Paper-IX-Social-Work-for-Rural-Development-English-Version-munotes

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VOLUNTARY SECTOR
Unit Structure :
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Concept of Volunteer Work
1.3 Voluntary Organizations and Its Various Types
1.4 Summary
1.5 Terminology
1.6 Question Set
1.7 Introduction
1.8 2. Nature of Voluntary Sector
1.9 3. Features of Voluntary Sector
1.9 Summary
1.10 Exercise
1.11 Reference
1.0 OBJECTIVES
In the present chapter we will study;
 The concept of volunteer work and volunteers.
 The definition of voluntary organizations and their different types.
 Nature of Voluntary Sector
 Features of Voluntary Sector
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Since the time before independence, the saints have strived to awaken the
populace. According to the Saints, Mahatma, "Service to man is service to
God." In this contribution to mankind, a v ariety of people and charity
organisations have given food to the hungry, drink to the thirsty,
instruction to the illiterate, protection to the crippled, and medicines to the
sick and afflicted. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Karmaveer munotes.in

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2 Bhaurao Pa til, and many more social revolutionaries contributed to the
advancement of society on an individual basis. Rural communities have
been helped by organisations like the Theosophical Society, Islamic
Association, and Ramakrishna Mission.
Activists received social service initiatives from Mahatma Gandhi in 1941.
There were fourteen of them, such as those addressing village sanitation,
village industries, khadi production, adult education, improving women's
status, basic education, eliminating untouchability, banning drugs, farmers'
rights organisations, trade unions based on truth and nonviolence, regional
language expansion, tribal reform, student welfare, etc. The first national
initiative for rural development was launched by Mahatma Gandhi. A
society devo id of exploitation centred on equality, honesty, nonviolence,
the value of labour, and compassion was what he envisioned as the ideal.
Numerous activists and nonprofit groups began operating in rural regions
as a result of Mahatma Gandhi.
After the indepe ndence, the responsibility for the development of the
country fell on the government system. Experiments in the form of social
development projects, Panchayati Raj, co -operative societies were started
for rural development. However, the system of governanc e did not
succeed as it should have. From then on, voluntary organizations
participated in the development work. Today, along with the government,
voluntary organizations are participating in development work

Some Notworthy Project in Rural Development a re:
 Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil's Educational Work for underprivileged,
 Baba Amte's Anandvan,
 Smt. Godutai Parulekar's Tribal Welfare Program,
 Smt. Tarabai Modak’s Tribal Education Project
 Smt. Anutai Wagh's Tribal Education Project,
 Dr. Rajnikanth and Myakhel Arole's Rural Health Project (Jamkhed
Dist. Ahmednagar),
 Shri. Anna Hazare's Rural Development Project (Ralegansiddhi
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3  Isamuddin Baidani's Backward Classes and Tribal Welfare Ashram
(Vardha),
 Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh, Bhausaheb Hire work in Rural Education


The state of Maharashtra is full of volunteers. From the state of
Maharashtra, the work of social transformation like education, social
change, village industries, industrial development, eradication of
untouchability starte d and this work spread all over the country. Thus the
social workers spontaneously devoted themselves to social work and
started trying to create a better society. This work is still going on all over
the country.
1.2 THE CONCEPT OF VOLUNTEER WORK
Voluntee ring is a noble act that springs from the human spirit. Numerous
people dedicate their life to resolving social issues that affect the welfare
of others via personal experience, spontaneity, or the inspiration of another
person. They continue to strive for this as their life's objective. Volunteer
labour is performed by individuals or groups of individuals who derive
great delight from seeing a person in need smile, be joyful, and feel
satisfied. Volunteering does not expect compensation. Volunteers believe
that the income of their life is the happiness of the person or group for
whom they works.
India's rural community faces countless challenges to growth and survival
for a variety of reasons. To solve these challenges, many activists around
the nation have worked voluntarily and with great sincerity. Today, such
labour is transforming Indian society.
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Volunteer:
For self -selected soldiers, the word "volunteer" was formerly popular in
the US. The word "volunteer" was also used in 1930 to describe a person
who works independently and is not a military. Because the troops began
working for a paycheck later, the word "soldier" is removed. Workers
started to embrace the term "worker" for individuals who started providing
impromptu and free services. Later, when kids began working for the
community while still in school, they were referred to as "volunteers."
Features of volunteer :
1) To work with the idea of absolute service in mind.
2) Giving some time of your daily routine for society by
acknowledging the commitmen t towards society along with your
own family.
3) Voluntary work done as student e.g. National Service Scheme
(N.S.S.) , National Cadet Corps (N.C.C.)
4) Spontaneously giving some time out of your busy schedule for
service of your country.
5) Spending some time for the work of the village boards.
6) Spontaneous effort to pass on one's knowledge to others.

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5 The nature of volunteer work:
1) Environment: To make the citizens aware about the conservation of
the environment in your office and residential area. Convincing the
importance of forest conservation. To inform the citizens about the
idea of creating a garden.
2) Education: To strive for the education of the underprivileged and
girls, to start schools, to distribute educational materials, to arrange
education in rural areas .
3) Health: Awareness on health for citizens, free health care to the poor,
organizing health checkup camps.
4) Technology support for dissemination: At present, there is more
emphasis on the use of information technology at all levels. Experts in
this field can voluntarily guide this kind of knowledge for use in
various fields.
Check your progress:
1) Write the concept of volunteer work
2) Volunteer: Concept and definition.
Volunteer is a self -motivated person who does useful work for the society.
There is no obligat ion on this volunteer to work. This is a volunteer who
does not discriminate in any way. There is no discrimination in his mind
on the basis of religion, caste etc. The volunteer is immersed in his own
work and is thinking of the welfare of the society. Volunteer does not
think of any benefit in return for any work. His aim is to serve the society.
Such a volunteer is paid an honorarium in some cases for his livelihood.
He accepts this honorarium thinking that it should be his livelihood. In
this way, a per son who does social work without any expectation is called
as a volunteer.

In 1851, the Young Christian Association started functioning in some
states of the United States. In this work, many young people volunteered
and started doing various activities for the society. In this work, they had munotes.in

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6 immersed themselves. Over time, the work of Y. M. C. started in the
village of 'Nilokheri' in India. Numerous youths came forward to
volunteer in this work.
In India, especially during the saint period, the movement for social
change in the pre -independence period bears witness to the term
‘volunteer’. Many saints in the country spontaneously enlightened the
citizens to inculcate culture in the society. Volunteer workers voluntarily
dedicated their lives to the servic e of the community.
The concept of volunteer:
1) A person who donates time for various activities of the society. A
person whose knowledge is used to solve various problems of the
society. While performing this operation, the person acts voluntarily
without expecting any remuneration, this concept is called volunteer.
2) While living his personal and professional life the one who uses his
knowledge, time for various social activities and does not expect any
honorarium while doing such work is called as volunteer.
3) Assistance in preparing documents - Provide free guidance to some
organizations to prepare documents for various projects, to help
economically weaker institutions to sustain through this.
Check your progress:
1. Explain the concept of volunteer
1.3 VOLUN TARY ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS
VARIOUS TYPES
Voluntary organizations have a historical context in India. Voluntary
organizations are also called charitable organizations. The volunteer has to
face many problems when he is working on a personal level for societ y.
This creates many difficulties in the development work. Realizing this, the
organization formed by such activists who work more effectively in social
work is called as voluntary organizations.
Voluntary organizations are doing their work independently. They have
accepted autonomy. Voluntary organizations are also called non -
governmental organizations (N.G.O.). These organizations work in their
own procedure. The government has allowed them to make changes in the
procedure where necessary. But they also have some governmental
controls to make them work properly. This control creates some
difficulties for development.
In recent times, the term ‘Non Profit Sector’ has been used in development
and research work, because voluntary organizations are known as
organizations that serve the community. Therefore, they are not expected
to accept any payment for those services.
Voluntary organizations are also called non-political party formations. munotes.in

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7 Such organizations are non -political in nature. They are not related t o any
political issues or the principle of the voluntary sector is that they should
not be affiliated with any political party.
Voluntary work is to work for the community with a sense of service, to
try to make the community happy by solving the problems of the
problematic or troubled community.
The concept of Voluntary Organizations
1) A voluntary organization is an organization that works on people's
initiative under their control to help and protect the distressed or
helpless people.
2) A voluntary organizati on is an organization run by people who work
selflessly to help the underprivileged or make them self -reliant.
3) Prof. S. H. Deshpande: - “Volunteer Organization is an organization
which does not belong to government or semi -government sector,
purpose of whic h is not to make profit but to solve the issues of
general public, especially the extremely poor, the needy and the
backward classes and which is not subject to external regulations.”
4) Mr. Vasant Desai: -Voluntary organization is a broad concept that
these o rganizations may or may not be registered under the Charity
Act. These organizations or groups work for rural development
without any help from the government. It involves youth
organizations, women's groups, civic organizations, beneficiary
organizations, workers' organizations, trade unions, religious
organizations. These organizations are registered. Or else they are
working informally.
5) Lord Bevhriz :- “An organization in which workers work
independently, whether they receive a wage, salary or honorarium ,
depends on their will, and an organization formed by its own
members and is not controlled by anyone from outside is called
Volunteer Organization.”
Considering the above definitions, it is clear that Volunteer Organizations
are autonomous. It can make i ts own decisions, can work on their own. So
their development has gained momentum. . It is seen that the government
has taken help of voluntary organizations in various development works.
Check your progress:
1. Explain the concept of volunteer organizatio ns
Different types of voluntary organizations
1) Non Profit sector: Selfless service in social work is considered to
be the inspiration of Indian culture. Indian culture considers selfless
service to be service to God. In this context, many people in rural an d
urban areas try to serve the community on an individual level or by
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Non-profit organization is an organization that does social work without
expecting any benefit or without expecting any gain.
Disadvantaged groups are huge in numbers in rural and urban areas. This
class has no shelter. Not even getting enough food for two meals a day.
Naturally there is a lack of employment. Shelter is not enough. If so, the
premises are unclean. For such individuals, some peoples and
organizations try to make the lives happier without expecting any benefit.
For this, some social organizations or charitable trusts serves food at low
cost. People are charged for the actual cost of this food. There are some
social organizations that serves free food for example, Jain community
organizations, religious institutions with pilgrimages. Some business
owners also functions such acts.
Some social organizations do health care work. These institutions run
hospitals. Without expecting a profit from the general public, they
charges only the cost is incurred or provide health care to the poor with
financial help from religious charitable trust. In this way these
organizations work only with a social welfare feeling without expecting
any profit.
2) Non Gover nmental Organization (N.G.O.): Voluntary organizations
are also known as non-governmental organizations. Because these
organizations and activists are not part of the government system. These
institutions are different; they try to preserve their autonomy. The
government cannot interfere in any of their work. In recent times, the
government has been implementing its various programs through NGOs.
In Europe, there were humanitarian organizations working to spread
Christianity through the church. They were NG Os. The money needed by
them was being given through religious institutions.
NGOs work within the framework of government regulations. These
include organization registration, financial transactions, foreign financial
assistance, and grants. The former rol e of NGOs in India seems to be
changing.
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3) Community Development Institution: Voluntary organizations are
working extensively in the field of development in rural India. An
organization working in the field of rural community is called a social
developmen t institution. These organizations are working in villages,
taluka and districts. There are many issues like poverty, superstition,
agriculture, education, water, health, women's issues etc. in rural areas. To
address these various issues, voluntary organi zations are implementing
development programs with government agencies. The aim is to develop
the society and the rural areas.

For this, the government system has become insufficient. The system of
governance cannot reach to the people. Government cannot organize the
people properly too. For this, voluntary organizations have to work to
solve various problems. Government grants are also being made available
for this. Voluntary organizations are trying to implement programs on all
components of the develop ment process.
4) Non political party formation: The process of rural development
should be comprehensive. There is a general consensus that when
considering rural development, political parties need to abandon their
political role and pursue a non -party devel opment process, especially at
the village level. If party politics comes at the village level, the politics of
different parties hinders development. This is evident from the
development process till date.
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10 Prof. Rajni Kothari has described voluntary organ izations as a non -
political party organization. Voluntary organizations should not be
affiliated with a political party. In fact, even a person belonging to a
political party should not be in the organization, so the autonomy of the
organization remains u naffected. Otherwise, politicians impose restrictions
on these voluntary organizations for their own selfish ends.
Voluntary organizations are not affiliated with any political party or
organization. However, some voluntary organizations are loyal to certa in
political ideologies, communism, socialism, Gandhianism or Hinduism
People of this ideology have set up many voluntary organizations to
inculcate their ideology in the society.
Voluntary organizations should be neutral in politics. Voluntary
organizatio ns should involve all party leaders in their work while carrying
out development work. Party distinctions should not be made in the work
of voluntary organizations. It has been found that if such an idea is put
into practice, the peoples of all parties wil l cooperate in such works. Often
the monopoly of mean political leaders in the work of voluntary
organizations increases and the leaders do not involve the people of the
other party in the voluntary work, which has a very adverse effect on the
work of that organization.
The voluntary organizations should be non political party formation. Only
non-party voluntary organizations can make development work effective.
Check your progress:
1) Explain the different types of voluntary organizations
1.4 SUMMARY
In the w elfare system, all the responsibility for the welfare of the people
lies with the state and its various institutions. In the era of the new
economic policy, the state institutions have moved out of the welfare
landscape and out of the field, but there has been no vacuum created. The
welfare role of the state seems to have been taken over by non-
governmental or voluntary organizations. Although there are many
different and opposing views on the commitment, credibility,
comprehensiveness and quality of volun tary organizations, the role of
voluntary organizations is important in the implementation of welfare
programs.
1.5 TERMINOLOGY
1) Non Profit Sector (NPS): A Sector operating on ‘no profit no loss'
principle.
2) Non Political Party Formation (NPPF): A non -politi cal party
formation is an organization or group not affiliated with any political
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11 3) Community Development Organization (CDO): Community
development organizations are organizations working for the weak
and neglected sections of the society.
1.6 QUESTIO N SET
1) Explain the concept of volunteer work and the nature of
volunteer work.
2) Explain the concept of volunteer and discuss the qualities that a
volunteer needs.
3) Explain the concept of voluntary organizations and its different types.
1.7 INTRODUCTION
The vo lunteer sector is occupied by a variety of ideas and areas. There is
diversity in the work of organizations. Significant changes took place in
the post-independence period. Working groups of different ideologies are
working for human welfare based on the n ature of their ideology. Though
there are many thoughts and areas, the important idea behind this is to
finally solve the problems of the troubled human being and try to make
their life happier.
The majority of successful voluntary organizations or NGOs in India are
working in the field of rural development. The aim of Gandhiji's
constructive program was rural development. In the pre-independence
period, a number of Gandhian activists implemented many constructive
development activities in rural areas. This means that rural development is
the ideological and functional centre point of the development process in
India.
1.8 NATURE OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR
Volunteer work by accepting a commitment to different ideas -
Human society is inspired by various thoughts. This series of thought is
globally recognized. There is a theoretical composition that
suits these ideas. The philosophical composition of this stream of thought
is clear. Accordingly, human beings are proving their existence in human
society.
At the global level, volunteers were working with ideas like socialism,
Marxism, Gandhianism, missionary ideology, Hinduism, Ambedkarism,
transformational thought, madarsa and rebellious thoughts. In India,
volunteer work is done with all these ideas. Gandhian, socia list, Marxist,
Hinduism, and missionary ideologies are the major influences in the
voluntary movement. Activist from Gandhian, socialist, missionary, and
Hinduism thought mainly focus on constructive work. Occasionally
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Marxist, Ambedkarism and rebellious ideology activist insist that the
proposed system cannot be changed without struggle, and constantly take
to the streets to fight against injustice. As mentioned above, activists or
organizations particip ate in volunteer work with different ideas.
Volunteer work has specific boundaries:
If volunteer work is to be done on a legal basis, the jurisdiction of work
has to be determined. The groups or voluntary organizations that are set up
to do social work, fi rst determine their area of work at the meeting.
According to the Mumbai Public Trust Registration Act, 1950, the
jurisdiction of an organization may be village, taluka, district, state,
country. The concerned group spontaneously determines such area. The
jurisdiction can be changed once fixed, for that the constitution of the
organization has to be amended.
Some organizations are small in size and operate locally. Some
organizations have sufficient staff and financial support; these
organizations can opera te in many states or across the country.
The nature of volunteer work is threefold:
A) Constructive:
The constructive work seeks to solve the problems of the society through
public participation. This process involves changing the mindset by
studying the prob lems of the troubled citizens and further correcting them
after implementing and evaluating the actual program.
The various development programs of the government are implemented
more efficiently and the benefits of the program are made available to the
concerned beneficiaries.
B) Conflicting:
In the conflicting, voluntary organizations motivate the oppressed
community to conflict to solve the problem. The activists think that no
problem can be solved without conflict. They conflict with that vision
themselves .
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13 option at such times e.g. land acquisition for various projects does not
involve proper rehabilitation of citizens by the government. Sometimes
there is injustice and oppression on t he weaker sections of the society by
strong section of the society. Society has to put a conflict against the
adverse effects on the environment and human society caused by polluting
development projects. We have to put a conflict to solve many social
problems.
C) Court battle:
Often it is not possible to continue the conflict consistently. The
government tries to dehumanize the activists who put up a conflict for one
reason or another. False complaints against the activists are lodged in the
police station an d they have to constantly go round the court. So it has a
very adverse effect on the movement. Sometimes the movement is
deactivated.
With the help of the judicial process, the movement of conflict can be
made legally successful. Therefore, the government also has to play a
softening role, so struggle and court battle are two sides of the same coin.
Success is never achieved through conflict only; it also requires the
assistance of court battles. Conflicting work can often lead to mental
retardation of activists. Physical injury may also be inflicted on the
activists. All of this can lead to loss of movement. Many times the
movement ends. Activists become pollinators. The court battle is
important for these reasons.
Charitable work of some organizations
Some organizations work in the form of charities. The only expectation is
mental satisfaction. E.g. rehabilitation of orphans, adoption of sick persons
or groups, work for poverty alleviation, food serving etc. Due to this kind
of work, they are monitored in t he family and in the society. Voluntary
organizations work to give them proper life.
Some voluntary organizations provide health services. They run clinics,
hospitals for the needy at very low cost. Start old age homes for the
elderly.
Awareness and traini ng work
Awareness and training are needed for the change of society. Many
organizations are constantly doing this kind of work. These organizations
also put a conflict if needed. The training provides skills development to a
large number of underprivileged people so that they can improve their
financial status through employment and business. Awakening leads to
change in society, e.g. ‘Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti’ is
constantly educating the society about superstition in the society. Every
event that happens in nature has causality. Attempts are made to make the
society aware of this. This can destroy the superstitions that exist,
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Cooperation for implementation of Government Development
Programs with qual itative approach
The government is continuously implementing various forms of
development programs. These programs cannot reach the society in a
qualitative manner. They have many limitations. For this, government
started taking the help of voluntary organ izations from the Seventh Five
Year Plan. This provided an opportunity for the beneficiaries to benefit
greatly from the many programs for the poor. E.g. voluntary organizations
are cooperating well with the government for more dynamic
implementation of ‘Suvarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana’.
Check your progress:
1) Explain the nature of voluntary organizations
1.9 FEATURES OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR
Transformational institutions of the established people:
Most established persons make up voluntary groups. The re are therefore
not many transformative organisations. Established institutions provide
services for people with disabilities, education, and charity. Most of these
groups are funded by government grants or by foreign donations. Such a
facility cannot be anticipated to contribute to social awakening or
transformation. An energetic and ambitious group of activists make up a
transformational volunteer organisation. Their efforts are directed toward
agitation, public awareness, or public education. Their prim ary objectives
are social revolution and enlightenment. They focus on the subscriptions
they collect through persuading individuals of the value of their work
rather than dealing with government funds or international help. The aim
is to bring about change by challenging the established political interests
through the actual action of the people's movement.
Limited Scope:
There are many voluntary organizations working in a neglected and
exploited society. Many of these voluntary organizations focus on a
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15 Leadership:
The leadership of voluntary organizations appears to be mostly outside the
locality. Leaders from urban areas are more experienced than local
leaders. This experience is beneficial when dealing with adversity. This
leadership is not suppressed in the struggle of the established and
organized system with the government and these qualities have a great
impact on the minds of the people. Most of the key players who influence
the decision making proc ess of the organization are from outside. They
have the power to attract people and they have a huge advantage of it in
organizing people.
Working methods:
Some people get more liberty in the working methods of voluntary
organizations. They get more credit into the success. Once the division of
success takes place; the division of labor, the senior -junior relationship,
the more convenience for the seniors, happens automatically. This
division, changes are opposed by some people in the organization. But that
opposition is with the group that creates a monopoly in the organization
and that opposition does not bring about much change in the working
methods of the organization. But in the case of activists, there is bitterness
in their relations. Opponents gradu ally begin to distance themselves from
the organization. And it is very convenient for those who have gained
control of the organization. From time to time in the organization, senior -
junior relations are formed between many workers. There is an impressio n
that there is not only a senior -junior relationship but also a master -servant
relationship between the workers who control the organization and the
new workers.
Public participation:
You shall work with people when starting social work. Local leadership
will emerge from the process of the conflict for change and carry on the
fight for change. Such optimism is in the mind. It is through this process
that local leadership emerges. There are several stages from the decision -
making process to undertaking a ta sk to the execution of that task and the
completion of the task.
People must be trusted at every stage. Voluntary organizations believe that
with their active participation, work can be completed very quickly.
Very little availability of an ambitious worke r:
The hierarchical traditional allegiance to religion and the caste system and
the resulting narrow -mindedness have made it difficult to find activists
with a purely humanitarian outlook. Transformation and ideas are also
considered on the basis of racist and religious role. The personality formed
as a result of racist, religious mentality and unbalanced capital
development affects the loyalty of the workers. As a result, the work of
voluntary organizations that think of transformational change and
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16 Diagram of fund raising:
Just as there is diversity in the work of voluntary organization; similarly
the sources of their fundraising are also diverse. As the organization's
work grows, organizations may need more funding. To meet the need for
more funding, there are two options: raising funds from the people we
work for and getting funding from local and foreign organizations. Since
raising funds from the masses is difficult, the majority of organizations
choose to s eek government grants or funding from foreign organizations.
Domestic and foreign organizations that fund public awareness work
operate in India. The common feature of all voluntary organizations is that
the funds available to them are insufficient. Probab ly a factor as to why
they're doing so poorly. The details of receipts and expenditure of
voluntary organizations have to be submitted to the government.
Autonomy:
NGOs are autonomous in certain areas, such as selection of area of work,
procedures and impl ementation. But this does not mean that there are no
restrictions on them or they are not regulated in any way. There are also
registration laws, laws and rules pertaining to trusts and charities act for
service -oriented organizations. Their observance is binding on these
organizations. However, apart from these formalities, NGOs are free to
decide on financial, administrative autonomy and working methods as
they wish.
Flexibility:
Flexibility is the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
Circumstances are always changing. These organizations can make
changes in the planning and implementation of the program according to
the changing circumstances. They can increase the efficiency and
usefulness of your program.
E.g. the question of drinking water suppl y is a matter of meeting local
needs. According to the original plan, hand pumps were to be installed in
the central part of the village. The work of a large dam at nearby is
completed so it is possible to supply water from house to house through
tap to th e entire village. In such a case, the NGO immediately cancels the
scheme of installing hand pump and takes up the scheme of providing tap
connections; this is what we call flexibility. If NGOs can bring such
flexibility in their policies, rural development works will be completed
quickly and effectively.
Commitment to ideals and objectives:
NGOs try to maintain their independent existence. Each organization has
its own set of ideals and objectives. These ideals and objectives are the
true strength of NGOs. In general, their ideals and objectives are
consistent with the national ideals and objectives. The order of objectives
is also according to the national order. In the context of rural development,
programs like unemployment and poverty alleviation are o f course at
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17 The rough issues are mentioned here. There are endless problems and it is
very important to solve all of them. The resources available for this
should also be limitless, but in a developing country like India it is limited.
So develop ment objectives have to be set first and then they have to be
sorted according to their importance. Higher objectives are achieved with
limited resources. As the resources become available, the lower ranking
objectives are achieved. They can also sort the problems as above.
Development issues cannot be solved at the same time due to limited
resources; this is true in the case of both government and non -government
organizations. Once NGOs have set objectives for their target group, they
consider it as their commitment to accomplish them.
Economics:
The nature of the work and the geographical area are small in the early
days of the NGO; similarly, financial needs are also low. As the work of
the organization grows, more and more funds are needed. Some
organiza tions raise funds through membership, service expenses fees,
public fundraising, donations from industrialists and businessmen, central
or state government grants, and donations from foreign philanthropists and
organizations. Domestic and foreign funding a gencies are operating in
India. These organizations have their own goals, policies and working
methods. These organizations fund a time -bound program, a variety of
projects. The main task of the organization was to get such projects.
Voluntary participatio n of the people:
Another feature of NGOs is that they insist that the people for whom
development programs are to be implemented should be actively involved
in the implementation. They do not carry out any development work like
government programs by impos ing it on the beneficiaries and assuming
their participation. They convince people from the decision - making
process to the completion of a task. NGOs believe that things get better if
people get voluntary participation. NGOs act on this belief. So any type of
event can get more response from people.
Check your progress:
1) Discuss the various features of voluntary organizations.
1.10 SUMMARY
In the past, many charitable organizations have embraced religious
orientation and focused on action programs on edu cation, health and social
reform in an informal environment. The members of these organizations
would respectfully provide free services to the beneficiaries. Now these
organizations have adopted a nationalist group approach in a formal
environment. The goal of social and economic development of the victims
has been adopted by recent voluntary organizations through trained staff
with full-time and full-time formal education. Service -oriented
organizations working for the people raise their funds through the people.
Many organizations accept help from these governmental and international
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18 In the 1970s, a number of NGOs were set up to implement various
development projects under the Integrated Rural Development Program.
Through non-governmental organizations, educated youth have started
organizing people from rural and tribal areas. There are many such NGOs
working in the field of social welfare, watershed development, rural
development, health, education.
1.11 EXERCISE
1) Explain the nature of volun tary organizations.
2) Explain the various features of voluntary organizations.
1.12 REFERENCE
1. Pansare Ramesh, Sevsbhsvi Sanghatanaaani Gramin Vikas,
Marathi Arthashatra Parishad.
2. Desai Vasant, Rural Development, 1K3, Mumbai, Himalaya
Publishing House
3. Prajakt a Tankasale, Integrated Social Work, K Sagar Prakashan.
4. Bharati Shaha, Introduction to Social Work.
5. Nilprabha Lakkavar, Samajkaryachi Ruparesha.
6. Tukaram Jadhav, Manavi Hakk, Quince Prakashan.
7. Mishra S. K. Puri, V. K. Indian Economy - Its Development
Experi ence, Mumbai, H. P. House.
8. Kumar Hajira, Theories Social Work Practices, Delhi - Baroda
Friends Publications 1995.

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19
2
EMERGENCE OF VOLUNTARY
SECTOR
Unit Structure :
2.0 Objectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Emergence and Development of Oluntary Sector in India
2.3 Origin and Development of Voluntary Sector in Maharashtra State
2.4 Summary
2.5 Exercise
2.6 Introduction
2.7 Concept of Voluntary Organization
2.8 Concept of Rural Development
2.9 Role of Voluntary Organizations
2.10 Significance of Voluntary Organization
2.11 Summary
2.12 Question SET
2.13 Principles of Management Of Voluntary S ector
2.14 Meaning of Management
2.15 Nature of Management
2.16 Principles of Management
2.17 Importance of Management
2.18 Summary
2.19 Questions
2.20 Reference

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20 2.0 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study of ‘Voluntary Organizations, Origi n and
Development’ are as follows
1. To understand the concept of Voluntary Organization and Rural
Development
2. To get the information about emergence of Voluntary Organizations
3. To review the work of Voluntary Organizations working in
various parts of Maharash tra
4. To collect the information about the role of Voluntary Organizations
in rural development
5. To understand the principles of Management of Voluntary
Organizations
2.1 INTRODUCTION
There were many attacks on India. Many small states were changed by
this i nvasion. In spite of many religions in India, social service continued
in the society. Indian society was bound by Indian culture, religion,
tradition. Though Indian society was divided into castes and classes, the
feeling of oneness, mutual love, compleme ntarities and coexistence was
strong. From the Hadappa culture to the Mughal Empire, social service
existed in the society. The seeds of social welfare are in the religious
service and traditional service of the Indian society.
Saints appear to have served and enlightened the community before the
nineteenth century. Saints like Ramdas, Tukaram, Eknath, Sawta Mali,
Dnyaneshwar taught the society the way of life by studying human nature.
Movements to reform society arose in the nineteenth century. This was
done with the aim of meeting the changing needs of the society. Various
movements contributed to change the situation in the society, to protect
the exploited and neglected people in the society, to remove various
norms and traditions and to develop the society. This led to the spread
of education, consent to widow marriages, prevention of child marriage
and the practice of sati, progress of dalits.
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21 Many voluntary organizations were formed in India. These organizations
strive to meet the needs of the comm unity. Various philanthropic
individuals and organizations have done a great job in this.
India has a bright tradition of social service. Along with social service,
charity has always been given special importance. Charity will lead to a
better life in the next life. This religious sentiment was also passed on to
the society. Therefore, there is peace and order in the society.
In Hinduism in India, a donor was considered superior. This feeling is
found in all religions. Among the donations, three donations were
considered as Vidyadan, Abhayadan and Dhandan. Hospices, temples
were the main institutions doing all this work. Giving alms to beggars,
food for the hungry and shelter for the homeless were the forms of social
work in those days. The kings and landlo rds of the country were
responsible for social work. Many kings were involved in building
temples, building roads, building lakes, digging wells, and building
hospices. Apart from that, there were family organizations, caste
organizations, gram panchayati doing social work.
Buddhism was also a big religion in ancient times. According to this
religion, the emphasis was on personal help. Buddhist monks used to do
social work through the monastery.
According to the Muslim religion, helping the helpless and poo r was
considered a fundamental part of the religion. The social work of this
period took place in the field of propagation of religion and education.
In Parsi religion, social work was done in the form of building hospices,
lakes, wells, and providing educ ation to the poor.
Even in Christianity, social work was done on the basis of these two
sentiments, compassion and religion.
In ancient times, social work was based on charity. But the needs of the
needy are being considered in modern day social work.
2.2 1. EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF
OLUNTARY SECTOR IN INDIA
The work of voluntary organizations in India has a definite history. All the
religions of the country considered the service of a person in difficulty as
the service of God. In the philosophy of Hind uism, social work was
considered a divine work.
The country seems to have started social work in both personal and public
forms. In West Bengal, Rajaram Mohan Roy made a special effort to
eradicate the practice of sati, resulting in 1829, the British gover nment
passed the Prevention of Sati Act. Ishwarchand Vidyasagar started a
women's education movement by promoting widow remarriage and
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22

During the British rule, a movement was started to get the villages out of
their predicam ent. Economic hardship led to poverty and economic
inequality in the village. Thus Christian missionaries in the country
introduced education to reduce inequality and establish equality. Some
people in India went to England and America for further educatio n.
Seeing the equality there, the idea was created that such a form of equality
should be created in our country.
Professional social work in India began in the 19th century. In Mumbai,
the Social Service League started short -term training classes in socia l
work. Quifford Marshall came to India in 1925. He felt that social work in
India should take a classical form.In1936, Quifford Marshall founded the
School of Social Work at Nagpada. After that, schools for professional
social work were started in Delhi, Calcutta, Herno, Varanasi, Baroda,
Agra and Adalapur.
After independence, the Constitution of India adopted the concept of
social welfare and the Central and State Governments formed Social
Welfare Boards at the state level.
The nature of social work in In dia during the pre -independence and post-
independence period is as follows.
Gandhi’s Rural Reconstruction Program:
Gandhiji started this program in 1938 at Sevagram Ashram in Wardha.
This was Gandhiji's 18 point program. These included Khadi, Rural
Industr y Reform, Basic Education, Adult Education, Rural Hygiene,
Abolition of Untouchability, Reform of Backward Classes, Women's
Welfare, Sanitation at public places, Alcohol ban, promotion of Mother
Tongue and Economic Equality.
Gandhiji's program of construct ive development was based on the
economic development of rural areas through the development of various
human sectors. The basic philosophy of Gandhiji's program was the
welfare of all. Gandhiji had named it as ‘Sarvodaya’. The term
‘Sarvodaya’ means the rise of all and especially the last element in
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23

Gandhiji was of the view that industries should be shifted to rural areas.
Industries should be set up in seven lakh villages of the country. Gandhiji
promotes industries that employ rural areas. Gandhiji emphasized on
starting artisan industries as well as spinning and weaving industries in
rural areas. Rural industries can provide full employment to the rural
population of India. Gandhiji considered this an important part of the
inspiration for his constructive work. This was Gandhiji's ambitious
program to improve living standards in rural areas.
Gandhiji's program of rural reconstruction was based on the principles of
truth and non -violence. Gandhiji had expressed the feeling that the
government sh ould undertake such a program. The government should
make efforts for the development of khadi and gramodyog. If this
happens, the villages will become self -sufficient. Mahatma Gandhi also
felt that Panchayati Raj and government system should be developed for
this.
Mahatma Gandhi did not stop at the idea of rural development. He tried to
act thoughtfully. In 1937, Gandhiji came up with an important idea,
which is 'Muludyog Shikshanacha Prayog'. This experiment is also called
Navi Talim, Juniadi Talim.
Gandh iji's basic ideas of rural development are clear from this concept.
Muktadhama education should be done in open primary school only. At
this age one should teach a business so that his business mind -set is
formed. Even if he does not want to learn further, he can start his own
business and live a self-sufficient life. Provide knowledge along with
demonstrations of existing occupations to children in rural areas. If the
child wants to learn further, he can take further education.
In this way skills will come to hand and teaching of skills at primary level
will lead to the development of professional attitude in children. Self -
reliance is possible only through this. This education was also called life
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24

Unfortunately, as far as Ind ian education experts are concerned, Gandhiji's
ideas were ridiculed. It will not be possible to put Gandhiji's thoughts into
action. By expressing views in this way, the book education system
introduced in the country by the English Governor Macole during the
period of independence was started in the country. Gandhiji's thoughts
were ignored. Today's students are suffering the consequences of this.
In 1966, the Central Government had appointed ‘Education Commission’
under the chairmanship of Justice Kothar i. The Education Commission
had strongly suggested that education should be based on practical work
experience. With this we realize how important Mahatma Gandhi's
thoughts are.
Gurudev Ravindranath Tagore's Shri Niketan Project
In 1927, Shri Niketan was e stablished in the Surat village at a distance of
20 miles from Shanti Niketan. Ravindranath arranged to impart knowledge
of agriculture and agricultural supplement business through Shri Niketan.
He tried to create a rural co-operative health institution.

According to Rabindranath, there were three problems in the development
process: monkeys, humans and malaria. These three create difficulties in
the lives of the farmers. Many things were ruined by monkeys. There were
deaths from malaria. Humans often mis trust each other. Our factionalism
hinders each other's development.
Thus agricultural reform was given priority in Shri Niketan. It also started
animal husbandry, dairy business, poultry farming and handicraft business
as a supplementary business. Thus it was Rabindranath's ambitious project
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25 He started community development programs for eight villages. But lack
of adequate market availability, lack of professional guidance, lack of
coordinatio n in the implementation mechanism and lack of proper benefits
to the staff limited the project.

Shri Niketan's project also aims to empower rural citizens, empower rural
culture, make them aware of their existence, preserve the culture of the
country, an d make proper use of modern resources to uplift the physical,
intellectual and economic strength of the people in rural areas. Although
the project was not successful enough, it was an important project in terms
of rural reconstruction.
Martandan Project (1922):
This was an ambitious poverty alleviation project undertaken by the
Young India Christian Association at Shravanakor Kochit Sansthan. Dr.
Spencer Hatch and his wife Ramibe, who have experience in rural
development in the United States, were instrume ntal in this development
project.
A group of 40 undeveloped villages in the area of three miles in
Martandam of Shravanakor Kochit Sansthan was selected for the project.
Poverty was huge in the area. Agricultural land was not very fertile in
terms of culti vation. In such a situation, if the people were enlightened
and rural development experiments were presented, the chances of
people's participation were higher.
The population of this three mile area was 45,000. Of these, 30,000 were
Hindus, 10,000 were Christians and the rest were from other religions.
Only one person in seven was illiterate.
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26 There were 36 primary schools in the area and 186 teachers were teaching
about a thousand students. Education was not free, so it was not possible
for the poor to get an education.
In such a situation, the organization first tried to create trained workers to
improve the condition of the citizens in the area. Principles of the project
were determined. A five-point development program of physical,
intellectual, spiritual, economic and social nature was created, and
began the actual work
Through public participation, self -reliance and technical means, using the
tools available to the people, the project was a success at the Shravanakor
Kochit Sansthan with a comprehen sive, spiritual meeting that supported all
inclusive and weak elements.
The workers working on this project were working with simple living and
subsistence wages. The activists sincerely tried to make this project a
success. The centerpiece of the project was engraved by Reader Digest
magazine as Seven Dollars University.
Gurgaon Experiment:
In 1927, the experiment was started by F. L. Bryan, Joint Commissioner,
Gurgaon District, Punjab. The main objective of the program was to
achieve the goal of rapid soc ial development through agricultural reform,
education, health, sanitation facilities, and cooperation. Through this
ambitious endeavour, the universal movement for the eradication of
poverty was undertaken by F. L. Bryan through this project. He tried to
give superiority to the workers through these projects. Emphasis was
placed on prioritizing public awareness to create self- reliance. Film, short
plays are used in various villages. Village Guides were appointed in each
village. Through these village guid es, an attempt was made to convey new
concepts of development to the villagers.
Citizens are not properly participating in this program. The main reason
for this was the gap between the Ahire and Nahire classes.
Experiment of Rural Reconstruction; Baroda:
In 1932, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad started this experiment in his
Baroda Sansthan. Sayajirao Gaikwad was a king who encouraged progress
and the idea that illiteracy in society should be eradicated. The basic
objective of this program is to create the powe r to improve the living
standards of the citizens and to create self -reliance, self -empowerment in
them. The following elements were included in the program;
1) Improvement of transportation
2) Digging wells for drinking water
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27 5) Distribution of improved seeds
6) Training of Home Industries
7) Establishment of Panchayat Raj and co-operative societies in
every village
8) To develop rural schools, to impart agricultural education in
schools to uplift the living standards o f the citizens

The program received full legal and financial support from the
government. This ambitious project of Baroda Sansthan for rural
development is known as Kosamba. This project was very successful due
to the attention of Maharaja Sayajirao hi mself.
‘Firka Vikas Prakalp’ (1956) State of Madras:
In 1946, the Congress Party came to power under the leadership of
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. The Rajagopalachari Cabinet presented the
'Firka Vikas Prakalp' experiment of rural development. In this exp eriment,
a group or a circle of 8 to 10 villages was formed. A Gram Sevak (VLW)
was appointed for this circle. A development group of 8 to 10 village
circle was formed. Thus it was a community development project based on
public participation. Public parti cipation was achieved by enlightening the
people. An attempt was made to implement a ‘Firka Vikas Prakalp’ with
the participation of local activists. A group of activists was formed. Public
participation by activists will get better. The next replica of th is ‘Firka
Vikas Prakalp’ is the Panchayat Raj
Later in 1953 -54, this program was included in the community
development program.
Post-Independence Rural Development Experiments:
1) IYWA Demonstration Project State of Uttar Pradesh (1948):
In 1937, the Congr ess cabinet headed by Govind Vallabh Pant had come
to power in U.P. The Board established an independent Rural
Development Department for the purpose of planning and implementation
of rural development schemes.
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28 After World War II, Mr. Albert Meyer, Secreta ry of Department of Rural
Development from Congress Party, was given the responsibility of
drawing up a detailed program for rural development.
Mr. Meyer examined an earlier rural development experiment.
Attempts were made to link rural development with useful programs.
Mutual participation of rural people, government agencies, rural
cooperation and service -oriented organizations requires for rural
development. The state and central governments had suggested that a
program should be prepared for the state of Uttar Pradesh by evaluating
the schemes in this manner.
The project was an ambitious one in Iywa district of Uttar Pradesh.
The project was started in 1948 in 64 surrounding villages.

The participation of rural people is essential for rural development in this
project; this principle was accepted. Creating the will of the people, the
cooperation of the villagers was meant in the form of financial and labour.
Rural development was considered an important part in determining this
program. In this,
1) Rural development should be a movement of the people, for the
people and by the people. And it is part of the administrative system.
2) Programs should be planned keeping in mind the suggestions of
the people as per their needs.
3) To bring about progressive change in rural areas.
The IYWA pilot project is a prelude to the post -independence rural
development program. The US government had agreed to provide
financial and technical assistance for the project.
Albert Meyer set some criteria when testing the program.
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29 3) State government participation
4) Local needs and leadership priorities
5) Comprehensive plan for rural development
6) Strong efforts to achieve the objectives
7) Along with the people, th e participation of every organization
and association in the rural areas is also required
Thus a separate mechanism for the project was determined at the state
level. The project was a great success. There were limitations in some
cases. But as an experim ent, this project is very important for rural
development
2) S. K. Day’s Mazdoor Manzil Project (Nilokheri Experiment):
India and Pakistan were formed when India became independent. The
country was divided. The Sindhi community came to India as a large
number of people were displaced from pre -partition Pakistan. The number
of these citizens was around one crore.
The citizens had settled in the vicinity of Mazdoor Manzil village, 10
miles from Delhi. These civilian camps were set up. Rather than crippling
them financially, S. K. Day's main responsibility was to make them self -
reliant by giving them the full range of professional qualities they had.
S. K. Day surveyed the elected congregation. The survey concluded that
these citizens had some professional skills. Deciding to strive for training
and business growth based on these skills, S.K. Day and his colleagues
created the project. Successfully tried to make displaced self-sufficient.
This project was a great success. In today's situation, Sindhi displaced
cong regations are at the forefront of business development. Its origins lie
in the ‘Mazdoor Manzil’ project.
Attempts were made to reduce the limits of the Nilokheri project to a
community development project. This project should give direction to
the basic es tablishment of rural development, which is the right of the
local self -government of the agro -industry, to show that development tools
are possible in the rural areas through agro -industry. In the first five year
plan based on this project, 52 community pr ojects were implemented. The
Nilokheri project was a symbol of progress. The project had an
independent approach. The complementary business was started
according to this procedure. They had to suffer a bit on a competitive
level. But Nilokheri was an impo rtant training centre for Panchayat Raj
and rural development work.
3) Bhudan movement of Acharya Vinoba Bhave:
Acharya Vinoba was the first to introduce Bhudan movement in the
country. This was an important movement for the poor landless people of
the countr y. In today's situation, man has started thinking of self- reliance. munotes.in

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30 Bhudan's thought made man think of the problems of the person in front of
him. Bhudan means distribution of land. Those who have more land
should give some of their land to those who do not have land. Through
this, an attempt was made to solve the economic problems of the rural
areas.

In 1951, Vinoba Bhave started the ‘Bhudan Yadnya’ movement from
Telangana district in Hyderabad. Vinoba's concept was to solve land issues
through humani ty and peace. Vinoba wanted to create the right kind of
environment for the land reform movement
Vinoba Bhave changed the minds of a large number of landlords through
this. Vinoba acquired millions of hectares of land from this. After
him, however, the mov ement did not take the right shape. The land
acquired in Bhudan was not properly distributed.
Vinoba Bhave introduced the concept of Gramdana and creation of the
ideal village. There are 28 Gramdani villages in Maharashtra. The land in
the Gramdani village s belongs to the entire village. Vinoba Bhave's
concept of a Gramdani village was important. But the government did not
pay proper attention to this concept.
Thus, even if Vinoba's movement through the Bhudan agitation fails, there
is no denying that innum erable landless people got lands from this
movement.
Check your progress :
2) Write about how voluntary organizations originated.
3) Explain how voluntary organizations in India have developed.
2.3 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTARY
SECTOR IN MAHARASHTRA STATE
The spread of Western education in the state of Maharashtra in the 19th
century gave impetus to the social movement. The congregation in
Mumbai & Pune took Western education. The subject of Western
education aroused resentment in the minds of the social reformers who
had taken social education.
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31 was made to criticise the bad tendencies or inequalities in the society from
the saint era. Saints did their best to eradicate this inequalit y. Saints like
Dnyaneshwar, Eknath, Chakradhar, Tukaram etc. took the lead in this.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj tried to legislate against this inequality in his
empire. He tried to involve people from all walks of life in his rule.
In the 19th century, du e to the complexities of religious norms and
traditions, efforts were made to bring political justice to all the common
dalits and victims. There was an attempt to criticise the conservatives.
Acharya Balshastri Jambhekar (1846 to 1890):
He tried to critic ise the practice of sati and the killing of young girls in his
‘Darpan’ newspaper
Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823 - 1892):
Through him, he ideologically attacked on the orthodox Brahmins.
Jotirao Govind Phule and Mahatma Phule (1827 to 1890):
He fought against c asteism. In 1848, in a precision city like Pune, he
started a school for ordinary class girls in Gopya's palace. He taught
Savitribai himself to teach girls and made her school teacher. This gave an
opportunity of education not only to the masses but to th e girls of all
communities. Mahatma Phule and Savitribai tried to educate child
widows by establishing ‘child widows' homes’ (Bal Vidhava Gruh).
Due to these efforts of Mahatma Phule, a large number of women are
stepping forward today by taking education. In all areas, the women's
group is on a par with the men's. Mahatma Phule led a truth -seeking
society.
Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1837 to 1925) and Justice Mahadev
Govind Ranade (1842 to 1901):
These two sought to bring about social and economic reform by
establishing a prayer society.
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856 to 1895):
He mainly worked for the social transformation of all societies.
Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858 to 1962):
He dedicated his life for the education of women. He founded the
‘Nathiibai Thackarsee Women's University’ to provide higher education to
women. Today, many women have the opportunity to become self -reliant
through vocational education.
Behramji Malwari (1853 to 1912):
He established ‘SevaSadan Society’ in Mumbai for the rehabili tation of
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32 Pandita Ramabai (1858 to 1922):
She established ‘Sharda Sadan’ in 1890 for the rehabilitation of high caste
widows. This helped the widows in the community to live with dignity.
Vitthal Ramji Shin de (1873 to1944):
Founded the Depressed Class Mission and fought against untouchability
in the society. The untouchables should get social and economic equality.
For this, social awareness was started. He tried to awaken the man in them
by creating awarene ss amongst the untouchables.
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil:
He dedicated his entire life for the education of the deprived. He
facilitated education for the people of Maharashtra and the children of the
peasant poor. For this, Rayat Shikshan Sanstha was establis hed. He
believed that Social, economic inequality can be eliminated through
education.
He started the 'Earn and Learn' scheme to provide financial support to poor
children. Now it is named as one of the leading educational institutions in
Asia. By Karmavee r Bhaurao Patil’s inspiration, thousands of children
from the Bahujan Samaj have ended their poverty today by getting higher
education and getting higher jobs.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (1892 to 1956):
Babasaheb Ambedkar dedicated his entire work for the upli ftment of the
Dalit community. He gave the basic mantra of development in the Dalit
community; ‘learn, unite and struggle’.
He raised a social struggle for the abolition of untouchability. He tried to
awaken the untouchables through Satyagraha like Satyagr aha of Chavdar
Lake, Satyagraha of Kalaram Temple, burning of Manusmriti.
He introduced the ‘Hindu Code Bill’ when he was the Law Minister in
the first cabinet of independent India to ensure that women get social
justice and their legal right to life. He w rote the Constitution of
Independent India. The constitution gave every human being in the
country the right to be granted socio -economic, political freedom and
fraternity. He insisted that, the untouchables did not want alms; they
wanted their rights and that too legally.
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33

He tried very hard to get rid of untouchability in Hinduism. Realizing that
there was no sign of abolition of untouchability, he renounced Hinduism
in 1956 and was initiated into Buddhism of Gautam Buddha along with
millions of his followers. He provided an opportunity to the Dalits of the
country to live as human beings.
The inclusion of Article 17 of the Indian Constitution made it an offense
to practice untouchability under this section. Many clauses of social and
economic equality were included in the Constitution.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj:
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj started a separate hostel for the children of all
communities in his Kolhapur state and provided education to the children
of the backward classes and other weaker sections.
In 1901, special reservation was made in jobs for the backward classes.
This gave an opportunity to the backward classes to work at higher
positions.
Appasaheb Patwardhan (1864 to 1977):
Konkan Gandhi Pu. Appasaheb Patwardhan started the 'Bhangimukti'
movement all over the country. His policy was to free the ‘Bhangi’
community from dirty work.
“Brahmin Bhangi Bhai Bhai,
Apni Apni Karo Safai,
Brahmin Bhangi Prabhu Santan,
Safai Pooja Ek Saman”.
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34 He appealed to the society to do their own cleaning throug h this poem.
In 1953, the first experiment of improved Gopuri toilet, Soan toilet,
Mharo Khet Mutari, and garbage gas was successfully carried out in
Maharashtra to alleviate the suffering of the Bhangi community due to
Yepli's toilet.
In order to allevi ate the untouchability of Backward Classes caused by
finding dead animals, Appasaheb Patvardhan began skinning dead animal
himself.
In 1944, Gopuri Ashram was established in Wagade village in Kankavali
and he started Gram udyog, agriculture and Goshala act ivities and tried to
give a different direction for the development of rural areas.
Baba Amte, Raosaheb Patwardhan, Govindrao Shinde:
These social activists set up leprosy eradication work in Maharashtra.
They tried to make human life available to leprosy patients in
Maharashtra.
This is the legacy of Maharashtra's volunteer work that continues today.
Today, numerous activists are involved in social work in various fields of
rural development. Activists from Maharashtra are participating in it in
both const ructive and conflicting forms.
Mrs. Medha Patkar, Anna Hazare, Dr. Bharat Patankar, Jaywant Mayekar,
Alka Mahajan, Advocate Surekha Dalvi, late. Vilasrao Sanlukhe, Jawahar
Gandhi, Vijay Borade, Dwarkadas Lohia, Dr. Anand Keni, Dr. Stugan
Danth, Vilas and P rakash Amte, Dr. Abhay Banga and Dr. Rani Banga,
Mohan Hirabai Hiralal, Vishnu Prabhudesai, G. G. Parikh, Bhau Narkar,
Shanta Warkar, RajanIndurkar, MLA Vivek Pandit are some of the names
that can be mentioned.
2.4 SUMMARY
Most of the various experiments on rural development that were put
forward in the pre -independence period were very successful because of
the activists who dedicated themselves, sincere leaders, commitment to
certain principles was an important part of that experiment.
In the post -indepen dence period, after some of these projects were started
to be organized by the government, these projects came into the hands of
the government officials. The authorities changed the original pattern of
these projects. This changed the existence of some pre- independence rural
development projects.
Much of the positive experience of above projects has been instrumental
in determining the direction of post-independence rural development. This
marked the beginning of the Community Development Program during t he
first Five Year Plan. Efforts were made to move the process of rural
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35 2.5 EXERCISE
1) Explain how voluntary organizations originated.
2) Explain how voluntary organizations in India have developed.
3) Write the origins and development of voluntary organizations in
the context of Maharashtra
2.6 INTRODUCTION
After independence, the responsibility for the development of the country
fell on the government. However, the system of governance did not
succeed as it should. This shows that the respon sibility for further
development has been accepted by the Voluntary Organization. Along
with the government, Voluntary Organization is also heavily involved in
the development process.
Formerly, the poor and needy, the disabled and the weak were taken care
of in a joint family. As time goes on the family became more and more
divided. And a separate/nuclear family system came into existence. In the
process it became difficult to take care of the needy. Industrialization and
urbanization have also changed the format of the overall social security
system. Inefficiency and instability were created in the overall
environment of individuals, families and groups. To solve many such
problems the society needed to set up welfare institutions. This led to the
need for a scientific approach to solving these problems and Volunteer
Organizations emerged on the basis of scientific methods.
In recent years, the number of Voluntary Organization has increased
significantly for specific purposes in various fields in Maharashtr a and
India. These organizations include organizations working in the field e.g.
Women's issues, eradication of superstition, illiteracy, human rights,
health etc. It is possible for Voluntary Organizations to create the
necessary public opinion, create an environment and create public
awareness by filling in the gaps in the development of rural areas.
Considering the Voluntary Organizations in India, the role of Voluntary
Organizations in the past and today has changed drastically. Many
changes have taken place in the scope and functioning of Voluntary
Organizations. Voluntary Organizations have been instrumental in solving
many problems in rural areas. The importance of Voluntary Organizations
in terms of rural development is increasing day by day.
Therefo re in this chapter the scope of Volunteer Organizations, the role of
Voluntary Organizations in rural development and the importance of
Voluntary Organizations in rural development has been highlighted.


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36 2.7 CONCEPT OF VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION
The concept of Voluntary Organization is related to spontaneous work and
activists. Voluntary Organization are also known as NGOs (Non
Governmental Organization).
Voluntary Organizations are called as Community Development
Organization as well as Non Political Party Formation.
In general, a charitable or Voluntary Organization is an organization that
works on the initiative of the people and is under the control of the people
for the purpose of protecting the distressed or helpless people. Voluntary
Organizations have been defined by many scholars and thinkers.
1) Prof. S. H. Deshpande: -“Voluntary Organization is an organization
which does not belong to government or semi -government sector,
purpose of which is not to make profit but to solve the issues
of general public, especially the extremely poor, the needy and the
backward classes and which is not subject to external regulations.”
2) Lord Bevhriz: - “An organization in which workers work
independently, whether they receive a wage, salary or honorarium,
depends on their wil l, and an organization formed by its own
members and is not controlled by anyone from outside is called
Voluntary Organization.”
3) “A Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is a citizen based
association that operates independently of government, usually to
deliver resources or serve some social or political purpose.
Considering the above definitions, it is clear that Voluntary Organizations
are autonomous. It can make its own decisions, can work on their own. So
their development has gained momentum.
Check your progress:
3) Explain the definitions of Voluntary Organizations
2.8 CONCEPT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
India is a country of villages. Even today there are more than 6 lakh
villages in India that is why even today India is described as a rural
country. India's economy still depends upon rural economy. That is why
India's development is reflected in rural development.
The definition of ‘Rural Development’ includes two concepts, ‘Rural’ and
‘Development’. Rural development has been defined by many thinkers
and scholars. The following are the definitions of ‘Rural Development’.
1) Mr. Robert Macnamara: - “Rural Development means to achieve
overall development of rural areas by emphasizing the development
of weaker sections of rural areas that are small farmers, landless
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37 2) Dr. Swaminathan: - Rural development is the process of empowering
the weaker sections in rural areas.
This means that rural development is a process of developing the weaker
sections in rural areas.
2.9 ROLE OF VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
The development of rural areas has special importance in the economic,
social and cultural development of India. The government has to make
efforts through various schemes to provide basic amenities like poverty
upliftment, emplo yment, primary education, health, drinking water,
transport facilities, roads, electricity, etc. in rural areas. There is a need
for a service -oriented mechanism to assist the government in this task of
rural development.
Service -oriented and socially comm itted organizations help the
government. To this end, a vast network of volunteer organizations has
been set up across the country to directly and indirectly help the
government in various fields such as education awareness, eradication of
superstition, fa mily planning, adult education, public health, care of the
elderly, environmental protection, legal literacy, and village sanitation.
Voluntary organizations in India are autonomous and are always ready to
make the helpless, miserable, destitute, poor peop le self -reliant in rural
areas along with the urban areas. The contribution of social work of many
organizations like ‘Ramakrishna Mission’, ‘Christian Missionary’ in pre-
independence India is unforgettable. In the work of awakening and
awareness, voluntee r organizations are seen standing firmly behind the
government to change the attitude of the people in the rural areas, to
eradicate undesirable norms, traditions, untouchability, and ethnicity.
The role of voluntary organization in rural development can b e described
on the basis of the following points
1) Optional action: - The first approach to optional action assumes that
the government's development action can only improve the situation of
well-to-do people. However, a program for the welfare of the poor a t
the grassroots level enhances their misery and exploitation. Of course,
such government programs are prepared on the basis of the welfare of
the people. But in reality, a solid foundation for development is not
being laid. Due to the failure of the gover nment to help the poor who
are deprived of development opportunities, the optional actions of the
people are taken by the non-governmental organizations. The
argument is that Optional action is the definite answer to many
problems in developing countries. So optional action is considered as
an alternative approach to development. Recently, the importance of
voluntary organizations has been increasing nationally and
internationally.
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38 There is a growing expectation from voluntary organizations to accept the
challenges of development. India still has high levels of poverty,
unemployment, economic and social inequality. Overcoming all these
challenges, Volunteer organizations are playing a vital role in bringing
about social and economic transformation of the society.
2) Complementary to the system of government: - Second approach to
optional action is that voluntary organization play a secondary role. From
this point of view, voluntary organization will not be able to bring about
social and economic transformation of the backward society by disrupting
government work. To some extent this approach is feasible and correct.
This approach means that NGOs can serve as complementary to the
system of government.
NGOs cannot do anything about financial assistance and develop ment
work without the government's technical and administrative approval.
Problems in rural areas are of many types, serious and complex in nature
with wide range. Due to the wide scope of the problem, the work of the
NGO remains incomplete without governm ent support.
3) Competition: - The third and final view of participation in the
development of voluntary action is that in the development process,
service -oriented organization and government agencies, systems should
act simultaneously as competitors and comp lements to each other. The
government has financial and administrative power. The government
system cannot be separated from the development process. NGOs have
immense potential to communicate with the people, earn their trust and
participate in their deve lopment process. Recognizing the potential of
NGOs, the government should involve more NGOs in the development
process; such is the point of view of this approach. Competitor in the sense
that whichever of the voluntary and governmental actions is more eff icient
on the criteria of saving time and cost of completion of a project.
There is a competitive atmosphere in this regard.
4) The role of mediators: - Communication skills are important for
development and social action. Voluntary organization act as mediato ry at
various levels of communication, from local people to officials or
representatives.
5) Advisory role: - Documentation of support, dissemination of
information and expertise are very important. Then the advisory role
becomes prominent. In such cases, loca l level experts / professionals /
mentors plays an important role.
6) Development and operation of infrastructure: - Voluntary
organizations can acquire, divide and develop land. Can provide
infrastructure and housing. Also it can operate for construction of wells,
public toilets, solid waste collection etc.
7) Research, supervision and evaluation: - Many voluntary organization
appear to be working on various stages of research, planning, project
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39
Voluntary organization play two roles mainly;
1) Voluntary organizations carry out tasks that complement the unctions
of the state government system in their jurisdiction.
2) In the absence of the state government system or its role has
been neglected, the work is carried out by voluntary organizations.
In 1993, the World Conference on Human Rights was held in Vienna,
Austria. The purpose of this conference is to review and evaluate the
progress made in the field of human rights. According to resolution no
38 of the World Conference on Human Rights has emphasized the
importance of the role of voluntary organization in the promotion of all
human rights and humanitarianism.
Check your progress:
1) Explain the Role of Voluntary Organization.
2.10 SIGNIFICANCE OF VOLUNTARY
ORGAN IZATION
The importance of voluntary organization is increasing day by day. The
concept of welfare state requires conscious movement to accommodate the
people in the stream of development on large scale. The government is
ineffective in solving many kinds of problems in rural, urban and semi -
urban areas. Many Voluntary organizations are working as an extension of
the government to address the shortcomings of the government's program.
The importance of the work of voluntary organizations is explained in the
following points.
1) Rural Development: - There is a need to accelerate rural development
in developing countries. Many ambitious schemes and projects are
implemented by the government for the development of rural areas.
But due to the apathy of government emp loyees about work and lack
of information among the general public, many good schemes fail.
Today many voluntary organization are actively working in rural
areas. Since voluntary organizations are working at the grassroots
level, they successfully carry out various programs and schemes by
involving people in their work. As voluntary organizations are
succeeding in convincing the people about the importance of the
scheme and the program, many people are participating in the
development work independently and voluntarily, thus rural
development is being promoted.
2) People's participation in the development process: - Volunteering
helps to get people involved in process. The contribution of voluntary
organizations is crucial for the rapid development of the develo ped
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40 approach. The government is inadequate to accommodate the people in
the development process, to eradicate their superstitions and to
implement development programs at the grassroots level. Voluntary
organization are needed for all these reasons. If Voluntary
organizations are made responsible for getting people's participation, it
will help a developing country like India to grow faster.
3) Cooperation in the establishment of a welfare state: - India has
accepted the concept of a ‘Welfare State’. The concept of welfare state
is expanding the scope of work of the state. But the state is falling
short for the welfare of all people. The responsibilities of the welfare
state have been increasi ng exponentially in recent times. The welfare
state cannot fulfill all these responsibilities. The government is getting
strong support from voluntary organization to implement the concept
of welfare state. Education, health, eradication of superstition, s elf-
employment, family planning, etc. are being carried out responsibly by
voluntary organizations. Due to efficient leadership, innovative
working methods, good technology, effective public relations,
Voluntary organization are working effectively in the absence of the
government. Voluntary organization expect only grants from the
government. Voluntary organizations assist the government in
establishing a welfare state by carrying out two types of work, parallel
and extended.
4) To bridge the gap between rural and urban development: -
Considering the rural and urban areas of India, it can be seen that there
is a huge difference in the development of both rural and urban areas.
Cities are enriched with many amenities like education, health,
infrastructural amen ities while rural areas are still deprived of these
amenities. Many Voluntary organization are taking initiative to
provide basic facilities like education, health, roads in rural areas.
Voluntary organization are finding supportive to develop the rural
areas and the weaker sections in the rural areas by overcoming many
kinds of problems in the rural areas. In this way, Voluntary
organization play an important role in bridging the gap between rural
and urban development.
5) Preserving democracy: - Voluntary organization can fulfill their
responsibility to teach people moral values, national integrity and
nationalism. The main purpose of the Voluntary organizations is to
safeguard the national interest. The interests of democracy can be
safeguarded by Voluntary o rganization. Voluntary organization can
preserve democracy in the country in the true sense. Voluntary
organization try to maintain national unity and eliminate inequality in
the country. In this way, the work of Voluntary organization becomes
important for the safeguarding of democracy in the country.
6) New horizons of work: - As the scope of work of voluntary
organization increases, the complaints of the people decreases. The
working of voluntary organization greatly reduces the workload on the
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41 benefit of the people, many intelligent and thoughtful people turn to
the work of voluntary organizations. Due to the work of voluntary
organization, voluntary organization earn public trust at large. It can be
helpful for the expansive work of these organization. For this, many
thinkers do research to explore new horizons of work.
7) Social change: - Today's situation is very disappointing in terms of
social, economic and political transformation. Many in the community
are pessimistic about social progress. In terms of economic, social and
political transformation, it is unlikely that the government and political
parties will take concrete steps in the near future. Many Voluntary
organizations are fighting for the rights of the neglected and oppressed
people in this society. This process of social change is gaining
momentum through the efforts of voluntary organizations.
Check your progress:
1) Explain the importance of Voluntary Organizations
2.11 SUMMARY
Volu ntary organizations that operate voluntarily are doing important work
of social reform today. Voluntary organizations are carrying out important
work in rural areas through various issues such as economic, social,
political, educational, health, and enviro nmental protection.
2.12 QUESTION SET
1) Explain concept of Voluntary organization and state role in the rural
development.
2) Explain the concept of rural development and states the importance of
Voluntary organization in rural development.
2.13 PRINCIPLES O F MANAGEMENT OF
VOLUNTARY SECTOR
INTRODUCTION :
Considering the voluntary sector, this sector has expanded from a
developed nation to an under developed nation, that is to the corners of the
world. In India too, voluntary sector development seems to have g ained
momentum. In fact many NGOs are working as a supplement to the
government agency in many government functions. The main reasons
behind the development of these voluntary sectors is their independent
management.
Let us combine the efforts or labor of many individuals to achieve a goal
that requires management. In this the objectives are fixed. It is analyzed.
A person’s skills and intellect are used. Similarly, other available
materials are property individual, organization and transaction etc. is
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42 etc. Management is used in the field. Management practices vary from
person to person or organization. But two important things are done in
this. The first is to set the objectives of th e management organization.
There objectives are expressed through precise and concise statements of
various problems and secondly, guidance is provided on the difficulties
and limitations that come with achieving the objectives.
The design and planning of the program in accordance with the policy
decided by the organization building accordingly, the division of labor at
different levels of the organization, cooperation in the right direction to
guide and control and work is the task of management. Policy making,
decision making, planning, co-ordination, structure control monitoring and
public relations are the principles of management in voluntary sector
management. The management of any organization depends on the
efficiency of the organization.
2.14 MEANIN G OF MANAGEMENT
Management means planning and organizing what is needed to achieve the
pre-planned objectives of the organization, to provide guidance, to help
solve problems and create coherence, unity among the various elements
within the organizatio n. Management is task. Management is an
independent discipline. But management is not about a specific person or
group of individuals. So the overall management method is considered is
thus. People who act as managers are called managers or administrators.
Working with others people means management. That is management
cannot exist without the existence of an organization. When appointing a
person as a manager, one has to consider not only the person’s expertise
in the work but also the person’s ability to get work from others. Ideas are
just as important in management as individuals. It is only with the help of
new ideas that the manager is able to achieve the goal.
Definition :
Henry Fayol -
Estimating planning, organization, symmetry coordination and control is
the survey work is the organization.
This definition clarifies the function of management.
J. L. According to Landry, working with a group of individuals in a
business organization to achieve specific goals or objectives.
Overall, management is abou t coordinating and organizing the workforce,
motivating the workers and controlling the work.
Millward -
Management is a process and means through which planning is done to
implement the policies decided by the business association. And the policy
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43
When all the above definitions are considered together, management
means planning to achieve specific goals or objectives and monitoring and
controlling the implementation of the goal.
2.15 NATURE OF MANA GEMENT
1) Management is a financial tool :
It is necessary to make adequate use of the resources available in the
NGO. It is the duty of the management to coordinate and effectively
control the available resources. Adequate utilization of these financial
resources is essential for the organization to carry out its mission.
2) Management is a system of authority :
Management should have the necessary powers to do its job. Management
is entrusted with the management of planning, organization, direction,
decision ma king, coordination and control. This right enables management
to manage the organization hence management is a rights system. This
system of authority includes the supremacy of government and control.
3) Management is a collective action :
Management refers t o the ability to get work done by others. It is the duty
of the management to hire and hire qualified people for the smooth and
efficient execution of business functions. This is because the working
class is an active element. This is the basic difference between labor and
tools. It is necessary to get cooperation and active response from the
employees. Without it the organization will not have a profitable position.
It is important to take the initiative and organize the various activities and
maintain con tinuity in the related activities. It is possible if you get things
done skillfully by others. The manager should direct discipline and proper
direction to the efforts of the employees.
2.16 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
1) Management is a process of planning :
Organization, co-ordination, motivation control etc. It involves many
processes. Founder, staff etc. There are components to this process. The
main functions of this process is to make adequate use of tools for the
society. The task of making adequate u se of the tools required for the work
of the organization is carved out through the management process.
2) Management is the bad of good work :
Management is the bad of good work. Management is always behind
achieving something. Management has to achieve certain objectives by
implementing various projects conducting various programs etc. manages
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44 3) Management means getting work from others :
A manager has to get work from his subordinates to carry out the tasks of
his organization. While doing this, he should advise, guide, motivate,
cooperate and work with his colleagues it takes. In short, the manager has
to get the work done skillfully by his colleagues.
4) Management is a collective Action :
Objectives of any organization are achieve d quickly through collective
efforts. Personal efforts cannot be called management. Management is
about collective effort. Management is the endeavor of a group of
employees to achieve the goals of the organization.
5) Management is invisible :
Management is an invisible force. Management is like a government. You
can’t see the actual management. But management can see good -bad
results. In other words, if the enthusiasm of the employees is more than
their efficiency and success, than you can say that the manag ement of that
organization is good.
6) There is no alternative to Management :
Computers are being used extensively for management tasks. This has
added to the manager’s ability to work. Even so, owning are is still beyond
the reach of the average person. A m anager is required in that
organization.
7) Management is an art :
Management is an art, because managerial skills are a personal matter.
Real management is a science. However, personal skills make a difference
when it comes to adopting the scriptures. So man agement is an art
management has to make many decisions. For that he needs to have good
skills. He has to solve many problems. Managers have the art of solving
that.
8) Management is a science :
While managing, the manager uses his knowledge. Management invol ves
principle Rational consistency is found in knowledge of management.
Management knowledge acquired by testing and analyzing the test of
classical experiment. For all these reasons, management is science.
9) Management is a business or profession :
As the m anager needs a lot of knowledge, he has to take some educational,
vocational and training, education, so management is a profession.
10) Management is a ubiquitous process :
Management solves the human problem that leads to business objectives.
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45 Religious Institution, cooperatives etc. So management is on all
encompassing process.
11) Management is dynamic :
Management is a dynamic action. Management is a dynamic process of
evolving power. The scope , principles and theories of management seen to
have undergone many changes over time. The traditional nature of
management has completely changed today. This process of change will
continue in the future as well.
12) Management adopts many principles :
While managing, one has to adopt the principles of management.
E.g. The Fourteen principal stated by Henry Fayol are division of labor,
authority and responsibility discipline, one sentence in the order, one
sentence in the instruction, etc. principles have to be adopted. So
management involves many principles.
13) Management is at all levels :
Management is adopted at all levels E.g. Managers have to manager for all
the levels of Top management, middle level management and Lower level
management. In thus, the manage r has to do more important work on top
management. Junior management has to do daily chores.
14) Management is an ongoing process :
Management is an ongoing process. Management has to do its job
seamlessly. When management stops, all business activities stop. So
management has to continue its work.
15) Management is a social process :
Management is related to human being. Cooridinating, directing, guiding
the workers to fulfil the goals of the industry organization. Encouraging,
solving their problems. Monitoring a nd controlling them means
management, that is personal development
2.17 IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT
The importance of management is constantly increasing in modernization.
In the global situation, business organizations have to fight for their
existence and management more important than ever the importance of
such management is as follows.
1) Maximum utilization of resources :
Proper and maximum utilization of available resources in the business
depends on efficient management. Any business requires a combinatio n of
many tools. At the same times, it is important to use those tools sparingly
and properly. Management strives to maximize the use of tools through
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46 2) Increase competitiveness :
Management measures the competitiveness of organization. In modern
times many products are taken keeping in mind the needs of the people.
This seems to have created intense competition in the market.
Management plays an important role in coping with this competition.
3) Increases efficiency :
Good manage ment increases business efficiency. Management makes
adequate use of resources. So the service is available at the lowest
production cost. Naturally, the efficiency of all business increases due to
business.
4) Employees get motivation :
The main function of management is to motivate the employees in the
organization. Employees are motivated in two ways. Financial
Motivation and financial motivation. Management works to keep
employees always satisfied through both of these.
5) Encouragement for initiative :
A suc cessful manager gives initiative to his employees. It increase the
sense of belonging. Adding personal skills makes the organization more
efficient.
6) Team spirit grows :
Managers force their employees to work with a sense of belonging. At the
same time, everyone is encouraged to work in a spirit of cooperation. This
joint spirit develops through management.
7) New changes are possible :
Modern management is dynamic. In this news changes are expected
according to the new problem. New changes are adopted to solve much
problems. From the new managerial idea. It brings more benefits to the
organization.
8) Advances in technology :
In the modern world, new discoveries and technological changes are
taking place. Thus new technology is put to good use by management.
Only the manager can manage it.
9) It is possible to grow and expand :
Due to efficient management, the organization can be argued and
expanded. The manager strives to develop the organization. He
encourages his staff to build a sense of belonging to the organizat ion. The
leads to the growth and expansion of the organization.
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47 10) Improves the quality of life of the workers :
In modern times, the manager is called the basic of economic progress.
Workers’ standard of living depends on management efficiency. Efficient
management leads to productivity. Essential and luxurious items can be
produced is large quantities. It can provide employment to many people.
11) Get help from the community :
Efficient business management is considered to be the social
responsibility of the ma nagement. Protecting the interests of stakeholders
with thus social responsibility. Keeping the price of appropriate sanctioned
items affordable to the employees et. Things include naturally, this also
helps the management to get some kind of help from the society.
Check your Progress :
1) Discuss the importance of management in the work of NGOs
2.18 SUMMARY
The main reason behind the flood and development of NGO sector is the
management of NGOs. NGOs need a lot of effort and help to achieve
their goals. Ma nagement is needed to streamline these efforts the main
function of the organization is to coordinates, guide and control the work
is the right direction while working on various levels of the organization.
Such a design, planning, division of labor, capit al, raising etc. the
goodness of the work of the organization depends on the management of
the organization.
2.19 QUESTIONS
1) Explain the features of management by explaining the concept of
management.
2) Explain the nature of management by explaining the meani ng
and definitions of management.
3) Write a comment on the importance of management.
4) Discuss the importance of management in the work of NGOs.
2.20 REFERENCE
1. Rupalisheth, Vidula Kulkarni, Principle and Work of Management
Daimond Prakashan.
2. Dr. M. K. Gawade, Management Concept, Atharv Publication
3. Sing K. Social Work Theory and Practice, (Prakashan Kendra),
Lucknow, 84.
4. Kamat G. R., Cooperation Principle and Practice, Pune Samaj
Prabodhan Sanstha. munotes.in

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48 5. Nanda Pangul, Community Organization.
6. PrajaktaTankasale, Integra ted Social Work. K SagarPrakashan
7. Chowdhari, D. Paul, Introduction to Social Work, Atmaram and Sons
1964.Chowdhari, D. Paul
8. Prajakta Tankasale, Integrated Social Work. K Sagar Prakashan
9. Tukaram Jadhav, Manavi Hakk, Quince Prakashan.
10. Kumar Hajira, Theories Social Work Practices, Delhi - Baroda
Friends Publications 1995.


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3
ACTIVITIES OF VOLUNTARY
ORGANISATIONS
Unit Structure :
3.0 Objectives
3.1 Principle Activities of Ngo
3.2 Health Programs
3.3 Educational Programs
3.4 Water Management Tasks
3.5 De-Addiction Program
3.6 Employment Generation Program
3.7 Key Issues of Ngos
3.8 Solutions to the Problems of Service Oriented Organizations
3.9 Summary
3.10 Introduction
3.11 Public Participation in Development Work
3.12 Financial Participation
3.13 Participation Through Labours
3.14 Mental Participation
3.15 Summary
3.16 Reference
3.0 OBJECTIVES
Objectives in the present case, we will study the programs of NGOs and
their major issues the objectives of this case study are as follow.
 Understand the principle activities of NGO.
 Expl ain the key issues before NGOs.
 To know the people participation in NGO. munotes.in

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50  Understanding the importance of public participation in an NGO.
 Understanding people’s participation in development work.
 Knowing the participation of people in economic factors.
 Know ing the participation of people gained through labors.
 Understanding the importance of mental public participation.
3.1 1. PRINCIPLE ACTIVITIES OF NGO
India's economic and social growth places a specific emphasis on rural
region development. The government must work to address issues
including poverty, unemployment, primary education, health, drinking
water, transportation options, roads, and power in rural regions through a
variety of programmes. A service -oriented system is required to help the
government with rural development. Government assistance is provided
by service -oriented groups working from a mindset of service and social
commitment. To end a vast network of charitable organizations has bean
set up across the country to provide direct and indire ct assistance to the
government in various fields such as education awareness, eradication of
superstition, family planning, adult education, public health, care of the
elderly environmental protection, legal literacy, village sanitation. Service
oriented organizations in India are autonomous organizations that are
always ready to help the urban as well as the rural areas, the homeless and
especially the poor to become self-reliant.

You will not forget the contribution of social work of many organizations
like Ramakrishna Mission, Christian Missionary in pre- independence
India. In the work of enlightment and awareness, charitable organizations
are seen standing firmly behind the government to change the traditional
attitudes or the people in the rural areas of India, to eradicate undesirable
norms, traditions, untouchability, caste.
Since NGO programs are important for the development of the rural
community, different types of programs are being implemented by NGOs
in different departments the important ev ents can be summarized as munotes.in

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51 follows. In India's rural areas, voluntary organisations have played a big
and crucial role.
Concept:
The term "volunteer sector" describes businesses whose main goal is to
improve society rather than make a profit. It goes by the names third
sector, civil society, and not -for-profit industry frequently. The term
voluntarism is derived from the latin word “voluntas” which means will or
freedom.
The term "nonprofit" or "non -paid organisation" is also used to describe
voluntary grou ps. A collection of individuals cooperating voluntarily to
meet the needs of the poor and provide them with the resources they have
is referred to as a voluntary organisation.
The term voluntary association is defined by various authors.
Michael Banton d efined it as a group organised for the pursuit of same
motive or objective and interests in common.
David L. Sills identified it as a group of persons, organised on the basis of
voluntary membership without state control, for some common interest of
its m embers.
Lord Bevridge has defined a voluntary organisation as "one which,
whether its workers are paid or unpaid, is initiated and governed by its
own members without external control."
The following criteria must be met for voluntary organisation:
a) Th e formation is voluntary on the part of a group of individuals;
b) It is totally self -governing organisation to decide on its constitution, and
its policy and members;
c) It will work on self revenue generation, with at least some of its
reven ues coming from voluntary sources; and
d) No scope for profit generation.
All four qualities are not frequently seen in organisations, and they might
only exist in the greatest forms. The behaviour or activity in question is
one that the state does not d eflect or censor. It is a group activity where
decisions are made by the participants themselves, not by any outside
authority. The distinction between non -profit and volunteer organisations
must be made since they are not the same thing. Persons or groups of
individuals start voluntary organisations for development, especially for
underprivileged groups in society. Volunteering and helping others may
relieve stress, sadness, and keep you intellectually active. It is true that the
more you volunteer, the mo re benefits you will enjoy. However, the
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52 The purpose of a voluntary organisation is to promote voluntary activity.
They labour for humanity, the well -being of people, and growth rather
than for any particular g oal. The term "volunteer action" refers to a variety
of endeavours, including charitable giving, welfare, disaster relief and
rehabilitation, service delivery, the socioeconomic advancement of rural
impoverished people, the development of human resources, etc.
Volunteering allows to meet new people, overcome shyness, and gain
confidence. The intellect, body, and passion will all be developed by it.
Volunteering could make once life more enjoyable and fulfilling.
There are a number of distinctions between t he two. Voluntary
organisations often have a spontaneous beginning and are focused on a
particular issue. Their power lies in this. They provide strong motivation,
improved managerial abilities, and increased field problem sensitivity. The
non-official org anisations, on the other hand, could be state -sponsored and
continue for as long as they have assistance, funding, etc., from the state.
The state is the one who started this. As a result, not all unofficial
organisations must fall under the umbrella of vo luntary organisations. But
there is room for educated people who want to help the cause to get active
in both of these organisations. In general, nonprofit organisations work on
a wide range of concerns, from youth organisations to specialised medical
research. Most of them concentrate on a particular problem that has to be
solved, like climate change or the affordability of housing, or on a
particular group in society that needs assistance and representation.
The voluntary organisation differs from other organisations in society
because of its qualities. The chief characteristics of voluntary organisation
are:
a. They are developed by individuals or groups of individuals for the
purpose of carrying out welfare and development activities for the
underprivilege d groups of society.
b. They are neither formed nor run for profit. They are registered under
the appropriate act to grant cooperative status to a group of
individuals.
c. They are an organisation that is initiated and governed by their own
members on democrat ic principles without external control.
Function of nonprofit organisations in the execution of development
initiatives in the seventh five -year plan document.
 To supplement the government efforts in rural development.
 To make the people understand the so cial issues and cooperate
government initiative to resolve it.
 The voluntary associations should adopt positive approach, take
initiative and act for the benefit of society with its limited resources
and to reach a large population group with greater commu nity
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53  To respond to the needs of the poorest of the poor people in rural
areas.
 To spread information and make people aware of social issues.
 To make communities as independent as possible.
 To conduct social welfare activities with full z est.
 To offer technology in the simpler form to the poor.
 To mobilize financial resources from within the community and use it
for the welfare of the community.
Role of Voluntary Association
Volunteer organisations have without a doubt been at the forefro nt of rural
development efforts. They have also shown signs of flexibility in service,
a personal touch, and close connection to the consumer. They've also
proven that they have the ability to start and try out new programmes, and
they've shown that they a re sensitive to finding solutions to complex
issues that the government cannot. But in the context of village -based
organisations, it's important to consider these entities' involvement in the
following areas.
a) The voluntary agencies have to supplement a nd not to compete with
government efforts.
b) It is possible for the voluntary agencies to reach a large number of
people and set an example for others.
c) Information is power, and the volunteer organization's job is to make it
available to the rural po or. The volunteer organisations may also be very
helpful in the field of information dissemination. Information on numerous
programmes, initiatives, plans, etc. frequently does not reach the rural
poor where the volunteers has the lead role to disseminate it to the rural
people.
d) The voluntary sector has taken the lead in utilising rural talent and
skills.
Through a variety of strategies, the volunteers should concentrate on
reducing dependency among rural residents, and the villagers must be
taught to b e self -reliant.
Rural societies, like those in India, require consistent and ongoing
assistance and support from a variety of sources in order to go from a
condition of extreme poverty to a respectable degree of development.
Many might join in or activate a developing initiative while not being a
member of the formal framework. In order to achieve the ultimate aim of
rapid rural development, the efforts of formal agencies and nonprofit
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54 Additionally, it is believed that volunteer organisations have the ability to
outperform formal organisations in the following areas:
i) The volunteers can be more sincerely devoted to the task of reducing
the suffering of the poor than government staff; i i) They can
motivate more public participation in developmental efforts than the
government departments.
ii) They can have a better rapport with the rural poor;
iii) Since they are not bound by rigid bureaucratic rules and procedures,
they can operate with g reater flexibility;
iv) Their efforts are more economical; and care taking.
Functions of Non -Governmental Organizations
a. Support to resolve issues
A flexible method for people concerned about a social or economic issue
to start acting is provided by the non -profit sector. Additionally, it caters
to segments of the populace whose demands for a variety of public goods
exceed what society or the government is ready to provide. NGOs support
effective dispute settlement. Non -governmental organisation, is essenti al
for fostering an atmosphere of trust and confidence on the world stage.
Today's citizens are eager to participate actively in the decisions that affect
their lives, thus it is crucial that their engagement in democracy go beyond
the ritual of voting to encompass the advancement of social justice, gender
equity, inclusivity, etc.
b. Bringing social issues to awareness of people
Non-profit organisations are essential in bringing social issues and needs
to the public's notice. They serve as the main platfor m for communities to
express their worries. Since it may be very difficult to tell if an
organisation was founded to work for a cause or just to receive
government funding, accreditation continues to be a major problem. The
ability of NGOs to criticize the government is weakened by their
excessive reliance on government funding.
c. Increasing government efficiency
NGOs may increase the accountability of the government by ensuring that
it responds to the needs of all citizens rather than focusing on interes ts of a
particular group. By bringing their own independent knowledge and
research teams, they also encourage creativity and flexibility in
policymaking. Through the participation of local citizens, they increase
the effectiveness of numerous services bein g delivered locally. As the
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) considers reports and social
audits by NGOs when drafting its reports, they help increase policy
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55

d. Focus on Community Involvement
The non -profit organisations p rovide different viewpoints and, more
significantly, the ability to have meaningful conversations with
communities, especially underprivileged ones.
They support freedom, diversity, and plurality. The varied cultures of
India are preserved and promoted by several NGOs. NGOs are sometimes
perceived as intruding on centuries -old customs and cultures of the public,
which at times sparks widespread resistance.

e. Act for Accountability and transparency
NGOs acts for Accountability and transparency in gover nment functions
and proceedings, observing and making suggestions for improvement in
public and private sector accountability and transparency. It acts to bring
transparency and accountability in the functioning of government
mechanism. NGOs are frequently seen to be fronts for fundamentalist
agendas and have in the past served as a cover for organised crime. NGOs
with foreign funding have been in charge of planning agitations and
derailing development initiatives in India. In order to monitor and control
illegal and unaccounted cash, the Ministries of Home Affairs and Finance
should work more closely together.

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56 3.2 HEALTH PROGRAMS
In rural areas, health problems are a exacerbated by norms, traditions
superstitions and undesirable practices. As health probl ems are not solved
in time due to illiteracy and financial weakness, the NGOs is undertakes
health programs to solve such problems as follows.
Leprosy Eradication Program :
The attitude towards leprosy in rural society is very different. Leprosy is
also kn own as leprosy. In the past, if a leper was found in someone’s
home, the house would be boycotted. He did not say that he had leprosy
in his house because of that fear. There are many misconceptions about
leprosy so the problem of leprosy is increasing day by day. Many NGO
in Maharashtra are working to eradicate thus disease. Shantivan, a leprosy
prevention committee set up in Panvel, inspired by Baba Amte’s
Anandvan, is it a case in point. Through this organization many lepers
were completely cured and reha bitification work of those people was also
carried out.
Tuberculosis Eradication Program :
In Japan, some of the leading organizations in the country have been
established with a specific time. Asha Sanstha has a number of
organizations working for TB eradication. Free treatment facilities are
being provided to the causes of tuberculosis due to long-term failure.
Polar Program :
In the past independence program period, AIS has become a new health
problem. Awareness programme are being conducted at governmen t
level. Maan NGOs are conducting public awareness work through a
number of urban and rural areas. Even today, the number of volunteers is
seen to be important in providing health care to AIDS patients.

Family Welfare Program :
Essential facilities to st op watering. Supply of contraceptive pills, free
surgery and convincing the people of the importance of a strong family.
Emphasis is placed on culture.
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57 Ophthalmology B Silent Surgery :
Some NGOs have provided financial assistance in the program of
providi ng eye examination and free soil surgery for the poor in rural areas.
This is the same Niramanta Ladaharan that we can take at the Iraq
Mercury Center in the village of Tara in Panaul Naluka.

The Yanrabi Institute worked in the field of ophthalmology and cataract
surgery and people began to consider the village of Dolce’s operations. In
some NGOs, these facilities are being mode available a little as possible.
Therefore, ophthalmology and cataract surgery is an important of an NGO:
Other Health Programs :
Self help organizations are providing health facilities to solve the health
problems that are facing in daily life. Health Centre Chalbo for free health
care, medicine supply treatment of minor ailments and them treatment,
while other health programs are to be carried out by NGOs.




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58 3.3 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Many NGOs are implementing education Programs to spread education in
rural areas and provide quality education to the needy. Teaching the value
of life along with formal education. The educational p rogram is being
implemented with a view to importing basic education or professional
enhancement to education.

1) Running Tribal Ashram Schools :
Many NGOs are running Ashram schools in remote areas to bring the
tribal community into the educational stream. Some ashram schools are
run on government grants. Some ashram schools are run by NGOs at their
own expense.
2) Creation of Educational Facilities :
Many NGOs in Maharashtra have started educational institutes to impart
education to the weaker sections or the masses. Free education is provided
in this institute. At the same time, educational programs are being
carried out in remote areas such as setting up countryards, running night
classes, giving scholarships, supplying educational materials etc.



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59 3.4 WATER MANAGEMENT TASKS
Water management of NGOs is an important task. The donkey -less NGO is
constructing levees in the form of rings and leaflets to protect water
resources, make water literate and create water reservoirs. The watershed
development program is being implemented through NGOs through Lake
Participation. Some NGOs have been set up for the purpose of water
management. So water management is an important event that of an NGO.

3.5 DE-ADDICTION PROGRAM
Addition is more prevalent in rural areas and especially in remote areas.
Due to this addiction, you can see that the poverty rate in rural areas is
increasing day by day. It is more prevalent in tribal areas. Therefore,
NGOs are seen implementing addition programs to rehabilitate addicted
families, remove them from various addictions as well as create awarness
among the people to stay away from addictions.

3.6 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAM
As unemployment is becoming a major problem, employment generation
programs are being planned and impleme nted by the government. The
purpose for which the government has started employment generation
programs. To achieve this, NGOs are implementing practical programs to
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60 3.7 KEY ISSUES OF NGOs
Introduction :
NGOs are constan tly working for different forms of social change. The
work is divided into welfare work, development work and awareness
work. NGOs face different issues or problems while working in different
forms. NGOs are facing many problems due to lack of conducive
environment or conditions for their work. The key issue or major issues
are as follows.
Unorganized Area :
NGOs are scattered in rural and urban areas. The scope of work and
objectives of each organization are different. But the problems facing most
NGOs are generally the same. NGOs need to be coordinated at the local or
regional level to address these issues. However, such organizations do not
appear to be NGOs.
Therefore, it does not great a conducive environment for the organization.
Insufficient Funds :
NGOs are getting the funds required for social transformation in various
ways. Some NGOs receive grants from the government for specific work.
However, the goal of running the organization as a whole was achieved.
The scope of our work cannot be expanded due to insufficient funds and
government grants. Many activists need more time to raise funds. Lack of
capital has led to financial problems in NGOs.
Dominance of Political Leaders :
In India, various NGOs in rural areas are dominated by political leaders.
Political leaders have a place in selfish NGOs. NGOs are dominated by a
small amount of financial support as well as government funds and
concessions in the wrong way by taking advantage of a political party or
powers but such organizations operate under the pressure of certain
leaders.
Harm is expressed in society while doing social work. Such organizations
are working to serve the interests of political leaders without being in the
public interest. Therefore the activities of such organizations do not reac h
the poor and needy.
Interference of government of ficials :
There does not appear to be a harmonious relationship between NGOs and
government agencies. The flows in the government system are brought to
the notice of the society by the activists of the NG Os. Also, government
schemes put pressure on government officials to reach out to the actual
beneficiaries. In this regard, the government officials are angry with the
NGO workers and try to vent their anger indirectly. Since there is not
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61 workers, the government officials intervence and harass the workers and
discourage them from working found in officers.
Lack of trained workers :
Workers working in NGOs are voluntarily trained. In this, very fem
workers are working in NGOs due to unemployment. Such workers have
no working experience or special training. Initially, there is no special
effort to get public participation from these activists who do not have
affection for the people. Some activi sts are associated with NGOs to gain
social prestige these workers have no experience and are not going social
work properly.
Working Lessons :
The objectives of many NGOs are not clear. The work lacks pre - planning
or lack of coordination skills. There is a lack of co -ordination between the
executive board and the workers or a relationship like master and servant
is formed. In some organizations, all decisions of the orgaizations are
made by a particular person due to flaws in the functioning of the family .
When making decisions.
As the view of activists are not respected, the decisions of NGOs are
flawed and this problem is also seen in many NGOs also government
funds are not made available on time. This has an adverse effect on the
functioning of the NGO.
Means of retaining power :
In order not to endanger their power, some selfless activists put forward
and support a charitable organization. Thus, a number of individuals who
tarnish the image of charitable organizations and activists work to brighten
name of NGOs by setting up NGOs and trying to maintain power in the
political arena through the organization or by abusing the organization.
This leads to limitations due to the selfless working methods of the NGO.
That is why this is a problem in the voluntee r sectors.
Extended Development Components of Government Great
Department Organizations :
Many NGOs are dependent on government grants instead of finding their
own source of income. Such institutions do not exist on their own. The
orders of bureaucracy of the government have to be followed while
implementing the programs that the government is seen implementing
through its various development programs. We have to do our work by
aiding by the rules of the government, so it seems to be limited to
implementing the programs set by the government rather than identifying
the needs of the society and setting objectives. The autonomy of such
NGOs is threatened. The image of the organization is tarnished if
government programs are closed or the scheme is misused.
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62 Importance of fulfilling objectives :
While doing social work, some NGOs give more importance to fulfilling
their objectives in order to get funds in different ways or to get grants from
the government. Regardless of how much their work really benefits the
society, they prefer to receive donations from the rich and squander money
or misappropriate funds and such NGOs stray from their original purpose.
Lack of future generations of leaders :
In the past -independence period, as a social commitment and self
motiv ation, a group of individuals set up an NGO. Inspired by a specific
purpose, he did social work through his life, but the heirs of such an
organization or social reformer were not property formed. As a result, the
barrage of such institutions or social reformers has not been property
created. As a result, such organizations could no longer work selflessly. In
the current situation, the lack of leadership to work for the society has
created a problem of future leadership or new leadership in the NGO.
Check your Progress :
1) Sate the major problems facing NGOs.
3.8 SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF SERVICE
ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONS
The following are some solutions to the various problems facing service
oriented organizations.
1) Resource Building :
Service oriented organizations should not rely to much on donations and
grants to become self -reliant. A nominal fee should be charged from the
beneficiary. Establish own means of income.
2) Selection of workers :
While selecting the workers of the service oriented organization, then
motivation, interest in rural areas and rural development work, their
education and training, study must be considered. Preference should be
given to local volunteer activist.
3) Publicity for development programs :
The government should regularly publi sh booklets, manuals, pamphlets
with detailed information about rural development programs in the
country. They should be published in the local newspaper.
4) The strength of the organization &selection of the right
work :
The service -oriented organization should be consistent in development
work, welfare work and change, talking into account the workers, tools,
financial strength, interests etc. Volunteers should keep a diary.
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63 5) Coordinating Committee :
At the village level, a coordinating committee consisting of concerned
officers, teachers, gram sevaks, sarpanch, local dignitaries and youth
representatives should be set up. Beneficiary groups, objectives and scope
of work should be determined.
6) Attitude towards work :
While doing service work, a service -oriented organization should not go to
the rural people as a parent or guide, but as a friend. Service - oriented
organizations should keep in mind that their ultimate goal is to make rural
people self -relevant. There is a saying that fish should be taught to be
caught rather than given away for free.
Activists should constantly remember the implications of this.
Check your Progress :
1) Suggest solutions to the problems of NGOs.
3.9 SUMMARY
A charitable organization is an organization set up spon taneously for the
purpose of providing free service to a particular region or people. Service
was the main goal of a service -oriented organizations. Charitable
organizations have been contributing to the rural development program
since time immemorial. Wel fare work includes giving priority to the blind,
widows, innocents, assisting in case of natural calamities, providing
education, etc. Training of rural people in agriculture, village industries,
cottage industries, informing them about various schemes being
implemented by the government for job creation, increasing the
participation of people in population control by emphasizing the
importance of population control, establishing dialogue between rural
people and scheme implementing official laying works, c onstruction of
roads, forestry, construction of schools, community temples etc. are
undertaken.
Charitable organizations have to face many problems but charitable
organizations need to build their own resources and not just rely on
donations and grants. Al so, when selecting workers, workers who are
interested in rural development work should be selected. However, our
aim is not to provide all the help that people in rural areas need, but to
make them self -reliant. This is a must have, for any affiliate, pro moting
any program.
3.10 INTRODUCTION
There has been an important tradition of public participation in volunteer
work since pre -independence times. Public participation in the work of
social development started by the social reformers was a constant strugg le.
Due to public participation, the British had to change some of their
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64 The importance of public participation in voluntary work has not
diminished even now as the tradition of publi c participation has existed in
our country since ancient times.
Public participation means the participation of the people in the
development work for the society for which the development work is
planned by the NGOs and the completion of the development w ork with
cooperation of the people is called public participation.
Society is the real beneficiary of development work is considered
important to make the society aware of this work and to understand the
importance of development work. Initially, public participation in
government programs was not given much importance. So many plans
failed. As corruption was rampant, special efforts were made in later times
to increase public participation in development work, but the tradition of
public participation in N GOs is very old.
3.11 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT
WORK
In our country, most of the NGOs are working in a scattered form. This
organization carries out social development work in urban, rural and
remote areas. While working in the local area, develo pment programs are
designed by identifying the needs of the local community and
implemented by the workers in the organization. Since NGOs are working
to solve the burning issues of the society, the development work is getting
good response from the people . Quality work can be done through the
participation of the community. Being aware of this, many NGOs have
carried out successful development works through public participation.
3.12 FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION
Financial participation and collaboration through labor are very important
factors in public participation. No development work can be completed
properly without financial support. So NGOs are making special efforts to
get financial participation. In order to get financial participation,
participation, participation is obtained in the form of donations form the
rich and wealthy sections of the society.
Attempts are made to involve the beneficiaries in the development work
according to their financial situation. NGOs are trying different ways to
raise th eir own funds. Although this is part of the government’s grant - in-
aid, it is used to fund other development projects. NGOs are also getting
better financial participation as socially useful work is being done by these
organizations.
3.13 PARTICIPATION THR OUGH LABOURS
Another means of gaining public participation in development work is the
participation of the community through labor. The work currently being
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65 public participation. Wor k is done for the benefit of the beneficiaries
through public participation through labor so that the development
program does not become isolated. The community is expected to
participate in the implementation of various development programs. It is
expect ed to complete the work with the cooperation of the people while
working on water management, to participate through labor while planting
trees, to involve the labor of the villagers while completing the work of
sanitation. Many activities such as involvin g the entire beneficiary
community in collective development schemes have been successful in
gaining public participation through NGO labor.
3.14 MENTAL PARTICIPATION
While working in rural areas, there are efforts to have mental participation
in the devel opment work of the society. Creating positive mindset of the
society in the development work and getting the enthusiastic response of
the society is very important in mental participation.
NGO workers are strangers when they go into the community. At such
times, the mental participation of the local people is not immediately
available. The first step in mental participation is to get people to agree
with the idea’s you put forward, without accepting the challenges you
have made. Development work is not hamp ered if there is mental
participation of the people.
The growing sense of belonging and trust in the NGO due to the mental
participation of the community is a good example of mental participation.
If an initiative is presented to the community and the initiative is opposed,
then the mental participation of the community is not adequate, but the
NGO succeeded in gaining the mental participation of the rural
community.
Therefore, NGOs are doing an important job of raising voice against
atrocities. NGOs and public participation is a very important factor, but
the government has not been able to get a large number of people involved
in the development work, so many of the government’s schemes have
failed.
3.15 SUMMARY
Public participation is very important in t he organization. As long as there
is no public participation in any community. Until then the problem of that
community cannot be solved. How’s to get lake participation? This is the
problem facing all community organization workers. It is not possible for
any activist to get the participations of all the people in the community but
it is necessary to get the participations of maximum number of people.
The people in each community are divided into small and large groups and
each community also has one or mo re leaders. Who personally represent
to develop your community? For this, community organization requires
that the community organization worker fist find a group that is of special
importance to the community and also identify the group leader. If all munotes.in

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66 such leaders can be brought together on a single platform and create
awareness of community and duty, then all people in all communities can
be represented and motivated to act. In a community organization, it is not
so much a matter of what work is done. But more important is the level at
which people in the community have developed the skills to work
together, the community spirit, the ability to understand the problem and
the foresight, and the level to which their differences with the people have
been used constructively.
People’s participation in community organization is hampered by
differences, tensions and conflicts. But working together with the people
does not mean that conflicts and tensions in the community will end
completely. In fact, it is an int egral part of community life, and it is these
principles that give strength to community life.
3.16 REFERENCE
1. Kaonta Prasad : “NGOs and Social – Economic Development
Opportunities”. Deep and deep Publication, New Delhi.
2. Kamat G. R., Cooperation Principle and Practice, Pune Samaj
Prabodhan Sanstha
3. Ravi Shankar Kumar Singh (2003): “Role of NGOs in
Developing Countries Deep and deep Publication, New Delhi.
4. Prof. Dr. Pansare Ramesh, Sevsbhsvi Sanghatanaaani Gramin
Vikas, Marathi Arthashatra Parishad.
5. Desai Vasa nt, Rural Development, 1K3, Mumbai, Himalaya
Publishing House
6. Mishra S. K. Puri, V. K. Indian Economy - Its Development
Experience, Mumbai, H. P. House.
7. Dr. Desai R. M., Dr. Joshi S. S., Bharatiy Arthavyavastha.
8. Kamat G. R., Cooperation Principle and Pract ice, Pune Samaj
Prabodhan Sanstha.

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67 4
REGISTRATION PROCESS OF NON -
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
Unit Structure :
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Laws related to registration of NGO
4.3 Required Documents for Registration
4.4 Revenue sources of NGO
4.5 Summary
4.6 Self study
4.0 OBJECTIVES
1) To study the concept of NGO
2) To study Need and Functions of NGO
3) To study the Laws related to NGO formation.
4) To study financial management for NGO
4.1 INTRODUCTION
NON - GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO)
NGO (Non -Governmental Organization): What Is It?
An organi zation that operates without the assistance of a government is
known as a non -governmental organisation (NGO). NGOs are non -profit
organizations that work to alleviate suffering, advance the causes of the
underprivileged, safeguard the environment, offer f undamental social
services, or engage in community development. NGOs, also known as
civil society groups, are created on a local, national, and worldwide scale
to advance a social or political objective like a humanitarian cause or
environmental preservati on.
In India, the word "NGO" refers to a broad range of organizations,
including non -governmental, quasi -governmental, and non -voluntary
groups. These organizations are registered under a special Act of the
government (the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in India), even though
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68 NGOs rely on a range of financing sources, including membership fees,
individual contributions, and government subsidies.
An NGO is a voluntary association of p ersons or groups of people
operating inside a legal framework without intervention from the
government. The majority of Indians are unable to lift themselves out of
the pit of poverty and hardship, which has resulted in the tremendous
growth of NGOs in Ind ia over the past several years. Additionally, we
may assert that NGOs are eradicating poverty and the misery from the
lives of those who are less fortunate. Looking at the devastating state of
millions of impoverished people living below the poverty line i n India, the
development of NGOs has become essential. The development of society,
the enhancement of local communities, and motivating individuals to
actively participate all depend heavily on NGOs.

NGOs have a wide range of goals, including supporting widows and
elderly moms as well as women's empowerment, the eradication of social
ills, the facilitation of handicapped people's rehabilitation help, and
sustainable development. NGOs may concentrate their efforts, for
instance, on projects related to hea lth or medical crises, education,
infrastructure, the defence of minority rights, assistance to the
underprivileged, and the lowering of crime. These agendas are funded by
the profits generated by the NGOs' operations; no members are eligible for
dividend payments. NGOs frequently operate on a non -profit basis and
may have annual budgets in the millions. The current situation calls for a
regulatory framework to monitor the financial operations of NGOs and
volunteer groups. To assure compliance by NGOs, a Na tional
Accreditation Council made up of academics, activists, and retired
bureaucrats should be established.
Need of NGO:
a) Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial part in the
development processes since they serve as the operational arm of c ivil
society. The state needs the civil society's constructive and cooperative
participation in its different developmental initiatives.
b) According to the 2018 Human Development Index rankings, India is
ranked 130th. According to the 2018 Global Hunger I ndex, nearly 39% of munotes.in

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69 Indian children under the age of five are suffering from hunger affecting
their growth.
c) Since gaining its independence, India has had amazing economic
progress, with improvements in healthcare, education, sustainability,
eradicating poverty, self sufficiency and improvement in standard of
living. However, due to variety of reasons, there are still issues with
women, children, and underprivileged people being excluded from the
development process.
d) The emergence of social issues in v arious issues, repeated violence in
reservations, and a growing number of farmer suicides are other negative
effects of unequal growth. To save the society from such issues civil
society or organization is essential for voicing public concerns and
ensuring that minorities and underprivileged are not ignored.
e) Non-governmental organisations, or NGOs, are crucial to make
continuous efforts for development of common public resolving their
issues at par with the government.

Types of NGOs in India
NGOs can be classified according to their degree of activity and
orientation.
a. Charitable NGO
Charitable NGO runs campaigns to meet the needs of the underprivileged,
such as providing clothing, medication, food, shelter, education, and
transportation. Such NGOs also play an active role in supporting those in
need after natural disasters.
b. Service Oriented NGO
Service -oriented organisations include those that run campaigns to
advance family planning, health, and education. Such activities are divided
into progra mmes that ask for people's active involvement to ensure
smooth execution.
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70 c. Self -help projects based NGO
Self-help projects serve as a metaphor for participatory orientation since
they involve the deployment of a project by local residents who provide
resources such as money, land, equipment, labour, and materials.
Participation begins with the requirement for definition in the traditional
community development project and continues through the planning and
implementation phases. Participatory approach is a common tenet of
cooperatives.
d. Empowering NGO
The aim of the Empowering Orientation is to help those in need, develop a
knowledge of the social, political, and economic aspects that affect their
lives, and strengthen their awareness of their capacit y to control their life.
In any case, there is full individual engagement, with NGOs serving as
facilitators.
e. Community Based NGO
People's own initiatives work to bring about community -based
organisations. Women's groups, sports teams, schools, and com munity
organisations can all be included in this. There are many different kinds of
these, some of which are supported by various NGOs and have varying
operational scopes, while others operate without outside assistance. While
some are engaged in providing such services, some are dedicated to
raising awareness among the poor or improving their knowledge of their
right to obtain basic services.
f. Regional Organizations
Organizations with a city -wide focus include clubs like the Rotary or
Lion's Club, corp orate alliances, chambers of commerce and industry,
coalitions of community organisations, and associations of ethnic or
educational organisations. Others are set up specifically to serve the
objective of helping the poor, while some are there for other re asons and
get engaged in helping those in need.
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71 g. National and International NGOs
Among national NGOs include groups like the Lion, Rotary, the Red
Cross, Disha, Self Help trade associations, YMCAs/YWCAs, etc. Some of
them help nearby NGOs and have st ate and duty branches.
To raise awareness among religious groups, international NGOs include
secular organisations like the Redda B. Arana & Save the Children
agency, Care, Child Care, Oxfam, Bricks, Ford & Rockefeller
Foundations. Their efforts range from implementing the project
themselves to sponsoring local NGOs, projects, and agencies.
4.2 LAWS RELATED TO REGISTRATION OF NGO.
An organisation that works for a social cause is known as an NGO. An
NGO is a nonprofit organisation that operates independently without the
involvement of governing bodies. Depending on the task a person desires
to carry out, NGOs may be registered in our nation as Trust, Societies, or
Section 8 businesses under the 1956 Indian Companies Act).
The Process to start the NGO
The Pub lic Trust Laws of Each State, 1882, the Societies Registration Act,
1862, and the An and Companies Act 2013, are the three legislation that
may be used to register an NGO. Before registering, the following items
should be taken into account:
1. The NGO's mission and vision: A mission statement must specify the
organization's goals as well as the strategy for achieving them. A vision
statement must outline the company's goals for the future and its core
principles.
2. Establishment of the governing Body/Boa rd of Directors: The
governing body is responsible for managing the NGO's operations and
activities. It also entails hiring volunteers or paying workers, organising
initiatives, and carrying them out. The members of the governing body are
in charge of defi ning the plans for fund raising, alliances, and personnel
management, among other things. For groups that only depend on
contributions, the board is essential, thus it is preferable to have financial
advisers, auditors and experts etc.
3. NGO Registration as a Trust, Society or Company is necessary.
a. Registration as a Trust
Trusts, sometimes referred to as charitable trusts, are the earliest method
of NGO registration. A trust is a type of legal entity created by the
"trustor" or "settlor," who transfers the assets to the "trustee" for the
benefit of the beneficiaries. Trusts are established to support and inspire
the disadvantaged groups in society. There are no specific laws in India
that govern the administration of public trusts, but certain states, su ch as
Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, have their own Public Trust Acts. Any
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72 All registered trusts in India are governed by the Indian Trust Act of 1882,
which also simplifies the related legal requirements. Typically, the Trus t is
referred to as a legal structure in which the Trust's owner transfers the
relevant Trustee the relevant property (aka beneficiary). The goal of the
Trust is to make sure that the assets of the Trustor are distributed among
the beneficiaries in accorda nce with the terms stated in the Trust deed. It is
a legal process.
When a property settler transfers any property and offers its advantages
for the benefit of beneficiaries or the pursuit of public goals, a trust is
created. The primary goal of the indivi dual who forms a trust in India is to
utilize the trust's assets to further welfare of the general public and to
advance a philanthropic endeavour known as a public charity trust. Such a
trust lacks a specific beneficiary, but the large, broadly establishe d public
is the common quality. Without the involvement of the court, a trust
cannot be changed. It is one of the necessary condition for registration as
Trust. Although theoretically not subject to any national laws or
regulations, several states, includi ng Gujarat and Maharashtra, have public
trust statutes that control and monitor the operations of NGOs.
Incorporating your non -governmental organisation as a trust is one
approach to register it. The majority of organisations that register as trusts
throug h the NGO registration process strive to eradicate poverty, provide
education, and provide humanitarian aid. Trust organisations cannot be
dissolved. This basically implies that until and unless the beneficiary has
allowed such activities, these organisati ons cannot be dissolved or
changed.
When the Trust is established, the grantor appoints a trustee who is
responsible for managing the Trust and ultimately dispersing the grantor's
assets to the chosen beneficiaries. Beneficiaries of trusts are frequently a n
heir, a family member, or a charity in India. Trusts can be used to save
taxes, make the probate procedure easier or avoid it altogether, and protect
assets.
Registration procedures under the Indian Trust Act
In India, the Public Trust Act in effect as p er the state act to regulate
public trust. The procedure listed below must be performed in order to
register the Trust:
1) Read the details on Government website and confirm it. Generate your
login with your email.
2) Fill out the application form online with your login.
3) Upload the documents ask for and pay the online registration cost,
which varies based on the property's valuation.
4) The application must be filed with the trust deed, as well as other
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73 licence, a passport, an Aadhaar card, and a water or energy bill for the
address that has to be registered.
5) The Trust Body Members must appear in person at the Register Office
on the date set for registration in order for the Tru st to be registered.
b. Society Registration
Procedure to register under Societies Registration Act, 1862:
The Societies Registration Act of 1860 is responsible for managing
societies. The Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Rules and
Regulations, or bylaw s, belong to the Society. A society is a collection of
people who are committed to the advancement of knowledge, the arts,
literature, social welfare, and practical information. Additionally, groups
seek to maintain public libraries and museums as well as develop money
for military orphans.
The State Government -appointed Registrar of Societies or Commissioner
of Trusts must be contacted to register the registration fees and procedures
for Societies. A society has the option to occasionally change its MOA, as
well as its goals and workings. To qualify for tax exemption, they must be
registered with the relevant state's Registrar of Societies. Every year, a
society is required to notify the Registrar of any changes to the society's
quorum. According to the By laws' termination clause, a society may be
dissolved, and following that, it will join with another society having a
related purpose.
The Societies Act's Section 20 specifies the requirements for registering
groups and societies. You might do this in front of the Registrar of
Societies. A minimum of seven members are needed for an NGO to be
registered as a society, including the positions of President, Vice
President, Secretary, Joint Secretary, and Treasurer.
1. Prepare the documents require for formation of Society.
2. Decide on the Society's name.
3. Confirm the office address. Provide the office's address proof
4. Fill and submit application form with document in Registrar Office.
5. Provide the necessary ID proofs and documents.
6. Submit two copies of the MoA, the Society's bylaws
7. Attach approval letter from each member as an affidavit.
8. Pay the require fees and appear before the Registrar.
c. Registration as a Company
Procedure to register under the Indian Companies Act, 2013 munotes.in

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74 A public limited co mpany or a private limited company can be formed
using a similar procedure. The legal document of a Section 8 Company is
composed of the Memorandum of Agreement. Section 8 of the Companies
Act applies to any organisation that promotes "art, business, scien ce,
religion, charity, and other valuable goals." However, such an
organization's profits must be used to the society's goals rather than being
distributed as dividends to its members. The Registrar of Companies must
get the necessary authorization in orde r to register under Section 8 with
the Central Government. Similar to other organisations, Section 8 must do
the yearly compliances for company. A company must have at least two
shareholders, two Directors, and a memorandum of association through
which it will operate. The directors and shareholders may be the same
individual.
1. Read the entire details for formation of company.
2. Fill and submit form with all documents needed.
3. Check the availability of the desired company name and pay the fees.
4. Get the confirmation approval for company name.
5. Following confirmation, a request for a special license under Section 8
of the Companies Act must be sent to the Company Law Board
together with the Memorandum of Agreement and an advocate's
statement that it complies with the Companies Act.
6. Following the license's approval, you may submit an application for the
incorporation's final form.
7. Purchasing specialized licenses
A specific licensing is necessary if the NGO wants to work in a tribal
territory, in a place that needs a special permit, or if it has to hire foreign
people. A Shop and Establishment Act permission is required to create an
office. Workspaces in restricted areas or tribal zones also require inner line
permits, FCRA registration, and a no -objection letter with a work visa.
Foreign donations may also require a no -objection certificate.
International social workers who want to establish non -governmental
organisations (NGOs) in India must first get a no -objection certificate and
special approva l from the Reserve Bank of India before registering under
any of the aforementioned legislation.
Additionally, in order for donors to benefit from tax exemptions, NGOs
must apply for exemptions under Section 80G of the Income Tax Act
together with their an nual reports and the activities carried out to receive
the license under Section 12A of the Income Tax Act. To request tax
exemption from the Income Tax Authority, an NGO must be registered.

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75 Advantages of setting up an NGO in India
 A registered NGO acqui res legal status and it can utilize funding it
receives. When a person or unit gives money to a charity trust, the
money can be utilized for the trust's operations under the name of the
organisation. It can also get tax exemption.

 There is no need collect finance on an individual name and become a
tax payer. Having a bank account in the organization's name is a basic
need for functioning an NGO. It is a need to be registered as a Trust,
Society, or Section 8 Company in order to open an account. Hence
NGO c an perform all its finance transactions through its own name
and account. There si no maximum limits for such transactions.

 An organisation that is registered as an NGO promotes the ethical,
social, and legal norms of our society. Assets in an unregistere d
corporation can be taken under anyone's name and used for its benefit.
Since the NGO has social motive, it gets maximum benefits from
government.

4.3. REQUIRED DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION.
Document submission: It is crucial for the members to prepare th e Trust
Deed in the event of a Trust, bye -laws in the case of a Society, and
Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association if it is a Section
8 business as part of the legal requirements. A document must include the
following information: the NGO's registered address, registered name,
member information, rules and regulations, administration of the NGO,
working model, working location, objectives of the NGO, modes of
operation, financial information regarding fund collection and
management. It is ge nerally good to have these written with the help of
legal professionals.
A. Document Needed to Register a Trust
To register a trust, the following papers must be submitted:
1. Cover letter to the Official with Jurisdiction for Trust registration
2. Schedul e II of the application form. These documents should be duly
notarized
3. A Rs. 2 court fee stamp attached to the application form
4. Trust deed as certified copy
5. Trustees' authorization letter
6. Other essential documents like Id proofs.
These document s should be submitted to The office of the Commissioner.
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76 by the Commissioner with details like the name and address of the Trust,
trust registration number, names of the Trustees with their id proofs,
object of the Trust, vision and mission of the trust, description of
properties of the Trust, and other particulars which are essential for
registration upon submission of the application with the required
documents. The Trust or Trustee i s also given a copy of the registration
entry for their records.
B. Documents necessary for society registration
When individuals band together for a shared goal or altruistic cause, a
society is created. A society must have a minimum of seven members. All
members should be from Indian origin. The "Societies Act, 1860" also
governs these societies. Depending on the State, these may have somewhat
different laws and regulations.
For the societies to be officially recognised and registered under the
Societies Act, its purpose must be charitable reasons. The following
charity causes should be supported by these societies: Knowledge,
Science, Safeguard Historical objects, Literature, the Performing Arts,
Military Orphan Funds, Maintaining Indian Culture, Museum ,
Maintaining Library and Gallery, Grants for Charitable Assistance and any
other reason that the government may approve and can be supported.
C. Documents Needed in India to Register a Society
The following papers must be submitted in order to register a society in
India:
All members of the proposed society's PAN cards, address proof, valid
residence proof (Aadhar Card, Bank Statement, Electricity Bill, Driving
License or Passport if any) of all members must be submitted with the
application.
 Society's rules and regulations:
Additionally, the Society's Rules and Regulations, which will include the
following details, must be created.
• Rules and regulations by which the society's operations will be governed
and the maintenance of day -to-day activities
• Rules for applying for membership in the society;
• General List of Members and Office Bearers
• Information about the meetings of the society, including their frequency;
• Information about the auditors;
• Forms of arbitration in the event of a dispute between society members;
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77 Once the rules have been established, they can be modified, but the
President, Chairman, Vice President, and Secretary of the Society must
sign the modifie d regulations.
- Memorandum of Association:
The society must draught a Memorandum of Association that includes
the provisions and details listed below:
• Information about the society's operations and goals;
• Information about the members who will make up the society;
• The location of the society's registered office.
- Addressing Letter
An accompanying letter will be attached at the start of the application,
outlining the goal or reason the organisation is being founded with its
mission and vision statement . All of the society's founding members
will sign it.
- Evidence of Address
A copy of the address proof for the location of the society's registered
office, together with, if necessary, a NOC from the landlord.
- List of members of the Society
Along with their signatures, the members of the governing body must
provide a list of all members.
- Declaration by the President
The president of the proposed society must formally declare his
willingness and suitability for the position.
The Registrar of Societies must re ceive all of the aforementioned
paperwork in two copies together with the necessary payments. The
registrar will sign the first copy of the application upon receipt and return
it, holding the second copy for approval. The registrar will issue an
incorporat ion certificate by assigning a registration number to it after
properly verifying the materials.
D. Required Documents for Directors (Indian Nationals)
Indian nationals must have the following paperwork in order to create a
Section 8 company:
a) PAN Card - A PAN Card is a special identifying number that is given
out by the Income Tax Department. During the incorporation process,
directors with Indian nationality must provide their PAN.
b) Proof of Address – Proof of address may include an Aadhar Card,
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78 Passport, or Electricity Bill. The Director's name must appear on the
proof of address, just as it does on the PAN Card.
c) Residential Proof - Even though most documentary requirements
include an add ress proof, incorporating a company calls for residential
proof to substantiate the Director's address. The name of the Director
as it appears on the PAN Card must be included in the residential
evidence, just as an address proof. This record may be a bank
statement, an electricity bill, a phone bill, or a mobile bill.
E. Required Documents for Directors (Foreign Nationals)
To form a corporation in India, foreign people must present the following
documents:
a) Passport - As apparent as it may seem, a passport is the most important
document that a foreign national must keep. A passport must be
notarized in the nation where it was issued in order to be valid under
this clause. If the document is written in another language, an official
translator must translate i t into English.
b) Address evidence - Address evidence for a foreign national must be
notarized, as in the instance mentioned above. The name of the
Director as it appears in the passport must be included in the
documentation that has been provided. This docu ment may be an
address -containing driver's license, residency card, bank statement, or
other document issued by the government.
c) Proof of Registered Office - When registering or within 30 days of the
company's establishment, any of the following papers must be
provided as proof of the registered office:
 A registered document containing the company's legal title to the
building housing its registered office.
 A notarized copy of the lease or rental agreement in the business's
name, together with a recent one -month rent payment receipt copy.
 Additionally, A landlord's consent and other Documentation
supporting any utility service is required.
F. Documents to be submitted by Shareholders
On behalf of all of the company's shareholders, the identification and
address verification of each shareholder must be provided. A Certificate of
Incorporation of the Body Corporate must be included with the resolution
issued by the Body Corporate to subscribe to the shares of the company
under incorporation whether the sharehol der is a corporate body or
Association of Persons (AOP). Such documents are essential part of
submission process.

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79 - Memorandum and Articles of Association
There is no set structure for the formation of AOA; the MOA for Section 8
firms must be filed in INC 13. The core of any incorporation, whether a
private/public limited company or a Section 8 business, is the
Memorandum and Articles of Association. While the latter governs the
internal administration of the firm, the former establishes the company's
chart er and dictates the fundamental nature of its operations.
Each subscriber to the memorandum must sign these important documents
in the presence of at least one witness, including their name, residence,
employment, and other pertinent information. These wi tnesses must
include their basic information in the documents and authenticate their
signatures.
4.4. REVENUE SOURCES OF NGO
Fundraising for an Indian NGO
Private individuals contribute significantly to the funding of NGOs. Some
of these funds come from affluent individuals, although NGOs rely far
more on little donations than they do on a few large ones. Professional
fund-raisers are becoming more and more necessary for the nonprofit
sector in order to keep operations running efficiently, achieve financi al
stability, and ensure sustainability. The issue is a dearth or paucity of such
qualified fund -raisers. Prior to now, the majority of NGOs received
funding from abroad. NGOs are non -profit organisations that rely on a
variety of financing sources to cove r their operating expenses. The monies
are crucial because they support both short - and long -term aims and keep
NGOs operating. In other words, fundraising activities are essential to the
success and continuation of NGOs. However, there has been a sharp
decrease in the amount and frequency of foreign funding as a result of
more stringent monitoring, FCRA regulations (Foreign Contribution
Regulation Act), the western economic downturn, and a change in India's
international perspective regarding foreign fundi ng agencies. On the other
hand, "Internet and Social Media," which is the most beneficial and active
fundraising tool, is seizing the spotlight. In the current environment, the
lessons for the Indian NGO sector are fairly obvious.
The selling of goods and services, membership fees, charitable
foundations, for -profit businesses in the private sector, state and federal
governments, grants from municipal and private donors, and membership
fees are all examples of funding sources.
Many NGOs rely substantially o n government money to run, despite their
autonomy. Some government financing for NGOs could be viewed as
contentious since it might promote particular political aims instead of a
nation's development objectives.

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80 How to raise funds for an NGO in India
Here are 12 different methods that NGOs might generate money for
charitable causes:
a. Organizing Events:
Putting together an event is a tried -and-true way to raise money and
support for a cause. A well -planned event can raise a lot of money, but one
should w eigh the resources used against the anticipated benefits. It is
advisable to select or create an activity that may be repeated rather than
picking a one -time event (e.g. annually). As a result, by repeating an
event, the organisers' experience and public a wareness can develop, and
earnings frequently increase as well. Many groups opt to host an event
when they raise money for the first time. There are countless different
event categories, and fresh, inventive events are created daily.
Examples include: Walk athons, where participants walk or run while
being sponsored by their network of friends, family, and coworkers;
Charity dinners and lunches, which may be free or expensive or exclusive
to wealthy people; Cultural evenings featuring music, dance, theatre, and
storytelling and rallies.

b. Services from Youth and children
Young people will be involved in the cause and a solid foundation for
future support will be laid by fundraising alongside them. The goal of
getting youth and students to understand the wo rk of the organisation
should always be linked with the goal of raising funds from them.
Children often have more time than money, but they also have access to
their family's assistance. A school may have a sponsored run in which
parents, relatives, and fr iends donate money to support the students. The
students are talented with performance skills in music or physical
activities. By showing talents to the public the finance can be generated
from youth. Even they can disseminate information of all activities house
to house by distributing invitations. They can collect waste products and
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81 c. Personal meetings with donors
Meeting potential contributors in person presents fantastic opportunity to
raise support and money. Personal interaction has a greater influence than
any other type of communication, after all. Depending on the magnitude
of the contribution you want to ask for, personal solicitation is a time -
consuming method of raising money that may take some effort b efore the
connection and trust have reached the point where you can make the
request. Having a meeting with the donor at his or her house or inviting
the contributor to visit your organisation or initiative is the well known
way of fund raising from the do nors or organize an e -mailing campaign
for staff members: prepare an e -mail, which can easily be adapted and
forwarded by staff to friends and relatives, which shortly describes what
the organisation is doing and how people can get involved. When
organisin g an event, encourage existing donors to bring some friends to
the event. The more attractive your event, the more easy it is for others to
convince friends to come along to donate funds for NGO.
d. Business Collaborations
Corporate collaborations sometim es include involve matching gift
policies, under which the corporation will give an amount equal to any
contributions made by its workers. For nonprofit groups, forming business
relationships may be a significant source of funding. You could discover
that businesses are eager to sponsor or subsidise your organization's
activities or events given the emphasis that many enterprises place on
social responsibility, particularly if your group's efforts are in line with the
company's goal or values. Businesses th at collaborate with NGOs may
donate their personnel or executives to the latter to assist in fundraising
efforts or as volunteers.
e. Fundraising via a network
Network fundraising can be carried out via email, human contact, or social
media sites like Face book. Any organisation can use this kind of
fundraising, but it excels when it has strong connections with the media,
journalists, and/or a sizable.
You approach potential contributors through your own networks and
connections when you engage in network fu ndraising, also known as
friend -raising. A "friend -to-friend" strategy is effective anywhere and can
be applied. This approach is particularly successful if you engage with so -
called "connectors," or people who have a large network and are well -
known and r espected in their community and are willing to spread the
word within their network. However, any current donor or other well -
wisher might also serve as a reliable source to attract new donations. To
further the cause, an organization's own employees and b oard members
might be involved. When asked directly by someone they know and
respect as opposed to a complete stranger, people are more likely to
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f. Resource Mobilization
Support in kind may be a very effective extra method to raising money f or
the organisation and its cause. Donations in kind are much more
frequently accepted than monetary contributions by the public. Both
people and businesses must follow this. Examples: A educational
institutions can contribute with free computer literacy t raining. Students
supply notepads and pencils for the project's participants' students.
A local resident in the project's neighbourhood donates a essential food
items or articles of regular use; A local shopkeeper supplies afternoon
refreshments. A local c ompany or community facility provides a meeting
room or office space or local vendors can supply free office stationery and
papers. the NGOs in the area organises a clothing drive for the recipients.
g. Volunteer Help
Fundraising can also be helped by volu nteers. Volunteers are welcome at
the headquarters and can lend a hand with regular office tasks or offer a
specific skill. Interested Volunteers may contribute significantly to an
organisation, providing extra time and knowledge at a far lesser cost than
hiring a paid employee. Many organisations also enlist volunteers to help
them carry out their programmes, at least in part. However, there are
certain costs associated with utilising volunteers since they require
oversight and payment for related expenses , such as travel.
Examples include an expert can offer their guidance free of charge
whereas retired lawyers can provide free legal help where an NGO can
save such expenses if needed. Retired teacher can visit to schools to raise
awareness of the cause, a retired bank employee can guide about the funds
operating for savings and utilization. The web designer can take a
responsibility for maintaining online resources and dissemination of
information in online mode whereas a professional counsellor offering
free counselling. The tax experts or auditors can help in finance related
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h. Inviting donors
The most reliable and consistent source of funding and the most efficient
method to manage an organizatio n is through regular donations. The
alumni of the schools and colleges can donate heavily to the welfare of
NGOs run by school. When donors have an emotional connection and
when their engagement is well -nurtured, they continue to donate for a very
long per iod. A tried -and-true strategy to keep contributors engaged for a
long time is to seek out frequent donors. This strategy connects the gift to
the aid of a particular beneficiary or project. It encourages donors to make
yearly or monthly contributions. Exi sting contributors respond well to this
kind of donating. Examples include sponsoring a child's education or
helping poor alumni of the schools can be done. Such drive of collecting
funds will attract donors to contribute money on a monthly or yearly
basis.
i. Door to door collection of funds
A collection's strength is its ability to eventually reach a very broad
audience. The role of volunteers is crucial in collections of funds on door
to door basis. Collections may be an effective approach for raising m oney.
Different types of collections include: Street collections, where collectors
approach people on the street to solicit donations. Collection boxes in
stores, businesses, or public places. Collection boxes at the homes of an
organization's supporters. Examples include a donation box at a small
store in the neighbourhood, and a donation box at a store or hotel in a
large city that is run by someone from the neighborhood where the
organisation operates or a donation box at a hotel near the organisation,
Collections in temples and among the local community, House -to-house
collections, where a person visits homes and solicits support. A collection
can affect a cause's awareness -raising efforts and publicity in addition to
earning money.
j. Sales of goods
The benefit of product sales is that customers get something tangible in
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84 they use the goods. This entails the sale of goods from which the
organisation receives a portion of the revenues, pr eferably a sizable
portion. Examples include selling greeting cards or other products
manufactured by organisation beneficiaries, holding a small market sale of
homemade goods like cakes, pastries, breads, etc., and other selling items
contributed by spons ors. However, it may also be a financially sound
business that calls for a totally different skill set from an organisation. You
may consider goods created by the company, its clients, the
neighbourhood, or those manufactured "in license" and distributed t hrough
business channels. Therefore, it is advised to conduct extensive study,
work with skilled partners, and start small sales.
k. Online appeal for fund raising
Online fundraising has truly taken off in the last 10 years. This technical
development open s up a huge possibility for fundraising through social
networks, mobile phones, and online giving platforms like Social For
Action (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter). However, we are aware that
certain continents and nations have considerably more robust inter net
connectivity than others. But it is true that things are changing fairly
quickly practically everywhere in the world. The speed, adaptability,
affordability, extensive reach, and online assistance that this sort of
fundraising offers are the clear bene fits of e -giving. Online fundraising is
frequently linked with other offline, live activities like events. This
platform is one of the most popular platform for fund raising in our nation.
l. Funding from Public
The funding from public option has the pote ntial to become viral and may
be used to swiftly generate funds for an unanticipated need that needs to
be addressed right away, such as unexpected repairs to the facility where
your organisation offers community services, or to raise funds for a
specific project. Using a crowd funding site like Social For Action might
be an excellent alternative if you're searching for a quick method to
generate money. With this choice, you may quickly and simply reach out
to potential contributors who may be able to provi de gifts of all amounts.
4.5 SUMMARY
In India, the word "NGO" refers to a broad range of organizations,
including non -governmental, quasi -governmental, and non -voluntary
groups. These organizations are registered under a special Act of the
government (the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in India), even though
they are not a part of the government. They also have a legal standing.
NGOs rely on a range of financing sources, including membership fees,
individual contributions, and government subsidies.
Need of NGO:
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial part in the
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85 society. The state needs the civil society's constructive and cooperative
participation in its different develop mental initiatives.
Functions of Non -Governmental Organizations
a. Support to resolve issues
b. Bringing social issues to awareness of people
c. Increasing government efficiency
d. Focus on Community Involvement
e. Act for Accountability and transparency
Types of NGO in India
a. Charitable NGO
b. Service Oriented NGO
c. Self -help projects based NGO
d. Empowering NGO
e. Community Based NGO
f. Regional Organizations
g. National and International NGOs
Laws related to NGO
An organisation that works for a s ocial cause is known as an NGO. An
NGO is a nonprofit organisation that operates independently without the
involvement of governing bodies. Depending on the task a person desires
to carry out, NGOs may be registered in our nation as Trust, Societies, or
Section 8 businesses under the 1956 Indian Companies Act).
Revenue sources of NGO
a. Organizing Events
b. Services from Youth and children
c. Personal meetings with donors
d. Business Collaborations
e. Fundraising via a network
f. Resource Mobilization
g. Volunteer Help
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86 i. Door to door collection of funds
j. Sales of goods
k. Online appeal for fund raising
l. Funding from Public
4.6 SELF STUDY
1. What is NGO? Discuss the process of formation of NGO.
2. What are the funding sources for NGO ?
3. Discuss the types of NGO and documents required for formation of it.
4. Discuss the laws related to NGO with examples.

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