MSc Zoology Oceanography1_1 Syllabus Mumbai University by munotes
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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
M.Sc. in Zoology: SEMESTER III and IV
Credit Based Semester and Grading System
to be implemented from the Academic Year 2013-2014.
PREAMBLE
BOS in Zoology during its meeting constituted a pyramid committee, to revise the syllabi in Zoology,
with Dr. M. K. Pejaver as the Chairperson and Senior Teachers from affiliated Colleges as Jt.
Chairperson, one each for UG and PG programmes. The class‐wise syllabus committees were
constituted in accordance with inclusive policy of the BOS with an aim to provide faculty at large
hands on training and exposure to work on syllabus committees which will go a long way in taking
our subject ahead in future when these experienced staff members would shape the subject after a
decade. With the introduction of Credit Based Semester and Grading System and continuous
evaluation consisting of components of internal assessment and external assessment by the
esteemed University, the syllabus in Zoology was revised for M.Sc. Sem I and II to be implemented
with effect from 2012‐13, after approval by concerned authorities of the University.
Vide University Circular No. APD/Misc. ‐01/407/of 2011 dated 12/12/2011, contents of letter from K.
P. Singh, Joint Secretary, UGC No. D.O.F1‐1/2009‐(CPP‐II) dated 29/11/2011 were notified to the
faculty in Zoology. As per the letter an expert committee was constituted by the UGC to look into
the
issue of discontinuation of dissection of live animals in the laboratory experiments in Zoology/ Life
Sciences at UG and PG levels. The guidelines prepared by the expert committee and approved by
UGC were notified with a viewpoint to ensure compliance of the guidelines.
A special meeting of Heads of Zoology
Departments of all the Colleges affiliated to the University
was convened on 17th August 2012 for deliberation on recommendation of expert committee
appointed by the UGC regarding the discontinuation of dissection of live animals in laboratory
experiments in Zoology / Life Sciences at UG and PG level.
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In accordance with the deliberations in the above meeting, draft syllabus for M.Sc. SEMESTER ‐III and
IV in Zoology, suitably revised, to be implemented in the Credit Based Semester and Grading System
was prepared by the committee under the guidance of pyramid committee. The draft was circulated
among the heads and senior teachers of the Department of Zoology of various colleges for approval
and suggestions.
In meeting of the BOS geld on 12th December, the draft was approved and it was resolved to
implement the revised syllabus of Zoology at M.Sc. SEMESTER ‐III and IV and make it effective from
the Academic Year 2013‐2014 after approval from concerned authorities of the University.
Chairman
Board of Studies in Zoology
University of
Mumbai
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M.Sc. Semester III and IV
Zoology- Biotechnology--Oceanography and Fishery Science
Credit Based Semester and Grading System.
To Be Implemented from the Academic Year 2013-2014.
Semester –III
Theory
Course Unit TOPIC Credits L / Week
PSZOBT301
I The implications of recombinant DNA
technology of commercial products and
microbial synthesis
4
1
II Large scale culture & production from
recombinant microorganisms & genetically
engineered animal cells
1
III Medical Biotechnology 1
IV Environmental Biotechnology I 1
PSZOBT302 I Genome management and analysis
4 1
II Manipulation of gene expression in
prokaryotes
1
III Bioinformatics 1
IV Animal biotechnology and Human therapies 1
PSZOOCN303 I General Oceanography
4 1
II Physical Oceanography 1
III Chemical Oceanography 1
IV Biological Oceanography 1
PSZOOCN304 I Planktology
4 1
II Fish and Fishery Science 1
III Biotechnology in Fishery and Biometric
Studies 1
IV Aquaculture 1
16 16
Practicals
PSZOBT3P1 Practicals based on PSZOBT 301 2 4
PSZOBT3P2 Practicals based on PSZOBT 302 2 4
PSZOOCN3P3 Practicals based on PSZOOCN 303 2 4
PSZOOCN3P4 Practicals based on PSZOOCN 304 2 4
Total 08 16
TOTAL 24 32
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.
SEMESTER –IV
Theory
Course Unit TOPIC Credits L / Week
PSZOBT401 I Microbial synthesis of commercial products
4 1
II Large scale culture & production for
industrial biotechnology 1
III Agricultural Biotechnology 1
IV Environmental Biotechnology II 1
PSZOBT402 I Genome management
4 1
II Manipulation of gene expression in
eukaryotes 1
III The human genome project 1
IV Regulations and patents in biotechnology 1
PSZOOCN403 I General Oceanography
4 1
II Physical Oceanography 1
III Chemical Oceanography 1
IV Biological Oceanography 1
PSZOOCN404 I Planktology
4 1
II Fish and Fishery Science 1
III Biotechnology in Fishery and Biometric
Studies 1
IV Aquaculture 1
16 16
Practicals
PSZOBT4P1 Practicals based on PSZOBT4P1 2 4
PSZOBT4P2 Practicals based on PSZOBT4P2 2 4
PSZOOCN4P3 Practicals based on PSZOOCN 403 2 4
PSZOOCN4P4 Practicals based on PSZOOCN 404 2 4
Total 08 16
TOTAL 24 32
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M.Sc. Semester III and IV
Zoology- Biotechnology--Oceanography and Fishery Science
Credit Based Semester and Grading System.
To Be Implemented from the Academic Year 2013-2014.
SEMETER – III
THEORY
PSZOBT301
PSZOBT301: Basics of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology I
Unit I: The implications of recombinant DNA technology of commercial
products and microbial synthesis 15
1.1. The implications of recombinant DNA technology
1.1.1 *General account on applications of biotechnology
1.1.2 *Commercialization of biotechnology & biotech companies
1.1.3 Prospects of novel food technology
1.1.4 Economics of microbial biotechnology
1.1.5 Areas of significant public concern: Antibiotic resistance marker gene, transfer
of allergies, pollen transfer from GM plants, social, moral & ethical issues
associated with GMOs.
1.2 Amino acids & their commercial use – produ ction strain, process of L-glutamate, L-
aspartate, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan.
Unit II: Large scale culture & production from recombinant microorganisms 15
& genetically engineered animal cells
2.1. Large scale culture & production from recombinant microorganisms:
2.1.1 Batch fermentation
2.1.2 Fed batch fermentation
2.1.3Continuous fermentation
2.1.4 *Maximizing the efficiency of fermentation process
2.1.5 Harvesting, disrupting & downstream processing 2.2. Large scale culture & production from genetically engineered animal cell cultures:
2.2.1Design of bioreactors for large scale animal cell culture-Batch, Fed batch
2.2.2 Mammalian cell lines & their characteristics
2.2.3 Media for the cultivation of mammalian cells
2.2.4 *Commercial products produced with mammalian cell culture
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Unit III: Medical Biotechnology 15
3.1. Sub-unit vaccines
3.1.1 *Sub-unit Vaccine production against viruses-Herpes simplex, Bovine foot &
mouth disease virus
3.1.2 Peptide vaccines-synthetic drugs (engineered proteins)
3.1.3 Genetic immunization-DNA vaccines, Antisense DNA, Therapeutic ribozymes
3.1.4 *Live recombinant vaccines
3.1.5 *Attenuated vaccines against Cholera, Salmonella sp.
3.1.6 Vector vaccines-Vaccine directed against viruses-
Rabies virus G-protein, Hepatitis B surface antigen
3.1.7 Anti-idiotypic vaccine for cancer treatment
3.2. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) & therapeutic applications:
3.2.1 mAbs for prevention of re jection of transplanted organs
3.2.2 Treatment of bacterial blood infection 3.2.3 Human monoclonal antibodies
3.2.4 Hybrid human-mouse monoclonal antibodies
3.2.5 HIV therapeutic agents
3.2.6 Anti-tumour antibodies
Unit IV: Environmental Biotechnology I 15
4.1. Biomass utilization 4.1.1 Microorganisms in lignocellulose degradation
4.1.2 Isolation of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cellulase gene
4.1.3 Manipulation of cellulase gene 4.1.4 Production of single cell proteins by using biomass as raw material
4.1.5 Commercial production of fructose and alcohol from biomass
4.1.6 Improvements of fructose and alcohol production
4.1.7 Fuel ethanol from biomass
4.2. Bioremediation of aerobic compounds
4.2.1 Characteristics of xenobiotics in the environment
4.2.2 Characteristics of aerobic microorganisms for degradation of organic pollutants
4.2.3 Genetic engineering of biodegradative pathways-
Manipulation by transfer of plasmid, manipulation by gene alteration
4.2.4 *Degradation of xenobiotic compounds-petroleum products, n-alkanes, alkenes,
cycloaliphatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons,
chlorinated organic compounds (aliphatic & aromatic)
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
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PSZOBT302
PSZOBT302: GENETIC ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES AND ITS APPLICATONS
Unit I: Genome management and analysis 15
1.1 The Basic tools of genetic engineering
1.1.1 Chemical Synthesis of DNA-Oligonucleotide synthesis by
Phosphoramidite method, Synthesis of genes
1.1.2 *DNA Sequencing -- Maxam-Gilbert method, Sanger’s
dideoxynucleotide method, By using bacteriophage M13
By Primer walking
1.1.3 Polymerase chain reacti on and its advantages
1.2 Cloning Vectors
1.2.1 *General purpose plasmid vectors (pUC19, pBR322)(Bacterial
Vectors)
1.2.2 Bacteriophage and cosmid vectors
1.2.3 Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)
1.3 Analysis of genome/proteome
1.3.1 DNA fingerprinting/physical mapping /pulsed field gel electrophoresis
1.3.2 Analysis of the proteome
1.3.3 Analysis of mRNA transcripts
Unit II: Manipulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 15 2.1 Promoters of gene expression in prokaryotes
2.1.1 Prokaryotic gene expression
2.1.2 Isolation of functional promoters
2.1.3 Promoter selection with E.coli plasmid pBR316
2.1.4 *Promoter selection with plasmid pKO1
2.1.5 Gene expression from strong and regulatable promoters
2.2 Expression of cloned genes in prokaryotes
2.2.1 Increasing protein production and secretion
2.2.2 *Inclusion bodies and fusion proteins
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2.2.3 Unidirectional tandem gene arrays
2.2.4 Translation expression vectors
2.2.5 Increasing protein stability
Unit III: Bioinformatics 15 3.1 Uses and application of co mputers in biological sciences
3.2 *DNA profiling: cDNA and EST’s (expressed sequence tags)
3.3 Basic research with DNA microarrays and its application in
healthcare.
3.4 Biomedical genome research and pharmaco genomics
3.5 *Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
3.6 Human genomic variation-SNP’s (single nucleotide
polymorphisms,SNP’s and disease; QTL (quantitative trait loci) and its relation to SNP’s
3.7 Satellite DNA and its types
Unit IV: Animal biotechnology and Human therapies 15 4.1
Animal Biotechnology
4.1.1 *Transgenic animals and their applications:
Mice as model system for human diseases and as test case
model,Cows, pigs, sheep, goats as biopharmaceuticals
Transgenic insects and birds
4.1.2 Recombinant DNA technology to prevent animal diseases
4.1.3 Conservation biology-Embryo transfer
4.1.4 Regulation of transgenic animals and patenting genetically
engineered animals
4.2 Human therapies
4.2.1 Tissue engineering: Skin, liver, pancreas
4.2.2 *Xenotransplantation
4.2.3 Antibody engineering
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4.2.4 Cell adhesion based therapies: Integrins, Inflammation, Cancer
and metastasis
4.2.5 Targeted gene replacement for correcting a mutated gene
4.2.6 Site directed mutagenesis *marked topics are to be taken for seminar
PSZOOCN303- GENERAL, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY
UNIT I: GENERAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
1.1 Terminology of submarine topography
Continental shelf, continental slope, submarine canyons, submarine mountain
ranges, Guyots and trenches with special reference to the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas.
* 1.2 A general knowledge of typical ocea nographic research vessel and its
equipments, oceanographic labs and stations of the world and India.
UNIT II: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
2.1 Physical properties of sea water:
Salinity, Chlorinity, Temperature, Light, Density, Pressure, Salinity-Temperature-
Density relationship (STD) .
2.2 Oceanographic circulation:
Ekman spiral, geotropic current, westward intensification with dynamic topography.
UNIT III: CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
* 3.1 Composition of sea water- constancy of its composition and factors affecting the
composition, major and minor constituents, trace elements and their biological role.
3.2 Dissolved gases in the sea water and their role in the environment, CO 2 system,
dissolved O 2 and oxygen profile, hydrogen sulphide.
3.3 Nutrients in the ocean, their cycles and factors influencing their distribution
a) Nitrogen b) Phosphorus c) Silicon.
UNIT IV: BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
*4.1 Sea as a biological environment. *4.2 Division of marine environment.
4.3 a) Marine biotic diversity: Plankton, Nekton, Benthos- brief account
Implications of species richness, measuring diversity, quadrients of species diversity,
models explaining diversity gradient.
*b) Intertidal organisms and their zonation.
4.4 Effect of physical factors on marine life
a) Light: photosynthesis, colouration, structural adaptations, bioluminescence.
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b) Temperature: tolerance, geographical distribution, size, calcium precipitation,
metabolism, bipolarity, tropical submergence and periodicity.
c) Salinity: tolerance and distribution, size, buoyancy and osmoregulation.
d) Currents: role in nutrition, transportation and propogation.
*e) Marine bacteria and their role.
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
SEMESTER III
PSZOOCN304- PLANKTOLOGY, FISH, FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE
UNIT I: PLANKTOLOGY 15L
1.1. Classification of Plankton.
Adaptation to planktonic life.
Factors influencing the distribution and abundance, plankton bloom, patchiness,
vertical distribution and red tide.
1.2. * Diurnal migration of zooplankton.
Inter-relationship between phyto and zooplankton.
UNIT II: FISH AND FISHERIES SCIENCE 15L
2.1. An overview of fish classification as per Francis Day and FAO.
2.2. a) Major commercial fisheries: Elasmobranchs (shark and ray)
Teleosts: Sciaenoids, Indian salmon, Seer fish, Mackerel, Sardine, Carangids,
Tuna, Sole fish, Harpodon, Ribbon fish fisheries.
b) *Crustacean fisheries: Prawns (penaeid and non penaeid), Shrimps, Lobster
and Crab.
c) *Molluscan fisheries.
UNIT III: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISHERY AND BIOMETRIC STUDIES 15L
3.1. Fish stock improvement through selective hybridization.
3.2. Gene transfer technology in fish: General steps for developing transgenic fishes.
Gene transfer by microinjection, electroporation, transfer of transgenes by injection
with pantropic retroviral viru ses, fish antifreeze protein gene, promoter in the
production of growth hormone.
*Characterization of transgenic fish. (Identification of transgenic fish and expression
of transgenes). Gene transfer in common carp and channel fish.
UNIT IV: AQUACULTURE 15L
4.1. *History, scope and importance of aquaculture.
Aquaculture practices in India.
Cultivable organisms for aquaculture and criterion for their selection.
4.2. Different systems of aquaculture such as Pond Culture, Cage Culture, Pen
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Culture, Running Water Aquaculture, Raft Culture,Aquaranching.
4.3. Impact of aquaculture on environment.
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
SEMESTER III- PRACTICALS
Course Code PSZOBT3P1 & PSZOBT3P2
(Based on PSZOBT301 and PSZOBT302)
1) Demonstration of aseptic technique: Wo rk place for aseptic handling, packing
glassware (flasks, test tubes, pipettes, petridish) for sterilization, aseptic transfer of
liquids (pipetting from flask to test tube)
2) Preparation of LB agar plate, slant, butt & demonstration of streaking technique using
bacterial culture to obtain isolated colonies.
3) Determination of viable cell count in the given culture of bacteria by dilution &
spreading technique.
4) Using mini-prep method isolate plasmid DNA from the given strain of bacteria &
show the purity of the isolate by performing agarose gel electrophoresis.
5) To estimate the number of bacteria in the given culture by nephelometry.
PSZOOCN3P3
1) Physical and chemical oceanography:
(Uniform methods for all colleges to be followed)
Determination of physico-chemical parameters:
1) Salinity (Argentometric and conductivity method)
2) Dissolved oxygen,
3) Carbon dioxide.
4) Nitrates-nitrites.
5) Silicates.
6) Phosphate-phosphorus.
2) Textural features:
Sediment analysis- size fraction (sand, silt, clay)
3) Identification of foraminifera ns and radiolarians from sand.
4) Estimation of primary productivity by light and dark bottle.
5) Identification of intertidal organisms:
a) Rocky shore- Patella, Chiton, Fissurella, Mytilus species, Perna viridis, Cardium,
Balanus, Gorgonids, Littorina and Corals.
b) Sandy shore: Solen, Umbonium, Oliva, Pea crab, Fiddler crab, Molluscan shells, Star
fish and Balanoglossus.
c) Muddy shore: Lingula, Chaetopt erus, Arenicola, Tubiculus worm and Mud skipper.
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PSZOOCN3P4
1) Laboratory procedure for quantitative estimati on of plankton settling method, wet weight
method, weight displacement method, counting method.
2) Identification of Zooplankton permanent slides (Noctiluca, Obelia medusa, Zoea, Zoea
porcelina, Copepods, Mysids, Echinoderm larvae, Nauplius, Sagitta, Doliolum, Salpa, Fish eggs and larvae, Jelly fish, Physalia, Porpita) 3) Study of fecundity-maturation studies.
4) Plotting the frequency polygon by ova diameter measurement.
5) Identification and classification of Marine fishes
List of Marine fishes
Elasmobranchs
1. Family- Carcharidae
Carcharias sps. Zygaena malleus
2. Family- Rhinobatidae Rhynchobatus djeddensis
3. Family- Trygonidae Trygon uarnak
Teleost
4. Family- Percidae
Lutianus johnii, Therapon sps., Pristipoma maculatum, Synagris japonicus,
Gerres filamentosus 5. Family- Squamipinnes Scatophagus argus
6. Family – Mullidae
Upenoides vittatus
7. Family- Polynemidae
Polynemus tetradactylus
8. Family- Sciaenidae
Pseudosciaena diacanthus, Sciaena sps.
9. Family- Trichuridae
Trichurus savala/ haumela
10. Family- Carangidae
Caranx rottleri, Chorinemus toloo
11. Family- Stromatidae
Pampus chinensis, Pampus argenteus
12. Family- Scombridae
Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cybium guttatum
13. Family- Trachinidae
Sillago sihama
14. Family- Cottidae
Platycephalus punctatus
15. Family- Gobidae
Periophthalmus sps., Boleophthalmus sps.
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16. Family- Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena acutippinis
17. Family- Mugillidae
Mugil sps.
18. Family- Gadidae Bregmaceros sps.
19. Family- Pleuronectidae Psettodes erumei, Cynoglossus elongatus
20. Family- Siluridae Arius dussumieri
21. Family- Scopelidae Saurida tumbil, Harpodon nehereus
22. Family- Sombresocidae
Belone stongylurus, Hemiramphus sps.
23. Family- Clupeidae Pellona feligera, Clupea longiceps
24. Family- Chirocentridae Chirocentrus dorab
25. Family- Muraenesox
Muraenesox sps.
Note: Minimum number of animals to be used for experiment
.
SEMESTER -IV
Zoology-Biotechnology--Oceanography and Fishery Science
Credit Based Semester and Grading System.
To Be Implemented from the Academic Year 2013-2014.
PSZOBT401: Basics of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology II
Unit I: Microbial synthesis of commercial products 15
1.1. Microbial synthesis of commercial products
1.1.1 Organic acids & their commercial appl ications – Citric acid, gluconic acid,
lactic acid.
1.1.2 Antibiotics – Cloning antibiotic biosynthetic gene by complementation & other
methods.Synthesis of novel antibio tics & improving antibiotic production.
*Aminoglycosides & their uses
1.1.3 Polysaccharides: Bacterial polysaccharides: General properties & their commercial applications-
Dextran, Xanthan, Alginate.
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Genetic engineering for the large scale production of Xanthan gum & its
modification.
*Marine polysaccharides: General properties & their commercial application-
Agar &agarose, Chitosan
1.1.4 Polyesters: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Biosynthesis of PHA, Biopol-
commercial biodegradable plastic
Unit II: Large scale culture & producti on for industrial biotechnology 15
2.1. Biotransformations
2.1.1 Selection of biocatalyst-scr eening & use of novel existing biocatalyst
2.1.2 Genetic modification of existing biocatalyst (Indigo biosynthesis)
2.1.3 Biocatalyst immobilization-
Methods of immobilization- Cross linking, supported immobilization,
adsorption & ionic binding, covalent coupling, lattice entrapment
2.1.4 Immobilized soluble enzymes & suspended cells
2.1.5 Immobilization of multi-enzyme systems & cells
2.1.6 *Immobilized enzyme reactors- Batch reactors, continuous reactors
2.1.7 Analytical enzymes-
Enzymes in diagnostic assays: Test st rip systems & Biosensors-Electrochemical
& optical type
Unit III: Agricultural Biotechnology 15 3.1. Agricultural Biotechnology:
3.1.1 *Nitrogen fixation
3.1.2Nitogenase-Component of nitrogenase; Genetic engineering of nitrogenase
cluster
3.1.3 Hydrogenase-Hydrogen metabolism
3.1.4 Genetic engineering of hydrogenase gene
3.1.5 Nodulation-Competition among nodulation organisms, genetic
engineering of nodulation gene
3.1.6 Microbial insecticides-Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , mode of action & use of
thuringiensis toxins, thuringiensis toxin gene isolation, genetic engineering of
Bacillus thuringiensis strains& cloning of thuringiotoxin gene.
3.1.7 *Developing insect resistant, virus resistant & herbicide resistant plant
3.1.8 Algal products: Fuels from algae, marine natural products & their medical
potential-anticancer, antiviral compounds, antibacterial agents.
Unit IV: Environmental Biotechnology II 15 4.1. Bioabsorption of metals (Recovery from effluents)
4.1.1 *Bioabsorption by fungi, algae, moss & bacteria
4.1.2 Mechanism of bacterial metal resistance & genetic engineering for specific
proteins
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4.1.3 Bioreactors for bioabsorption-packed bed, fluidized bed, rotating disc, single
blanket, sequential reactors
4.1.4 Phytoremediation &its use in biotechnology
4.2. Bioleaching of metals
4.2.1 Biochemical mechanism of bioleaching 4.2.2 Extraction from mixtures 4.2.3 Types of bioleaching 4.2.4 Methods for bioleaching-Tank & heap bioleaching 4.2.5 *Microorganisms used for bioleaching
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
PSZOBT402: Genome management, manipulation, regul ations and patents in biotechnology
Unit I: Genome management 15
1.1 The Basic tools of genetic engineering
1.1.1 Gene transfer techniques: Protoplast fusion, calcium phosphate,
precipitation, electroporation, liposome, ligand mediated, gene gun or
biolistic approach,viral mediated
1.1.2 Selection and screening of recombinants
1.1.3 *Nucleic acid probes and hybridization, Southern blotting and
Northernblotting
1.1.4 Immunological assays for identi fication of gene product, Westernblot
1.2 Cloning Vectors
1.2.1 *Retrovirus and SV40 vectors
1.2.2 Special purpose vectors- Expression vectors, Secretion vectors,
Shuttle or bi-functional vectors, single stranded phage and phagemids
Unit II: Manipulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 15
2.1 Eukaryotic gene expression
2.2 *Introduction of DNA into fungi-yeast and filamentous fungi
(fungal transformation)
2.3 Heterologous proteins production in yeasts
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2.4 Heterologous proteins production in filamentous fungi
2.5 Cultured insect cells expression systems-
Baculovirus transfer vector
2.6 *Mammalian cell expression systems-
Human Papova BK virus shuttle vector Unit III: The human genome project 15
3.1 *The human genome, scope and goals of the project
3.2 Genetic linkage maps, chromosome walking, restriction mapping
3.3 Polymorphic DNA markers
3.4 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and its uses
3.5 Physical maps, Sequence tagged sites 3.6 Integrating genetic linkage and physical maps 3.7 *Mapping human diseases
3.8 Positional cloning: Getting closer to a disease causing gene
3.9 Testing for exons
3.10 Limitations of positional cloning
Unit IV: Regulations and patents in biotechnology 15
4.1 Regulating recombinant DNA technology
4.2 *Regulatory requirements – safety of genetically engineered
foodsChymosin, tryptophan, bovine somatotropin
4.3 Regulation environmental rele ase of genetically engineered
organism(GEO). Ice minus Pseudomonas syringae
4.4 Regulatory agencies and laws for product regulation
4.5 Risk assessment: How much risk?
4.6 *Open field tests of GEO
4.7 Development of policy for Human gene therapy 4.8 Patenting biotechnology inventions
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a) What constitutes the patent?
b) The patent process
c) The conditions to be satisfied for an invention to be patentable
:Novelty, Inventiveness, Usefulness
d) Patenting in different countries, types of inventions that are not
patentable in India
e) What is Paris convention? Principal features of Paris convention
f) Patenting multicellular organisms
g) Patenting and fundamental research
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
PSZOOCN403: GENERAL, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY
UNIT I: GENERAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
1.1 Oceanographic instruments:
Grab (Peterson and Van veen) for benthos collection, naturalist’s dredge (Ekman Sanders deep sea anchor dredge), tr awl, plankton nets and continuous plankton
sampling system, Reversing Nansen bottles, Reversing thermometer, Salinometer,
Secchi disc, Stempel’s pipette and dilution jar, underwater photography, remote sensing and satellite imaging, SCUBA apparatus.
*1.2 Oceanographic Expeditions: Challenger, Indian Ocean and Antarctic.
1.3 Law of sea.
UNIT II: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
2.1 Vertical circulation: wind induced circulation, Thermohaline circulation and
upwelling of water.
2.2 Waves: Characteristics of waves, deep water and shallow water waves, transitional
waves, wind generated waves, internal waves and Tsunami
*2.3 Tides: Tides generating forces, equilibrium theory of tides, dynamic theory of tides,
tides as a source of power.
* 2.4 Currents: Types of currents, major currents of the world, Coriolis effect and El Nino
effect.
UNIT III: CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
3.1 Impact of anthropogenic activities:
A) a) Pollution- Domestic sewage, industrial/heavy metals.
Agricultural- fertilizers and pesticides.
b) Oil pollution. c) Ocean dumping.
d) Radioactive and Thermal waste.
B) Reclamation.
UNIT IV: BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 15 L
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4.1 Resources from the sea:
A) Mineral resources:
a) Continental margin.
b) Deep sea mud oozes and manganese nodules.
c) Oil, gas and sulphur deposits and role of ONGC. B) Bioactive compounds from the sea. C) Scientific and economical aspect of seabed exploration and mining.
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
SEMETER – IV
PSZOOCN404: PLANKTOLOGY, FISH, FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE
UNIT I: PLANKTOLOGY 15L
1.1. Marine algae and plankton in relation to fisheries.
Indicator species
1.2. Methods of collection, preservation and analysis of plankton.
1.3. *Marine Bio-deterioration: Fouling and Boring organisms.
UNIT II: FISH AND FISHERIES SCIENCE 15L
2.1. Population Dynamics
Abundance in population and fishery.
Fishery catches and fluctuation. M.S.Y., Optimum Yield, Age Composition, Population Growth, Population Models. 2.2. *Socio-economics of fishermen.
UNIT III: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISHERY AND BIOMETRIC STUDIES 15L
3.1. Statistical methods:
Collection of data, Sampling methods, Pres entation data, Measurement of central
tendancy and dispersion, Frequency distributi on, Analysis of variance and co-variance,
Correlation regression, Theory of probabi lity, Tests of significance, Chi-square test.
3.2. * Measurement of fish:
a) Measurement of length and weight
b) Morphometric measurements c) Merestic counts
d) Biometric index
UNIT IV: AQUACULTURE 15L
4.1. Hatchery and grow out practices for cu ltivable species of freshwater fishes
(Indian major carps and exotic carps) and prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii ),
Culture of Air breathing fishes.
4.2. Integrated aquaculture and sewage fe d fishery Hatchery and growout practices for
the culture of brackish water fishes (Chanos chanos and Lates calcarifer ), Prawns
(Penaeus monodon and Penaeus indicus ).
4.3. *Present status of sea farming in India
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Culture of molluscs, clams, oyster (edible and pearl) and Mussels, Echinoderms (sea
cucumber), sea weeds.
*marked topics are to be taken for seminar
SEMESTER IV PRACTICALS
SEMESTER IV
Practicals
Course Code PSZOBT4P1 & PSZOBT4P2
Based on PSZOBT401 and PSZOBT402
1) Immobilize Yeast cells in calcium alginate & prepare a bioreactor column to
demonstrate Invertase activity in the bioreactor column.
2) Restriction-digest the given DNA sample &demonstrate the separation of fragments
by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. Interpret the results by comparing with the
standard digests provided.
3) Demonstrate the western blotting technique for the given sample of protein.
4) To plot a growth curve for the microorganisms provided.
5) Demonstrate the effect of medium on growth curves of given microorganism, using
two different media (minimal & enriched).
PSZOOCN4P3
Based on PSZOOCN403
1) Oceanographic instruments:
a) Nansen reversing bottle.
b) Deep sea reversing thermometer.
c) Bathythermometer.
d) Drift bottle.
e) Ekman’s current meter.
f) Secchi disc.
g) Plankton nets: Standard net, Hensen net and Clarke Bumpus net.
h) Stemple pipette and counting slide.
i) Nekton sampling device-trawls.
j) Benthic sampling devices-dredges, grabs and corers.
2) Detection of heavy metals:
a) Zinc
b) Lead
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c) Copper.
3) Food and feeding in fish.
4) Identification of crafts and gears.
PSZOOCN4P4
Based on PSZOOCN4P4
1) Preparation of Zooplankton mountings.
2) Collection of marine algae and preparatio n of herbaria (at least five different forms).
3) Biometric studies of fish/ prawn
A. Study of relationship between total length and standard length/head length/body
depth length/body weight.
B. Calculate correlation (standard lengt h and total length, head length and total length,
body depth and total length). Calculate the index values for various relationships.
4) Identification of f ouling and boring organisms
( Limnoria sps., Lepas, Balanus, Caprella, Teredo, Littorina, Crassostrea, Pellaria/
Sertularia ).
5) Identification and classification of fresh water fishes
(Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Tilapia, Gourami) and fresh water giant prawn ( Macrobrachium
rosenbergii ).
6) Crustacean fishery (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, M. monoceros, P. stylifera, Solenocera indica,
Nematopaleomon, Acetes indicus ).
7) Molluscan fishery
(Meretrix, Perna viridis, Katelysia sps., Cras sostria sps., Xancus pyrum, Solen kempi,
Cuttle fish and gastropods).
8) Visit to aquaculture centres, boat building yards, processing plants and marine biological
institutions (Excursions or study tours)
Students Activity
a. Collection of molluscan shells
b. Preparing herbaria from marine algae (atleast 5) c. Preparation of shrimp pickle
Note: Minimum number of animals to be used for experiment
REFERENCES:
Semester III & IV
Biotechnology
1. Johan E. Smith, Biotechnology, 3rd Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press
2. Colin Rateledge and Bjorn Kristiansen, Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Cambridge
Univ. Press
3. Susan R. Barnum, Biotechnology – An Introduction, Vikas Publishing House
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4. Bernard R. Glick and Jack J. Pasternack, Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and
applications of recombinant DNA, ASM Press, Washington DC.
5. Alexander N. Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido, Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals
of applied microbiology, W. H. Freeman and Co, New York
6. InduShekar Thakur, Environmental Biotechnolo gy – Basic concepts and applications,
I. K. International Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, New Delhi
7. John A. Thomas (Ed.), Biotechnology and safety assessments, 2nd Edition, Taylor and
Francis
8. S. S. Purohit, Biotechnology – Fundamentals and applications, 3rd Edition, Agrobios,
India
9. Patent Facility Centre (PTC) Technology information, Forecasting and Assessment
Council (TIFAC), Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi
10. R. S. Crespi; Patents – a basic guide to patenting biotechnology, Cambridge Univ.
Press
11. R. E. Speir, J. B. Griffiths, W. Berthold (Ed), Animal Cell Technology – Products of
today, prospects of tomorrow, Butterworth –Heinman Publishers
12. Martin Fransman, GerdJunne, Annemiek eRoobeek (Ed), The Biotechnology
revolution?, Blackwell Scientific Publishers
13. Terence Cartwright, Animal Cells as Bioreactors, Cambridge Univ. Press
14. A. Rosevear, John F. Kennedy, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Immobilized enzymes and
cells, Adam Hilger Publishers, Bristol and Philadelphia
15. Micheal P. Tombs and Stepan E. Harding, An Introduction to polysaccharide
biotechnology
16. T. A. Brown, Gene Cloning – An Introduction, 3rd Edition, Nelson Thornes
17. Bob Old and S. B. Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 5th Edition, Wiley
Blackwell Publishers
18. U. Satyanarayan, Biotechnology, 2007 Reprint, Uppala Author Publisher Interlink
REFERENCES:
Oceanography and Fishery Science
Semester III & IV
1. Svedrup et al., The Oceans.
2. Nair N.B. and Thampi D.H., Atextbook of marine ecology, T-M-H. 3. Harold Thurman, Introductory oceanography, Prentice Hall. London. 4. Qasim S.Z., Glimpses of Indian Ocean, Sangum Bodes Ltd. London. Navya Printers,
Hyderabad.
5. Michael King, Fisheries Biology assessment and management, Fishing News Publishers,
1995.
6. R. Gordob Pirje, Oceanography. 7. Newell and Newell, Marine Plankton.
8. Jhingran, Fish and fisheries
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9. P. Michal, Ecologival methods for field and laboratory investigations.
10. R.V. Tait, Marine zoology, Oxford press.
11. David Ross, Introduction to Oceanography.
12. Carl Schliper, Research method in marine biology.
13. B.F. Chapgar, Sea Shore life of India, SIDGWICK and JACKSON, London
14. D.V. Bal and K.V. Rao, Marine fisheries of India, T-M-H. 15. Russel and Young, The Seas 16. Kurian and Sebastian, Prawn and prawn fisheries of India. 17. M. Krishna Pillai. Introduction to Planktology, Himalaya Publishing
18. A.A. Fincham. Basic marine biology, British Museum Natural History.
19. Latha Shenoy. Course manual in fishing technology, CIFE, Versova, Mumbai.
20. Jefferey F. Raymond, Plankton and productivity, Vol. I and II.
21. J.S.Levington, Marine Biology, Function, biodiversity, ecology. Oxford University Press. 22. Wealth of India, Vol. IV, CSIR Publications. 23. S.P. Biswas, Manual of methods in fish biology, South Asian publishers private Ltd.,
New Delhi.
24. J.P. Rilcy and R, Chester, Introduction to marine chemistry, Academic Press, London and
New Delhi.
25. American Public Health Association-2000. 26. J.V.R. Pillai, Aquaculture principles and plasia, Blackwell Scientific pub. 27. Das P. and Jhingran A.C.G., Fish genetics in India.
28. Colin E. Purdon, Genetics and Fish breeding, Chapman and Hall.
29. Schroder J.J., Genetics and Mutagenesis of fish, Chapman and Hall.
30. P. Bensam. Development of marine fishery sciences in India, Daya publishing House.
N.B :
I) It is pertinent to note that we have to a dhere strictly to the directions as given in the
UGC Circular F14-4/2006 (CPP-II).
II)Apart from the institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) and any other
Committee appointed by a Competent Authorit y/Body from time to time, every college
should constitute the following Committees :
1) A Committee for the Purpose of Care and Supervision of Experimental
Animals (CPCSEA) and
2) A Dissection Monitoring Committee (DMC)
Composition of DMC shall be as follows :
i) Head of the Concerned Department (Convener/Chairperson)
ii) Two Senior Faculty Members of the concerned Department
iii) One Faculty of related department from the same College
One or two members of related department from neighboring colleges
Practicals paper pattern
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Semester III
Zoology- Biotechnology-Physiology
Course Code PSZOBT3P1
Q1) Determination of viable cell count in the given culture of bacteria by dilution &
spreading technique. (DAY 1) (25)
MARKS
OR
Q1) Using mini‐prep method isolate plasmid DNA from the given strain of bacteria & show
the purity of the isolate by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. (DAY 1) (25)
MARKS
Q2) To estimate the Demonstration of aseptic technique: Work place for aseptic handling,
packing glassware (flasks, test tubes, pipettes, petridish) for sterilization, aseptic transfer of
liquids (pipetting from flask to test tube. (DAY 2) (15)
MARKS
Q3) Viva (05)
MARKS
Q4) Journal (05)
MARKS
Practical
Course Code PSZOBT3P2
Q1) Preparation of LB agar plate, slant, butt & demonstration of streaking technique using
bacterial culture to obtain isolated colonies. (DAY 1) (25)
MARKS
Q2) Estimate number of bacteria in given culture of nephelometry. (DAY 2) (15)
MARKS
Q3) Viva (05)
MARKS
Q4) Journal (05)
MARKS
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PSZOOCN3P3
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1. (A) Determination of Physio‐chemical parameter salinity/D.O./CO 2 /Nitrates‐
Nitrites/Silicates/Phosphate ‐Phosphorus. 10
OR
(A) Estimation of primary productivity by light and dark bottle. 10
(B) Foraminiferan and radiolarian shells (any four) 05
2. Minor – Sediment analysis 07
3. Identify and describe (any 6 Intertidal Organism) (6 X 3 ) 18
4. Viva voce 05
5. Journal 05
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PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PSZOOCN3P4
1. Major
(A) Fish identification ( 1 from Elasmobranch, 4 from Teleost) 15
(B) Fish identification as per Francis day volume 05
2. Minor
(A) Study of maturity, Plankton settling method/ weight method/weight
displacement method/ counting method and study of fecundity and
maturation studies 08
Or
Plotting the frequency polygon by ova diameter measurement 08
3. Identification ( 4 identification 3 marks each ) 12
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4. Viva voce 05
5. Journal 05
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Course Code PSZOBT4P1
Q1) Demonstrate the effect of medium on growth curves of given microorganism, using
enriched media. (DAY 1) (25) MARKS
OR
Q1) Demonstrate the effect of medium on growth curves of given microorganism, using
minimal media. (DAY 1) (25) MARKS
Q2) Immobilize Yeast cells in calcium alginate,
prepare beads & keep them overnight in
activation medium (DAY 1) (15) MARKS
Q3) Viva (05) MARKS
Q4) Journal (05) MARKS
Practical
Course Code PSZOBT4P2
Q1) Prepare a bioreactor column to demonstrate Invertase activity in the bioreactor
column. (DAY 2) (25)
MARKS
Q2) Restriction ‐digest the given DNA sample & demonstrate the separation of fragments by
performing agarose gel electrophoresis. Interpret the results by comparing with the
standard digests provided. (DAY 2) (15)
MARKS
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OR
Q2) Demonstrate the western blotting technique for the given sample of protein.
(DAY 2) (15) MARKS
Q3) Viva (05) MARKS
Q4) Journal (05) MARKS
Semester IV
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PSZOOCN4P3
Total Marks: 50
1. Major Experiment
Identification of Oceanographic instrument (3 identification 4 marks each) 12
2. (A) Detection of heavy metals – zinc/ Lead/ Copper 10
(B) Food and feeding in fish 06
3. Identification ( 4 identification 3 marks each 2 from crafts & 2 from gears) 12
4. Viva voce 05
5. Journal 05
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PSZOOCN4P4
Total Marks: 50
1. Biometric study of fish
(A) Study of relationship between total length and standard length / head length / body
depth length / body weight
04
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(B) Calculate correlation (standard length and total length / head length and total length
03
2. Preparation of zooplankton mounting (5 different mounting of zooplankton)
10
3. Identification ( 1 from fouling and boring organism, 1 from fresh water fish & fresh water
prawn – 1 from crustacean fishery, 1 from molluscan fishery) ( 4 X 2 marks each)
08
4. (A) Herbarium
05 (B) Field report (visit to aquaculture centre, boat building yards, processing
plants, marine biological Institutions) ( Excursion or Study tours)
04
(C) Collection molluscan shells ( 5 shells )
04
(D) Report on shrimp prawn pickle
02
5. Viva voce
05
6. Journal
05
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