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@85$ 8h >8Xo(Immediateconstituents)A8E@85>8X H;8I8868 8 52H 8 8 E @%889I8 688 8 8 9 8;889B68T885 S T88@88=&88E S 8A8E@85>8X H;8I88A 8E3H8$ 8: ?86 8$ 8h >8XT8 8@85>8X H;8I8F S 88%88;8=>8X = ? 8F ;8U'8 6 8 8 F ; 8 8 D @ '8 ?8@85$ 8h >8XAF->8X 68F>8X 8 5(88EH8$ 8: ?86 8@85K85*885I88EK885*8H8FH8F8 @ 8 ? 8 8 ? 8 @%889I86889%8S 88=8 8 8 9 8;889B6889%8 S 88=T88;88? 8[ T 885;8U6888FS8%88>8^T88S T88;88? 8/ 8E%8= A 8E89%8188C8I88 8 8 9 8;8U 89? 8T 88FC8I8T88B8FI8;8b? 88E868F89= >8XI 8@85= S 8I88%88B8E;8= 5;8 = FI8F%88;8= H8FHT888 8 A F? 8 %88>8^T885S 8F89%8(H8F88>8X = ? 88I88?T885 I 88E3;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8
@85$ 8h >8XA8(8KB%88;8= H8FH888 8 A F A8E@85>8X H;8I88"B8 A =  8 8 ST 8 888*88= F@86 8C 8G I8$8 F? 8 8T8F ! H8 "B8 3< 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8X*88%8? 8<8F H88T88%88>8^T8868*T8F3< 8 = 8EK8T88;8B8( 88E389%8%8F>8XT88;8B8S88@85K85*88 8 A F ?88F S 8@85K85*83< 8 = 8EK8T88;8B8S883*88%8? 8<8F H88T88;8B8( 88EI88A 8E ->8X 8;88? 8/ 8E%8=3< 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8X*88%8? 8<8 FH 8 8T8 8=S 8I 8F S 8FB8FI868GH8$ 8h >8X 85 68*T8F89%8(H8F88>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F  < 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8X 8 8 8 9 8 *88%8? 8<8F H88 AFT88;88? 8/ 8E%8= 8EH8;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A F? 8 T88; 8: L8E H8;88? 8/ 8E%8= < 8= 8EK8 8 8 8 9 8 89%8%8F>8X AF->8X 8= S 8I8F68*88EH8;8U' 8688F;88D@ ' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A F? 8?8= *88%8? 8 8 8 8 9 8< 8 FH 8 8 AFB:@8)T 88= S 8I8F68*88EH8;8U' 8688F;88 D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A F? 8 (8F%8h S T88;88? 8/ 8E%8= < 8= 8EK8 
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@85$ 8h >8XA8E@85>8X H;8I888 8  8 & 8 8 E@;8f>8X = T88? 88 8 H 8 8 E 89%8? 8= 88 8 8 9 8;8U89? 8T 88FC8I88 8 BF( 8 T885 S T88@88A8TT88I 8F@85= S 8I88%88B8E81T88@8>8X 85I88E;8B= S8I885S8 F%8< 884>8X = 8>8FX H8F8 8 A F ?8FB8FI8;8U>8X 8=;8:L 8EH8;8U6888F8 8 A F? 8  85? 8 ;8B;8U*88I8

;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X 8IT8;8B;8U*88I8(exocentric);8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8XCT 8 8= S 8I88568*T8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8$ 8h >8X 85;8J>8 X 8E->8X$ 8h >8X;8U68: &88 @ 8 ? 8 8 F8 8 8 9 8?T88$ 8h >8X 8S 8F?T88@85 ;8G 8=S 8I 8F S T88C8 8 < 8 8 E;8U89? 8T 88FC8I8>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F8 ( 8 8=S 8I 8F H88385? 8 ;8B;8U*88I86A  8 ? 8 8 ? 8 %8= 8EM
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89%8%8F%8X A8E
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88A F ?T886 8: /F?T885 S 8F;8U89? 8T 88FC8I8>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F T8F '8F389%8%8F>8XAF;8B3< 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8XT88=S 8I 8F ?88E H8;8U*88I8$ 8h >8X
l= ? 8 8 F T88" H8h>8X 8A 8E=S8I88568*T8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X 85;8J>8X 8E>8X 8F8? 88S 8$ 8h >8X;8U*88I8$ 8h >8X8 8 A F8 @ 8 F6A  8 ? 8 8T8F ?8I88A 8E>8X 8= 8>8X 8F8? T88A 8E$ 8h >8X 8S 8F;8U89? 8T 88FC8I8@85 ;8G 8=S 8I 8F S T88@' 88I88E>8X = ? 88T8F ?8I88A 8E 8 ( 8 8=S 8I 8 85 I 8838 IT 8 ;8 B;8 U*88I8@85$ 8h >8X6A  8 ? 8 8 ? 8 8 ( 8 8;8U>8X 8= F%88>8^T889%8S 88=>8X = ? 88I88% 88>8^T8868*88EH8;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8$ 8h >8X 85S 8889%8S 88=>8X = ? 8>8X = ? 88 58 9? 8 68$ 8h >8X 85;8T8O? 8C8 8 T 8 S8 F8 @ 8 ? 8 F ;8:L 8EH8"B8A = 88%8QI8A 8EAF@;8f>8X = ? 88T8F ! H8  89%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H88  K8)T88S 889B%8@885I85? 8=89%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H888 8 8 9 8;8= ? 88 8 H 8 8 T88?88E H8;889A HT 88%88>8^T88? 889%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H88AF?88E I 8;8U' 868 8F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A F? 8 T88B8FI8%88>8^T885;8J>8X 8E;889A HT 88%8 8>8^T8868*T8F89%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H88T88?88E I 8A8E(8KB85S 88@8=/@85K85*88 @ 8 H T 8 8 I8 F?T885 S 88@8AC 88I%8T8H88<8?88 @ 8 H T 8 8 S8 F89 B@8G I8T8F ?8F ?T 8 8 68 :/F8 ( 8 8%88>8^T885S 8F89%8(H8F888 8 ;8  8@8AC 8;8b? 88EI8F>8X Q(8>8X ? 88F ;8= 5? 8:B:@8)T 88%88>8^T8868*88EH8@85K85*8A88 @ 8 8@8=/I8@8HT 8 8I8F?T88?88E H8(8KB85S 88?8@88@8=/8I%8T8H88%8? 88T8F ?8I88A 8E K88= >8X 8!I8F;8889A HT 88@8%8= 8EH8B:@8)T 88%88>8^T88 ? 8B8FI8";8$ 8h >8X@88;82 ?88?8  K8)T88S 889B%8@88I85? 8=89%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H88 ;8= ? 88 8 H 8 8 ;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8XT88@85>8X H;8I8FS T888 5< 8 8 I8 F?8; 88@8G I 8;8889A H8F?8=T88% 88>8^T8868*T8F?88E I 8$ 8h >8X85? 818G? 88 @ 8 H T 8 8 S8 F8 8 L / GI8T8F ?8F  K8)T88S 889B%8@88I85? 8=89%8%8F>8X K88< 8F? 8<8F H88  ;8= ? 88 8 H 8 8 AF889*8>8X@;8f>8X = T88@88l8E;8:L 8EH8= F&88>8X ? 88E";8 T 8 :\8 Xl= FH 8 munotes.in

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@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A F ? 8 AFl= %8? 88I88T88$ 8h >8X 8568*88E H8@85 $ 8hI88*T88I88? 8$8 F 8 F<8=C 8F S 8F8 8 A F A8E@85 $ 8hI88%88>8^T8868*T8F>8X 8T8= ? 88 @ 8  8 8 )T88>8X 8T8H888E@85K85*885%8QI8H8 88?8$T88%88EH88<8?8F T88S 8F>8X 8= 83K88 < 8F? 8<8F H88AF->8X>8X 8T8H888E8 ' 8 ;8 G 8 ;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 8 9 83K8) T88S 889B%8@88I85? 8=A8B:@8= 8@85$ 8h >8X8 8 A FAF*T88I88? 8$ T88%8FH88<8? 8F %8= 8EH888>8X ? 88E68 *T8F(8F%8h 8E89 6 8/ 8H8F H8FK8)T88S 889B%8@88I85? 8=89%8%8F>8XK88< 8F? 8<8F H888 8 8 9 8;8= ? 88 8 H 8 8AF38589? 868
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@85$ 8h >8XA8E@85>8X H;8I8 8%88>8^T889%8(H8F88>8X = ? 88I88>8X 8A 8ENf8,I88E68 A \% 8 8 S8 8 El= ? 8 F T8 8@85>8X H;8I8F68:/ F;88= 5;889= >8X%88>8^T889%8S 88= 868*88EH8? 8>8X (88@88ET8@85>8X H;8I88h8/G I 8%88>8^T889%8(H8F88>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F ? T88S 8K8= 8FK8=;88= 5;889= >8X%88>8^T8;8' 8>8^>8X = 8868*T8FA 8E;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8$ 8h >8X 85S T8889%8(H8F88868:/ FA8E>8X H;8I88K8= 8ES 8@8: @;8f8 8 8 9 889%8>8X 89@8? 8+8 8 H 8 8 E ;88= 5;889= >8X%88>8^T8;8' 8>8^>8X = 8868*T8FA 8E"_F(8;8G= >8X%889%8*8FT8;8G= >8XT88@85>8X H;8I88568*T8F;8 B85ST 88389%8@? 88= 8S 88E
@85>8X H;8I88B2H8FH88EA8F ?88E ;88= 5;889= >8X%T88>8X = 8868*T8F89%889(8f;8U>8X 8= F%88>8^T88S 8F;8' 8>8^>8X = 8>8X = T88S 888 8 < 8 UA8 @ 8 F;8= 5? 8:?T885 S 88N8Df >8 X 8FI888B F(88? 68>8X8 @ 8 H T 8 8 68 :/ F?T88;8' 8>8^>8X = 88688< 8S T8889I8>8X 885S 88E%8? 8\ %885S 88E#8X 8= ( 88ES8 S8 8 %889 B8^T88S 8889%8S 88=>8X = ?88I883;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8XA8E@85>8X H;8I88@88A 8T T8>8Xl= ? 8 F %88>8^T88S 8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85 $ 8h> 8X6A  8 C8 F"_F(88 8 8 9 889%8*8FT8A8EB8FIA 8 E8 8 A F? 8 "_F(88S 8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X68 G/"_F(88 8 8 9 8"_F(889%8@? 88=AF8 8 A F? 8 ?T88S 8; 8U 6 888F89%8*8FT8>8X 8S 8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8@85$ 8h >8X6A  8 C8 F68 G/89%8*8FT88 8 8 9 889%8*8FT889%8@? 88=AF8 8 A F? 8 C8 :IT 8 8%T88>8X = 88S T881888F68*T8FT88?88E H868 G/"_F(88H88>8X ? 888 8 8 9 868 G/89%8*8FT88H8889R8X T88;8B6A h H 8 FC8 8 ? 8A8F ?8F 8 @ 8 F8 @ 8 H 8 F?8=8E;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8 ? 8@85$ 8h >8X 85c8= 8%88>8^T885S 8881T88@8>8X = T88S T88;8b? 88E68*T8F>8X 8A 8EB8F88 8 L / ? 8 8 ? 8 >8X 8= 8>8X 8A 8E%88>8^T885S 8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8$ 8h >8X 8568*T8F89%8(H8F88>8X = ? 88I88%8F< 8%8F< 8/ F89%8188C8I8>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F8 8 8 9 8? T88 68*T8FI8F68>8FX>8X 8F8? 8F&8=FT88K8_H8@8589B< *8? 8889 I86 88 8A8 F ? 8 F "B8 3?88F< 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8X*88%8? 8<8F H88T88=S 8I 8F S 8F;8U' 8688F;88D@' 8? 8$ 8h >8X ? 8 8 F  < 8= 8EK889%8%8F>8X*88%8? 8<8F H88 8 @ 8 F89%8188C8I8>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F8 >8X %88 ? 8 8 F$8 = 8 E*88%8? 8<8F H88 = 8 68 8 @ 8 FA 8 E89%8188C8I8>8X = ? 88T8F ?8F T88 ?88E H8>8X 8F8? 8 F%#&
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Page 77

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Page 78

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