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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Syllabus for the
M.Sc. Part – II: Life Sciences
Specialization - Biotechnology
Semester III and IV
Choice Based Credit and Grading System
The academic year 2017 -18
MSc II Life Sciences Biotechnology Latest 2017 18_1 Syllabus Mumbai University by munotes
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M.Sc. Part - II Life Sciences - Biotechnology Syll abus
Choice based Credit and Grading System
The Academic year 2017 -2018
SEMESTER I II
COURSE
CODE UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS CREDITS L / WEEK
Paper I Genetic Engineering
PSLSCT301 I Strain Manipulation S trategies 4 4
II Microbial Factories 4
III Engineering Lower E ukaryotes I 4
IV Engineering Lower E ukaryotes II 4
Paper II Fermentation Technology
PSLSC302 I Upstream Processes 4 4
II Fermentation P rocess I 4
III Fermentation P rocess II 4
IV Downstream Processes 4
Paper III Industrial Enzym es, Tissue Culture and its applications
PSLSC303 I Enzymes in Industry 4 4
II Plant Tissue Culture 4
III Animal Tissue C ulture 4
IV Assisted Therapies 4
Paper IV Research Methodology and Quality Control
PSLSC304 I Research Methodology 4 4
II Scientific W riting 4
III ISO 4
IV GMP/ GLP 4
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SEMESTER IV
COURSE
CODE
UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS CREDITS L / WEEK
Paper I Medical Biotechnology and Biomathematics
PSLSCT401 I Therapeutics I 4 4
II Therapeutics II 4
III Biomathematics 4
IV Diagnostics and Drug design 4
Paper II Applied Biotechnology
PSLSC402 I Aquaculture 4 4
II Nanotechnology 4
III New Emergent Technologies 4
IV Economics of Biotechnology Law
and Industrial C onsiderations 4
Paper III Environmental Biotechnology
PSLSC403 I Biological Controls and
Biopesticides 4 4
II Nitrogen Fixation and Biofertilizers 4
III Bioremediation 4
IV Phytoremedition and Phytomining 4
Paper IV Protein Traffi cking, Folding and Eng ineering and Drug Development
PSLSC404 I Protein Trafficking and Targeting 4 4
II Protein folding and Biomolecular
Interactions 4
III Natural products 4
IV Activity Guided Drug Development 4
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SEMESTER III
PAPER - PSLSCT 301: Genetic En gineering
Unit I: Strain Manipulation S trategies (15L)
Gene/ regulat ory sequence/ protein engineering : Promoter, Gene, Protein and ribosome
engineering, epigenetic modification – Mutagenesis, recombination and cell/protoplast
fusion ,
Mutagenesis : Effec t of amino acid changes on protein function , Site‐directed Mutagenesis –
Non‐PCR Methods and PCR ‐based Methods ; Molecular Evolution/Random mutagenesis:
Error prone PCR, Cassette mutagenesis, Site Saturation mutagenesis, Overlap PCR,
DNA/Domain/Exon shuf fling, ICTHY, SCRATCHY, RACHITT; de novo Sequence de sign.
Expression of modified genes : phage, cell, DNA, RNA, ribosome and IVC display Analysis
and detection.
Applications ‐ modifying activity, substrate specificity, cofactor requirement, increasing
stability, pH and temperature optima, Construction of der egulated mutants resistant to feed
back inhibition and repression ; Examples of modified proteins - Point Mutations, Domain
Shuffling, Domain Fusions for Cell Targeting, Swapping Protein Domains, Whole Protein
Shuffling, Protein ‐Ligand Interactions .
Genome editing : CRISPR/Cas 9, TALENS, Modified nucleases – meganuclease, zinc finger
nuclease , Recombineering, genome shuffling .
RNAi based strain improvement : use of siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, ribozymes and
riboswitches to regulate and optimize gene expression.
Meta bolic Engineering : Metabolic pathway analysis and modelling – approaches, Methods
for metabolic engineering, Model organisms – E. coli, B. Subtilis , Yeast, plants and animals,
Applications .
Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for strain improvement : Omi cs analysis, in silico
modeling, development of improved strains.
Unit II: Microbial Factories (15L)
Prokaryotic: E. coli: Expression systems – pET, pBAD, λ PL, prha BAD systems, Expression
of Foreign Genes in Bacteria – Problems, optimization of expressi on: host, transcriptional,
translational, post translational compatibility, solubility and purification, transport and
localization (use of Promoters, Ribosome Binding Site, Fusion Proteins, signal sequences,
Tags and cleavage sites), Modification of gene – codon optimization, host strain modification
Expression of Native Proteins, Detecting Expression of Foreign Genes.
Gram Positive Bacteria : Bacillus subtilis , Lactobacilli , Streptomyces – Expression systems,
optimization of expression and applications .
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Unit III: Engineering Lower E ukaryotes I (15L)
Yeasts : Yeast Selectable Markers and Vector Systems, commercially used yeast strains ( S.
cerevisiae and Pichia ) and their expression systems
Heterologous Protein Production ‐ Design parameters: Source of DN A, Heterologous mRNA
and protein levels and downstream applications, humanization of yeast for post translational
compatibility.
Uses: Analysis of Genes, Genomes and Protein ‐Protein Interactions ‐ YAC Technology,
Constructing Gene Knockouts and Novel Repor ter Systems, synthesis of commercially
compounds.
Filamentous fungi – Host strains, transformation strategies, selection markers, promoters,
terminators, translational regulation of protein production, strategies for efficient production,
signal sequences , gene fusion approach, overproduction of foldases and chaperones, role of
glycosylation, use of RNAi technology , heterologous and homologous gene expression,
humanization of filamentous fungi, applications ‐ industrial applications, enzymes,
pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites, therapeutic compounds and products .
Unit IV: Engineering Lower E ukaryotes II (15L)
Algae: Types, Culture systems, Genetic modification - transformation strategies, se lection
markers, promoters, terminators, translational regulation of protein production, strategies for
efficient protein production, applications – increasing photosynthetic efficiency, yield of
commercial and therapeutic products, Risks of GM algae .
Protozoa : Advantages of protozoan expression systems from Dictyostelium discoideum,
Leishmania tarentolae , Perkinsus marinus and Tetrahymena thermophila , cultivation and
applications of protozoan biotechnology.
GMO and GMO product detection and analysis: Detection of GMOs and GMO products:
Methods – phenotypic, Molecular methods - DNA (PCR, qPCR and alternate methods) and
protein (immunoassays, lateral flow devices and dip sticks) based methods, chromatography
and infra -red spectroscopy; residual DNA analysis , microbial, biochemical and molecular,
toxicological evaluation
PRACTICALS – PSLSCT 301:
1. Construction of amylase expression cassette and expression in E. coli .
2. Isolation of plasmid from bacteria.
3. Isolation of Protease degraders from soil and estimation of the protease activity.
4. Preparation and regeneration of fungal protoplast.
5. Detection and estimation of gene copy number by real time PCR (demonstration).
6. Transformation of Yeast
7. Slide culture of filamentous fungi
8. Microbial analysis of GMO foods
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Refer ences:
1. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4th edition by J. M. Walker and R. Rapley
2. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 5th edition by J. M. Walker and R. Rapley
3. Biotechnology, Concepts and Applications by R. R. Vittal and R. Bhat
4. Biotechnology, Princi ples and Applications by S. C. Rastogi
5. More Gene Manipulations in Fungi by J. W. Bennette and Linda L. Lasure
6. Microbial Metabolism and biotechnology, e ‐book by Horst Doelle
7. The Metabolic Pathway Engineering Handbook - Fundamenals Christina D Somlke
8. Systems Biotechnology for strain improvement. Trends in Biotechnology. Volume 3
(7), 2006.
9. Molecular Biology: A laboratory Manual, 2ndedition, 1989: Maniatis, Fritsch and
Sambrook
10. Molecular Biology: A laboratory Manual, 4th edition, 2012: M. Green and J.
Sambroo k
11. Introduction to Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering , 2011 : Oliver
Brandenberg, Zephaniah Dhlamini, Alessandra Sensi, Kakoli Ghosh and Andrea
Sonnino
12. Genetically Engineered Food: Methods and Detection, 2nd Ed, 2006 :Knut Heller
13. Algal transgenics and Biotechnology . Transgenic plant Journal, 2007: Armin
Hallmann.
14. Biotechnology with protozoa in Special Processes - II Special Microorganisms of
Biotechnological Interest , Biotechnology Set, 2nd Ed., Vol 10, 2008: Rehm and Reed
15. Recombinant Gene Expre ssion. Reviews and Protocols 3rd ed. 2012: Argelia Lorence
16. Recombinant Gene Expression. Reviews and Protocols 2nd ed. 2004: Paulina Balbas
and Argelia Lorence
17. Principles of Gene Manipulation, 6th ed, 2002: Primrose, Twymann and Old
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PAPER – PSLSCT 302: Fermentation Technology
Unit I: Upstream Processes (15L)
Isolation and Screening of microorganisms: Isolation of microorganisms from various
sources, Preservation, Primary and Secondary Screening of microorganisms.
Microbial growth : General parameters, growth kinetics for various fermentation and types
of stock culture, scaling up of culture for fermentation.
Strain improvement: Need for improvement, Criteria for improved strains, Physical,
Chemical, Biological methods.
Fermentation Media: Definition, Criteria, Various components, Types: crude and synthetic,
sterilization, rheology of various components of media.
Fermenter design: Components of the fermenter, sterilization, aeration and agitation.
Types of Fermenters: batch, contin uous, air lift, fluidized bed, stirred tank .
Unit II: Fermentation P rocess I (15L)
Single Cell Protein, Biomass and Immobilization: Need of single cell production,
produ ction of bacteria, yeast, algae and fungi. Immobilization: cells and enzymes, method s of
immobilization, applications.
Commercial Fermentations: Cheese: Culture, Fermentation process, Applications.
Alcohol: Wine, Commercial Ethanol (by product fusel oils): Culture, Process and
Applications.
Acids: Lactic acid industrial production and applications.
Carbohydrate: Commercial starch production.
Flavour/ fragrance production .
Unit III: Fermentation Process II (15L)
Biotransformations: Classification and characteristics of enzymes – OTHLIL, applications
of enzymes: (chiral synth esis of enantiomerically pure compounds, resolution of isomers).
Examples of biotransformations: Oxidoreductases - Oxidation of 1 - amino - D - sorbitol in the
production of miglitol using Gluconobacter oxydans ; Hydrolases: any one example ,
catalytic anti bodies .
Secondary metabolites production from plants: Secondary metabolite types (alkaloids,
terpenes [include IPP synthesis: Classic pathway and Alternate pathway for IPP synthesis in
plastids], tannins, lignans pigments, lipids); Selection of callus cul tures, Bioreactor types:
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Stirred -tank (hollow paddle), roller drum, immobilized, membrane, surface – immobilized;
elicitation, permeation.
Examples of secondary metabolite production ( industrial scale ): [shikonin, taxol
(biosynthesis and bioreactor produ ction) capsasin/ berbrine].
From microbes: Polymers [dextrans, xanthan gums, alginate], antibiotics [peptide,
lantibiotics, aminoglycosides, beta lactam], cyclosporins, medicinal mushrooms,
biosurfactants.
Unit IV: Downstream Processes (15L)
Product re covery: Product: internal, external, cell disruption methods: physical, chemical
and biological, precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, extraction and purification, drying.
Product Economics: Microbial culture, Fermentation: Upstream and Downstream pr ocesses,
recovery process, product processing.
Effluent Treatment: Need, Traditional methods disposal and disadvantage, physical,
chemical and biological methods.
PRACTICALS: PSLSCP302
1. Immobilization of cells
2. Demonstration of fermenter/ chemostat
3. Estimation of alcohol production: Sucrose/ fruit (s)/ sugarcane juice.
4. Isolation of cellulase producing microorganisms from natural source(s).
5. Determination of cellulose activity using Filter paper assay/ carboxy -methyl cellulose
assay.
6. MIC determination
7. Secondary metabolite production using plant tissue culture (dye/ drug Alkaloids etc.)
8. Effect of elicitor(s) on the production of the plant secondary metabolite.
Reference :
1. Princi ples of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury and Whitaker
2. Industrial Micro biology by Casida
3. Industrial Microbiology by Prescott and Dunn
4. Industrial Biotrasformations by A. Liese, K. Seelb ach and C. Wandrey; Wiley – VCH
5. Role of Biotechnol ogy in Medicinal and Aromatics Plants by Khan and Khanum Vol. 1 to
6. Plant Tissue C ulture by M. K. Razdan
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PAPER – PSLSCT 303: Industrial Enzymes, Tissue Culture and its applications
Unit I : Enzymes in Industry (15L)
Industries: Textile Processing, Leather Processing, Paper & Pulp Proc essing, Detergents and
laundry.
Food bio technology: Fruit and vegetable processing: juices, nectars, purees; syrup and
glucose isomerases, enzymatic synthesis of aspartame .
Other industrial uses : Vinegar, Baking, Cocoa fermentation, Olive oil production, fish
processing industries .
Nutraceutic als: Probiotics::lycopene, isoflavonoids, glucosamine, phytosterol .
Feed Biotechology : lignocelluloses into feed using cellulases, silage.
Biopreservation: chemical preservatives and their sa fety concerns, LAB Bacteriocins -
Types of bacteriocins, mode of action, appl ications and regulation .
Unit I I: Plant Tissue Culture (15L)
Basics of plant tissue culture : totipotency, macro and micro nutrients , media.
Culture: microprop agation, Callus culture, Somaclonal variation, Suspension cell culture,
Protop last culture, Somatic hybridization, Cybrid s, Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic
seed production.
Conservation: Improvement, exploitation and conservation of genetic resources,
Cryopreservation of genetic resources.
Recombinant technology: Plant transformation by Agrobacterium tumfaciens [including
mechanism of T DNA transfer in wild type Agrobacterium], A. rhizogenes - its plasmid.
Biolistic : factors that influence transformation success, chloroplast transformation: vectors,
advantages and disadvantages of the technique.
Applications of transgenic : Overview, Recombinant proteins of pharmaceutical importance
in plants including vaccine subunits, edible vaccines, from hairy root cultures.
Transgenic plants : Strategies for virus resistance, Herbicide resistance, Insect resistance,
nematode infections and resistance, stress resistance [salt, water, temperature], Improved
nutrition [carbohydrate, protein], improved shelf life; Novel applications: change in lipid
profile for industrial purpose, biodegradable plastics, novel horticultural traits [flower colour,
varigation].
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Unit III: Animal Tissue culture (15L)
Basic of animal tissue culture: Methods of cell dissociation/separation and preparation of
primary cell culture, characteristics of cells in vitro , cell culture growth parameters, detection,
prevention and determination of contamination in tissue culture.
Culture: Short term culture, Specialize d cells: bone marrow myogenesis in vitro skin cell
culture, erythrogenesis - leukemia cells, chondriogenesis - in vitro , cryopreservation of tissues
and cell lines.
Analysis and Production: cell synchronization, cell transformation in vitro , Mass
cultivation - cytodex and biofermentors. Cell cloning and Transgenic animals.
Applications: Stem cel ls & therapeutic cloning, Tissue engineering and 3D printing .
Unit IV : Assisted Therapies (15L)
In Vitro Fertilization: Formation of sex ga metes and embryonic development : Cell
cycle: molecular details: Checkpoints ( Damaged DNA, unreplicated DNA, spindl e
attachment, segregation of chromosomes) Meiosis (special division; Ime2, Rec8 and
monopolin) Cell -cell fusion in normal and abnormal cells.
Basics of events during fertilization, molecules on sperm and egg and their interactions, post
Fertilization , early embryonic development, causes of infertility, In vitro fertilization: sperm
and egg culture, fertilization, embryonic culture at various stages of development, transfer of
embryos.
Antisense therapy: Introduction, strategies. oligodeoxyribonucleotid e, catalytic antisense
RNA, triple - helix forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), production, and limitations, first
generation antisense drugs, se cond generation antisense drugs.
Applications: cancer therapy, viral diseases, gene function analysis and in agricu lture.
Gene therapy: Overview, viral and non viral Vectors for somatic cell gene therapy, Gene
therapy for inherited immunodeficiency syndromes, Cystic fibrosis gene therapy, HIV -1 gene
therapy.
PRACTICALS: PSLSCP 303:
1. Isolation and partial purification of Acid/ Alkaline phosphatase from potato
2. Analysis of purification fold of the extracted enzyme
3. Determination of molecular weight of enzyme by SDS -PAGE
4. Isolation and estimation of Nutraceuticals (lycopene/ isoflavanoids) by a suitable
method.
5. Micropropag ation of selected ex -plants.
6. Transformation using Agrobacterium spp.
7. RAPD analysis for plants
8. Establishment of Primary Culture (ATC) using a suitable source.
References:
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox
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2. Biochemistry by Stryer
3. Bioc hemistry by Harper
4. Industrial Biotra nsformations by A. Liese, K. Seelb ach and C. Wandrey; Wiley –
VCH
5. Introduction to plant tissue culture by M. K. Razdan
6. Animal Cell Culture by Ian Freshney
7. Basic Cell Culture by J. M. Davis
8. Animal Cell Culture by Sudha Gangal
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PAPER – PSLSCT 304: Research Methodology and Quality Control
Unit I: Research Methodology (15L)
Meaning of Research;
Objectives of research, motivation in research;
Types of research – Descriptive, Analy tical, Applied, Fundamental,
Quantitative, Qualitative, Conceptual, Empirical and Other Types of
Research;
Research Approaches; Research Methods vs. Methodology;
Research and Scientific Method;
Research Process: Steps of research process; Criteria of Good Research;
Sampling, Sample size determination, Plan for data collection,
Methods of data collection, Plan for data processing and analysis;
Ethical considerations during research
Unit II Scientific writing (15L)
Meaning of Scientific and non scientific w ritings ; Structures of Research proposals,
Synopsis, Dissertations, Thesis, Research paper writings (Abstract, Introduction, Review
literature, methodology, Results, Discussions, Summary, Conclusion, Bibliography etc);
Presentations: Graphical, Tabular, A nimation, Power point etc
Unit II I: ISO (15L)
Introduction: Over View of standards in ISO9000 Family
Key principles : Key principles of ISO 9000 - Quality Management System
ISO 9001 : Detailed study on ISO 9001:2015 standard, based on a seven principles of quality
management, including a strong customer focus, the motivation and implication of top
management, the process approach and continual improvement
Application: Sector specific Application of ISO 9001 - Quality Management System adapted
by various in dustries
Unit I V: GMP/ GLP (15L)
Introduction to GMP ( Good Manufacturing Practices) and GLP (good Laboratory Practices)
in Pharmaceutical Industries
Overview: GMPs a s enforcement by the U.S. Food Drug Administration (US FDA) under
Title 21 CFR .
Docume ntation : Requirement related to GMP and GLP .
Case studies for Documentation related to SOP preparation and CAPA (Correc tive action
Preventive Action).
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PRACTICALS: PSLSCP 304 :
Literature review
References:
1. The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing (Oxf ord Landmark Science) 2009 by
Richard Dawkins
2. Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited and Proposals That Get Funded
(2012) by Joshua Schimel
3. The Best of the Best of American Science Writing (The Best American Science
Writing) 2010 by Jesse Cohen
4. From Research to Manuscript A Guide to Scientific Writing (Second Edition) By
Katz , Michael J. (Springer Publication)
5. Science Research Writing for Non -Native Speakers of English byHilary Glasman -
Deal , Imperial College Press, London, UK
6. Scientific Writing and Communication by Angellka Hofmann , Oxford University
Press (2014)
7. ISO 9000 quality systems handbook fourth edition by David Hoyle
8. International standard ISO9001 : quality management systems — requirements fifth
edition 2015 -09-15.
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SEMESTER - IV
PAPER - PSLSCT4 01: Medical Biotechnology and Biomathematics
Unit I: Therapeutics I (15L)
Pharmaceutical Research : Introduction, Traditional medicine versus emerging areas of
focus, Role of Mo lecular biology - disease Models, Genomic Protein Targets and
Recombinant Therapeutics; Structural Biology - Rational Drug Design, Chemical Biology
and Molecular Diversity and interplay .
Therapeutic Proteins : Group I, II, III and IV and their applications in humans and animals,
mode of action, stability, processing and formulation. Examples of each class - Monoclonal
Antibodies, vitamins, blood proteins, human hormones – Growth hormones, insulin,
somatostatin, steroid hormones, immune modulators – factors VIII, IX, interferons and
interleukins, erythropoietin, relaxin, epinephrine, TNF, tissue plasminogen activator protein
and vaccines, glucagon, secretin and antigens.
Unit II: Therapeutics II (15 L)
Genetic Engineering of Vaccines : Identification and Cl oning of Antigens with Vaccine
Potential - DNA/Oligonucleotide Hybridization, Hybrid Selection and Cell -free Translation,
Expression cloning and Genomic Sequencing, Analysis of Vaccine Antigens - B-cell
Epitopes and T -cell Epitopes. Generation of Subunit V accines, Improvement and Generation
of New Live Attenuated Vaccines - Pseudorabies Virus, Vibrio and Poliovirus , Recombinant
Live Vectors - Vaccinia Virus, Recombinant BCG Vaccines, Attenuated Salmonella Strains,
Poliovirus Chimaeras, Cross -species Vaccina tion, ‘Live -dead’ Vaccines, Other Virus Vectors
and Recombinant E. coli Strains, DNA, RNA and peptide Vaccines, Anti -idiotypes,
Enhancing Immunogenicity and modifying Immune Responses - Adjuvants, Carriers and
Vehicles, Carriers, Mucosal Immunity, Modulati on of Cytokine Profile, Modulation by
Antigen Targeting and Modulation of Signaling.
Peptibodies : Definition, peptide -Fc fusion, advantages over monoclonal antibodies,
production in E. coli using recombinant DNA technology, production, and mechanism of
action, applications – pain, ovarian cancer and immune thrombocytopenic purpura,
limitations .
Peptidomimetics : Definition, design , features, analysis and application .
Biosimilars : Definition, design , features, analysis and application .
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Unit III: Biomat hematics (15L)
Binomial Theorem (without infinite series), Determinants, Matrices, Rank of Matrices by
Diagonalisation method Limit and derivatives, Differentiation (including differentiability),
Successive Differentiation, Integration – Definite and Inde finite (ordinary, method of
substitution, special trigonometric function, partial fraction) Application of integration to find
area,Differential equations ‐‐homogeneous and Linear ODE’s and its simple applications to
biological problems.
Unit IV: Diagnostics and Drug design (15L)
Diagnostics and Forensics : Inherited and non inherited diseases, Direct Detection of Gene
Mutations - Allele -specific Oligonuc leotides and Restriction Enzyme Site Analysis, ARMS,
Oligonucleotide Ligation, and Fluorescently Labeled DNA Sequencing; Indirect Diagnosis
with Linked Genetic Markers, Cancer screening; F orensics: Markers MLP, SLP,
mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome analysis , Applications.
Drug designing and Pharmacogenomics: types of pharmacogenetic knowledge and
obstacles, variations of drug metabolizers, transporters, drug targets and biological milieu of
drug action, pharmacogenomics of cancer syndromes, neuropsychotic disorders, alzheimer’s
disease, mental retardation, card iovascular diseases and smoking and alcoholism, Eugenetics
and epigentics of above disorders, genetic influences on drug targets involved in
pharmacodynamics, long QT syndromes, emerging technologies.
PRACTICALS: PSLSCP401
1. Residual DNA analysis of recombinant therapeutic protein
2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
3. In silico drug designing with suitable example
4. Detection of Thalassemia / breast cancer mutations by PCR
5. Study of embryogene sis with suitable animal system
6. Multiplex PCR
7. Inhibition of cell division by its inhibitors
8. Pedigree analysis (disease/disorder/trait)
References:
1. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4th edition (2002) by J. M. Walker and R.
Rapley
2. Biotechnology for Be ginners (2006) by ReinhardRenneberg
3. Biotechnology Vol5 by Rehm& Reed
4. Biotec hnology, An Introduction (2008) by S. Ignacimuthu, S. J.
5. Biotechnology, C oncepts and Applications (2009) by R. R. Vittal and R. Bhat
6. Biotechnology, Principles and Applications ( 2007) by S. C. Rastogi
7. Microbial Metabolism and biotechnology, e ‐book by Horst Doelle
8. Medical Biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, (2008) by Jogdand S.
N.
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9. Medical Biotechnology, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier (2009) by Judit Pongracz,
Mary Keen
10. Medical Biotechnology, Oxford University Press, India (2010) by Pratibha Nallari& V.
Venugopal Rao,
11. Therapeutic peptides and proteins by A. K. Banga
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PAPER – PSLSCT 402: Applied Biotechnology
Unit 1: Aqua culture (15L)
Aqua culture technology : definition, history and scope, constraints and recent development,
criteria for selection of species, aquafarm engineering .
Pisiculture : cultivable fish species, seed production technology of carps, carps culture, mo no
and poly culture .
Prawn culture : cultivable prawn species, spawning techniques, culture methods in India.
Pearl oyster culture : pearl producing species, pearl culture technology, composition o f pearl
quality and prospects.
Seaweed culture : economical ly important species culture and post harvest technology.
Unit II : Nanotechnology (15L)
Bionanotechnology: Concept. Types of bionanostructures (Carbon nanostructures,
nanoshells, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanowires, liposomes).
Synthesis of bionanopar ticles: Physical, chemical and biological methods.
Applications of nanotechnology: medicine and diagnostics (antimicrobial properties,
therapies, drug delivery including rate programmed drug delivery, Microencapsulation of
cells. imaging) agriculture, en vironment.
Potential risks of Bionanotechnology.
Unit III: New emergent Technology (15L)
Biosensors: Concepts. Types of biosensors: ampereometric, potentiometric, conductometric,
calorometric, peizoelectric, evanascent wave sensors, Surface Plasmon R esonance, whole cell
biosensors.
Biomimetics: Concept and possible applications: Adhesion (lizard's foot) Water repulsion
(lotus leaf), nanostructures in colour display (butterfly wings/ peacock feather) .
Microfluidics: Fundamental characteri stics of fluid ics at microscale, applications of
microfluidics (cell separation, dip sticks) .
Biomechanics: Introduction and Biotechnology in biomechanics .
Unit IV : Economics of Biotechnology la w and industrial considerations (15L)
Emerging trends in biotechnology industry, organizational structure, funding and investment,
Demand, markets, viability, licensing, collaboration and technology transfer,
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bioenterpreneuship in Rural and Urban India, Business ethics and government policy, Indian
bioenterpreneurs
PRACTICAL S: PSLSCP 402
1. Identification of cultivable fish species
2. Identification of cultivable prawn species
3. Identification of cultivable pearl bivalves and oyster species
4. Identification of cultivable seaweed species
5. Isolation and determination of colony character istics of marine organisms
6. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles - biological method
7. Antimicrobial/Antioxidant activity of SNP
8. Demonstration of Laminar Flow in Microfluidic system
References :
1. Aquaculture by Ujwala Jadhav
2. Bio - Nanotechology by Madhuri Shar on.
3. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4th edition (2002) by J. M. Walker and R.
Rapley
4. Microfluidics for Biotechnology 2nd Edition by Jean Berthier and Pascal Silberzan
5. Introduction to microfluidics by Patrick Tabeling
6. Economics of Biotechnology by T.V. S Rama Mohan Rao
7. Entrepreneurship and Business of Biotechnology by S. N. Jogdand
8. Economic dynamics of Modern Biotechnology by Maureen D. McKelvey, Annika
Rickne, Jens Laage -Hellman
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PAPER – PSLSC403: Environmental Biotechnology
Unit I: Biological Controls and Biopesticides (15L)
Chemical Pesticides: Spectrum of chemical pesticides for control of biotic stress: uses,
advantages and disadvantages.
Spectrum of biological pesticides : types, advantage on chemical pesticides, mode of act ion,
stability and formulation in natural and geneticall y modified organism, Selective targeting,
Molecular mechanism of resistance development and strategies including integrated pest
management.
Biopesticides from Plants : Neem and pyrethrins, mode of a ction on insect pests, Bio -control
against fungal diseases of plants.
Biological Controls: Viral/ fungal/ bacterial parasites for control of insects pests, ife cycle,
symptoms and mode of action.
Unit II :Nitrogen Fixation and Biofertilizers (15L)
Nitro gen fixation: Molecular genetics: nif genes and regulation of nif gene expression.
Biofertilizer : definition, methods of manufacture,application to soil and seed.
Aquaponics: fish culture and plant culture using this water.
Composting: physical and chemi cal factors, microbiology, health risk from pathogens, odour
sources.
Mycor rhiza: Types, importance to pla nt health (nutrient uptake, resistance to stress,
microbial symbiosis), importance of network analysis, role in ecosystem (Plant to plant
interaction ).
Biofuels: Liquid and gaseous. Bioenergy: Biofuels - Introduction, in the form of gas –
hydrogen and methane (biogas), biofuel in form of liquid – ethanol and diesel, biofuel from
phytoplankton.
Unit III: Bioremediation (15L)
Solid management: Types, nee d, unit processes, laws and regulations.
Adaptation: Effect of metals and salts on the growth of microbes and higher organisms,
Different adaptation mechanism to tolerate higher concentration of metals by organisms.
Bioremediation: using natural, genetica lly engineere d bacterial systems and plants with
examples.
Biotech nology of coal
Bio-mineralization : Concept, Heaps and Dumps .
Unit IV: Phyt oremedition and Phytomining (15L)
Phytoremediation: Types of phytoremediation , Restoration of soil, water and a ir quality
citing suitable examples .
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Phytomini ng: Indicator plants, extraction of valuable minerals/ metals from low grade ore/
soils.
Biotechnology in gold mining/ extraction.
PRACTICALS: PSLSCP403
1. Soil analysis ‐ nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride, organic matter, & calcium carbonate
content
2. Waste water analysis ‐ pH, COD, BOD, Hardness, Halides, Total solids,
3. Effect of Neem pesticides on plant pathogens
4. Waste water analysis - alkalinity and chloride
5. Staining of myc orrhiza from root tips
6. Analysis of heavy metals uptake by plants
7. Identification of indicator plants for environmental conditions
8. Biofuels production
References:
1. Environmental Biotechnology by M. H. Fulekar
2. Environmental Sciences: Odum
3. Environmental Biotec hnology: Alan Scragg
4. Environmental Biotechnology: Bimal Bhattachraya and Ritu Banerjee
5. Environmental pollution control engineering. C. S. Rao. New Age International
Publishers.
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PAPER – PSLSC404 : Protein Traffi cking, Folding and E ngineering and Drug
Development
Unit I: Protein T rafficking and Targeting (15L)
N-glycosylation in the ER and Golgi (quality control, UPR, ERAD and proteosomal
degradation
Intracellular and membrane protein trafficking and targeting; Secretory pathways i n
prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Endocytic pathways; Signal sequences; Co -translational
transport (protease protection assay); Targeting of mitochondrial, chloroplast, peroxisomal
and nuclear proteins; V esicle biogenesis and ER to Golgi transport; ER transloc ation of
polypeptides (soluble and transmembrane); ER chaperons; SNAPs and SNAREs; Methods of
studying Protein Transport; Disorders of protein transport .
Unit II: Protein folding and Biomolecular Interactions (15L)
Protein Folding: Folding pathways; Inter mediates of protein folding; Compact
Intermediates; Hierarchical and non -heirarchical folding mechanisms; Molten globule
structure; Role of chaperons (trigger factor, prefoldin), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90),
chaperonins (Group I & II) and enzymes in protein folding (PDI, PPI). Protein folding
disorders.
Biomolecular Interactions and Diseases .
Structural and functional aspects of proteins and DNA : Relationships between structure
and function and their role in human disease s; Protein -DNA interactions; Protein -RNA
interactions; Protein -protein interactions; Protein aggregation; Non -enzymatic glycosylat ion
(Protein -sugar interaction); Methods to study these interactions.
Molecular basis of disease : methods for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; Advanced
techniques used in the diagnostics of diseases due to structural alteration.
Unit I II: Natural products
History of natural drugs, Sources of natural drug s - Plants, Animals, Microorganisms ;
Primary metabolit es: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and their importance to
plants ; Secondary metabolites: Types, mechanism of synthesis, Importance in plants and for
mankind as fragrance, pigments, flavours and medicines
Unit IV : Activity Guided Drug Development
Plant collection and Extract preparations: Methods of Plant collection, solvent extraction
(cold, hot, critical fluid extraction etc), screening of medicinal properties; Natural products:
methods of identification (Qualita tive and Quantitative), isolation and purification
(Chromatography), Characterization (LC-MS, GC-MS, NMR, XRD, Elemental analysis etc);
Bio efficacy studies: In vitro testing - Antimicrobi al, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant,
Antiinflammatory, antilarvicidal etc. ; Pre-clinical and clinical trials.
PRACTICALS: PSLSCP404:
Research Project
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References:
1. Chemistry of Natural Products by Sujata V. Bhat , B.A. Nagasampagi , Meenakshi
Sivak umar (Springer Publication)
2. Indian Uses of Native Plants by Edith Van Allen Murph ey
3. Plant Taxonomy ( 2nd Edition) by Sharma
4. Plant Drug analysis by H. Wagner
5. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants by Bob B . Buchanan
6. Plant Secondary Metabolites
Volume 1: Biological and Therapeutic Significance
Volume 2: Stimulation, Extractio n, and Utilization by Kamlesh Prasad,
7. Vasudha Bansal Herbal Cosmetics & Ayurvedic Medicines by P. K. Chattopadhyay
8. Textbook of Cli nical Trials by David Machin, Simon Day, Sylvan Green
9. Plant Bioactives and Drug Discovery: Principles, Practice, and Perspectives , 1st
Edition Valdir Cechine l-Filho , Wiley Publication.
10. Drug Discovery from Plants By Angela A. Salim, Young -Won Chin, A. Douglas
Kinghorn (Springer publication)
11. Bioassay Methods in Natural Product Research and Drug Development By Lars
Bohlin, Jan G. Bruhn (Springer Publication)
12. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox
13. Biochemistry by Stryer
14. Biochemistry by Harper
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SEMESTER III
COURSE
CODE
Theory PSLSCT301 PSLSCT302 PSLSCT303 PSLSCT30 4 Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100
Practicals PSLSCP301 PSLSCP302 PSLSCP303 PSLSCT304
- 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50
SEMESTER IV
COURSE
CODE
Theory PSLSCT 401 PSLSCT 402 PSLSCT 403 PSLSCT404 Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
Internal
External
Total
40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100
Practicals PSLSCP 401 PSLSCP 402 PSLSCP 403 PSLSCT404
- 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50 - 50 50