones & Bartlett Publishers
5. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler . S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and
Carroll, S.B. W. H. Freeman and Co.
6. Cell Biology , Genetics, Molecular Biology Evolution and Ecology. Verma P.S. and
Agra wal P.K., 9th edition, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi .
7. Princip les of Genetics – Eight edition - Eldon john Gardner, Michael J. Simmons, D.
Peter Snustad
8. Genetics - Weaver, Hedrick, third edition, Mc Graw Hill Education
9. Genetics A Mendelian approach Peter J.Russel, Pearson Benjamin Cummings
10. Genetics A conceptual approach, Benjamin A. Pierce, Southwestern University, W.H.
Freeman and company, New York
11. Genetics, Third Edition, Monroe W. Strickberger
12. Genetics from gene to genome, third edition, Leela nd H. Hartwell, Leeroy Hood,
Michael 7. L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, Lee M. Silver, McGraw Hill Education
COURSE- VI (USZO30 2)
1. Vertebrate Zoology Volume I- Jordan and Verma , S. Chand and Co.
2. Invertebrate Zoology Volume II - Jordan and Verma , S. Chand and Co.
3. Invertebrate Zoology- Majupuria T. C., Nagin S.and Co.
4. Chordate Zoology- Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K. , R. Chand and Co.
5. Invertebrate Zoology- Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K., R. Chand and Co.
6. Introduction to Vertebrates - Moore Cambridge U niversity - Low Priced Edition.
7. Zoology- Miller S. A. and Harley J. B., Tata McGraw Hill.
8. Modern Textbook of Zoology, Invertebrates, Kotpal R. L.
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Item No. 4.298
9. Biological Science, Taylor D.J., Stout G.W., Green N.P.O, Soper R.,Cambridge
University Press.
COURSE- VII (USZO30 3)
1 Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
2 Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology and Evolution Stephen Vessey , Elizabeth
Jacob, S. H. Vessey and L. C. Drickamer, McGraw -Hill.
3 Animal Behaviour - David McFarland
4 Animal Behaviour - Mohan Arora
5 Animal Behaviour - Reena Mathur
6 An introduction to Animal Behaviour - Manning and Dawkins
7 Animal Behaviour -Agarwal
8 Principles of Animal Communication. Bradbury, J.W. and S.L. Vehrencamp. Sinauer
Assoc. Sunderland, Massachsets, USA.
9 The biology of Behaviour. Eibl -Eibesfeldt, I. Ethlogy. Holt,Rineheart & Winston, New
York.
10 Living in the Environment -Concepts, Connections and Solutions. G. Tyler Miller and
Scott E. Spoolman, Brooks/Cole, Cengage learning.
11 An introduction to conservation bi ology. Richard B. Primack and Anna A. Sher,
Sinauer Associates
12 FishLore.Com – Fresh water Aquarium Book- Free EBook
13 Ecology of The Planted Aquarium - A Practical Manual and Scientific Treatise for
Home Aquarist By Diana L. Walstad ( Echinodorous Publishing, North Carolina, U. S.
A. )
14 A practical Guide to Your Aquarium -WWW.worldofwater.com In Association with
practical fish keeping magazine www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk
15 Handbook on Aquafarming- Ornamental Fishes. Published by MPEDA
16 Diseases of ornamental fishes and their control - By A. P. Lipton (2006)
eprints.cmfri.org.in
17 The Book of Indian Dogs - S. Theodore Baskaran ( 2017) Aleph Book Company
18 Newsletters - Animal Welfare Board of India - awbi.org
19 Vermiculture Technology - Clive A. Edwards, Norman Q. Arancon and Rhonda
Sherman
20 Economic Zoology- Shukla G.S. & Upadhyay V.B., Rastogi Publications.
21 A handbook on Economic Zoology, S. Chand & Co.
22 Candler, W., & Kumar, N. (1998). India: The dairy revolution: The impact of dairy
development in India and the World Bank's contribution. World Bank Publications.
23 Park, Y. W., & Haenlein, G. F. (Eds.). (2013). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: production, composition and health. John Wiley & Sons.
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Item No. 4.298
24 Venkatasubramanian, V., Singh, A. K., & Rao, S. V. N. (2003). Dairy development in
India: An appraisal of challenges and achievements. Concept Publishing Company.
25 Shrivastava, J. S. M. (2008). Dairy Development In The New Millennium (The Second
White Revolution). Deep and Deep Publications.
26 http://listverse.com/2012/12/03/10 -amazing -animal -abilities/
27 www.toptenz.net/top- 10-amazing -animals- discovered -within -the-last-decade.php
28 dailynewsdig.com/top- 10-amazing -animal -hybrids.
29 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/16044142395584735/
30 www.naturalhistorymag.com/
31 https://naturalhistory.si.edu/ .
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SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(a) One Theory examination of hundred (100) marks per course per semester should be
conducted as per the following skeleton question paper pattern.
(b) One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course each should be conducted at the end
of every semester.
SKELETON PAPER PATTERN FOR THEORY EXAMINATION
NOTE: All Questions are compulsory .
Figures to the right indicate full marks .
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Time: 3 hours Total marks: 100
Q.1. Objective type from Unit I, II and III with No internal option s* 20
Q.2. Unit I may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.3. Unit II may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.4. Unit III may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.5. Unit I, II and III (Any 4 out of 6) 20
*For Question 1 it is recommended to have objective questions such as –
(i) Match the column ( ii) MCQ
(iii) Give one word for ( iv) True or False
(v) Define the term (vi ) Answer in one sentence
For Q 2, 3 and 4 there shall be 100% internal option.
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MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO301(COURSE V)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit : 1 ( 10 Mark s )
1. Define genetics and explain its scope and importance.
2. Explain Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
3. Describe in detail the monohybrid cross and state the Mendelian principle of
inheritance derived from it. Add a note on Co- dominance.
4. Describe in detail dihybrid cross and state the Mendelian principles of inheritance derived from it.
5. Discuss in br ief inheritance of Mendelian phenotypic traits in humans.
6. Describe incomplete dominance with a suitable example.
7. Describe Co -dominance with a suitable example.
8. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of double dominant epistasis.
9. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of recessive epistasis.
10. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of dominant epistasis
11. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of double recessive epistasis.
12. Explain the pattern of inheritance of recessiv e and dominant lethal alleles.
13. Explain the inheritance of multiple alleles with the help of a suitable example.
14. Describe polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour in
man.
15. Compare and contrast pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance.
16. Explain the phenomenon of linkage with respect to Morgan’s Experiment. Add a note
on the differences between complete and incomplete linkage.
17. Describe the pattern of inheritance of blood group and Rh factor in man.
18. Explain the cytological basis and molecular mechanisms of crossing over.
19. Explain pedigree analysis of X -linked recessive traits.
Unit : 1 ( 5 Marks)
1. Describe the classical concept of gene.
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2. Explain the modern concept of gene.
3. Differentiate between ( Any two):
(a) Genotype and phenotype of an organism
(b) Dominant and recessive traits
(c) Gene and genome .
(d) Homozygous and heterozygous
(e) Monohybrid and dihybrid cross
(f) Incomplete Dominance and co -dominance
(g) Multiple alleles and polygenes
(h) Test cross and backcross
4. Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
5. Write a note on the chromosome theory of inheritance.
6. Describe co -dominance with a suitable example.
7. Give an account of the symbols used in human Pedigree analysis
8. Characteristics of autosomal dominant traits
9. Characteristics of X -linked recessive traits
10. Characteristics of autosomal recessive traits
11. Characteristics of X -linked dominant traits
12. Intermediate lethal alleles
13. Phenylketoneuria
14. Albinism
15. Explain the inheritance of skin colour in humans.
16. Write a note on pleiotropy.
Unit: 2 (10 Marks).
1. Explain the structure of eukaryotic Chromosome.
2. Classify chromosomes on the basis of position of centromere.
3. Give a detailed account of Polytene chromosomes.
4. Explain any two mechanisms of chromosomal basis of sex determination.
5. Explain the inheritance of colour blindness in man.
6. Explain sex determi nation in man/ Honey bee/ Birds / Drosophila.
Unit: 2 (05 Marks)
1. Describe the terms euchromatin and heterochromatin.
2. Write a note on polytene chromosomes.
3. Write a note on Lampbrush chromosomes.
4. Write a note o n salivary gland chromosome of Drosophila.
5. Write a note on Balbiani rings.
6. Explain endomitosis.
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7. Write a note on Gyanandromorphs .
8. Explain the role of environment on sex determination.
9. Explain the role of hormones in sex determination.
10. Explain hypertrichosis.
11. Differentiate between sex linked and sex influenced genes.
12. Differentiate between human X and Y chromosome.
13. Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
14. Write a note on Lyons hypothesis.
15. What are Barr bodies? Give a scientific reason that Barr bodies are present only in
women and not in men.
16. Give a scientific reason that Y chromosome is a sex determining chromosome in man.
17. Explain parthenogenesis.
18. Give scientific reason that the X linked genes affect males more than females in human beings.
19. What is centromere? Explain its role during cell division.
Unit: 3 (10 marks)
1. Describe Griffith transformation experiment.
2. Explain Avery, Macleod, McCarty’s experiment
3. Give an account of Hershey Chase experiment of bacteriophage infection.
4. Write a note on types of DNA .
5. Explain RNA as a genetic material .
6. Describe the process of DNA replication
7. Write in detail the process of transcription
8. Discuss the process of translation
9. What is gene expression? D escribe the regulation of gene s with Lac operon.
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
Write short notes on :
1. Chemical composition of nucleic acid
2. A and B DNA
3. Plasmid
4. Function of mRNA
5. Function of tRNA
6. Genetic code
7. One gene one enzyme hypothesis
8. Concept of operon
9. Z DNA
10. H DNA
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11. Chromosomal DNA in prokaryotes
12. Mitochondrial DNA
13. DNA in chloroplast
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO302 (COURSE VI)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: ( 10 Marks)
1. Explain in detail the digestive system of earthworm.
2. Explain in detail the digestive system of cockroach.
3. Describe the digestive system in bivalve.
4. Describe the digestive system of pigeon.
5. With the help of a labeled diagram describe the structure and functions of ruminant
stomach.
6. Explain the physiology of digestion in cockroach.
7. Give an account of the enzymes involved in the process of digestion in cockroach.
8. With the help of a labeled diagram describe the structure of mammalian kidney.
9. Give a detailed account of process of urine formation in man.
10. With the help of a labeled diagram describe the stru cture of septal nephridium of
earthworm .
Unit 1: (05 Marks)
1. Write a note on nutrition apparatus in amoeba.
2. Describe briefly gastro -vascular cavity in hydra.
3. Write a note on Wheel organ of Amphioxus.
4. Write a note on ruminant stomach.
5. Write short note on digestion of proteins with respect to man.
6. Write short note on digestion of carbohydrates with respect to man
7. Write short note on digestion lipids with respect to man
8. Write short note contractile vacuoles as excretory and osmoregulatory structures in protozoa.
9. Write a note on flame cells.
10. Write a note on nephridia as excretory organs in earthworm.
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11. Describe briefly excretory and osmoregulatory structures in arthropods.
12. Write a note on Organ of Bojanus .
13. Write a note on structure of kidney in fish.
14. Write a no te on structure of amphibian kidney.
15. Write a note on structure of kidney in bird.
16. Write a note on structure of mammalian kidney.
17. Write a note on Ammonotelic organisms.
18. Write a note on Ureotelic organisms.
19. Write a note on Uricotelic organisms.
20. Write a note on ultrafiltration .
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. Describe briefly air sacs in pigeon.
2. Describe briefly the process of internal respiration with respect to man
3. Describe briefly the process of external respiration with respect to man
4. Give a brief account of types of circulating fluids present in animals.
5. Describe briefly mechanism of working of heart.
6. Describe briefly two chambered heart in shark.
7. Describe briefly structure of heart of frog.
8. Describe briefly heart of crocodile.
9. Give a brief account of heart of man.
Unit 2: (5 Mark s)
1. Write short note on cutaneous respiration.
2. Write a note on Spiracle in cockroach.
3. Write a note on book lungs in spider.
4. Explain the structure of gills of bony fish
5. Explain the structure of gills of cartilaginous fish.
6. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in frog.
7. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in man.
8. Explain briefly accessory respiratory structure in Anabas .
9. Write short note on open circulation.
10. Write short note on closed circulation.
11. Write a note on heart of c ockroach
12. Write a note on heart of earthworm.
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure and function.
2. Explain conduction of nerve impulse.
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3. Briefly describe synaptic transmission.
4. Describe briefly hormones as chemical messenger.
5. Explain briefly feedback mechanism of hormone regulation.
6. Explain sol -gel theory of amoeboid movement.
7. Describe ciliary movement in Paramecium .
8. Give an account on types of wings in insects.
9. Explain types of fins in Pisces.
10. Describe sliding filament theory.
11. Describe briefly asexual reproduction in animals.
12. Describe the structure and function of tube feet.
13. Describe spermatogenesis.
14. Describe oogenesis.
15. Describe briefly the structure of mammalian gametes.
16. Give an account on types of fertilization.
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on irritability in Paramecium .
2. Write a note on resting potential of nerve membrane.
3. Write a note on action potential of nerve membrane.
4. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure.
5. Describe briefly different types of neurons on the basis of functions.
6. Describe the structure of synapse.
7. Write a note on striated muscle fibre.
8. Describe the structure of cilia.
9. Give an account on types of legs in insects.
10. Write a note on ovo- vivipariry.
11. Write a note on vivipar ity.
12. Write a note on oviparity.
13. Describe the structure of mammalian egg.
14. Describe the structure of mammalian sperm.
15. Describe the formation of gemmule in sponges.
16. Write a note on budding as asexual reproduction in mammals
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO30 3 (COURSE VI I)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception .
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Unit 1: (10 Marks)
1. Give a brief account o f Blue mormon butterfly and Striped Tiger butterfly .
2. Describe special character s of Sperm whale that help them feed on squids .
3. Give a brief account on homing in Pacific Salmon.
4. Describe the behavior of Octopus and spider as most dedicated mothers in the world.
5. Describe the remarkable characters of fan throated lizard and flying frog.
6. Describe the marvelous characters of Mantis shrimp .
7. Give a brief account of Malabar giant squirrel and Lemur
8. Describe the marvelous characters of the Purple (Joker) crab and l esser flamingo.
9. Describe the marvelous characters of the Cheetah and t he M atilda viper.
10. Describe marvelous characters of the Stabbing Shark and Crime Fighting Gecko.
11. Describe marvelous characters of the Gharial and the Matilda Viper
12. Describe marvelous characters of the Michael Jackson Monkey and micro chameleon.
Unit 1: (5 Marks)
Write a short note on the remarkable characters in the following amazing animals:
1. Blue mormon butterfly
2. Striped Tiger butterfly
3. Mudskipper
4. Weedy sea dragon
5. Flying fish
6. Komodo dragon
7. Pebble toad
8. Lesser flamingo
9. Great white pelican
10. Spatuletail hummingbird
11. Strawberry poison frog
12. Kingfisher
13. Drongo
14. Malabar giant squirrel
15. Cheetah
16. Octopus
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. What is ethology? Comment on the nature versus nurture controversy.
2. Describe in brief the different modes of animal communication.
3. List the different types of animal communication and explain any two in detail.
4. Explain in detail the use of chemical signals in animal communication.
5. Explain in detail the use of sound signals in animal communication.
6. Explain in detail the use of visual signals in animal communication.
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7. Distinguish between home range and territory and describe the costs and benefits of
territoriality .
8. What are pheromones? Give an account of the different types of insect pheromones.
9. What is conservation biology? Discuss the in situ conservation strategies.
10. Describe in brief the ex situ conservation strategies.
11. Elaborate on HIPPCO.
12. Describe the current wild life extinction crisis.
13. Give a detailed account of any two Community based Wild life Conservancies in
India.
14. Explain how the Community Wildlife Conservancies have helped transform wild life conservation in Namibia and Kenya.
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Write notes on:
i. Defensive behavior in Octopus
ii. Predatory behavior in Lion
iii. Schooling behavior in fish
iv. Territorial behavior in tiger
v. Aggressive behavior in Gorilla
vi. Courtship behavior in Great Crested Grebe.
vii. Social behavior in Elephants
viii. Components of animal communication
ix. Tactile communication
x. Communication using sound signals
2. Differentiate between innate behavior and learning.
3. Are landscape biology and restoration ecology examples of in situ or ex situ
c onservation measures ? Why?
4. Write short notes on:
i. Biodiversity Hotspots
ii. Ecosystem Conservation/Landscape ecology
iii. Restoration ecology (Ecosystem Management),
iv. Captivity breeding
5. Describe in brief:
i. Snow Leopard Conservancy in India
ii. Community- based Nature Conservancy (CNC) in Tadoba
iii. Community Wildlife Conservancies in Namibia
iv. Lewa Wildlife Conservancies in Kenya
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
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1. Describe the different species of earthworms used in vermiculture.
2. Describe the m ethods used for vermic omposting.
3. Describe the maintenance and harvesting of vermicomposting.
4. Describe role of diary development in rural economy.
5. Describe the composition of milk
6. Describe care and breeding behavior of Gold fish and Siamese fighting fish
7. Describe care and breeding behavior of Freshwater Angelfish and Oscar fish .
8. Discuss the m anagement of f in and t ail rot disease and dropsy in ornamental fishes.
9. Elaborate on the m anagement of dropsy and w hite spot disease in ornamental fishes.
10. Describe nutrition, vaccination and care of pet dogs.
11. Describe nutrition, vaccination and care of pet cat s.
Unit 3 : (5 Marks)
Write notes on:
1. Advantages of vermiculture
2. Advantages of vermicomposting
3. Maintenance and harvesting of vermiculture
4. Skimmed milk and Milk powder
5. Cheese and Curd
6. Yogurt and Paneer
7. Khoya and Butter
8. Ghee and Ice cream
9. Dropsy and its control in ornamental fish
10. Fin and t ail rot disease and its control in ornamental fish
11. White spot disease and its control in ornamental fish
12. Labrador/ German Shepherd/ Chihuahua / Mudhol hound / Combai dog breed.
13. Persian cat/ Siamese cat breed .
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PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course V)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 15 marks
Q1. Extraction and detection of DNA
OR
Q1. Extraction and detection of RNA
Minor Question 07 marks
Q2. Mounting of Barr bodies
OR
Q2. Study of mitosis -Temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
OR Q2. Detection of blood groups and Rh factor
Q3. Problems on Genetics and Molecular biology (T ranscription /G eneti c code) 10 marks
(01 problem each)
Q4. Identification 08 marks
a. Chromosome morphology
b. Pedigree analysis
Q5. Viva and Journal 10 marks
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PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course VI)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 15 marks
Q1. Urine analysis —Normal and abnormal constituents
Minor Question 10 marks
Q2. Detection of ammonia in water excreted by fish
OR
Q2. Detection of uric acid from excreta of Birds
Q3. Identification 15 marks
c. Nutritional apparatus
d. Respiratory structures
e. Locomotory organs
f. Study of hearts
g. Permanent slides on reproduction
Q4. Viva 05 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks
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PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course VII)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 10 marks
Q1. Preparation of paneer from the given milk sample.
OR
Q1. Measurement of density of milk using different samples by lactometer
Q2. Identify and describe as per instructions (3 marks each) 18 marks
a. Any one Amazing Animal
b. Any one Animal hybrid
c. Any one Animal inspired technology
d. Any one from Animal behavior
e. Any one from Marine National park and Sanctuaries highlighted on a map
f. Any one breed of cow or buffalo
Q3. Submission of report on aquarium setting in lab 05 marks
Q4. Field report. 07 marks
Q5. Viva and Journal 10 marks
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SEMESTER IV
USZO401 COURSE -8
Comparative Embryology, Aspects of Human
Reproducti on and Scientific Attitude, Methodology,
Writing and Ethics
UNIT 1: Comparative Embryology 15L 25hrs
Objective:
To acquaint the learner with key concepts of embryology.
Desired Outcome s:
Learner will be able to understand and compare the different
pre- embryonic stages
Learner will be able to appreciate the functional aspects of extra embryonic membranes and classify the different types of
placentae.
1.1 Types of Eggs- Based on a mount and distribution of yolk 2L 4hrs
1.2 Structure and Types of Sperms 1L 1hr
1.3 Types of C leavages. - Holoblastic and Meroblastic 1L 3hrs
1.4 Types of Blastulae 1L 3hrs
1.5 Gastrulation 2L 4hrs
1.6 Coelom -Formation and types 2L 3hrs
1.7 Extra embryonic membranes
Types of P lacentae -Based on histology, morphology and
implantation 6L 10hrs
UNIT 2: Aspects of Human Reproducti on
15L
32hrs
Objective s:
To acquaint the learners with different aspects of human reproduction.
To make them aware of the causes of infertility, techniques to overcome infertility and the concept of birth control
Desired Outcome:
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Learners will able to understand human reproductive
physiology
Learners will become familiar with advances in ART and
related ethical issues.
2.1 Human Reproductive system and Hormonal regulation
Anatomy of human male and female reproductive system
Hormonal regulation of Reproduction
Impact of age on reproduction -Menopause and Andropause
2L 4hrs
2.2 Contraception & birth control
Difference between contraception and birth control
Methods of Contraception
Natural Methods : Abstinence , Rhythm method, Temperature
method, cervical mucus or Billings method, Coitus interruptus,
Lactation amenorrhea
Artificial methods : Barrier methods, Hormonal methods,
Intrauterine contraceptives, Sterilization, Termination,
Abortion
2L 4hrs
2.3
Infertility
Female infertility
Causes - Failure to ovulate; Production of infertile eggs; D amage
to the oviducts (oviduct scarring and PID or Pelvic inflammatory
disease, TB of oviduct), Damage to the Uterus ( Fibroids, polyps,
T. B. of uterus ) Damage to the cervix ; Antibodies to sperm;
Genetic causes; Recurrent abortions
Male infertility
Causes - Testicular failure , infections of epididymis, seminal
vesicles or prostate; Hypogonadism, C ryptorchidism, Congenital
abnormalities , Varicocele, B lockage, Azoospermia, Oligospermia,
Abnormal sperms (Teratozoospermia) , Reduced sperm motility
(Asthenozoospermi a); autoimmunity, ejaculatory disorders and
Idiopathic infertility
Role of endocrine disruptors in infertility 3L 6hrs
2.4 Infertility associated disorders
Endometriosis
Polycystic Ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
POF (Primary ovarian failure)
STDs
Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphilis and Genital Herpes 3L 6hrs
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2.5 Treatment of Infertilit y
Removal /reduction of causative environmental factors
Surgical treatment
Hormonal treatment - Fertility drugs
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Sperm banks, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos
Surrogacy 2L 6hrs
2.6 Techniques and Ethical considerations of ART
Techniques of ART - In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Embryo
transfer (ET), In vitro maturation (IVM), Gamete intra -
fallopian transfer (GIFT), intra -zygote transfer (ZIFT),
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with ejaculated
sperm and with sperm retrieved from testicular biopsies -
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE), Pronuclear stage transfer
(PROST).
Ethical Considerations of ART 3L 6hrs
Unit 3: Scientific Attitude, Methodology, Writing
and Ethics 15L 32hrs
Objective :
To inculcate scientific temperament in the learner.
Desired outcome:
The learner will develop qualities such as critical thinking and
analysis.
The learner will develop the skills of scientific communication.
Learner will understand the ethical aspects of research
3.1 Process of science -A dynamic approach to investigation 4L 10hrs
The Scientific method
Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning, Critical
thinking, Role of chance in scientific discovery
Scientific Research
Definition, difference between method and methodology,
characteristics, types
Steps in the Scientific Method
Identification of research problem, Formulation of research
hypothesis, Testing the hypothesis using experiments or surveys, Preparing research/ study design including
methodology and execution (Appropriate controls, sample size, technically sound, free from bias, repeat experiments for
consistency), Documentation of data, Dat a analysis and
interpretation, Results and Conclusions
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Dissemination of data
Reporting results to scientific community (Publication in peer-
reviewed journals , thesis, dissertation, reports, oral
presentation, poster presentation)
Application of knowledge
Basic research, Applied research, Translational research,
Patent
3.2 Scientific writing 7L 15hrs
Structure and components of a research paper
Preparation of manuscript for publication of research paper -
Title, Authors and their affiliations, Abstract, Keywords and
Abbreviations, Introduction, Material and Methods, Results,
Discussion, Conclusions, Ac knowledgement, Bibliography;
Figures, Tables and their legends
Writing a review paper
Structure and components of research report:
Report writing, Types of report
Computer application
Plotting of graphs , Statistical analysis of data. Internet and its
application in research -Literature survey, O nline submission of
manuscript for publication
3.3 Ethics 3L 5hrs
Ethics in animal research
The ethical and sensitive care and use of animals in research ,
teaching and testing,
Approval from Institutional animal ethics Committee.
Ethics in clinical research
Approval from Clinical Research Ethics Committee
Informed consent
Approval from concerned/ appropriate authorities :
National Biodiversity Authority
State Biodiversity Board
Forest Department
Conflict of interest
3.4 Plagiarism 1L 2hrs
USZO402 COURSE -9
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Cell Biology, Endo membrane System and
Biomolecules
Unit 1 : Cell Biology 15L 26hrs
Objective s:
To study the structural and functional organization of cell
with an emphasis on nucleus, plasma membrane and
cytoskeleton.
Desired outcome :
Learner would acquire insight of transport mechanisms
for the maintenance and composition of cell
1.1 Introduction to cell biology
Definition and scope
Cell theory
Generalized prokaryotic , eukaryotic cell : size, shape and
structure 2L 4hrs
1.2 Nucleus
Size, shape, number and position
Structure and functions of interphase nucleus
Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane and pore complex
Nucleolus: general organization, chemical composition and functions
Nuclear sap/ nuclear matrix
Nucleocytoplasmic interactions 5L 6hrs
1.3 Plasma membrane
a. Fluid Mosaic Model
b. Junctional complexes
c. Membrane receptors
d. Modifications: Microvilli, Desmosomes and Plasmodesmata. 4L 8hrs
1.4 Transport across membrane
a. Diffusion and Osmosis
b. Transport: Passive and Active
c. Endocytosis and Exocytosis 2L 4hrs
1.5 Cytoskeletal structures
Microtubules: Composition and functions
Microfilaments: Composition and functions 2L 4hrs
Unit 2 Endomembrane System 15L 25hrs
Objective :
To acquaint the learner with ultrastructure of cell organelles
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and their functions.
Desired outcome:
Learner would appreciate the intricacy of endomembrane
system.
Learner would understand the interlinking of endomembrane system for functioning of cell.
2.1 Endoplasmic reticulum
General morphology of endomembrane system
Morphology and Types of ER
Biogenesis of ER
Functions of RER and SER 3L 5hrs
2.2 Golgi complex
Morphology of G olgi complex
Cytochemistry (chemical composition) of golgi complex.
Functions of G olgi complex
• Protein Glycosylation,
• Lipid and Polysaccharide Metabolism,
• Protein Sorting and Secretion.
• Golgi anti -apoptotic protein (GAAP)
3L 4hrs
2.3 Lysosomes
Origin, occurrence and polymorphism
Functions of lysosomes:
Peroxisomes
Origin, morphology & functions 3L 4hr
2.4 Mitochondria
Morphology and chemical composition of mitochondria
Biogenesis of mitochondria
Bioenergetics:
• Chemical energy & ATP
• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Respiratory chain and O xidative phosphor ylation 6L 12hrs
Unit 3: Biomolecules 15L 30hrs
Objective :
To give learner insight into the structure of biomolecules, and their role in sustenance of life.
Desired outcome:
The learner will realize the importance of biomolecules and
their clinical significance.
3.1 Biomolecules
Concept of Micromolecules and Macromolecules . 2L 5hrs
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3.2 Carbohydrates
Definition Classification, Properties and Isomerism,
Glycosidic bond
Structure of a. Monosaccharides - Glucose and Fructose
b. Disaccharides - Lactose and Sucrose
c. Polysaccharides - Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen and Chitin
Biological role and their Clinical significance 4L 8hrs
3.3 Amino Acids and Proteins
Basic structure of amino acid, classification of amino acids ,
Essential and Non -essential amino acids, Peptide bond
Protein conformation: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary,Quaternary
Types of proteins – Structural (Keratin, Collagen) and
functional proteins (Hemoglobin)
Biological role and their Clinical significance 5L 8hrs
3.4 Lipids
Definition, classification of lipids with examples, Ester linkage
Physical and Chemical properties of lipids
Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids , Essential fatty acids
Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids (Lecithin and Cephalin) and Steroids (Cholesterol).
Biological role and their Clinical significance 4L 5hrs
3.5 Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins(e.g. Vit C, Vit B12)
Lipid soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit A, Vit D)
Biological role and their Clinical significance 2L 4hrs
USZO40 3 COURSE -10
Holistic Health , Neurological and genetic diseases
and Pollution
Unit 1 : Holistic Health 15L 25hrs
Objective :
To make learners understand the importance of diet and life
style in holistic health management.
Desired outcome:
Learners will apply the knowledge to adopt a healthy life style.
1.1 Life style & Health
Introduction to Active and Sedentary life style
Requisites of a Healthy Lifestyle:
Balanced diet, Avoidance of junk food & trans fats, Inclusion 6L 10hrs
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of foods containing omega 3 fatty acids, Exercise, Sleep,
Recreation & Meditation.
1.2 Role of diet to prevent Chronic Diseases :
Cancer, Osteoporosis, Tuberculosis , Dental Disorders 3L 5hrs
1.3 Stress & Health
Difference between Mental and Physical stress
Effects of Mental stress : Cardiovascular problems,
reproductive health 3L 6hrs
1.4 Addiction & Health:
Alcoholism, Smoking, Drug addiction & abuse 3L 4hrs
UNIT 2: Neurological and Genetic diseases 15L 26hrs
Objective :
The goal is to introduce learners the basic concept of genetic
disorders, neurological disorders, genetic counseling, its
necessity and applications.
Desired Outcome :
The learner will become cognizant about genetic and
neurological disorders as well as genetic counseling, its
requisites and significance.
2.1 Common Neurological Disorders
Introduction
Causes, symptoms, detection and treatment of neurological
diseases:
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Dyslexia and
Autism 6L 12hrs
2.2 Genetic Disorders
Introduction
Causes, symptoms and treatments/therapy of:
Super -female, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Down’s syndrome
6L 6hrs
2.3 Genetic Counseling
Introduction , need of genetic counseling
Genetic tests: Maternal blood screening tests, Amniocentesis
for prenatal diagnosis, Ultrasonography, New born screening
3L 8hrs
Unit 3 : Pollution 15L 24hrs
Objective :
To equip the learner with the knowledge of causes and effects
of pollution and actions required to combat the detrimental
effects of pollution.
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To create awareness in learner regarding various critical
environmental issues using thought provoking case studies.
Desired Outcome :
Learner will be able to relate various anthropogenic activities
with environmental degradation and its harmful effect s on
human health.
Learner will become more sensitive towards the environmental
issues.
3.1 Pollution Introduction 3L 8hrs
3.2 Causes, effects and control measures of pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution
Solid waste pollution 6L 8hrs
3.3 Case studies on pollution:
Bhopal Gas Tragedy, The Minamata disaster, E ffect of air
pollution on Taj Mahal, Acidification of Great Barrier Reef,
Diclofenac as a threat to Indian vultures. 6L 8hr
SEMESTER IV
Practical USZOP4 ( Course VIII)
1 Study of the following permanent slides, museum specimens and materials.
a. Mammalian sperm and ovum.
b. Egg types –Fish eggs, Frog eggs , Hen's egg.
c. Cleavage , blastula and gastrula ( Amphioxus , Frog and Bird).
2 Study of Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) by Crystal violet staining technique.
3 Study of Eukaryotic cells (WBCs) from blood smear by Leishman’s stain.
4 Study of bleeding time and clotting time.
5 Determination of blood sugar by GOD and POD method
6 Detection of Creatinine in urine.
7 Abstract writing / Bibliography / References
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8 Preparation of Power point presentation
9 Review writing based on programmes telecast by Doordarshan, Discovery channel,
Gyandarshan, UGC programmes, Animal planet .
10 Visit to F ertility clinic/ ART Centre and report of the visit .
Practical USZOP4 ( Course IX )
1 Study of permeability of cell through plasma membrane (Osmosis in blood cells).
2 Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer (by using permanent slide)
3 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates ( Molisch’s test, Benedicts test, Barfoed’s test,
Anthrone test)
4 Qualitative tests for protein ( Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s test, Xanthoproteic
test)
5 Qualitative test for lipids (S olubility test, Sudan III test)
6 Study of rancidity of lipids by titrimetric method.
7 Ultra structure of cell organelles – (Electron micrographs)
a. Nucleus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and R ough)
c. Mitochondria.
d. Golgi apparatus
e. Lysosomes
8 Study of clinical disorders due to car bohydrates, proteins and lipid imbalance
(Photograph to be provided / significance to given and disorder to be identified)
a. Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia.
b. Thalassemia, Kwashiorkar
c. Obesity, Atherosclerosis
9 Study of natural ecosystem and report of the field trip.
Practical USZOP4 ( Course X)
1 Estimation of dissolved oxygen from the given water sample.
2 Estimation of salinity by refractometer from the given water sample.
3 Detection of pH of given soil sample by using pH paper and Universal indicator.
4 Identify and describe the pollution detecting and controlling devices using photographs:
Sound level meter, Cyclonic separator, Typical bag house filter, Scrubber.
5 Identification of Imaging instruments used in diagnosis: X -ray, CT scan, MRI
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6 Identify and desc ribe syndromes using Idiogram.
7 Measurement of protein content in milk.
8 Study of balanced diet chart for infants, children, adolescent and active and sedentary
adults.
9 Measurement of lung capacity.
10 Submission of report on s urvey of physical activity and sleep habits of your batch OR
Visit to school of special children.
Note –The practicals may be conducted by using specimens authorised by the wildlife and
such other regulating authorities though it is strongly recommended that the same should
be taught by using photographs/audio -visual aids/ simulations / models, etc. as
recommended by the UGC and as envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring
bodies. No new specimens, however, shall be procured for the purpose of conducting practicals mentioned here- in-above.
#There shall be at least one excursion/field trip
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Semester IV
REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING
COURSE -VIII (USZO 401)
1. Developmental Biology- 5th Edition, Scot F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates Inc.
2. Developmental Biology- Subramoniam T., Narosa Publishers.
3. Developmental Biology- Berril N.J., Tata Mc Graw –Hill Publication.
4. Essential Reproduction- Martin H. Johnson, Wiley- Blackwell Publication .
5. Chick Embryology- Bradley M. Pattern.
6. Embryology- Mohan P. Arora.
7. Chordate Embryology- Dalela,Verma and Tyagi
8. Human Anatomy and Physiology. E. L. Marieb, Pearson Education Low Price
Edition
9. Biological Science. Taylor, Green and Stout. Cambridge Publication
10. Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
11. Human Biology- Daniel D Chiras Jones and Bartlett
12. The Physiology of Reproduction Vol I & II - E.K .Nobil and JU. D.Neil, Raven Press,
New York.
13. Biology -The Unity and Diversity of Life . C. Starr, R. Taggart, C. Evers, L. Starr,
Brooks/Cole Cengage learning International Edition
14. Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques - by C.R. Kothari, Wiley Eastern
Ltd. Mumbai
15. Practical research planning and design 2nd edition - Paul D Leedy, Macmilan
Publication
COURSE -IX (USZO402)
1. Cell Biology. Singh and Tom ar, Rastogi Publication.
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2. Cell and M olecular Biology E.D.P De Robertis and E.M.R Robertis ,CBS Publishers
and Distributors .
3. The cell A molecular Approach Goeffrey M.Coper ASM Press Washington D.C.
4. A textbook of cytology Suruchi Tyagi Dominant Publishers and Distributors New
Delhi.
5. Cell and molecular biology Gupta P.K , Rastogi Publication, India.
6. Cell Biology Pawar C.B. Himalaya publication
7. Molecular Biology of the cell (6th ed) by the Insertus
8. Campbell Biology (9th Ed.)
9. Principles of Biochemistry, 2005, 2nd and 3rd edn. Lehninger A.L. Nelson D.L. and
Cox M.M ,
10. Biochemistry, Dushyant Kumar Shrma, 2010, Narosa Publishing house PVT.Ltd.
11. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Dr AC Deb, 1983, New Central Book Agency Ltd.
12. A Textbook of Biochemistry, 9th edition, Dr. Rama Rao A.V.S.S and Dr A
Suryalakshmi.
13. Biochemistry -G Zubay , Addison Wesley, 1983
14. Biochemistry, L Stryer, 3rd/4th/5th ed, 1989 , Freeman and Co. NY
15. Harper’s Biochemistry,1996, 26th edition, Murray R.K. Granner D.K. Mayes P.A.
Rodwell V.M. Hall international USA
16. Outline of Biochemistry, 1976, E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf. John Wiley and Sons
USA
COURSE- X (USZO40 3)
1. G.J. Tortora & B Desrickson: Principals of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc
2. A.C. Guyton & J.E. Hall: A text book of medical physiology. Elsevier Inc.
3. Alan Rozanski, et al.: Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of
Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy. Circulation. 1999;99:2192- 2217.
4. Mello NK & Mendelson JH: Alcoholism A Biobehavioral Disorder. e -Book 2015
International Psychotherapy Institute
5. Walter C. et al.: Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes. In Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
6. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. World Health Organ Tech Rep
Ser. 2003;916:i -viii, 1 -149
7. Lagraauw HM et al: Acute and chronic psychological stress as risk factors
for cardiovascular disease: Insights gained from epidemiological, clinical and
experimental s tudies. Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Nov;50:18- 30.
8. Rakesh Sharma et al: Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your
fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2013, 11:66.
9. Marie Nyswander. Drug Addiction. e -Book 2016 International Psychotherapy Institute.
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10. Wiesner P, Watson KE. Triglycerides: A reappraisal Trends. Cardiovasc Med. 2017. doi:
10.1016/j.tcm.2017.03.004
11. Drakopoulou M et al: Managing the lipid profile of coronary heart disease patients Expert
Rev. Cardiovasc Ther. 2016 N ov;14(11):1263- 1271.
12. Christy K . The Role of Diet in the Prevention o f Common Kidney Stones. Urologic
Nursing / December 2005 / Volume 25 Number 6
13. Laura M et al: Shaffer. Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer.
Gut and Liver, Vol. 6, No. 2, April 2012, pp. 172- 187
14. Bhatia, S.C., Text book of Air pollution and its control, Atlantic publication.
15. Sharma, P.D., Ecology and environment, Rastogi publication.
16. Sharma, B.K. and Kaur, An introduction to environmental pollution, Goel publishing.
17. Khopkar, Environmental pollution analysis, New Age International (P) Ltd.
18. Benny Joseph, Environmental studies, Tata Mc Graw Hill publication.
19. Clark, R.S., Marine pollution, Clanderson press, Oxford.
20. Day, A.K., Environmental chemistry, Willey Eastern Pvt. L td.
21. Bharucha Erach, Text book of environmental studies for UG Course, University P ress.
22. Cunningham W.P., M.A. Cunningham & B.W.Saigo, Environment Science, McGraw
Hill
23. Bhopal gas tragedy- best ppt ever – SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/philominide/bhop al-gas-tragedy -33689171
24. Case study of TAJ MAHAL aakansha26 – SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/aakansha26/case -study -of-taj-mahal
25. INTRODUCTION Tragedy of Minamata Disease and Environmental ….
www.nimd.go.jp/syakai/webversion/pdfversion/e001009_intro.pdf
26. Ocean acidification is already harming the Great Barrier Reef's growth
theconversation.com/ocean- acidification -is-already -harming- the-great -barrier -reefs- gr...
27. Diclofenac - Indian Vulture Crisis | PMF IAS
https://www.pmfias.com/diclofenac -indian- vulture -crisis/
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SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(a) One Theory examination of hundred (100) marks per course per semester should be
conducted as per the following skeleton question paper pattern.
(b) One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course each should be conducted at the end
of every semester.
SKELETON PAPER PATTERN FOR THEORY EXAMINATION
NOTE: All Questions are compulsory .
Figures to the right indicate full marks .
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Time: 3 hours Total marks: 100
Q.1. Objective type from Unit I, II and III with No internal options* 20
Q.2. Unit I may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.3. Unit II may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.4. Unit III may have questions carrying 12 and 8 marks OR of 10 marks each with 100% 20
internal options
Q.5. Unit I, II and III (Any 4 out of 6) 20
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*For Question 1 it is recommended to have objective questions such as –
(i) Match the column ( ii) MCQ
(iii) Give one word for ( iv) True or False
(v) Define the term (vi ) Answer in one sentence
For Q 2, 3 and 4 there shall be 100% internal option.
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 401 (COURSE VIII )
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (10 Marks )
1) Classi fy the different types of eggs.
2) Briefly explain types and structure of sperms (any two animals).
3) Define cleavage Explain types of cleavages.
4) Give brief account on various types of blastulae.
5) What is gastrulation? Explain gastrulation in frog.
6) Give an account of the process of coelom formation and its types.
7) Explain various types of placentae in mammals.
8) Give an account of extra embryonic membranes.
9) Describe briefly the types of eggs on the basis of amount and distribution of yolk.
10) Describe the early dev elopment of mammalian egg upto gastrulation.
11) Give a brief note on different types of sperms.
12) Write a note on blastula and explain its types.
13) Explain the comparative process of embryo formation.
Unit -1: (5 -Marks)
1) Draw neat labeled diagram and explain any one of the following:
(Microlecithal, ,Alecithal, Homolecithal, Heterolecithal, Isolecithal, T elolecithal,
Centrolecithal, Discoidal ).
2) Explain the structure of sperm of frog/ reptiles/ birds/ mammals.
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3) Short note on Holoblastic cleavage Or Meroblastic cleavage.
4) Short note on equal or unequal cleavage.
5) Short note on Discoblastula or Coeloblastula.
6) Short note on centroblastula or amphiblastula or stereobla stula,
7) Explain the process of coelom formation in process of gastrulation.
8) Short notes on: Amnion /Chorion/Allantois/Yolk sac .
9) Explain the function of Amnion /Chori on/Allantois/Yolk sac .
10) Short note on Yolk sac placenta or Synd esmochorial placenta/Discoidal
placenta/Cotyledonary placenta/Hemo -chorial placenta/Zonary placenta/Diffuse
placenta
11) Short note on Deciduous or non- deciduous placenta
12) Write the functions of plac enta.
13) What are the roles of Embryonic membranes and extra embryonic membranes
Unit 2 : (10 Marks )
1. Describe male reproductive system and its hormonal regulation.
2. Describe female reproductive system and its hormonal regulation.
3. Define reproduction. Explain the hormonal regulation of reproduction.
4. What is contraception? Explain different methods of artificial contraception.
5. What is the difference between contraception and birth control? Explain the different
methods for natural contraception.
6. Define infertility and explain the causes of female infertility.
7. What are the causes of male infertility ?
8. Explain the hormonal treatment for infertility using drugs.
9. Describe the methods of treatment of infertility.
10. Give a brief account of infertility related disorders .
11. What are sperm banks? Add a note on cryopreservation of sperms.
12. What are cryoprotectants? Write a note on embryo cryopreservation.
13. What is testicular biopsy? Explain Testicular sperm extraction (TESE), Pronuclear
stage transfer (PROST).
14. What ar e the steps involved in Embryo transfer (ET) and / Intra -fallopian transfer
(IFT)?
15. What is ART technique? Add a note on IVF (steps, success and ethical considerations).
16. Explain in detail the steps of IVF and add a note on its applications.
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on impact of age on reproductive stage –
a. Menopause
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b. Andropause
2. What is amenorrhea?
3. How is contraception different from birth control?
4. What are IUD’s? How do they work as barriers for fertilization?
5. How does sterilization act as a method of contraception?
6. Write a note on birth control.
7. What is the difference between natural and artificial methods of contraception?
8. How is T.B. a cause of female infertility?
9. What are the genetic causes of infertility?
10. Write a note on STD’s as infertility related disorders?
11. Explain briefly:
a. Impotency b. Surrogacy
c. Endometriosis
d. Idiopathic infertility
12. Discuss the role of endocrine disruptors in infertility?
13. Explain the role of the following in infertility:
a. Gonorrhea
b. Syphilis
c. Genital Herpes
d. Chlamydia
14. Write a note on treatment of infertility by removal of causative environmental factors.
15. Write a note on Ethical considerations of ART.
16. What is surrogacy? Add a note on the ethical issues associated with surrogacy.
17. Differentiate between GIFT and ZIFT.
Unit 3: (10 Mar ks)
1. Explain the steps involved in scientific method.
2. Explain the steps involved in scientific research.
3. Describe briefly, the steps towards preparing a research design.
4. Elaborate on the components of a research paper.
5. Describe the anatomy of a research paper.
6. Elaborate on report writing as a scientific form of communication.
7. Describe literature survey, collection of data and its analy sis.
8. Give an account of the different techniques used for dissemination of research
data.
9. Elaborate on ethics in animal research .
10. Explain ethics in animal and clinical research.
11. Explain plagiarism in detail.
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Unit 3: (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on inductive approach to scientific research.
2. Write a note on deductive approach to scientific research.
3. Write a note on role of chance in scientific discovery.
4. Define research. State the difference between research method and research
methodology.
5. Describe in brief the different types of research.
6. Write a note on role of computer s in research.
7. Describe briefly identification of research problem and formulation of research hypothesis.
8. What is abstract writing?
9. What is plagiarism?
10. What is bibliography?
11. Write a short note on ethics in animal research.
12. Write a short note on ethics in clinical research .
13. Write a short note on applications of statistics in research .
14. Write a short note on informed consent.
15. What is a patent and how is it obtained?
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 402 (COURSE IX)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (10 marks)
1. Explain prokaryotic cell .
2. Explain Eukaryotic cell .
3. Give an account of cell theory.
4. Describe the ultrastructure of nuclear membrane .
5. State the chemical composition and functions of nucleolus .
6. Describe nucleocytoplasmic reactions.
7. Explain r RNA processing .
8. Describe fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.
9. Give an account of active and passive transport
10. Describe various modifications of plasma membrane
11. Explain pinacocytosis, phagocytosis and secretion
12. Give an account of cell permeability
13. Differentiate prokaryo tic and eukaryotic cell
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Unit 1: (5 Marks)
1. Virus
2. Nuclear matrix
3. Number ad position of nucleus
4. Molecular organization of chromatin
5. Unit membrane concept
6. Nucleolus
7. Membrane receptors
8. Sandwich model
9. Cell coat
10. Cell recognition
Unit 2: (10 Marks )
1. Write a note on structural organization & importance of endomembrane system .
2. Describe u ltrastructure of Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Describe the type s and functions of ER.
4. Give an account of ultrastructure and functions of Golgi complex.
5. Write an essay on functi ons of G olgi complex.
6. Give an account of polymorphism in lysosomes .
7. Write an essay on peroxi somes.
8. Describe the structure and chemical composition of mitochondria .
9. Write a note on mitochondria as powerhouse of the cell .
10. Describe the major functions of mitochondria.
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Importance of endomembrane system
2. Write a short note on biogenesis of endomembrane system
3. Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
4. Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Structure of G olgi complex
6. Chemical composition of G olgi complex
7. Lipid & polysaccharide metabolism in G olgi complex
8. Secretion and protein s orting by G olgi complex
9. Write a brief note on GAAP
10. Write a brief no te on protein glycosylation by G olgi complex
11. Origin and functions of lysosome s
12. Write a short note on peroxisomes
13. Structure of mitochondria
14. Chemical composition of mitochondria
15. Write a short note on ATP
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16. Write a short note on glycolysis
17. Write a short note on K reb’s cycle
18. Write a short note on oxidative phosphor ylatio n
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. Discuss the chemical behavior of carbon and a note on variety of functional
groups of biomolecules.
2. Explain the concept of micromolecules and macromolecules.
3. Describe the structure of water. Add a note on physic -chemical properties of
water .
4. Define carbohydrate. Add a note on its classification.
5. What are carbohydrates? Explain the classification of carbohydrate with suitable examples.
6. Explain with suitable example monosaccharide and dis accharide.
7. Discuss the properties of carbohydrates.
8. What are disaccharides? Draw the structures of maltose and sucrose.
9. What are polysaccharides? How are they classified? Write the structures of
glycogen and heparin/ chitin and heparin.
10. Discuss about chemical structure of the monosaccharides/ disaccharides.
11. What are amino acids? Discuss classification of amino acids based on R group.
12. Give an account of primary and secondary structure of proteins.
13. Write an account on terti ary and quarternary structure of proteins.
14. Describe the structure of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
15. Define essential fatty acids. Add a note on it.
16. Define lipids. Write a note on mono, di and trigl ycerides/ phospholipids .
17. What are fatty acids? Add a note on types of fatty acids.
18. Describe the structure and functions of water soluble vitamins .
19. Describe the structure and functions of lipid soluble vitamins .
Unit 3: (5 Marks )
1. Write a short note on monomers and polymers.
2. Write note on properties of carbohydrates.
3. Give an account of polysaccharides.
4. With suitable example explain glycosidic bond.
5. Explain the linkage in lactose and sucrose.
6. Give the biological importance of carbohydrates.
7. What are essential and nonessent ial amino acids?
8. Give an account of properties of amino acids.
9. Define and explain peptide bond with suitable example.
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10. Explain the different types of proteins with suitable examples.
11. Explain the biological role of proteins.
12. Peptide bond
13. Types of fatty acids.
14. Biological role of lipids
15. Properties of fatty acid
16. Sterol and waxes
17. Describe properties of fatty acid/lipids.
18. Discuss the clinical significance of protein / carbohydrate /lipids .
19. Write short note on clinical significance of lipids .
20. Write a note on isomerism in carbohydrates and amino acids?
21. Describe the structure and functions of vitamin A/ vitamin B/ vitamin C/
vitamin D .
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 403 (COURSE X)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (10 Marks)
1. Explain the role of diet in prevention of chronic diseases.
2. Give an account of adverse effect of ju nk food on heart & liver.
3. Write a note on active and sedentary life style.
4. Explain the importance of recreation and meditation on our daily life.
5. Give an account of mental stress on reproductive physiology.
6. Give an account of adverse effects of alcoholism.
7. Give an account of adverse effect s of active and passive smoking.
8. Enlist healthy life style practices and their effects.
9. Write a note on adverse effect s of drug addiction and drug abuse on our health.
10. Write a note on causes, symptoms and prevention of kidney/gall bladder stones .
Unit 1: (5 Marks)
1. Define balanced diet and describe its importance to our health.
2. Explain the i mportance of Omega 3 fatty acid s in our diet.
3. Describe the r ole of diet in prevention of Cancer .
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4. Explain the s ignificance of diet in prevention of Osteoporosis .
5. Explain the r ole of diet in prevention of Tuberculosis .
6. Write short note on Active life style .
7. Write short note on Sedentary life style .
8. Role of meditation on mental and physical health
9. Role of recreation on mental and physica l health
10. Importance of exercise and sleep on mental health.
11. Differentiate between Physiological and mental stress.
12. Explain the r ole of mental stress in cardiovascular problems .
13. Effect of mental stress on reproductive health of office workers.
14. Effect of men tal stress on reproductive health of students.
15. Effect of alcoholism on Liver.
16. Effect of alcoholism on Heart.
17. Effect of Smoking on respiratory health.
18. Differentiate between drug addiction and drug abuse .
19. Causes and prevention of kidney stone
20. Causes and prev ention of gall bladder stone
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. Describe the following diseases with re ference to causes, symptoms, detection
and remedy/treatment :
a) Alzheimer’s b ) Parkinson’s c) Learning disability d) Autism
2. Describe the following syndromes with reference to causes, symptoms, detection
and treatment/therapy:
a) Super female b) Klinefelter c) Down’s
3. What is genetic counseling? When one should visit the counselor?
4. Describe different types of genetic counseling?
5. Enlist various benefits of genetic counseling.
6. Describe different genetic tests.
7. Explain non disjunction along with a suitable example.
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Write notes on Signs and symptoms of Alzheimer ’s disease.
2. Write notes on sign and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
3. Explain the r ole of plaques and tangles in Alzheimer ’s disease.
4. Write notes on Neurological diseases.
5. What are the symptoms of learning disability?
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6. Write a note on the causes of learning disability.
7. What are the causes of autism?
8. Differentiate between autism and learning disability.
9. What is non disjunction?
10. Write short notes on
i. Causes and symptoms of Klinefelter
ii. Causes and symptoms of Down’s syndrome.
iii. Symptoms of super female
iv. Treatment of super female
v. Definition of genetic counseling
vi. Reasons to visit genetic counselor
vii. Ultrasonography
viii. New born screening
ix. Maternal blood screening
x. Amniocentesis
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. Describe the various sources of air pollution.
2. Give a detailed account of effects of air pollution.
3. Describe control measures of air poll ution.
4. Give an account of various means of water pollution.
5. Elaborate on the effects of water pollution.
6. Give control measures of water pollution.
7. Elaborate on the various sources of soil pollution.
8. Describe effects and control measures of soil pollution.
9. Explain the various sources of solid waste pollution.
10. Discuss the effects and control measures of solid waste pollution.
11. Discuss the role of individual in preventing pollution.
12. Give an account of causes and effects of Bhopal gas tragedy. Suggest measures to
avoid such a tragedy in the future.
13. Give an account of causes and effects of Minamata disaster. Suggest measures to
avoid such a tragedy in the future.
14. Elaborate on the effects of air pollution on Taj Mahal. Suggest control measures.
15. Describe the effects of acidification on Great Barrier Reef. Suggest control
measures.
16. Discuss how diclofenac has affected the population of Indian vultures. Suggest
control measures.
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Unit 3: (5 Marks)
Write Short notes on:
1. Photochemical smog
2. Acid rain
3. Global warming
4. Point and non point sources of water pollution
5. Eutrophication
6. Significance of D.O. & B.O.D. values in water pollution assessment
7. Use of water hyacinth for treatment of waste water
8. Bio accumulation & bio magnification of non degradable pollutants
9. The Principle of three R s - Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
10. Polluter Pay Principle
11. Central Pollution Control Board
12. Air (Prevention & Control) Act 1981
13. Water (Prevention & Control) Act 1974
14. Environment Protection Act 1986
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 ( Course VIII)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 12 marks
Q1. Detection of Creatinine in urine
OR
Q1. Determination of blood sugar by GOD and POD method
Minor Question 08 marks
Q2. Prepare a smear to show prokaryotic cell.
OR
Q2. Prepare a smear to show eukaryotic cell.
OR
Q2. Study of bleeding time and clotting time
Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 08 marks
a. Repr oduction (Mammalian egg/ Mammalian sperm / Types of eggs)
b. Reproduction ( Cleavage/ Blastula / Gastrula)
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Q4. From the given article prepare the bibliography/ abstract 06 marks
Q5. Power point presentation 06 marks
Q6. Viva and Journal 10 marks
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 ( Course IX )
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 12 marks
Q1. Study of permeability of cell through plasma membrane ( Osmosis in blood cells)
OR
Q2. Study of rancidity of lipids by titrimetric method .
Minor Question 08 marks
Q2. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (Molisch’s test, Benedicts test, Barfoed’s test,
Anthrone test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative tests for proteins (Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s test, Xanthoproteic
test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative test for lipids (S olubility test, Sudan III test)
OR
Q2. Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer (by using permanent sli de)
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Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 15 marks
i. Ultra structure of cell organelles (a, b, c )
ii. Clinical disorders (d, e)
Q4. Field Report and V iva based on it. 10 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 ( Course X)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 3 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 14 marks
Q1. Estimation of Dissolved oxygen from the given water sample.
OR
Q1. Estimation of protein content in the given milk samples ( Two samples).
OR
Q1. Determi ne pH of given soil sample s using pH paper and Universal indicator
(Two samples)
Minor Question 12 marks
Q2. a) Estimation of Salinity by refractometer from the given water sample 07 marks
OR
a) Measurement of lung capacity.
Q2. b) Comment on the given balanced diet chart. 05 marks
Q3 . Identify and describe as per instruction s: 09 marks
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Item No. 4.298
i. Any one idiogram
ii. Any one Imaging instrument
iii. Any one pollution control device
Q4. Report and viva on visit to school of special children 10 marks
OR
Report and viva on s urvey of physical activity and sleep habits
Q5. Journal and viva 05 marks