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Item No. 4.7
Syllabus for S .Y.B.Sc.
Program B. Sc
Course: ZOOLOGY
Semester III and IV
(Credit Based Semester and Grading System )
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Program: S.Y.B. Sc.
Course: Zoology
(Credit Based Semester and Grading System
with effect from the academic year 2016 –2017)
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Item No. 4.7
Syllabus Committee Members
Dr Anita S. Jadhav Convenor
Dr Mansi Phanse Co- convenor
Dr Supriya Deshpande Co- convenor
Dr Mrinalini Kagwade Co- convenor
Dr Manisha Kayande Co- convenor
Dr Vilas Mangle Co- convenor
Dr Raghavrao Co- convenor
Dr Vithal Mohite Co- convenor
Dr Suvarna Raval Co- convenor
Dr Manda Mhatre Co- convenor
Mr Sudesh Rathod Member (Teacher)
Dr Vinod Narayana Member (Teacher)
Dr Seema Ajbani Member (Teacher)
Mrs Rupali Vaity Member (Teacher)
Mr Sushant Mane Member (Teacher)
Dr Aamod Thakaar Member (Teacher)
Mr D.D Sangore Member (Teacher)
Mrs Parimita Sharma Member (Teacher)
Dr Vaishali Phusate Member (Teacher)
Mr Balkrishna M.Gore Member (Teacher)
Dr Rahul Jadhav Member (Teacher)
Ms Ugeshkumari Member (Teacher)
Mr Anis Choudhary Member (Teacher)
Mrs Anushree Keni Member (Teacher)
Dr Kamran Abbas Mirza Member (Teacher)
Mrs Sanika Gupt e Member (Teacher)
Mr Ajay R.Tripathi Member (Teacher)
Dr Bindu Acharya Member (Teacher)
Dr Lalna Khot Member (Teacher)
Ms Jariya Khan Student
Ms Pranjali Tripathi Student
Mr Nishant Gupta Student
Ms Tan uja Amasa Student
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Item No. 4.7
Syllabus for
S.Y.B.Sc.
Course – ZOOLOGY
To be implemented from Academic year 2016- 17
SEMESTER - III
COURSE
CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES/
WEEK
USZO301 I Fundamentals of Genetics, 2 1
II Chromosomes and Heredity, 1
III Nucleic acids 1
USZO302 I Study of Nutrition and Excretion 2 1
II Study Respiration and circulation, 1
III Control and coordination, Locomotion and
Reproduction 1
USZO303 I Ethology 2 1
II Parasitology 1
III Economic Zoology 1
USZOP3 Practical based on all three courses 03 9
SEMESTER - IV
COURSE CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES/
WEEK
USZO401 I Origin and evolution of Life, 2 1
II Population genetics and evolution, 1
III Scientific Attitude methodology ,
writing and ethics 1
USZO402 I Cell Biology, 2 1
II Endo membrane System 1
III Biomolecules 1
USZO403 I Comparative Embryology, 2 1
II Aspects of Human Reproduction, 1
III Pollution and its effect on
organisms 1
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Item No. 4.7
USZOP4 Practical based on all three courses 03 9
Syllabus for
S.Y.B.Sc
Course – ZOOLOGY
1. Syllabus Semester III & IV ( Theory and Practical)
2. References and Additional Reading
3. Scheme of Examination and Paper Pattern (Thoery and Practical )
4. Model Question bank
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Item No. 4.7
S.Y.B.Sc. ZOOLOGY UNIT WISE DISTRIBUTION
Semester III
Semester IV
Course 5
Course 6 Course 7 Course 8 Course 9 Course 10
Unit 1
Fundamentals of
Genetics Unit 1
Study of
Nutrition &
Excretion Unit 1
Ethology Unit 1
Origin &
Evolution of
Life
Unit 1
Cell Biology Unit 1
Comparative
Embryology
Unit 2
Chromosome &
Heredity Unit 2
Study of
Respiration &
circulation Unit 2
Parasitology Unit 2
Population
Genetics &
Evolution Unit 2
Endomembrane
System Unit 3
Aspects of
human
Reproduction
Unit 3
Nucleic Acids Unit 3
Control and
Coordination
Locomotion
&
Reproduction Unit 3
Economic
Zoology Unit 3
Scientific
Attitude,
Methodology,
Writing &
Ethics Unit 3
Biomolecules
Unit 3
Pollution
&
Effects on
Animals
Practical
(USZO P3)
Practical
(USZO P3)
Practical
(USZO P3)
Practical
(USZO P4)
Practical
(USZO P4)
Practical
(USZO P4)
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Item No. 4.7
S.Y.B.Sc SYLLABUS DRAFT
SEMESTER III
Sr.
No USZO 301 COURSE- 5 No of lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Fundamentals of Genetics, Chromosomes and Heredity, Nucleic
acids
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Genetics 15L 25hrs
Objectives :
To Introduce basic terms of genetics
To study Mendel ian principles of inheritance and other forms
pattern of inheritance
. Desired outcomes :
Understand and apply the principles of inheritance.
Understand the concept of multiple alleles, linkage and crossing
over.
1.1 Introduction to genetics
Definition, scope and importance of genetics.
Classical and Modern concept of Gene (Cistron, muton, recon).
Brief explanation of the following terms: Allele, wild type and
mutant allele s, locus, dominant and recessive traits, homozygous and
heterozygous, genotype and phenotype, genome. 2L 2hrs
1.2 Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics : Monohybrid cross, Dihybrid cross, test cross,
back cross, Mendel’s laws of Inheritance, Mendelian traits in man.
Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance: Incomplete dominance, Co-
dominance, Lethal alleles, Epistasis - Recessive, Double recessive,
dominant and double dominant.
Chromosome theory of inheritance.
Pedigree analysis -Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive, X -
linked dominant, and X -linked recessive 8L 12hrs
1.3 Multiple Alleles and Multiple Genes
Concept of multiple alleles, C oat colour in rabbit, ABO and Rh
blood group systems
Polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour
in man.
Concept of pleiotropy. 3L 06hrs
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1.4 Linkage and Crossing Over
Linkage and crossing over, types of crossing over, cytological basis
of crossing over. 2L 05hrs
Unit: 2: Chromosomes and Heredity 15 L 26hrs
Learning objectives:
To familiarize the learners with the structure, types and
classification of chromosomes.
To introduce the concept of sex determination and its types, sex
influenced and sex limited genes.
Desired Outcomes:
Learners would understand the structure and types of chromosomes.
Learners would understand mechanisms of sex determination.
Learners would be able to correlate the disorders linked to a
particular sex chromosome.
2.1 Chromosomes
Types of chromosomes –Autosomes and S ex chromosomes
Chromosome structure - Heterochromatin, Euchromatin
Classification based on the position of centromere
Endomitosis, Giant chromosomes - Polytene and Lamp brush
chromosomes and significance of Balbiani rings. 4L 8hrs
2.2 Sex- determination
Chromosomal Mechanisms: XX -XO, XX- XY, ZZ -ZW.
Sex determination in honey bees - Haplodiploidy,
Sex determination in Drosophila -Genic balance theory, intersex,
gynandromorphs.
Parthenogenesis.
Hormonal influence on sex determination- Freemartin and sex
reversal.
Role of environmental factors - Bonellia and Crocodile
Barr bodies and Lyon hypothesis 7L 10hrs
2.3 Sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited inheritance.
X-Linked: Colourblindness, Haemophilia
Y-linked: Hypertrichosis
Sex-influenced genes
Sex limited genes 4L 8hrs
Unit: 3 Nucleic acids 15 L 30hrs
Objectives :
To introduce to the learners the classical experiments proving DNA
as the genetic material.
To make the learner understand the structure of nucleic acids and
the concept of central dogma of molecular biology.
To familiarize the learner with the concept of gene regulation.
Desired Outcomes:
Learner would understand the importance of nucleic acids as
genetic material.
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The learners would understand and appreciate the regulation of
gene expressions.
3.1 Genetic material
Griffith’s transformation experiments, Avery -Macleod and
McCarty, Hershey Chase experiment of Bacteriophage infection
Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids.
Double helix nature of DNA, Solenoid model of DNA.
Types of DNA – A, B, Z & H forms.
DNA in Prokaryotes -chromosomal and plasmid.
Extra nuclear DNA - mitochondria and chloroplast.
RNA as a genetic material in viruses.
Types of RN A: Structure and function. 7L 14hrs
3.2 Flow of genetic information in a Eukaryotic cell
DNA Replication
Transcription of mRNA
Translation
Genetic code 5L 08hrs
3.3 Gene Expressions and regulation
One gene -one enzyme hypothesis /one polypeptide hypothesis
Concept of operon
Lac operon 3L 08hrs
Sr.
No USZO 302 COURSE- 6 No of lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Study of Nutrition and Excretion , Respiration and
circulation, Control and coordination, Locomotion and
Reproduction
Unit: 1 Study of Nutrition and Excretion 15L 23hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of nutrition,
excretion and osmoregulation.
To expose the learners to various nutritional apparatus,
excretory and osmoregulatory structures in different classes
of organisms.
Desired Outcome :
Learners would understand the increasing complexity of
nutritional, excretory and osmoregulatory physiology in
evolutionary hierarchy.
Learners would be able to correlate the habit and habitat
with nutritional, excretory and osmoregulatory structures.
1.1 Comparative study of Nutritional Apparatus (structure and
function ): Amoeba, Hydra, Earthworm, Cockroach, Bivalve, 5L 06hrs
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Amphioxus, Pigeon, Ruminants.
1.2 Physiology of digestion in man 2L 04hrs
1.3 Comp arative study of Excretory and O smoregulatory
structures and function
a. Amoeba - contractile vacuoles
b. Planaria - Flame cells
c. Earthworm - Nephridia
d. Cockroach- Malphigian tubules and green gland
e. Bivalve -Organ of Bojanus 5L 08hrs
1.4 Categorization of animals based on principle nitrogenous
excretory products 1L 01hrs
1.5 Structure of kidney , Uriniferous tubule and physiology of urine
formation in man. 2L 04hrs
Unit: 2 Study of Respiration and circulation 15L 27hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of respiration and
circulation
To expose the learners to various respiratory and circulatory
structures in different classes of organisms.
Desired Outcome:
Learners would understand the increasing complexity of
respiratory and circulatory physiology in evolutionary
hierarchy.
Learners would be able to correlate the habit and habitat with
respiratory and circulatory structures.
2.1 Comparative study of Respiratory organs (structure and
function)
Earthworm, Spider, Rohu , Frog and Pigeon. 3L 06hrs
2.2 Accessory respiratory structures: Anabas /Clarius 1L 02hrs
2.3 Structure of lungs and physiology of respiration in man 2L 04hrs
2.4 Comparative study of circulation: Open and closed - single and
double . 1L 02hrs
2.5 Types of circulating fluids - Water, coelomic fluid,
haemolymph, lymph and blood. 2L 02hrs
2.6 Comparative study of Hearts (Structure and function)
Earthworm, Cockroach, Shark, Frog, Crocodile and Pigeon. 4L 07hrs
2.7 Structure and mechanism of working of heart in man 2L 04hrs
Unit: 3 Control and coordination, Locomotion and
Reproduction
15L
25hrs
Objective :
To introduce the concepts of physiology of control and
coordination and locomotion and reproduction
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Item No. 4.7
To expose the learners to various locomotory and reproductive
structures in different classes of organisms
Desired Outcome :
Learners would understand the process of control and
coordination by nervous and endocrine regulation.
Learners would be fascinated by various locomotory structures found in the animal kingdom.
Learners would be acquainted with various reproductive
strate gies present in animals.
3.1 Control and coordination
Irritability –Paramoeci um , Nerve net i n Hydra, Nerve ring and
nerve cord in earthworm
Types of neurons on the basis of structure and function
Conduction of nerve impulse: Resting potential, acti on
potential and refractory period
Synaptic transmission
Endocrine regulation: Hormones as chemical messengers,
f eedback mechani sms 5L 08hrs
3.2 Movement and Locomotion
Locomotory organs -structures and functions
a. Pseudopodia in Amoeba (sol gel theory), C ilia in Paramecium
b. Wings and legs in Cockroach
c. Tube feet in Starfish
d. Fins of fish 4L 08hrs
3.3 Structure of Striated muscle fibre in human and Sliding
filament theory 2L 02 hrs
3.4 Reproduction
a. Asexual Reproduction- Fission, fragmentation, gemmule
formation, budding
b. Sexual reproduction
i. Gametogenesis
ii. Structure of male and female gametes in human
iii. Types of fertilization
iv. Oviparity, viviparity, ovo -viviparity 4L 07hrs
USZO 303 COURSE -7
Ethology , Parasitology, Economic Zoology 15L 26hrs
Unit: 1 Ethology
Objective:
To equip learners with a sound knowledge of how animals interact with one another and their environment.
To enable the learners to understand different behavioural
patterns.
Desired Outcome:
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Learners would gain an insight into different types of animal
behaviour and their role in biological adaptations.
Learners would be sensitized to the feelings instrumental in
social behavior.
1.1 Introduction to Ethology
Definition, History and S cope of E thology
Animal behaviour - Innate and L earned behaviour
Types of learning - Habituation, I mprinting and types of
imprinting - filial and sexual, Classical conditioning,
Instrumental learning and insight learning. 4L 06hrs
1.2 Aspects of animal behaviour
Communication in Bees and Ants
Mimicry and colouration
Role of hormones and pheromones in sexual behaviour
Displacement activities, R itualization
Migration in fish, schooling behaviour
Habitat selection, territorial behaviour, food selection and
foraging behaviour in African ungulates 6L 12hrs
1.3 Social behaviour
Social behaviour in primates -Hanuman langur
Elements of Socio -biology: Selfishness, cooperation, altruism,
kinship and inclusive fitness 5L 08hrs
Unit: 2 Parasitology 15L 27hrs
Objective:
To acquaint learners with the concepts of parasitism, their
relationship with environment .
To make learners aware about the modes of transmission of
parasites .
Desired Outcome:
Learners would understand the general epidemiological
aspects of parasites that affect humans and apply simple preventive measures for the same.
Learners would comprehend the life cycle of specific
parasites, the symptoms of the disease and its treatment.
2.1 Introduction t o Parasitology and types of parasites
Definitions: parasitism, host, parasite , vector -biological and
mechanical
Types of parasites - Ectoparasites, Endoparasite and their
subtypes
Parasitic adaptations in Ectoparasites and Endoparasites
Types of hosts: intermediate and definitive, reservoir 2L 06hrs
2.2 Host -parasite relationship -Host specificity
Definition, structural specificity, physiological specificity and
ecological specificity. 2L 06hrs
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2.3 Life cycle , pathogenicity, control measures and treatment
Entamoeba histolytica, Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium,
Wuchereria bancrofti 5L 06hrs
2.4 Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, control measures and
treatment
Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis ), Mite ( Sarcoptes
scabei) , Bed bug ( Cimex lectularis) 2L 06hrs
2.5 Parasitological significance
Zoonosis - Bird flu, Anthrax, Rabies and Toxoplasmosis 4L 03hrs
Unit 3 Economic Zoology 15L 24hrs
Objective :
To disseminate information on economic aspects of zoology
like apiculture, vermiculture, dairy science.
To encourage young learners for self employment.
Desired Outcome:
Learners would gain knowledge on animals useful to mankind
and the means to make the most of it.
Learners would learn the modern techniques in animal husbandry.
Learners would be pursuing entrepreneurship as careers
3.1 APICULTURE 5L 08hrs
3.1.1 Methods of bee keeping and management
An introduction to different species of honey bees used in apiculture.
Selection of flora and bees for apiculture.
Advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern methods of apiculture.
Pests and Bee enemies- Wax moth, wasp, black ants, bee
eaters , king crow and disease control
Bee keeping industry - Present status and recent efforts to
improve and boost the in dustry
3.1.2 Economic importance
Honey- Production, Chemical composition and economic
importance
Bees wax - Economic importance.
Role of honey bees in pollination.
3.2 VERMICULTURE 4L 08hrs
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3.2.1 Rearing methods, management and economic importance
An introduction to different species of earthworms used in
vermiculture.
Methods of vermiculture.
Maintenance and harvesting
Economic importance: advantages of vermiculture, demands
for worms; market for vermicompost and entrepreneurship.
3.3 DAIRY SCIENCE 6L 08hrs
3.3.1 Dairy development in India
Role of dairy development in rural economy, employment
opportunities
3.3.2 Dairy Processing
Filtration, cooling, chilling, clarification, pasteurization,
freezing
3.3.3 Milk and milk products
Composition of milk
Types of milk:
Recombined milk, Soft curd milk, Skimmed and toned milk,
Artificial milk.
Milk products
SEMESTER III
Practical USZOP3 ( Course V)
1 Extraction and detection of DNA
2 Extraction and detection of RNA.
3 Mounting of Barr bodies.
4 Study of polytene chromosome.
5 Study of mitosis - temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
6 Detection of blood groups and Rh factor.
7 Problems in genetics
a. Monohybrid/ Dihybrid cross b. X - linked inheritance c. Multiple alleles
8 Chromosome morphology: Metaphase spreadsheet (photograph to be provided)
9 Pedigree analysis
10 Problems on molecular biology
Practical USZOP3 ( Course VI)
1 Urine analysis —Normal and abnormal constituents
2 Detection of ammonia in water excreted by fish
3 Detection of uric acid from excreta of Birds
4 Study of striated and non - striated muscle fibre
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5 Study of nutritional Apparatus (Amoeba, Hydra, Earthworm, Pigeon, Ruminant
stomach)
6 Study of respiratory structures:
a. Gills of Bony fish and Cartilaginous fish.
b. Lungs of Frog
c. Lungs of Mammal.
d. Accessory respiratory structure in Anabas (Labyrinthine organ )
e. Air sacs of Pigeon.
7 Study of locomotory organs ( Amoeba , Unio , Cockroach, Starfish, Fish, and Birds)
8 Study of hearts (Cockroach, Shark, Frog, Calotes , Crocodile, Mammal)
9 Study of permanent slides on topic of Reproduction
a. Sponge gemmules
b. Hydra budding
c. T.S. of mammalian testis
d. T.S. of mammalian ovary
Practical USZOP3 ( Course VII)
1 Extraction of Casein from Milk and its qualitative estimation
2 Preparation of paneer from given milk sample
3 Measurement of density of milk using different samples by Lactometer
4 Study of Honey Bee :
a) Life Cycle of Honey Bee and Bee Hive
b) Mouthparts of Honey Bee
c) Legs of Honey Bee
d) Sting Apparatus of Honey Bee
5 Study of ethological aspects:
a) Warning Colouration
b) Instincts
c) Imprinting
d) Communication in animals: Chemical signals and sound signals
e) Displacement activities in animals: Courtship and mating behavior in animals and
ritualization
6 Study of Protozoan parasites:
a. Trypanosoma gambiense
b. Giardia intestinanalis
7 Study of Helminth parasites:
a) Ancylostoma duodenale
b) Dracunculus medenensis
8 Parasitic adaptations: Scolex and mature proglottid of Tapeworm
9 Study of Ectoparasites:
a. Leech
b. Tick
c. Mite
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Item No. 4.7
10 Project - Suggested topics on economic zoology (eg Apiculture, sericulture/ lac culture /
vermicompost Technique / Construction of artificial beehives /Animal husbandry/
aquaculture etc)
Note -The practicals may be conducted by using specimens authorised by the wildlife and such
other regulating authorities though it is strongly recommended that the same should be taught by
using photographs/audio -visual aids/ simulations / models, etc. as recommended by the UGC and as
envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring bodies. No new specimens, however, shall be
procured for the purpose of conducting practicals mentioned here -in-above.
#There shall be at least one excursion/field trip .
Semester –III
REFERENCE BOOK S AND ADDITIONAL READING
COURSE- V (USZO301)
1. Principles of Genetics. Gardner, E .J., Simmons, M .J and Snustad, D .P. John Wiley
and Sons
2. Concepts of Genetics. Klug, W.S., Cummings M.R., Spencer, C.A. Benjamin
Cummings.
3. Genetics - A Molecular Approach. Russell, P. J Benjamin Cummings.
4. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes. Daniel L. , Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones
Jones & Bartlett Publishers
5. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler . S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and
Carroll, S.B. W. H. Freeman and Co.
6. Cell Biology Genetics , Molecular Biology Evolution and Ecology Verma P.S. and
Agrawal P.K., 9th edition, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi .
7. Princip les of Genetics – Eight edition - Eldon john Gardner, Michael J. Simmons, D.
Peter Snustad
8. Genetics - Weaver, Hedrick, third edition, Mc Graw Hill Education
9. Genetics A Mendelian approach Peter J.Russel, Pearson Benjamin Cummings
10. Genetics A conceptual approach, Benjamin A. Pierce, Southwestern University, W.H.
Freeman and company, New York
11. Genetics, Third Edition, Monroe W. Strickberger
12. Genetics from gene to genome, third edition, Leeland H. Hartwell, Leeroy Hood,
Michael 7. L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, Lee M. Silver, McGraw Hill Education
COURSE- VI (USZO30 2)
1. Vertebrate Zoology Volume I - Jordan and Verma , S. Chand and Co.
2. Invertebrate Zoology Volume II - Jordan and Verma , S. Chand and Co.
3. Invertebrate Zoology- Majupuria T. C., Nagin S.and Co.
4. Chordate Zoology- Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K. , R. Chand and Co.
5. Invertebrate Zoology- Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K., R. Chand and Co.
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Item No. 4.7
6. Introduction to Vertebrates - Moore Cambridge University - Low Priced Edition.
7. Zoology- Miller S. A. and Harley J. B., Tata McGraw Hill.
8. Modern Textbook of Zoology, Invertebrates, Kotpal R. L.
9. Biological Science, Taylor D.J., Stout G.W., Green N.P.O, Soper R.,Cambridge
University Press.
COURSE- VII (USZO30 3)
1. Animal Behaviour - David Mc Farland
2. Animal Behaviour - Mohan Arora
3. Animal Behaviour - Reena Mathur
4. An introduction to Animal Behaviour - Dawkins
5. Animal Behaviour -Agarwal
6. Animal Behaviour - Tinbergen
7. Biology of Insects - 1992 Saxena S. C. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co New Delhi.
Bombay. Calcutta
8. A Text Book of Entomology- 1974Mathur V. K. and Upadhayay K Goel Printing
press, Barani.
9. Bee and Bee Keeping - Roger A. Morse, Conell University Press London
10. Vermiculture Technology - Clive A. Edwards, Norman Q. Arancon and Rhonda
Sherman
11. Parasitology- Chatterjee K.D., Chatterjee Medical Publishers.
12. Medical Parasitology - Arora
13. Textbook of Medical Parasitology- . C.K Jayaram Paniker, Jaypee Brothers.
14. A text book of Parasitology - Kochhar S.K. Dominant Pub. & Dis, New Delhi.
15. Essentials of Parasitology - Gerald and Schmidt: Universal Bookst all, New Delhi.
16. Parasitology - Sharma P.N.and Ratnu L.N., Chand S & Co.Pvt.Ltd.
17. Introduction to Parasitology - Chandler and Read John Wiley & Sons
18. Economic Zoology- Biostatistics and Animal behaviour – S.Mathur, Rastogi
Publicatons.
19. Economic Zoology- Shukla G.S. & Upadhyay V.B., Rastogi Publications.
20. A handbook on Economic Zoology, S.Chand & Co.
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Item No. 4.7
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION (THEORY)
(a) Internal assessment of twenty five (25) marks per course per semester should be conducted
according to the guidelines given by University of Mumbai vide circular number UG/04 of 2014 Dated 5th June 2014 to be implemented from academic year 2015- 16.
(b) External assessment of seventy five (75) marks per course per semester should be conducted
as per the following skeleton question paper pattern.
(c) One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course each should be conducted at the end
of ever y semester.
SKELETON- EXAMINATION PATTERN FOR THE ABOVE SYLLABUS
All Questions are compulsory
Figures to the right indicate full marks
Time: 2.5 hours Total marks: 75
Q.1. UNIT 1
Answer any four out of eight (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.2. UNIT 2
a. Answer any one of the two (10 marks)
b. Answer any two out of the four (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.3. UNIT 3
Answer any two out of four (10 marks each) 20 marks
Q.4. a. Unit 1 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions)
b. Unit 2 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions)
c. Unit 3 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions) 15 marks
*For Question 4 it is recommended to have objective questions such as –
(a) Match the column (b) MCQ
(c) Give one word for (d) True and False
(e) Define the term (f) Answer in one sentence etc
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Item No. 4.7
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO301(COURSE V)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit :1 (10 Mark s )
1. Define genetics and explain its scope and importance.
2. Explain Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
3. Describe in detail the monohybrid cross and state the Mendelian principle of
inheritance derived from it. Add a note on Co- dominance.
4. Describe in detail dihybrid cross and state the Mendelian principles of
inheritance derived from it.
5. Discuss in brief inheritance of Mendelian phenotypic traits in humans.
6. Descr ibe incomplete dominance with a suitable example.
7. Describe Co -dominance with a suitable example.
8. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of double dominant epistasis.
9. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of recessive epistasis.
10. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of dominant epistasis
11. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of double recessive epistasis.
12. Explain the pattern of inheritance of recessive and dominant lethal alleles.
13. Explain the inheritance of multiple alleles with the help of a suitable example.
14. Describe polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour in
man.
15. Compare and contrast pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance.
16. Explain the phenomenon of linkage with respect to Morgan’s Experiment. Add a note
on the differences between complete and incomplete linkage.
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17. Describe the pattern of inheritance of blood group and Rh factor in man.
18. Explain the cytological basis and molecular mechanisms of crossing over.
19. Explain pedigree analysis of X -linked recessive traits.
Unit :1 (5 Marks)
1. Describe the classical concept of gene.
2. Explain the modern concept of gene.
3. Differentiate between ( Any two):
(a) Genotype and phenotype of an organism
(b) Dominant and recessive traits
(c) Gene and genome
(d) Homozygous and heterozygous
(e) Monohybrid and dihybrid cross
(f) Incomplete Dominance and co -dominance
(g) Multiple alleles and polygenes
(h) Test cross and backcross
4. Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
5. Write a note on the chromosome theory of inheritance.
6. Describe co -dominance with a suitable example.
7. Give an account of the symbols used in human Pedigree analysis
8. Characteristics of autosomal dominant traits
9. Characteristics of X -linked r ecessive traits
10. Characteristics of autosomal recessive traits
11. Characteristics of X -linked dominant traits
12. Intermediate lethal alleles
13. Phenylketoneuria
14. Albinism
15. Explain the inheritance of skin colour in humans.
16. Write a note on pleiotropy.
Unit: 2 (10 Marks).
1. Explain the structure of eukaryotic Chromosome.
2. Classify chromosomes on the basis of position of centromere.
3. Explain any two mechanisms of chromosomal basis of sex determination.
4. Explain the inheritance of colour blindness in man.
5. Explain sex determi nation in man/ Honey bee/ Birds / Drosophila.
Unit: 2 (05 Marks)
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
1. Describe the terms euchromatin and heterochromatin.
2. Write a note on polytene chromosomes.
3. Write a note on Lampbrush chromosomes.
4. Write a note o n salivary gland chromosome of D rosophila,
5. Write a note on Balbiani rings.
6. Explain endomitosis.
7. Write a note on Gyanandromorphs
8. Explain the role of environment on sex determination.
9. Explain the role of hormones in sex determination.
10. Explain hypertrichosis.
11. Differentiate between sex linked and sex influenced genes.
12. Differentiate between human X and Y chromosome.
13. Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
14. Write a note on Lyons hypothesis.
15. What are Barr bodies? Give a scientific reason that Barr bodies are present only in
women and not in men.
16. Give a scientific reason that Y chromosome is a sex determining chromosome in man.
17. Explain parthenogenesis.
18. Give scientific reason that the X linked genes affect males more than females in human beings.
19. What is centromere? Explain its role during cell division.
Unit: 3 (10 marks)
1. Describe Griffith transformation experiment.
2. Explain Avery, Macleod, McCarty’s experiment
3. Give an account of Hershey Chase experiment of bacteriophage infection.
4. Write a note on types of DNA .
5. Explain RNA as a genetic material.
6. Describe the process of DNA replication
7. Write in detail the process of transcription
8. Discuss the process of translation
9. What is gene expression? D escribe the regulation of gene s with Lac operon.
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
Write short notes on –
1. Chemical composition of nucleic acid
2. A and B DNA
3. Plasmid
4. Function of mRNA
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
5. Function of tRNA
6. Genetic code
7. One gene one enzyme hypothesis
8. Concept of operon
9. Z DNA
10. H DNA
11. Chromosomal DNA in prokaryotes
12. Mitochondrial DNA
13. DNA in chloroplast
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO302 (COURSE VI)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (05 Marks)
1. Write a note on nutrition apparatus in amoeba.
2. Describe briefly gastro -vascular cavity in hydra.
3. Explain briefly digestive system of earthworm.
4. Explain briefly digestive system of cockroach.
5. Explain briefly digestive system in bivalve.
6. Write a note on Wheel organ of Am phioxus.
7. Explain briefly digestive system of pigeon.
8. Write a note on ruminant stomach.
9. Explain briefly physiology of digestion in cockroach.
10. Write short note on digestion of proteins with respect to man.
11. Write short note on digestion of carbohydrates with respect to man
12. Write short note on digestion lipids with respect to man
13. Give a brief account of enzymes involved in the process of digestion in cockroach
14. Write short note contractile vacuoles as excretory and osmoregulatory structures in
protozoa.
15. Write a note on flame cells.
16. Describe the structure of septal nephridia with the help of a neat labeled diagram.
17. Write a note on nephridia as excretory organs in earthworm.
18. Describe briefly excretory and osmoregulatory structures in arthropods.
19. Write a note on Organ of Bojanus
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Item No. 4.7
20. Write a note on structure of kidney in fish.
21. Write a note on structure of amphibian kidney.
22. Write a note on structure of kidney in bird.
23. Write a note on structure of mammalian kidney.
24. Write a note on Ammonotelic organisms.
25. Write a note on Ureotelic organisms.
26. Write a note on Uricotelic organisms.
27. Write a note on ultrafiltration
28. Give a brief account of process of urine formation in man.
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. Describe briefly air sacs in pigeon.
2. Describe briefly the process of internal respiration with respect to man
3. Describe briefly the process of external respiration with respect to man
4. Give a brief account of types of circulating fluids present in animals.
5. Describe briefly mechanism of working of heart.
6. Describe briefly two chambered heart in shark.
7. Describe briefly structure of heart of frog.
8. Describe briefly heart of crocodile.
9. Give a brief account of heart of man.
Unit 2: ( 5 Mark)
1. Write short note on cutaneous respiration.
2. Write a note on Spiracle in cockroach.
3. Write a note on book lungs in spider.
4. Explain the structure of gills of bony fish
5. Explain the structure of gills of cartilaginous fish.
6. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in frog.
7. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in man.
8. Explain briefly accessory respiratory structure in Anabas .
9. Write short note on open circulation.
10. Write short note on closed circulation.
11. Write a note on heart of cockroach
12. Write a note on heart of earthworm.
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure and function.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
2. Explain conduction of nerve impulse.
3. Briefly describe synaptic transmission.
4. Describe briefly hormones as chemical messenger.
5. Explain briefly feedback mechanism of hormone regulation.
6. Explain sol -gel theory of amoeboid movement.
7. Describe ciliary movement in Paramecium .
8. Give an account on types of wings in insects.
9. Explain types of fins in Pisces.
10. Describe sliding filament theory.
11. Describe briefly asexual reproduction in animals.
12. Describe the structure and function of tube feet.
13. Describe spermatogenesis.
14. Describe oogenesis.
15. Describe briefly the structure of mammalian gametes.
16. Give an account on types of fertilization.
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on irritability in Paramecium
2. Write a note on resting potential of nerve membrane.
3. Write a note on action potential of nerve membrane.
4. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure.
5. Describe briefly different types of neurons on the basis of functions.
6. Describe the structure of synapse.
7. Write a note on striated muscle fib re.
8. Describe the structure of cilia.
9. Give an account on types of legs in insects.
10. Write a note on ovo- vivipariry.
11. Write a note on viviparity.
12. Write a note on oviparity.
13. Describe the structure of mammalian egg.
14. Describe the structure of mammalian sperm.
15. Describe the formation of gemmule in sponges.
16. Write a note on budding as asexual reproduction in mammals
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
USZO30 3 (COURSE VI I)
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (5 Marks)
1. How do honey bees communicate for foraging?
2. What is classical conditioning? Explain with an example.
3. What is imprinting? Explain different types of imprinting.
4. What do you mean by learning? Describe any two types of learning.
5. Describe the various ways in which ants communicate.
6. What is the significance of mimicry and warning coloratio n?
7. What is mimicry? Explain different types of mimicry with examples.
8. What is displacement activity? In what situations do displacement activities occur?
Explain with examples.
9. Write notes on:
i. Migration in Fis h
ii. Territorial behavior
iii. Schooling behavior in fish iv. Altruism and kinship
10. Which are the different types of social groups seen in non human primates?
11. Comment on any two aspects of non human primate social behavior.
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. Give an account of the life history and pathogencity of the parasite causing amoebic dysentery.
2. Describe in detail part of life cycle of P.vivax in mosquito.
3. Give an account of asexual cycle of P.vivax in man.
4. Describe the life history of Taenia solium .
5. Give an account of parasitic adaptive features of Taenia solium .
6. Give an account of the life history of Fasciola hepatica.
7. Give an account of the life history of filarial worm and discuss its pathogenic effects.
8. Describe the life history of bedbug and suggest some control measures.
9. Give an account of the life history of Sarcoptes scabiei.
10. Give an account of the life history of head l ouse Pediculus.
11. What is bird flu? How is it spread and what are its symptoms?
12. How would you control the transmission of anthrax among humans?
13. How is anthrax transmitted to man?
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Describe the structure of E. histolytica.
2. Where is E. histolytica found and what disease does it cause?
3. Write a short note on pathogenecity of E. histolytica .
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
4. Briefly describe the life cycle of E. histolytica .
5. What are the symptoms of malaria? Write its control measures.
6. Give an account of symptoms and pathogenecity of Plasmodium vivax.
7. Illustrate the complete life history of T. solium with the help of diagram only.
8. What is the effect of Fasciola on the hosts?
9. What are the primary and secondary hosts of Wuchereria bancrofti ? Which stage of
Wuchereria is infective for man?
10. What is host specificity?
11. What are the signs and symptoms of bird flu?
12. How is rabies transmitted?
13. What are the preventive measures to be taken to prevent infection of rabies virus?
14. What is toxoplasmosis and what are its causes?
15. Write notes on:
i. Parasitic adaptations in endoparasites
ii. Cysticercus or bladder worm.
iii. Pathogenecity of Wuchereria
iv. Control measures of bedbug.
v. Types of hosts
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. What does the modern method of apiculture include? Expl ain in brief.
2. How is an artificial bee hive constructed?
3. How do you select the flora and bee species for apiculture?
4. What are the benefits of vermiculture?
5. Describe any two methods of vermiculture.
6. How is raw milk processed?
7. What are the common adulterants of milk in India?
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
1. State the economic importance of honey and beeswax. 2. What are the disadvantages of the indigenous method of apiculture?
3. How does the wax moth cause damage to the honey comb?
4. Name any tw o bee enemies and explain how they harm the bees.
5. Give an account of the commonly found species of honey bee in India.
6. What are the advantages of the modern method of apiculture?
7. Which type of flora is beneficial for apiculture?
8. Which type of bee is suitable for apiculture?
9. What is the chemical composition of honey?
10. What is the suitable material for culturing earthworms?
11. What are the advantages of processing dairy products?
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
12. What is skimmed milk and toned milk? How are they prepared?
13. How is recombined milk prepared?
PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course V)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 15 marks
Q1. Extraction and detection of DNA
OR
Q1. Extraction and detection of RNA
Minor Question 07 marks
Q2. Mounting of Barr bodies
OR
Q2. Study of mitosis -Temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
OR Q2. Detection of blood groups and Rh factor
Q3. Problems on Genetics and Molecula r biology (T ranscription /G enetic code) 10 marks
(01 problem each)
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Q4. Identification 08 marks
a. Chromosome morphology
b. Pedigree analysis
Q5. Viva and Journal 10 marks
PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course VI)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 15 marks
Q1. Urine analysis —Normal and abnormal constituents
Minor Question 10 marks
Q2. Detection of ammonia in water excreted by fish
OR Q2. Detection of uric acid from excreta of Birds
Q3. Identification 15 marks
c. Nutritional apparatus
d. Respiratory structures
e. Locomotory organs
f. Study of hearts
g. Permanent slides on reproduction
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Q4. Viva 05 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks
PRACTICAL
USZOP3 ( Course VII)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 12 marks
Q1. Extraction of Casein from Milk and its qualitative estimation
OR
Q1. Preparation of paneer from the given milk sample.
OR
Q1. Measurement of density of milk using different samples by lactometer
Minor Question 08 marks
Q2. Life Cycle of Honey Bee and Bee Hive
OR
Q2. Mouthparts of Honey Bee
OR
Q2. Legs of Honey Bee
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
OR
Q2. Sting Apparatus of Honey Bee
Q3. Identifiy and describe as per instructions 15 marks
a. Ethology
b. Protozoan parasites
c. Helminth parasites
d. Ectoparasites
e. Parasitic adaptations
Q4. Project submission and V iva based on project 10 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks
SEMESTER IV
USZO401 COURSE -8
Origin and evolution of Life, Population genetics and
evolution, Scientific Attitude methodology , writing
and ethics
Unit 1 : Origin and evolution of Life 15L 30hrs
Objective :
To impart scientific knowledge to the learner about how life
originated and evolved on our planet .
Desired Outcome s :
Learner will gain insight about origin of life .
Learner will know about the different theories of evolution.
1.1 Introduction.
Origin of universe
Chemical evolution - Miller -Urey experiment, Haldane and
Oparin theory
Origin of life
Origin of eukaryotic cell. 5L 10hrs
1.2 Evidences in favour of organic evolution
Evidences from: Geographical distribution, Paleontology 4L 8hrs
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Item No. 4.7
Anatomy, Embryology, Physiology and Genetics .
1.3 Theories of organic evolution
Theory of Lamarck.
Theory of Darwin and Neo Darwinism
Mutation Theory
Modern Synthetic theory
Weismans germ plasm theory
Neutral theory of molecular evolution 6L 12hrs
Unit 2: Population genetics and evolution
15L
28hrs
Objective:
To develop learner's knowledge and understanding of genetic
variability within a population and how the change in the gene
pool leads to evolution of species.
Desired Outcome s:
Learner would understand the forces that cause evolutionary changes in natural populations .
Learner would comprehend the mechanisms of speciation
Learner will be able to distinguish between microevolution,
macroevolution and megaevolution
2.1 Introduction to population genetics 1L 3hrs
Definition
2.1.1 Brief explanation of the following terms:
Population, gene pool, Allele frequency, genotype frequency,
phenotype frequency, microevolution
2.2 Population genetics 6L 10hrs
2.2.1 Hardy -Weinberg Law
2.2.2 Factors that disrupt Hardy Weinberg equilibrium -
Mutation,
Migration (Gene flow),
Non-random mating (Inbreeding, inbreeding depression,
Assortative mating -Positive and Negative, Disassortative
mating),
Genetic drift (Sampling error, fixation, Bottleneck effect and Founder effect)
Natural Selection.
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Item No. 4.7
2.2.3 Patterns of Natural Selection
Stabilizing selection,
Directional Selection (Examples: Peppered moth, Antibiotic
resistance in bacteria, Pesticide resistance)
Disruptive selection
2.3 Evolutionary genetics
Genetic variation: Genetic basis of variation -Mutations and
Recombination (crossing over during meiosis, independent
assortment of chromosomes during meiosis and random union
of gametes during fertilization).
Nature of genetic variations - Genetic polymorphism, Balanced
polymorphism , M echanisms that preserve balanced
polymorphism -Heterozygote advantage and frequency
dependent selection,
Neutral variations .
Geographic variation (Cline). 8L 15hrs
2.3.1 Species Concept: Biological species concept and evolutionary
species concept
2.3.2 Speciation and Isolating mechanisms :
Definition and Modes of speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric ,
Parapatric and Peripatric )
Geographical isolation
Reproductive isolation and its isolating mechanisms
(Prezygotic and Postzygotic)
2.3.3 Macroevolution and Megaevolution :
Concept and Patterns of macroevolution (Stasis, Preadaptation /Exaptation, Mass extinctions, Adaptive radiation and
Coevolution),
Megaevolution
Unit 3: Scientific Attitude methodology , writing and ethics 15L 32hrs
Objective :
To inculcate scientific temperament in the learner.
Desired o utcome:
The learner will develop qualities such as critical thinking and
analysis.
The learner will develop the skills of scientific communication.
Learner will understand the ethical aspect s of research
3.1 Process of science: A dynamic approach to investigation 4L 10hrs
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
The Scientific method
Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning, Critical
thinking, Role of chance in scientific discovery
Scientific Research
Definition, difference between method and methodology
characteristics, types
Steps in the Scientific Method
Identification of research problem, Formulation of research
hypothesis, Testing the hypothesis using experiments or surveys, Preparing research/ study design including
methodology and execution (Appropriate controls, sample size, technically sound, free from bias, repeat experiments for
consi stency), Documentation of data, Dat a analysis and
interpretation, Results and C onclusions
Dissemination of data
Reporting results to scientific community (Publication in peer -
reviewed journals , thesis, dissertation, reports, oral
presentation, poster presentation)
Application of knowledge
Basic research, Applied research, Translational research,
Patent
3.2 Scientific writing 4L 10hrs
Structure and components of a research paper
(Preparation of manuscript for publication of research paper) -
Title, Authors and their affiliations, Abstract, Keywords and
Abbreviations, Introduction, Material and Methods, Results,
Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgement, Bibliography;
Figures, Tables and their legends
3.3 Writing a review paper 3L 5hrs
Structure and components of research report:
Report writing, Types of report
Computer application
Plotting of graphs , Statistical analysis of data. Internet and its
application in research -Literature survey, O nline submission of
manuscript for publication
3.4 Ethics 3L 5hrs
Ethics in animal research
The ethical and sensitive care and use of animals in research ,
teaching and testing, Approval from Institutional a nimal ethics
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Committee .
Ethics in clinical research
Approval from Clinical Research Ethics Committee
Informed consent
Approval from concerned/ appropriate authorities :
National Biodiversity Authority
State Biodiversity B oard
Forest D epartment
Conflict of interest
3.5 Plagiarism 1L 2hrs
USZO402 COURSE -9
Cell Biology, Endo membrane System and
Biomolecules
Unit 1 : Cell Biology 15L 26hrs
Objective :
To study the structural and functional organization of cell
with an emphasis on nucle us, plasma membrane and
cytoskeleton.
Desired outcome :
Learner would acquire insight of transport mechanisms
for maintenance and composition of cell
1.1 Introduction to cell biology
Definition and scope
Cell theory
Generalized prokaryotic , eukaryotic cell : size, shape and
structure 2L 4hrs
1.2 Nucleus
Size, shape, number and position
Structure and functions of interphase nucleus
Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane and pore complex
Nucleolus: general organization, chemical composition and
functions
Nuclear sap/ nuclear matrix
Nucleocytoplasmic interactions 5L 6hrs
1.3 Plasma membrane
a. Fluid Mosaic Model
b. Junctional complexes
c. Membrane receptors 4L 8hrs
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
d. Modifications: M icrovilli, Desmosomes and Plasmo desmata.
1.4 Transport across membrane
a. Diffusion and Osmosis
b. Transport: Passive and Active
c. Endocytosis and Exocytosis 2L 4hrs
1.5 Cytoskeletal structures
Microtubules: C omposition and functions
Microfilaments: Composition and functions 2L 4hrs
Unit 2 Endomembrane System 15L 25hrs
Objective :
To acquaint the learner with Ultra structure of cell organelles
and their functions.
Desired outcome:
Learner would appreciate the intricacy of endomembrane
system.
Learner would understand the interlinking of endomembrane
system for functioning of cell.
2.1 Endoplasmic reticulum
Discovery, occurrence and Types
Ultrastructure and Functions 3L 5hrs
2.2 Golgi complex
Origin, occurrence and morphology
Ultra structure and functions 3L 4hrs
2.3 Lysosomes
Origin, occurrence and polymorphism
Ultrastructure and Functions 3L 4hr
2.4 Mitochondria
Origin, occurrence and morphology
Ultrastructure and functions
Marker enzymes, Mitochondrial biogenesis, Semiautonomous nature of mitochondria 6L 12hrs
Unit 3: Biomolecules 15L 30hrs
Objective :
To give learner insight into the structure of biomolecules,
and their role in sustenance of life .
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Desired outcome:
The learner will realize the importance of biomolecules and
their clinical significance.
3.1 Biomolecules
Concept of Micromolecules and Macromolecules. 2L 5hrs
3.2 Carbohydrates
Definition Classification, Properties and Isomerism,
Glycosidic bond
Structure of a. Monosaccharides - Glucose and Fructose
b. Disaccharides - Lactose and Sucrose
c. Polysaccharides - Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen and Chitin
Biological role and their Clinical significance 4L 8hrs
3.3 Amino Acids and Proteins
Basic structure of amino acid, classification of amino acids , Essential and Non -essential amino acids, Peptide bond
Protein conformation : Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Types of proteins – Structural (Keratin, Collagen) and functional proteins (Hemoglobin)
Biological role and their Clinical significan ce 5L 8hrs
3.4 Lipids
Definition, classification of lipids with examples, Ester linkage
Physical and Chemical properties of lipids
Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids , Essential fatty acids
Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids (Lecithin and Cephalin) and Steroids (Cholesterol).
Biological role and their Clinical significance 4L 5hrs
3.5 Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins(e.g. Vit C, Vit B12)
Lipid soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit A, Vit D)
Biological role and their Clinical significance 2L 4hrs
USZO40 3 COURSE -10
Comparative Embryology, Aspects of Human
Reproduction, Pollution and its effect on organisms
UNIT 1: Comparative Embryology 15L 25hrs
Objective:
To acquaint the learner with key concepts of embryology .
Desired Outcome s:
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Learner will be able to understand and compare the different
pre- embryonic stages
Learner will be able to appreciate the functional aspects of
extra embryonic membrane s and classify the different types of
placentae .
1.1 Types of Eggs- Based on amount and distribution of yolk 2L 4hrs
1.2 Structure and Types of Sperms 1L 1hr
1.3 Types of C leavages. - Holoblastic and Meroblastic 1L 3hrs
1.4 Types of Blastula e 1L 3hrs
1.5 Gastrulation 2L 4hrs
1.6 Coelom -Formation and types 2L 3hrs
1.7 Extra embryonic membranes
Types of P lacentae -Based on histology, morphology and
implantation 6L 10hrs
UNIT 2: Aspects of Human Reproduction 15L 30 hrs
Objective s:
To acquaint the learners with different aspects of human
reproducti on.
To make them aware of the causes of infertility, techniques
to overcome infertility and the concept of birth control
Desired Outcome:
Learners will able to understand human reproductive
physiology
Learners will become familiar with advance s in ART and
related ethical issues.
2.1 Human Reproductive system and Hormonal regulation
Anatomy of human male and female reproductive system
Hormonal regulation of Reproduction and Impact of age on
reproduction -Menopause and Andropause 2L 4hrs
2.2 Contraception & birth control
Difference between contraception and birth control
Natural Methods: Abstinence , Rhythm method, Temperature
method, cervical mucus or Billings method, Coitus interruptus,
Lactation amenorrhea
Artificial methods : Barrier methods, Hormonal methods,
Intrauterine contraceptives, Sterilization, Termination ,
Abortion 2L 4hrs
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
2.3 Infertility
Female infertility
Causes - Failure to ovulate; production of infertile eggs ;
damage to oviducts (oviduct scarring and PID or Pelvic
inflammatory disease, TB of oviduct), Uterus (T. B. of uterus
and cervix)
Infertility associated disorders ( Endometriosis, Polycystic
Ovarian syndrome (PCOS), POF (Primary ovarian failure)
STDs (Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphilis and Genital Herpes);
Antibodies to sperm; Genetic causes -Recurrent abortions;
Role of endocrine disruptors 4L 8hrs
Male infertility
Causes : T esticular failure, infections of epididymis, seminal
vesicles or prostate, hypogonadism, cryptorchidism , congenital
abnormalities ,Varicocele , Blockage, Azoospermia,
Oligospermia , abnormal sperms, autoimmunity, ejaculatory
disorders and Idiopathic infertility .
2.5 Treatment of Infertilit y
Removal /reduction of causative environmental factors
Surgical treatment
Hormonal treatment - Fertility drugs
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Sperm banks, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos
Surrogacy 4L 8hrs
2.6 Techniques and Ethical considerations of ART
In vitro fertilization, Embryo transfer (ET), Intra -fallopian
transfer (IFT), Intrauterine transfer (IUT), Gamete intra -
fallopian transfer (GIFT), intra -zygote transfer (ZIFT),
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with ejaculated
sperm and sperm retrieved from testicular biopsies –
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE), Pronuclear stage transfer
(PROST). 3L 6hrs
UNIT3: Pollution and its effect on organisms 15L 27hrs
Objective :
To provide a panoramic view of impact of human activities
leading to pollution and its implications.
Desired Outcome :
The learners will be sensitized about the adverse effects of
pollution and measures to control it.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
3.1 Air Pollution
Types and sources of air pollutants
Effects and control measures 3L 6hrs
3.2 Water Pollution
Types and sources of w ater pollutants
Effects and c ontrol measures 3L 6hrs
3.3 Soil Pollution
Types and sources of soil pollutants
Effect s and c ontrol measures 3L 4hrs
3.4 Noise pollution
Different means of noise pollution
Effect s and control measures 1L 3hrs
3.5 Radioactive pollution 1L 2hrs
3.6 Solid waste Pollution
Types and sources,
Effects and control 2L 4hrs
3.7 Pollution – Climate change and Global warming 2L 2hrs
SEMESTER IV
Practical USZOP4 ( Course VIII)
1 Study of population density by Line transect method & Quadrant method and calculate different
diversity indices.
a. Index of Dominance.
b. Index of frequency.
c. Rarity Index.
d. Shannon Index.
e. Index of species diversity
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Item No. 4.7
2 Study of Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) by Crystal violet staining technique.
3 Study of Eukaryotic cells (WBCs) from blood smear by Leishman’s stain.
4 Identification and study of fossils
a. Arthropods : Trilobite
b. Mollusca: Ammonite
c. Aves : Archaeopteryx
5 Identification of
a) Allopatric speciation ( Cyprinodon species)
b) Sympatric speciation.( hawthorn fly and apple maggot fly )
c) Parapatric speciation. (Snail)
6 Bibliography/ Abstract writing.
7 Preparation of Power point presentation
Practical USZOP4 ( Course IX )
1 Study of permeability of cell through plasma membrane (Osmosis in blood cells).
2 Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer (by using permanent slide )
3 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (Molisch’s test, Benedicts test, Barfoed’s test,
Anthrone test)
4 Qualitative tests for protein ( Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s test, Xanthoproteic
test)
5 Qualitative test for lipids ( solubility test, Sudan III test)
6 Study of rancidity of lipid by titrimetric method.
7 Ultra structure of cell organelles – (Electron micrographs)
a. Nucleus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough)
c. Mitochondria.
d. Golgi apparatus
e. Lysosomes
8 Study of clinical disorders due to carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
imbalance.(photograph to be provided / significance to given and disorder to be
identified)
a. Hyperglycemia , Hypoglycemia.
b. Thalessemia, Kwashiorkar
c. Obesity, Atherosclerosis
Practical USZOP4 ( Course X)
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
1 Estimation of Dissolved oxygen from the given water sample .
2 Estimation of Salinity by refractometer from the given water sample.
3 Estimation of conductivity by conductometer from the given water sample .
4 Determination of blood pressure by spyghmomanometer.
5 Detection of Creatinine in urine.
6 Determination of blood sugar by GOD and POD method
7 Study of bleeding time and clotting time.
8 Study of the following permanent slides, museum specimens and materials.
a. Mammalian sperm and ovum.
b. Egg types –Fish eggs, Frog eggs , Hen's egg.
c. Cleavage , blastula and gastrula (Amphioxus, Frog and Bird).
9 Study of commercially important fishery (Catla, Rohu, Catfish, Mackerel, Pomfret,
Bombay duck, Prawn/ Shrimp, Crab, Lobster, Edible oyster)
10 Review w riting based on programmes telecast by Doordarshan, Discovery channel,
Gyandarshan, UGC programmes, Animal planet
11 Study of natural ecosystem and field report of the visit
Note -The practicals may be conducted by using specimens authorised by the wildlife and such
other regulating authorities though it is strongly recommended that the same should be taught by
using photographs/audio -visual aids/ simulations / models, etc. as recommended by the UGC and as
envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring bodies. No new specimens, however, shall be
procured for the purpose of conducting practicals mentioned here -in-above.
#There shall be at least one excursion/field trip
Semester IV
REFERENCE AND ADDITIONAL READING
COURSE -VIII (USZO 401)
1. Theory of Evolution - Smith, Cambridge Press, and Low price Ed.
2. Evolution - Strickberger, CBS publication
3. Evolution - P.S.Verma and Agarwal
4. Introduction to E volution by Moody
5. Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
6. Biology -The Unity and Diversity of Life . C. Starr, R. Taggart, C. Evers, L. Starr,
Brooks/Cole Cengage learning International Edition
7. Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques - by C.R. Kothari, Wiley
Eastern Ltd. Mumbai
8. Practical research planning and desig n 2nd edition - Paul D Leedy, Macmilan
Publication
COURSE -IX (USZO402)
1. Cell Biology by Singh and Tomoar Rastogi Publication..
2. Cell and molecular Biology E.D.P De Robertis and E.M.R Robertis ,CBS Publishers
and Distributors
3. The cell A molecular Approach Goeffrey M.Coper ASM Press Washington D.C.
4. A textbook of cytology Suruchi Tyagi Dominant Publishers and Distributors New
Delhi.
5. Cell and molecular biology Gupta P.K , Rastogi Publication, India.
6. Cell Biology Pawar C.B. Himalaya publication
7. Molecular Biology of the cell (6th ed) by the Insertus
8. Campbell Biology (9th Ed.)
9. Principles of Biochemistry, 2005, 2nd and 3rd edn. Lehninger A.L. Nelson D.L. and
Cox M.M ,
10. Biochemistry, Dushyant Kumar Shrma, 2010, Narosa Publishing house PVT.Ltd.
11. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Dr AC Deb, 1983, New Central Book Agency Ltd.
12. A Textbook of Biochemistry, 9th edition , Dr. Rama Rao A.V.S.S and Dr A
Suryalakshmi.
13. Biochemistry -G Zubay , Addison Wesley, 1983
14. Biochemistry, L Stryer, 3rd/4th/5th ed, 1989 , Freeman and Co. NY
15. Harper’s Biochemistry,1996, 26th edition, Murray R.K. Granner D.K. Mayes P.A.
Rodwell V.M. Hall international USA
16. Outline of Biochemistry, 1976, E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf. John Wiley and Sons
USA
COURSE- X (USZO40 3)
1. Developmental Biology- 5th Edition, Scot F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates Inc.
2. Developmental Biology- Subramoniam T., Narosa Publishers.
3. Developmental Biology- Berril N.J. , Tata Mc Graw –Hill Publication.
4. Essential Reproduction- Martin H. Johnson, Wiley- Blackwell Publication .
5. Chick Embryology- Bradley M. Pattern.
6. Embryology- Mohan P. Arora.
7. Chordate Embryology- Dalela,Verma and Tyagi
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
8. Human Anatomy and Physiology. E. L. Marieb, Pearson Education Low Price
Edition
9. Biological Science. Taylor, Green and Stout. Cambridge Publication
10. Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
11. Human Biology- Daniel D Chiras Jones and Bartlett
12. The Physiology of Reproduction Vol I & II - E.K .Nobil and JU. D.Neil, Raven Press,
New York.
12. Air P ollution, Kudesia V.P. Pragati P rakasan, Meerut
13. Fundamentals of Air Pollution Daniel A. Vallero,Academic press 5th Edition
14. Principles and Practices of Air Poll ution Control and Analysis J.R. Mudakani I K
International Pub. Hous e Pvt . Ltd.
15. Text Book of Air Pollution and its Control, S.C.Bhatia Atlantic
16. Water Pollution, Kudesia V.P. , Pragati Prakasan, Meerut
17. A text book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control, S.S.Dogra, Swastic
Pub, New Delhi
18. Practical Methods for water and Air Pollution Monitoring,S.K.Bhargava,New Age
International
19. Hand Book of Water and waste water Analysis, Kanwaljit Kaur, Atlantic
20. Aquatic Pollution by Edward A. Laws
21. Environmental Science and Technology, Stanely E.Manahan
22. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De, New Age International
23. A Text Book of Environmental Studies, Gurdeep R.Chatwal, Harish Sharma, Madhu
Arora, Himalaya
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION (THEORY)
(a) Internal assessment of twenty five (25) marks per course per semester should be conducted
according to the guidelines given by University of Mumbai vide circular number UG/04 of 2014 Dated 5th June 2014 to be implemented from academic year 2015- 16.
(b) External assessment of seventy five (75) marks per course per semester should be conducted
as per the following skeleton question paper pattern.
(c) One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course each should be conducted at the end
of ever y semester.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
SKELETON- EXAMINATION PATTERN FOR THE ABOVE SYLLABUS
All Questions are compulsory
Figures to the right indicate full marks
Time: 2.5 hours Total marks: 75
Q.1. UNIT 1
Answer any four out of eight (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.2. UNIT 2
a. Answer any one of the two (10 marks)
b. Answer any two out of the four (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.3. UNIT 3
Answer any two out of four (10 marks each) 20 marks
Q.4. a. Unit 1 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions)
b. Unit 2 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions)
c. Unit 3 - (One note of five marks OR objective type questions) 15 marks
*For Question 4 it is recommended to have objective questions such as –
(a) Match the column (b) MCQ
(c) Give one word for (d) True and False
(e) Define the term (f) Answer in one sentence etc
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 401(COURSE VIII )
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (10 Marks )
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
1. Write explanatory notes on;
1. Lamarckism. 2. Darwinism and Neo Darwinism.
3. Mutation Theory 4. Modern Synthetic theory.5.Weismans germplasm theory
2. Neutral theory of molecular evolution. (Some of them can be asked as short notes as
well)
3. Discuss evidences in favor of organic evolution by giving examples of geographical
distribution.
4. Discuss evidences in favor of organic evolution by giving examples of genetics , and
molecular biology.
5. Discuss evidences in favor of organic evolution by giving examples of physiology and biochemistry.
6. Discuss brief account of Origin of eukaryotic cell .
Unit 1: (5 Marks )
1. Describe chemical evolution with Miller -Urey experiment.
2. Describe chemical evolution with Haldane and Oparin theory.
3. Write short notes on: 1. Mutation Theory 2. Modern Synthetic theory
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
2. Define the term ‘population genetics’. D escribe in brief the various evolutionary
forces that tend to disturb genetic equilibrium and introduce changes in the gene pool
of a population.
3. State Hardy Weinberg’s law of equilibrium and discuss its salient features.
4. Give an account of the different factors involved in speciation.
5. Describe the different types of speciation.
6. Explain the role of geographic isolation in the development of new species.
7. Explain the role of reproductive isolation in the development of new species.
8. Discuss the pre- zygotic barriers responsible for reproductive isolation.
9. Discuss the post -zygotic barriers which lead to reproductive isolation.
10. Describe the sources of genetic variation in natural populations.
11. Explain the nature and extent of genetic variation within populations.
12. Describe the mechanisms that preserve balanced polymorphisms.
13. Describe the salient features of microevoluion.
14. Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution.
15. Explain the salient features of macroevolution.
16. Give an account of the different patterns of macroevolution.
17. Elaborate on the role of adaptive radiation and extinction in macroevolution.
18. What do you understand by the term natural selection? Describe the different types of natural selection with suitable exa mples.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
19. What is megaevolution? Explain the mechanism of megaevolution using a suitable
example.
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Explain the term ‘gene pool’. How does evolution operate via the gene pools of
populations?
2. Differentiate between:
i. Allopatric an d Sympatric speciation
ii. Biological and evolutionary species
iii. Microevolution and macroevolution
iv. Stabilizing selection and disruptive selection
v. Convergent and divergent evolution
3. Explain stabilizing selection with the help of a suitable example.
4. How does the example of sickle cell allele illustrate heterozygote advantage?
5. How does frequency- dependent selection affect genetic variation within a population
over time?
6. Write short notes on:
i. Role of mutations in evolution
ii. Role of migration in evolution
iii. Non-random m ating
iv. Role of natural selection in evolution
v. Genetic drift
vi. Bottleneck effect
vii. Founder effect
viii. Directional evolution in peppered moth
ix. Evolution of Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
x. Geographic variation
xi. Genetic polymorphism
xii. Parapatric speciation
xiii. Adaptive radiation
7. What is the biological species concept? What are its limitations? How does it differ
from the evolutionary species concept?
8. Explain the concept of co evolution using suitable examples
Unit 3: (10 Mar ks)
1. Describe briefly, the steps towards preparing a research design.
2. Describe literature survey, collection of data and its analysis.
3. What is a patent and how is it obtained?
4. Write an account on application of statistics in research .
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
Unit 3: (5 Marks)
1. Define research. State the difference between research method and research
methodology.
2. Write a note on computer application in research.
3. Describe briefly identification of research problem and formulation of research
hypothesis.
4. What is abstract writing?
5. What is plagiarism?
6. What is bibliography?
7. Write a short note on ethics in animal research.
8. Write a short note on ethics in clinical research .
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 402(COURSE IX)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit 1: (10 marks)
1. Explain prokaryotic cell
2. Explain Eukaryotic cell
3. Give an account of cell theory
4. Describe ultrastructure of nuclear membrane
5. State chemical composition and functions of nucleolus
6. Describe nucleocytoplasmic reactions
7. Explain r RNA processing
8. Describe fluid mosaic mo del of plasma membrane
9. Give an account of active and passive transport
10. Describe various modifications of plasma membrane
11. Explain pinacocytosis, phagocytosis and secretion
12. Give an account of cell permeability
13. Differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
Unit 1: (5 Marks)
1. Virus
2. Nuclear matrix
3. Number ad position of nucleus
4. Molecular organization of chromatin
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
5. Unit membrane concept
6. Nucleolus
7. Membrane receptors
8. Sandwich model
9. Cell coat
10. Cell recognition
Unit 2: (10 Marks )
1. Describe Ultrastructure of Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Describe types of Endoplasmic Reticulum and add a note on their functions
3. Give an account of Ultrastructure and functions of Golgi complex
4. Explain Ultrastructure and morphology of lysosomes
5. Comment on Semiautonomous nature of mitochondria
6. Describe ultrastructure and function of mitochondria
7. Explain protein import in mitochondria
8. Explain ultrastructure of microtubules
9. Describe chemical composition and functions of microfilaments
10. Give an account of biochemical composition and functions of microtubules.
Unit 2: ( 5 Marks)
1. Occurrence of Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Significance of Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Occurrence and morphology of golgi complex
4. Polymorphism in lysosomes
5. Significance of lysosomes
6. Occurrence and morphology of lysosomes
7. Marker enzymes in mitochondria
8. Significance of mitochondria
9. Location and significance of microfilaments
10. Significance of microtubules.
Unit 3 : (10 Marks)
1. Discuss the chemical behavior of carbon and a note on variety of functional
groups of biomolecules.
2. Explain the concept of micromolecules and macromolecules.
3. Describe the structure of water. Add a note on physic -chemical properties of
water.
4. Define carbohydrate. Add a note on its classification.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
5. What are carbohydrates? Explain the classification of carbohydrate with suitable
examples.
6. Define and explain the classification of carbohydrates.
7. Explain with suitable example monosaccharide and disssacharide.
8. Discuss the properties of carbohydrates.
9. What are disaccharides? Draw the structures o f maltose and sucrose.
10. What are polysaccharides? How are they classified. Write the structures of glycogen and heparin/ chitin and heparin.
11. Discuss about chemical structure of the monosaccharides/ disaccharides
12. What are amino acids? Discuss classification of amino acids based on R group.
13. Give an account of primary and secondary structure of proteins.
14. Write an account on tertiary and quarternary structure of proteins.
15. Describe the structure of saturated and uns aturated fatty acids.
16. Define essential fatty acids. Add a note on it.
17. Define lipids. Write a note on mono, di and triglcrides/ phospholipids
18. What are fatty acids? Add a note on types of fatty acids.
19. Structure and functions of water soluble vitamins
20. Structure and functions of lipid soluble vitamins
Unit 3: (5mks)
1. Write a short note on - monomers and polymers.
2. Write note on properties of carbohydrates.
3. Give an account of polysaccharides.
4. With suitable example explain glycosidic bond.
5. Explain the linkage in lactose and sucrose.
6. Give the biological importance of carbohydrates.
7. What are essential and nonessential amino acids?
8. Give an account of properties of amino acids.
9. Define and explain peptide bond with suitable example.
10. Types of proteins with suitable examples
11. Biological roles of proteins.
12. Peptide bond
13. Types of fatty acids.
14. Biological role of lipids
15. Properties of fatty acid
16. Sterol and waxes
17. Describe properties of fatty acid/lipids
18. Discuss the clinical significance of prot ein / carbohydrate /lipids/
19. write short note on clinical significance of lipids
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
20. Write a note on - isomerism in carbohydrates and amino acids?
21. Structure and functions of vitamin A/ vitamin B/ vitamin C/ vitamin D
MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER I V
USZO 403(COURSE X)
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include new
questions to the best of their perception
Unit -1: (10 Marks)
1) Classify the different types of eggs..
2) Briefly explain types and structure of sperms (any two animals).
3) Define cleavage Explain types of cleavages.
4) Give brief account on various types of blastulae.
5) What is gastrulation ? Explain gastrulation in frog.
6) Give an account of process of coelom formation and its types.
7) Explain various types of placentae in mammals.
8) Give an account of extra embryonic membranes.
9) Describe briefly the types of eggs on the basis of amount and distribution of yolk.
10) Describe the early dev elopment of mamma lian egg upto gastrulation.
11) Give a brief note on different types of sperms.
12) Write a note on blastula and explain its types.
13) Explain the comparative process of embryo formation.
Unit -1: (5 -Marks)
1) Draw neat labeled diagram and explain any one of the following:
(Microlecithal, ,Alecithal, Homolecithal, Heterolecithal, Isolecithal, Telolecithal,
Centrolecithal, Discoidal ).
2) Explain structure of sperms of frog/ reptiles/ birds/ mammals.
3) Short note on Holoblastic cleavage. Or Meroblastic cleavage.
4) Short note on equal or unequal cleavage.
5) Short note on Discoblastula or Coeloblastula.
6) Short note on centroblastula or amphiblastula or stereoblaastula,
7) Explain the process of coelom formation in process of gastrulation.
8) Short notes on : Amnion /Chorion/Allant ois/Yolk sac.
9) Explain the function of Amnion /Chorion/Allantois/Yolk sac/.
10) Shor t note on Yolk sac placenta or S ynsesmochorial placenta/Discoidal
placenta/Cotyledonary placenta/Hemo -chorial placenta /Zonary placenta/Diffuse
placenta
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
11) Short note on Deciduous or non- deciduous placenta
12) Write the functions of placenta.
13) What are the roles of Embryonic membranes and extra embryonic membranes
Unit 2: (10 Marks)
1. Describe male reproductive system and its hormonal regulation.
2. Describe female reproductive system an d its hormonal regulation.
3. Define reproduction. Explain the hormonal regulation of reproduction.
4. What is contraception? Explain different methods of contraception.
5. How is contraception different from birth control?
6. Define infertility and explain the causes of female infertility.
7. What are the causes of male infertility?
8. Explain the hormonal treatment for infertility using drugs.
9. Describe the methods of treatment of infertility.
10. Give a brief account of infertility related disorders.
11. What are sperm banks? Add a note on cryopreservation of sperms.
12. What is testicular biopsy? Explain Testicular sperm extraction (TESE),
Pronuclear stage transfer (PROST).
13. What are the steps involved in Embryo transfer (ET) and / Intra -fallopian transfer
(IFT)?
14. What is ART technique? Add a note on IVF (steps, success and ethical considerations).
Unit 2: (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on impact of age on reproductive stage –
a. Menopause
b. Andropause
2. What is amenorrhea?
3. What are IUD’s? How do they work as barriers for fertilization?
4. How does sterilization act as a method of contraception?
5. Write a note on birth control.
6. What is the difference between natural and artificial methods of contraception?
7. How is T.B. a cause of female infertility?
8. What are the genetic causes of infertility?
9. Write a note on STD’s as infertility related disorders?
10. Explain briefly:
a. Impotency
b. Surrogacy
c. Endometriosis
d. Idiopathic infertility
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
11. What are the roles of endocrine disruptions in infertility?
12. Explain the role of the following in infertility:
a. Gonorrhea
b. Syphilis
c. Genital Herpes
d. Chlamydia
13. Write a note on treatment of infertility by removal of causative environmental
factors.
14. Write a note on Ethical consideration s of ART.
Unit 3: (10 Marks)
1. What are the causes, effects and control measures for air pollution?
2. What are the causes, effects and control measures for water pollution?
3. What are the causes, effects and control measures for soil pollution?
4. What are the causes, effects and control measures for noise pollution?
5. Define air pollution and give an account of hazardous air pollutants.
6. Explain the causes of nutrient pollution and its control measures.
7. What is ocean littering? Explain in details the causes and control measures for ocean littering?
8. Describe the alteration of metabolism of micro -organism s due to soil pollution.
9. Explain noise pollution along with its measurement and permissible limits.
10. Give a brief account of methods to control gaseous / particulate matters.
11. What is pollution? Add notes on:
a. Effect of air pollution on vegetation.
b. Effect of noise pollution on animals.
12. How can the people be made aware of pollution and its effects?
Unit 3: (5 Marks )
1. Explain the effects of air pollution on human beings.
2. What are different types of pollutants that cause air pollution?
3. Write short note s on:
a. Ozone depletion
b. Green house gases
c. Global warming
d. Acid rain
e. Sonic boom
f. Acoustic zoning
4. Explain the effect of thermal pollution on biodiversity.
5. Write a note on solar radiation.
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
6. Write a note on ionizing radiation
7. How are heavy metals responsible for nutrient pollution? Cite some examples of
effects of heavy metal pollution on human health.
8. How is oil spills a cause of water pollution / ocean littering?
9. How do pesticides and fertilizers contaminate water?
10. How can oil be retracted back from sea / ocean?
11. What are the effects of soil pollution on food chain?
12. How are POP’s and ordinary salts responsible for nutrient pollution?
13. What are the auditory / non – auditory effects of noise pollution.
14. Why is the necessity to save drinking water?
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 (Course VIII)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 12 marks
Q1. Study Population density by Line transect or Quadrant method and calculate
biodiversity indices (any 2)
Minor Quest ion 08 marks
Q2. Prepare a smear to show prokaryotic cell.
OR
Q2. Prepare a smear to show eukaryotic cell.
Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 08 marks
a. Fossils
b. Speciation
Q4. From the given article prepare the bibliography/ abstract 06 marks
Q5. Power point presentation 06 marks
Q6. Viva and Journal 10 marks
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 ( Course IX )
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 15 marks
Q1. Study of permeability of cell through plasma membrane (Osmosis in blood cells).
OR
Q1. Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer (by using permanent slide)
Minor Question 10 marks
Q2. Qualitative tests f or carbohydrates (Molisch’s test, Benedicts test, Barfoed’s test,
Anthrone test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative tests for proteins (Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s test, Xanthoproteic
test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative test for lipids (S olubility test, Sudan III test)
OR
Q2. Study of rancidity of lipids by titrimetric method
Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 15 marks
1. Ultra structure of cell organelles ( a, b & c)
2. Clinical disorders (d & e )
Q4. Viva 05 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks
AC 11/03/2016
Item No. 4.7
PRACTICAL
USZOP4 ( Course X)
Skeleton - Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs Marks: 50
Major Question 12 marks
Q1. Estimation of Dissolved oxygen from the given water sample
OR
Q1. Detection of Creatinine in urine
OR
Q1. Determination of blood sugar by GOD and POD method
Minor Question 08 marks
Q2. Estimation of Salinity by refractometer from the given water sample
OR
Q2. Estimation of conductivity by conductometer from the given water sample
OR
Q2. Determination of blood pr essure by using spyghmomanometer
OR
Q2. Study of bleeding time and clotting time
Q3 . Identifiy and describe as per instruction s 15 marks
1. Permanent slides (a &b )
2. Fishery (c ,d & e)
Q4. Field Report and viva based on it. 10 marks
Q5. Journal 05 marks