MSc I Botany New Syllabi 1 Syllabus Mumbai University

Page 1

Page 2

Copy to : -
1. The Deputy Registrar, Academic Authorities Meetings and Services
(AAMS),
2. The Deputy Registrar, College Affiliations & Development
Department (CAD),
3. The Deputy Registrar, (Admissions, Enrolment, Eligibility and
Migration Department (AEM),
4. The Deputy Registrar, Research Administration & Promotion Cell
(RAPC),
5. The Deputy Registrar, Executive Authorities Section (EA),
6. The Deputy Registrar, PRO, Fort, (Publi cation Section),
7. The Deputy Registrar, (Special Cell),
8. The Deputy Registrar, Fort/ Vidyanagari Administration Department
(FAD) (VAD), Record Section,
9. The Director, Institute of Distance and Open Learni ng (IDOL Admin),
Vidyanagari,
They are requested to treat this as action taken report on the concerned
resolution adopted by the Academic Council referred to in the above circular
and that on separate Action Taken Report will be sent in this connection.

1. P.A to Hon’ble Vice -Chancellor,
2. P.A Pro -Vice-Chancellor,
3. P.A to Registrar,
4. All Deans of all Faculties,
5. P.A to Finance & Account Officers, (F.& A.O),
6. P.A to Director, Board of Examinations and Evaluation,
7. P.A to Director, Innovation, Incubation and Linkages,
8. P.A to Director, Board of Lifelong Learning and Extension (BLLE),
9. The Director, Dept. of Information and Communication Technology
(DICT) (CCF & UCC), Vidyanagari,
10. The Director of Board of Student Development,
11. The Director, Dep artment of Students Walfare (DSD),
12. All Deputy Registrar, Examination House,
13. The Deputy Registrars, Finance & Accounts Section,
14. The Assistant Registrar, Administrative sub -Campus Thane,
15. The Assistant Registrar, School of Engg. & Applied Sciences, Kalyan ,
16. The Assistant Registrar, Ratnagiri sub -centre, Ratnagiri,
17. The Assistant Registrar, Constituent Colleges Unit,
18. BUCTU,
19. The Receptionist,
20. The Telephone Operator,
21. The Secretary MUASA

for information.

Page 3

1
AC_________________ Item No. ____________ UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Program : M.Sc. Course : Botany Syllabus for Semester I and II (Choice Based Credit System with effect from the Academic year 2020-21) Cover Page

Page 4

2

Page 5

3 PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES FOR MSc BOTANY AT THE END OF SEMESTER I AND II THE STUDENTS WOULD HAVE ACQUIRED THE FOLLOWING SKILLS:
COURSE OUTCOMES COURSE CODE TITLE AND LEARNING OUTCOMES PSBO101 Plant Diversity-Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) The students will be able to: • Classify algae into various groups, understand the importance in various fields and will be able to collect and identify them • Classify fungi into various groups, understand the role of fungi in various fields and will be able to collect and identify fungi, fungal pathogens and culture them. PSBO102 Plant Diversity – Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) Learning outcomes: The students will be able to differentiate between gymnosperms and angiosperms , study their origin and nomenclature, understand evolutionary theories for origin of Angiosperms, understand characteristics of selected Angiosperm families and learn the rules governing the code of botanical nomenclature, also learn the recent developments as in molecular systematics. PSBO103 Plant Physiology Students should be able to understand how to apply the basic concepts of Plant Physiology in other fields and also to know and 1. Students will be able to identify the major groups of organisms amongst plants and be able to classify them within a phylogenetic framework. Students will be able to compare and contrast the characteristics of Cryptogams and Phanerogams that differentiate them from each other and from other forms of life. 2. Students will be able to explain how organisms function at the level of the gene, genome, cell, tissue, organ and organ-system. Drawing upon this knowledge, they will be able to give specific examples of the physiological adaptations, development, reproduction and behaviour of different forms of life. 3. Students will be able to explicate the ecological interconnectedness of life on earth by studying ecological principles and nutrient flow through the environment. They will be able to relate the physical features of the environment to the structure of populations, communities, and ecosystems. 4. Students will be able to use the evidence of comparative biology to explain how the theory of evolution offers the only scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life on earth. They will be able to use specific examples to explicate how descent with modification has shaped plant morphology, physiology, and life history. 5. Students will be able to carry out a thorough study of the active constituents of medicinal plants with an emphasis on the use of plant based food as medicine. 6. Students will be able to demonstrate proficiency in the experimental techniques and methods of analysis appropriate for understanding the above.

Page 6

4 discuss the concept of physiological processes of plants. PSBO104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Students will be able to understand the control points in a cell cycle, Study and apply principles of microbial genetics, understand recombinant DNA technology and study applications of the same for the improvement of crops. PSBO201 Plant Diversity- Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) The student will be able to: Classify Bryophytes into various groups, study their importance Classify Pteridophytes into various groups, study their importance and multiplication of important ferns PSBO202 Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology) Students will be able to understand the development of pollen, spore, fertilization and to apply palynological information to plant systematics PSBO203 Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany The students should be able to: • Distinguish key physiological processes underlying the seed germination • Identify the physiological factors that regulate growth and developmental processes of plants • Demonstrate clear understanding of crop-environment interaction and its implication on crop growth and yield • Integrate and apply their knowledge of crop physiology for analytical thinking and solving practical problems experienced in agricultural systems To understand and apply ecological principles and understand legislation and measures to solve environmental problems. PSBO204 MEDICINAL BOTANY AND DIETETICS Students will be able to identify medicinal plants and understand the effects of plant chemical constituents on humans and the use of plants in Dietetics and as nutraceuticals. COURSE OUTCOMES COURSE CODE TITLE AND LEARNING OUTCOMES PSBO101 Plant Diversity-Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) The students will be able to: • Classify algae into various groups, understand the importance in various fields and will be able to collect and identify them • Classify fungi into various groups, understand the role of fungi in various fields and will be able to collect and identify fungi, fungal pathogens and culture them. PSBO102 Plant Diversity – Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) Learning outcomes: The students will be able to differentiate between gymnosperms and angiosperms , study their origin and nomenclature, understand evolutionary theories for origin of Angiosperms, understand

Page 7

5 characteristics of selected Angiosperm families and learn the rules governing the code of botanical nomenclature, also learn the recent developments as in molecular systematics. PSBO103 Plant Physiology Students should be able to understand how to apply the basic concepts of Plant Physiology in other fields and also to know and discuss the concept of physiological processes of plants. PSBO104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Students will be able to understand the control points in a cell cycle, Study and apply principles of microbial genetics, understand recombinant DNA technology and study applications of the same for the improvement of crops. PSBO201 Plant Diversity- Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) The student will be able to: Classify Bryophytes into various groups, study their importance Classify Pteridophytes into various groups, study their importance and multiplication of important ferns PSBO202 Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology) Students will be able to understand the development of pollen, spore, fertilization and to apply palynological information to plant systematics PSBO203 Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany The students should be able to: • Distinguish key physiological processes underlying the seed germination • Identify the physiological factors that regulate growth and developmental processes of plants • Demonstrate clear understanding of crop-environment interaction and its implication on crop growth and yield • Integrate and apply their knowledge of crop physiology for analytical thinking and solving practical problems experienced in agricultural systems To understand and apply ecological principles and understand legislation and measures to solve environmental problems. PSBO204 MEDICINAL BOTANY AND DIETETICS Students will be able to identify medicinal plants and understand the effects of plant chemical constituents on humans and the use of plants in Dietetics and as nutraceuticals.

Page 8

6 SYLLABUS MSc I BOTANY SEMESTER I 2020-21 Course Code TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week PSBO101 Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I ( Algae and Fungi) 4 UNIT I Algae 1 UNIT II Applied Phycology 1 UNIT III Fungi 1 UNIT IV Plant Pathology 1 PSBOP101 Practical based on the course : Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I ( Algae and Fungi) 2

Page 9

7 Course Code Topic Credits: 4 PSBO101 Plant Diversity-Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) UNIT 1 Algae • Classification of Algae up to orders, according to the system proposed by G.M Smith. • General account of the chloroplasts and chromatophores in different groups of algae • Asexual and Sexual spore bearing structures in various groups of algae • Life cycle of Scytonema, Nitella, Padina and Dictyota. • Diversity and distribution of marine algae in Maharashtra. 1
UNIT 2 Applied Phycology • Culturing of algae and preservation • Contributions of Eminent Algologists in India: M. O. P. Iyengar and T. V. Desikachary. • Economic importance of algae with reference to : Food, Agriculture - Fodder, Biofuel, Biofertilizers, Industry: Agar agar, Medicine, Sewage disposal, Water pollution, Energy production. • Cultivation of algae with special reference to Chlorella and Spirulina 1
UNIT 3 Fungi • Classification of fungi up to orders, according to the system proposed by Alexopoulos (1962). • General account of vegetative structure of unicellular and multicellular Mycelia, Septa, Hyphal modifications in various groups of fungi • General account of spore bearing organs and their arrangements in various groups of fungi. • Spore release and dispersal – with special reference to Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina • Life cycle of Stemonitis, Phytophthoraand 1

Page 10

8 PSBOP101 Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I ( Algae and Fungi) 2 • Study of following type with reference to their systematic position, thallus and reproductive structures: Scytonema, Lyngbya, Anabaena, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Ulothrix, Enteromorpha, Pithophora, Closterium, Nitella, Padina, Gracilaria and Dictyota. • Extraction of algal pigments and their separation by paper chromatography. • Culturing of Chlorella and Spirulina algae • Culturing of Penicillium by streak method • Study of the following types with reference to their systematic position, thallus and reproductive structures: Stemonitis, Saprolegnia, Phytophthora, Penicillium, Peziza, Polyporus, Daedalea, Fusarium and Trichoderma. • Study of the disease mentioned in the syllabus (theory) with reference to the symptoms, Causal organisms, Disease cycle and Control measures.
Peziza. • Mycorrhiza: type, distribution and significance with reference to agriculture and forestry UNIT 4 Plant Pathology • Integrated management of diseases • Study of the following diseases with reference to occurrence, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle, predisposing factors and control measures of the following diseases: a. Red rot of Sugarcane (Colletotrichum falcatum) b. Blast of Rice (Pyricularia oryzae) c. Wilt of Arhar/ Tur (Fusarium oxysporum) d. Green ear of Bajra (Sclerospora graminicola) e. Angular leaf spot of Cotton (Xanthomonas axonopodis) 1
Learning outcomes: The students will be able to: • Classify algae into various groups, understand the importance in various fields and will be able to collect and identify them • Classify fungi into various groups, understand the role of fungi in various fields and will be able to collect and identify fungi, fungal pathogens and culture them.

Page 11

9 M. Sc. Sem I (Practical) Examination (09.00 AM to 2.00 PM) BOTANY-PRACTICAL-I PSBOP101 [Plant Diversity – Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi)] Skeleton Question Paper Time: 9.00 am To 2.00 pm Max. Marks: 50 1) Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner. 2) Use of logarithm tables / simple calculator is allowed. Q. 1. Identify, classify and describe the morphological / reproductive structures observed in specimens A, B, C and D (20) Q.2. Identify any three algae in the given mixture E (06) Q.3. Separate the algal pigments by paper chromatography from the given sample F (05) Q.4. Identify and describe slides/ specimen G, H and I (09) Q.5. Journal (05) Q.6. Viva-voce (05) KEY A and B :(Scytonema, Lyngbya, Anabaena, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Ulothrix, Enteromorpha, Pithophora, Closterium, Nitella, Padina, Gracilaria and Dictyota.) C and D Stemonitis, Saprolegnia, Phytophthora, Penicillium, Peziza, Polyporus, Daedalea, Fusarium and Trichoderma E Mixture of six algae F Separation of algal pigments by paper chromatography G, H, I Red rot of sugar cane/ Blast of rice/ Wilt of tur or arhar/Green ear of bajra/ Angular leaf spot of cotton/ algae and fungi other than given above ****************************************************************

Page 12

10 Course Code Title Credits PSBO102 Plant Diversity – Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) 4 Unit I: Gymnosperms I 1. Classification of Gymnosperms up to orders according to the system proposed by C. J. Chamberlain. 2. Characters of Gymnosperms which resemble and differ from Pteridophytes, Angiosperms. 3. General characters; affinities and interrelationships of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales, Cordaitales and Ginkgoales. 4. Life cycle of Zamia and Araucaria 1 Unit II: Origin of Angiosperms 1. Nature of probable ancestors of angiosperms Ø Isoetes monocotyledon theory Ø Coniferales amentiferae theory Ø Gnetales angiosperm theory Ø Bennettitalean theory Ø Caytonialean theory Ø Pentoxylales theory 2. Primitive and advanced character in angiosperms. 1
Unit : III Angiosperms I 1. Study of following families with reference to its systematic position, distribution, floral formula, floral diagram, affinities, morphological peculiarities, economically important plants and their uses. Menispermaceae, Brassicaceae, Tiliaceae, Portulacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Rutaceae, Celastraceae, Sapindaceae, Crassulaceae, Lythraceae, Gentianaceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae. 1
Unit : IV Angiosperms II 1. International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (I.C.N.) Principles and Rules and recommendation. 2 Systems of classification a. Introduction to Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic System of classification b. Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification up to orders c. Introduction to A. P. G. systems. 3 Taxonomy as synthetic branch- Introduction, type function values of taxonomic characters- numerical taxonomy, Molecular systematics. 1
Learning outcomes: The students will be able to differentiate between gymnosperms and angiosperms , study their origin and nomenclature, understand evolutionary theories for origin of Angiosperms, understand characteristics of selected Angiosperm families and learn the rules governing the code of botanical nomenclature, also learn the recent developments as in molecular systematics.

Page 13

11 PSBOP102 Plant Diversity – Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) 2 Gymnosperms: A study of following types • Cycadeoidea(Fossil) • Williamsonia (Fossil) • Zamia • Cupressus • Araucaria • Podocarpus Angiosperms: • A study of the angiosperm families mentioned in theory with reference to their morphological peculiarities and economic importance of its members. • Identification of genus and species with the help of flora (In addition to the above mentioned families, all families studied in undergraduate classes are included)

Page 14

12 University of Mumbai M. Sc. Sem I (Practical) EXAMINATION BOTANY-PRACTICAL-II PSBOP102 [Plant Diversity –Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms & Angiosperms)] Time: 9.00 am To 2.00 pm Max. Marks: 50 Skeleton Question Paper N.B. Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner. Q1 Identify, classify and describe specimen A. (06) Q2(a) Assign specimens B and C to their respective families giving reasons. Draw the floral diagram and give the floral formulae. Sketch and label the L.S. of the flower and T.S. of ovary. (18) (b) With the help of flora, identify the genus and species of specimen D (05) Q3(a) Describe the morphological peculiarities of specimen E (05) (b) Give the economic importance of specimen F (03) Q4 Identify and describe specimen/slide G (03) Q5 Journal (05) Q6 Field Report (05) ---------------------------------------------------------------- KEY A Zamia, Cupressus, Araucaria and Podocarpus - stem, male cone, female cone B and C Menispermaceae, Brassicaceae, Tiliaceae, Portulacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Rutaceae, Celastraceae, Sapindaceae, Crassulaceae, Lythraceae, Gentianaceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae. D Flora- Any plant from FYBSc to MSc families can be given. E Any plant from FYBSc to MSc families can be given. F Any part of the plant from MSc part I families can be given G Fossil

Page 15

13 SEMESTER I Paper III Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week PSBO103 Title of the Paper: Plant Physiology I Photosynthesis I 4 1 II Photosynthesis II 1 III Proteins 1 IV Plant Hormones 1 Detailed Syllabus Course Code Title: Plant Physiology Credits PSBO103 4 Unit I: Photosynthesis I (Eukaryotes) 1. ATP synthesis in chloroplasts (chemiosmotic hypothesis) 2. Regulation of C3, C4 and CAM pathways of photosynthesis: C3 plants: Role of light, regulation of RUBISCO C4 plants: Role of light, regulation of PEPcase, transport of metabolites, carbonic anhydrase, NADP-MDH and PPDK Regulation of CAM through transport of metabolites. 3. Pentose Phosphate Pathway and its importance, effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 1 Unit II: Photosynthesis II (Prokaryotes) Photosynthesis of prokaryotes: Classification of photosynthetic bacteria, Pigment systems, CO2 fixation in bacteria and cyanobacteria, Structure and mechanism of light harvesting complex, Reductive TCA cycle. 1 Unit : III Proteins Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structural features and their analysis – Theoretical and experimental; protein folding – biophysical and cellular aspects, Role of chaperons in protein folding. 1 Unit : IV Plant Growth Regulators Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid, Brassinosteroids and Jasmonic acid; Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown, transport and their physiological responses. 1 Learning outcomes: Students should be able to understand how to apply the basic concepts of Plant Physiology in other fields and also to know and discuss the concept of physiological processes of plants.

Page 16

14 Practical PSBOP103 Plant Physiology 2 4 Major experiments 1. Enzyme kinetics: Determination of Km and Vmax of the enzyme amylase (purified amylase). 2. Extraction of cellulase from a suitable fungal culture and study of enzyme activity by DNSA method. 3. Immobilisation of yeast cells and study of invertase activity. 4. Quantitative study of diurnal fluctuation in Titratable Acid Number (TAN) in a CAM plant. 5. Extraction and estimation of GOT and GPT from suitable plant material. 6. Determine the Chl a/Chl b ratio in C3& C4 plants. Minor experiment 1. Separation of organic acids by paper chromatography. 2. Separation of sugars by paper chromatography. 3. A study of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, from potato peels. 4. Solvent extraction of chlorophyll a/b, xanthophylls and study of absorption pattern. 5. Estimation of the total nitrogen content of a plant using Kjeldahl’s method.

Page 17

15 University of Mumbai M. Sc. Botany (Semester-I) Practical Examination Skeleton Question Paper Plant Physiology PSBOP103 Practical – III Time: 9.00 am To 2.00 pm Max. Marks: 50 N. B. 1) Candidates should show their slides/preparations/results for all questions to the examiners. 2) Use of logarithm tables/simple calculator is allowed. Q.1 Perform the given experiments A & B (major) and analyze the results. (30) Q.2 Perform the given experiment C (minor) and analyze the results. (10) Q.3 Journal (05) Q.4 Viva-voce (05) **************

Page 18

16 MSc Sem 1 Paper IV Theory Course Code Title Credits PSBO104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 4 Unit I: Cytogenetics Cell division and cell cycle: Steps in cell cycle and control of cell cycle. Check points during cell cycle-G1 to S, progression of S phase, G2 to M phase, Anaphase check points and components involved as regulators of check points, role of cyclins and CDKs, synthesis and degradation of cyclins, structural features of CDKs and cyclins, activation and inactivation of CDKs; role of E2Fs, and DP proteins, P53, different types of Cyclin dependent CDKs, CDC25, CAKs, Wee1 proteins, nim-proteins, SCFs, Anaphase Promoting Complexes APC (cyclosomes), replication origin and replication initiation complexes. Centrosome activation- structure, duplication of centrosomes, Role of nucleophosmins, organization of mitotic apparatus, binding of tractile fibers to kinetochore complexes, molecular motors involved in movement of chromosomes to equatorial plate and in anaphase movement; cytokinesis by cleavage and phragmoplast formation- different gene products and structures involved and the mechanisms of cytokinesis.
Unit II: Molecular Biology Microbial Genetics: Molecular basis of transformation, transduction, Conjugation; fine structure of the gene, T4 Phage, complementation analysis, deletion mapping, cis-trans tests. Tetrad analysis in Neurospora: Linkage detection (2 genes and centromere) Unit : III Recombinant DNA Technology General information onSV-40, Vaccinia, Baculovirus& retroviral vectors. Use of YAC or YEp of yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) as effective cloning vectors because of their high copy numbers in production of HBsAg vaccine Use of BAC and its advantages Strategies to create Transgenic plants with herbicide resistance: Following strategies to be studied in detail with reference to herbicide Glyphosate resistance: a) Overexpression of the target protein by using a strong promoter. b) Improved plant detoxification resulting in a more and faster conversion of toxic herbicide to non-toxic or less toxic compound. c) Detoxification of herbicide by using a foreign gene. d) Mutation of target protein Methods of modifying the Diazotrophs (N2 fixing bacteria) by Gene alterations in Rhizobium sp. to a) Improve nitrogen fixing efficiency and bacterial and host

Page 19

17 plant interaction. b) Induce symbiotic relationship with non- leguminous plants such as wheat, rice and corn c) Transfer of gene for nitrogen fixation from Rhizobiumsps. to other bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Unit : IV Applications of Recombinant DNA technology Resistance to biotic stress: a)Transgenic plants with insect resistance: Resistance genes from microbes: Gene from Bacillus thuringenesis, Cholesterol oxidase of Streptomyces culture filtrate, Isopentenyl transferase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Resistance genes from higher plants: Genes for Proteinase inhibitors: eg. Cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (CpTi), Genes for alpha amylase inhibitors. b)Transgenic plants with viral resistance: Employing virus encoded genes or virus coat proteins; e.g. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene were developed which express high level of resistance to TMV Improvement of nutritional content and Quality: a) Increase in sweetness and flavor in fruits and vegetables for e.g. Monellin gene from African plant (Dioscorephylum cumminsii)- introduction in tomato and lettuce b)Increase and change in the quality oils in Brassica species (increase in medium chain fatty acids and converting unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids). c)Increase in starch content (potato). Transgenics for delayed fruit ripening and extended shelf life-Tomato. Transgenic plants: Plantibodies, vaccines, Biopolymers and vitamins. Transgenic plants in floriculture: Increase in the shelf life of cut flowers - (Carnation flowers), Genetic engineering of Orchids, Genetic manipulation of flower pigmentation. Genetic engineering for inducing Male Sterility in plants. Transgenic plants for enhancing phytoremediation.
Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to understand the control points in a cell cycle, Study and apply principles of microbial genetics, understand recombinant DNA technology and study applications of the same for the improvement of crops.

Page 20

18 MSc Sem 1 Paper IV Practical
PSBOP104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 2 1. Preparation of cytological stains, fixatives and pre-treatment agents. 2. Squash preparation from pre-treated root tips (Colchicine/ Paradichlorobenzene/ Aesculin. 3. Squash preparation from mutagen treated root tips for study of aberrations. 4. Smear preparation from any suitable plant material. 5. Problems based on: a. Restriction map analysis and construction of restriction maps, b. Tetrad analysis in Neurospora – two genes and centromere. c. Deletion mapping in Bacteriophage.

Page 21

19 University of Mumbai M. Sc. Botany (Semester-I) Practical Examination Skeleton Question Paper Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology PSBOTP 104 Time: 9.00 am To 2.00 pm Max. Marks: 50 N.B. 1) Candidate should show their slides preparations/results for all questions to the examiners. 2) Use of logarithm tables/simple calculator is allowed 3) Use of Mobile phones is not allowed. Q. 1. Make a squash preparation of the pre-treated specimen A and identify the anomalies. (10) Q. 2. Make a smear preparation from the anthers of specimen B to show the stages of Meiosis. Comment on the same. (10) Q. 3 Construct a restriction map / deletion map for the given DNA strand from the data provided ‘C’. (08) Q. 4 Construct a linkage map for the chromosome of Neurospora from the given Data ‘D’ (12) Q .5. Journal. (05) Q. 6. Viva-voce. (05) Key: A – Pre-treated Onion root tips B – Tradescantia discolor buds C – Restriction map/ deletion map problem D – Neurospora - tetrad analysis problem

Page 22

20 REFERENCE BOOKS 1.Chapman, V. J. 1962. The Algae. Macmillan & Co. Ltd. 2. Fritsch, F. E. (Vol. I, II) 1977. The structure and reproduction of Algae. Cambridge University Press. 3. Gilbert M Smith.1951. Manual of Phycology. Chronica. Botanica Co. 4. Gilbert M Smith. 1971. Cryptogamic Botany (Vol. 1): Algae and Fungi. Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Harold C Bold, Michael J Wynne 1978. Introduction to Algae: Structure and reproduction. Prentice Hall 6. M O P Iyengar and T V Desikachary 1981. ICAR Publication. 7. Pringsheim E G 1949. Pure culture of Algae. Cambridge University Press. 8. Sambamurty A V S. 2005. A Textbook of Algae. I K International publishers Pvt Ltd. 9. Sharma O P.2011. Textbook of Algae. Tata McGraw Hill. 10. Singh V, Pandey P C and Jain D K. 2010.Text book of Botany, Rastogi Publication. 11. Alexopoulos C.J., Mims, C.W. & Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th edition. John Wiley& Sons lnc. 12. Ainsworth, G.C., Sparrow, K.F.&. Susmann, A.S.(Eds.) 1973.The Fungi - An Advanced Treatise. Vol 1 -4. Academic Press. 13. Burnett, J.H. 1970. Fundamentals of Mycology. Edward Amolds. 14. Dubey, H.C. 1990. An lntroduction to Fungi. 2nd Edition. Vikas Publishers, New Delhi. 15. Hale Mason, E. 1983. The Biology of Lichens. 3rd Ed. Edward Arnold, London. 16. Jennings, D.H. & Lysek, G. 1999. Fungal |Biology. Bios Scientific Publishers. 17. Mehrotra, R.S. & Aneja, K.R. 1990. An Introduction to Mycology. New Age International Publishers. 18. Landecker, Elizabeth Moore. 1996. Fundamentals of Fungi. 4th Ed. Prentice Hall. 19. Nair, M.C. &Balakrishnan, S. 1986. Beneficial fungi and their utilization. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. 20. Nash, T.H. 1996. Lichen Biology. Cambridge University Press. Webster, John 1980. Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press. 21. Agrios, G. N. 1997. Plant pathology. 4th Ed., Academic Press. 22. Bilgrami, K.H. &Dube, H C. A Text Book of Modern Plant Pathology. Vikas Publishers, New Delhi. 23. Mehrotra, R.S.1980. Plant Pathology. Tata McGraw Hill. 24. Pandey, B. P. 1999. Plant Pathology -pathogen and plant disease. S. Chand & Co.

Page 23

21 25. Alberts. B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K and Watson, J.D. (1994). Molecular Biology of the cell. Garland Publisher Inc., New York 26. Altman, A ( 1997), Agricultural Biotechnology 27. Ashwini Kumar and Sudhir K. Sopory (2008) Recent Advances in Plant Biotechnology and its applications Prof. Karl- Hermann Commemorative Volume, IK International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 28. Brown Terence A. (2002) Genomes, Oxford: Wiley-Liss; John Wiley sons 29. Buchnan B.B., W,Gruissem and R.L.Jones (2004) Biochemistry and Molecular biology of Plants by I.K. International Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi 30. Channarayappa (2007) Molecular Biotechnology : Principles and practice , Universities Press Pvt Ltd. 31. Clark, P.D. and Pazdernik, J.N. (2009). Biotechnology. Elsevier Academic press, London. 32. Cooper Geoffrey M. And Hausman Robert E. (2009) The Cell – A Molecular Approach, 5th Edition, ASM Press and Sinauer Associates INC. 33. Daneil J.H and Lodish D. (1995). Molecular Cell Biology. Baltimore Scientific American Book 34. Eduardo Diego Patricio De Robertis, EMF De Robertis (1988), Cell and molecular. biology, International Ed. Inst. Med. Ltd 35. Elliot and Elliot. (2001). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Oxford University Press. 36. Gerald Karp. (1996). Cell and Molecular Biology. John Wiley and Sons. Inc 37. Glick B. and J. Pasternak, , (2003) Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA , 3rd Edition, American Society of Microbiology 38. Hyde David R, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mcgraw Hill 39. Lewin Benjamin. Genes, Oxford University Press. 40. Lewis R. Human Genetics, Concepts and applications 41. Lodish, H., Ber, A., Zipuoskry, L.S., Matsudaira, P., Bahimore, D and Damell J. (2001) 42. Molecular Biology W.H Freeman G Co. 47 43. Michael Molls, Peter Vaupel, Carsten Nieder, Mitchell Steven Anscher (2009) The Impact of Tumor Biology on Cancer Treatment and Multidisciplinary Strategies Springer Science and Business Media Nigg Erich A. (2004) Centrosomes in development and disease, Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 44. Pollard J.P. and W.C. Earnshaw. (2002). Cell Biology 45. Sunders Russell PJ (2001) iGenetics: A molecular Approach, Pearson 46. Simmons M.J. Principles of Genetics, John Wiley and Sons.

Page 24

22 47. Slater, A., Scott, W.N. and Flower, R.M. (2008). Plant Biotechnology. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press Inc., New York. 48. Watson James D. Molecular Biology of the Gene, Pearson. 49. Gymnosperms Structure And Evolution by Chamberlain C.J. 50. A textbook of Gymnosperms by Vyas, Purohit and Garg. Ramesh book depot, Jaipur. 51. Gymnosperms, by P.C.. Vashishta. 1983. VAS g. Publisher, New Delhi. 52. Charles Joseph Chamberlain and John Merle Coulter, 1910, Morphology of Gymnosperms. 53. K. R. Sporne. The morphology of gymnosperms. 54. A.K. Mondal (2005). Advanced plant taxonomy, New Central book agency (p) Ltd, London. 55. A.N. Henry and M. Chandrabose, 1980, Anaid to ICBN, Today tomorrow printers and publishers. 56. Cole A. J. 1969, Numerical Taxonomy, Academic Press, London. 57. Cronquist A. 1981, An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, Columbia University Press, N.Y. 58. Davis, P. Hand V.H. Heywood, 1963, Principles of angiosperm taxonomy, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. 59. Gurucharan Singh, 2021 (4th Ed) , Plant Systematics: Integrated Approach, Oxford and IBH publishers. 60. Heywood, V.H. 1967, Plant Taxonomy, Edward Arnold publishers, London. 61. Gurucharan Singh 2018. Plant. Systematics: Theory and Practics 62. Jeffery, C. 1973. Biological Nomenclature, Edward Arnold publishers, London. 63. George H.M. 1967, Taxonomy of Vascular plants, Oxford and IBH publishers. 64. Naik V.N. 1999. Taxonomy of Angiosperms, Tata-MacGraw Hill Publishers, Co. Ltd. 65. Sharma O.P. 1988. Plant Taxonomy.

Page 25

23 66. Samuel Jones 1987. Plant systematics, Tata-MacGraw Hill Publishers, Co. Ltd. 67. Sivarajan V.V. 1991, Introduction to principles of plant taxonomy, Oxford and IBH publishers, New Delhi. 68. Sneath R.H.A. & R.R. Sokal, 1973. Numerical Taxonomy, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 69. Vasudevan Nair R. 1997. Plant systematics, Oxford and IBH publishers. 70. V.V. Sivarajan, 1991. Introduction to Principles of plant Taxonomy, Oxford and IBH publishers. 71. Plant physiology by Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger 72. Introduction to plant biochemistry by T W Goodwin and E I Mercer 73. Fundamentals of biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith G Voet Biochemistry by Zubay

Page 26

24 M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Choice Based Credit System To be implemented from the Academic year 2020--2021 SEMESTER II Course Code PSBO201 Title of the Paper- Plant Diversity- Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) I Bryophyta I 4 1 II Bryophyta II 1 III Pteridophyta I 1 IV Pteridophyta II 1 Course Code Title Credits PSBO201 Plant Diversity- Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) 4 Unit I: Bryophyta I 1.Classification of Bryophyta, up to orders, according to the system proposed by G. M. Smith. 2. Spore bearing organs in Bryophytes. 3. Alternation of generations in Bryophyta. 4.Type study of Targionia and Pogonatum. 1 Unit II: Bryophyta II 1.Origin and evolution of Bryophyta with reference to habitat and form 2. Diversity and distribution of Indian Bryophytes. 3. Bryophytes: Applied aspects: Agriculture, medicine, Food technology and environmental aspects. 4. Contribution of Shiv Ram Kashyap and S. C. Srivastava in Bryology. 1 Unit : III: Pteridophyta I 1. Classification of Pteridophyta, up to orders, according to the system proposed by G.M.Smith. 2. Heterospory and seed habit 3. Life cycle of Psilotum, Pteris and Azolla 1 Unit : IV Pteridophyta II 1. The geological time scale and a study of fossil Pteridophytes Horneophyton, Cladoxylon, Sphenophyllum, Coenopteris) 2. Cultivation and maintenance of ornamental Ferns. 3.Abnormalities in the life cycle-Apogamy and Apospory 4. Ethnomedicinal uses of Pteridophytes 1

Page 27

25 Learning outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Classify Bryophytes into various groups, study their importance Classify Pteridophytes into various groups, study their importance and multiplication of important ferns Practical Course Code Title Credits PSBOP201 Plant Diversity-Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pterdiophyta) 2 1.Study of vegetative and reproductive structures in Targionia, Plagiochasma, Fimbraria, Pellia and Pogonatum. 2. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures in : Isoetes, Ophioglossum, Pteris, Angiopteris, Lygodium and Azolla 3. Study of fossils :Horneophyton, Cladoxylon, Sphenophyllum, Coenopteris
University of Mumbai M. Sc. Sem II (Practical)EXAMINATION BOTANY-PRACTICAL- PSBOP201 [Plant Diversity – Cryptogams II ( Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) Skeleton Question Paper Time: 9:00 am-2:00 pm Max. Marks: 50 N.B. 1) Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner. 2) Use of logarithm tables /calculator is allowed. 1. Identify, classify and describe the morphological / reproductive structures observed in specimens A,B,C and D. (24) 2. Identify and describe slides/specimens E,F,G and H. (16) 3. Journal (05) 4. Viva-voce (05) Key: A, B, C and D: Bryophyta and Pteridophyta E, F, G and H: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Fossils (any 2)

Page 28

26 Course Code Title Credits PSBO202 Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology) I Anatomy I 4 1 II Anatomy II 1 III Developmental Botany 1 IV Palynology 1 Course Code Title Credits PSBO202 Plant Diversity- II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology) 4 Unit I: Anatomy I 1. Meristems: Definition type of meristems, apical cell theory, histogen theory and Tunica corpus theory 2. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristems; shoot and root development, leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition of flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum 1 Unit II: Anatomy II 1. Study of Tissue system: Sensory and tactile tissue system: Tactile sense organs, gravitational and optical sense organs. Secretory Tissues: Introduction, Glands, Digestive glands, Nectaries, Resin ducts and oils ducts, Laticiferous ducts. 2. Wood Anatomy: Coniferous and Angiosperm wood Parenchyma: Storied and non-storied wood parenchyma, Distribution of axial parenchyma Distribution of vessels Structure of rays Characters used in identification of wood. 1
Unit : III Developmental Botany 1. Male gametophyte: Pollen development and gene expression male sterility sperm dimorphism and hybrid seed production; pollen tube growth and guidance. 2. Female gametophyte; Types of embryo sacs; structure of embryo sac cells. 3. Pollination: Ultrastructural and histochemical details 1

Page 29

27 of style and stigma, self and interspecific incompatibility, significance of pollen-pistil interaction, role of pollen wall proteins and stigma surface proteins, barriers to fertilization, methods to overcome incompatibilities, intra-ovarian pollination; in-vitro pollination. 4. Fertilization: heterospermy, differential behavior of male gametes, discharge and movement of sperms; syngamy and triple fusion, post-fertilization metabolic & structural changes in embryo-sac. 5. Seed development and fruit growth; endosperm development during Early Maturation and Desiccation stages; embryogenesis, ultrastructure and nucellar cytology; cell lineage during late embryo development; storage proteins of endosperm and embryo; apomixis; embryo culture; dynamics of fruit growth; biochemistry and molecular biology of fruit maturation. Unit : IV Palynology 1. Special relationships of pollen grain in pollen tetrads. 2. Pollen Chemistry: Introduction, Chemical constituents of pollen-Major metabolites (Carbohydrates, Mineral content, Callose, Organic acids, Amino acids, Pigments, Vitamin. s, Hormones and steroids), Chemistry of pollen wall, Pollen wall proteins. 3. Palynotaxonomy: Introduction, Systematic palynology- Palynotaxonomy of monocots (Pandanales, Glumiflorae, Principes, Liliflorae and Scitaminae) and dicots (Centospermae, Rhoeadales, Rhamnales, Malvales, Umbelliflorae), Evolutionary trends among pollen grains based on palynotaxonomical work. 4. Utilization of pollen: Pollen as health food, Pollen as medicine, Pollen allergens for diagnosis and therapy. 1
Learning outcomes: Students will be able to understand the development of pollen, spore, fertilization and to apply palynological information to plant systematics

Page 30

28 Practical Course Code Title Credits PSBOP202 Spermatophyta II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology) 2 1. Study of wood elements in Annona, Michelia, Sterculia and Thuja & Araucaria using the maceration technique. 2. Study of the following leaves with respect to leaf surface characters (wax, cuticle, epidermis, stomata, epidermal outgrowth): Pistia, Ficus, Avicennia and Peperomia. 3. Study of vessels, parenchyma: Axial & Ray Parenchyma – Apotracheal: Terminal, Diffuse, Banded, Reticulate; Paratracheal: Vasicentric, Aliform, Confluent, Abaxial. Ray Parenchyma &Rays: Homogenous &Heterogenous Wood Fibres from dicotyledonous wood by temporary preparation. 4. Mounting of Glands- salt glands of halophytes- Avicennia, Ipomoea biloba, Sesuvium/Suaeda Nectaries- Euphorbiaceae and Combretaceae (at least 3 examples from each family) Resin ducts- Pinus Oils ducts- Citrus, Eucalyptus, Murraya Laticiferous ducts Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. Digestive glands- From permanent slides/ photomicrograph 5. Microtomy- Processing of material, Block making & staining (5 slides for submission). 6. Camera lucida sketches of parenchyma/ rays. 7. A study of types of ovules & types of embryo sacs with the help of permanent sides/photomicrographs. 8. In vitro germination of pollen grains, effect of temperature on pollen viability and short-term storage.

Page 31

29 9. Detection of amino-acids, sugars and lipids by paper/ Thin layer chromatography from pollen grains. 10. Study of the morphology of the pollen (using Chitale’s and acetolysis method) from the families studied in sem I & II M. Sc. Sem II (Practical) EXAMINATION BOTANY-PRACTICAL- PSBOP202 [Plant Diversity –SpermatophytaII(Anatomy, Developmental Botany &Palynology )] (Total Marks: 50) Skeleton Question Paper N.B. 1) Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner.
2) Use of logarithm tables /calculator is allowed. KEY: A- Annona, Michelia, Sterculia and Thuja andAraucaria B& C- Pistia, Ficus, Avicennia and Peperomia. Salt glands of halophytes- Avicennia, Ipomoeabiloba, Sesuvium/Suaeda Nectaries- Euphorbiaceae and Combretaceae (at least 3 examples from each family)Resin ducts- Pinus Oils ducts- Citrus, Eucalyptus, Murraya Laticiferous ducts- Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. D- Microtomy- Block making and trimming of block OR Ribbon cutting and mounting of ribbon on slide OR Double Staining of mounted ribbon on slide and preparing a permanent slide E- Palynology experiment: In vitro germination of pollen grains, effect of temperature on pollen viability and short-term storage Detection of amino-acids, sugars and lipids by paper/ Thin layer chromatography from pollen grains. F, G & H- Types of ovules and types of embryo sacs, Digestive glands, pollen grains, Anatomy not asked above. 1. Macerate the given material A. (05) 2. Prepare a T.S. of leaf material B to show _______________ &C to mount or show ____________. Draw neat & labelled sketches. (10) 3. Prepare a block of specimen D/ cut the ribbon of material D/ double stain the slide of material D. (08) 4. Perform the palynology experiment E allotted to you. (06) 5. Identify and describe slide/ specimen/ photomicrograph of F, G & H. (09) 6.a. Journal. (05) 6b. Submission of slides of Microtomy. (03) 7. Viva-voce. (04)

Page 32

30 Course Code Title Credits PSBO203 Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany 4 UNIT I: Seed physiology: 1. Physiology and Biochemistry of seed germination, Mobilization of food reserves, Germination and growth factors. 2. Seed dormancy, Control and release of seed dormancy. 3. Factors in control for the long term storage of seeds, seed proteins. 1 UNIT II: Stress Physiology: 1. Biotic and abiotic stress, Response of plants to Biotic (pathogenic and insects) stress, Adaptations to eliminate and tolerate the infection, Hypersensitive reaction. 2. Response of plants to abiotic stress - Drought stress, Heat stress - Heat shock proteins, Chilling, and freezing, Salinity stress 3. Signaling pathways activated during stress. 1
UNIT III: The Environment, Biogeography and Population Ecology: 1. Environment: Components, Major components of physical environment, biotic and abiotic interactions, 2. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes, Theory of island bio-geography, Bio-geographical zones of India. 3. Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection). 1 UNIT IV Climate Change: 1. Global warming, carbon credits, Kyoto mechanism. 2. Factors responsible for climate change, Climate 1 Course Code PSBO203 Title of the Paper- Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany I Seed Physiology 4 1 II Stress Physiology 1 III The Environment, Biogeography and Population Ecology: 1 IV Climate Change 1

Page 33

31 change in relation to the changes in patterns of temperature, precipitation and sea level rise, Impacts of Climate Change on various sectors – Agriculture, Forestry and Ecosystem. The Montreal Protocol, Paris Agreement, UNFCCC, IPCC. 3. Adaptation Strategy/ Mitigation Measures, Blue carbon initiative. Learning outcomes: On completion of the course students should be able to: • Distinguish key physiological processes underlying the seed germination • Identify the physiological factors that regulate growth and developmental processes of plants • Demonstrate clear understanding of crop-environment interaction and its implication on crop growth and yield • Integrate and apply their knowledge of crop physiology for analytical thinking and solving practical problems experienced in agricultural systems To understand and apply ecological principles and understand legislation and measures to solve environmental problems. Practical PSBOP203 Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany 2 1. Assessing seed viability by TTC method 2. Determination of Nygard index of algae in a water body. 3. Determination of dust load on lives of roadside plant. 4. Comparison of two population of a species collected from two areas. 5. Determination of primary production of an area by harvest method. 6. Determination of primary production of an area by chlorophyll method. 7. Effect of water and salinity stress on chlorophyll content of leaves. 8. Effect of water and salinity stress on Proline content of leaves 9. Determination of Stomatal Index of leaves. 10. Determination of LAI of different types of trees. 11. Assessment of pollution in ambient air, on

Page 34

32 the basis of injured leaf area. Field exercises: • Assessment of erosion status of land along a ‘stream’ on a slope or on flat land • Assessment of status of waste land, on the basis of its appearance and visible plant growth. • Assessment of degradation of a forest on the basis of its canopy cover and height, strata and species diversity University of Mumbai M. Sc. Sem II (Practical) EXAMINATION BOTANY-PRACTICAL-IV PSBOP203 Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany Time: 9:00 am-2:00 pm Max. Marks : 50 Skeleton Question Paper N.B. 1) Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner. 2) Use of logarithm tables /calculator is allowed. Q.1. PHYSIOLOGY EXPERIMENT..... (15) Q.2. ECOLOGY EXPERIMENT... (15) Q.3 PHYSIOLOGY EXPI./ MINOR ECOLOGY EXPI …. (10) Q.4. JOURNAL... (05) Q.5. VIVA VOCE.... (05) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 35

33 M.Sc – I SEMESTER – II, PAPER – IV PSBO204 Title of the Paper: MEDICINAL BOTANY AND DIETETICS I Medicinal Botany I 4 1 II Medicinal Botany II 1 III Dietetics I 1 IV Dietetics II 1 Course Code Title Credits PSBO204 Medicinal Botany and Dietetics 4 Unit I: Medicinal Botany I Monograph of drugs with respect to Biological source, Geographical distribution, macro and microscopic characters, chemical constituents and therapeutic uses of the following drugs: Root: ...........Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Rhizome:…..Zingiber officinale(Ginger) Stem bark:..Cinnamom zeylanicum (Cinnamon) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kurchi) Leaf: ...........Azadirachta indica (Neem) Fruit:………..Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Seed: ...........Plantago ovata (Isabgol) 1
Unit II: Medicinal Botany II Introduction to Pharmacopeia: Indian pharmacopeia and Ayurvedic pharmacopeia Quality control of crude drugs: • Morphological examination – Exomorphic characters • Microscopical evaluation – Anatomical characters • Preliminary phytochemical tests. • Development of standardization parameters – Moisture content, Ash values, Solvent extraction value, bitterness value, foaming index, swelling index and heavy metal. 1
Unit III: Dietetics I Nutraceuticals: • Definition and Introduction, classification (Dietary supplements, functional foods, Medicinal food, Pharmaceuticals) • Role of plant nutraceuticals in health benefits (onion, garlic, tomato, carrot, beet, turmeric). • Current trends and future prospective of nutraceuticals. 1 Unit IV: Dietetics II Plant Food as medicine Plant food in the treatment of diseases – arthritis, constipation, diarrhoea, 1

Page 36

34 diabetes, , hypertension, cancer, jaundice, memory and piles Concept of Antioxidants, their significance, Plants as a source of antioxidants. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to identify medicinal plants and understand the effects of plant chemical constituents on humans and the use of plants in Dietetics and as nutraceuticals. PRACTICAL Course Code Title Credits PSBOP204 Medicinal Botany and Dietetics 2 Medicinal Botany –I 1. A study of the macroscopic and microscopic characters and identification of active ingredients of drugs mentioned in the syllabus for theory by means of chemical tests. • Root:........... Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) • Rhizome:……Zingiber officinale(Ginger) • Stem bark: ...Cinnamom zeylanicum (Cinnamon) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kurchi) • Leaf:.............Azadirachta indica(Neem) • Fruit:............Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) • Seed: ............Plantago ovata (Isabgol) Medicinal Botany -II 2. Determination of Moisture content, Ash values, Solvent extraction value of the given sample. 3. Determination of foaming index of the given sample. 4. Determination of swelling index of the given sample. NUTRACEUTICALS 5. Ø Extraction and detection of lycopene by TLC Ø Amino acid profile of a plant/plant product 6. Identification of plants Nutraceuticals for health benefits (As per theory topics)

Page 37

35 University of Mumbai M. Sc. Sem II (Practical) EXAMINATION BOTANY-PRACTICAL- PSBOP204 [Medicinal Botany and dietetics] Time: 9:00 am-2:00 pm Max. Marks : 50 Skeleton Question Paper N.B. 1) Candidates should show their slides/ preparations/ results for all questions to the examiner. 2) Use of logarithm tables /calculator is allowed. Q 1. Identify and describe Macroscopic and Microscopic characters of specimen A and B. Identify the active ingredients from the same using chemical tests/TLC. (16) Q 2. Estimate the Fresh Weight and Dry Weight ratio and total ash content/foaming index/swelling index of the given plant material C. (08) Q3. Extract and detect lycopene from given material D OR Q3. Perform TLC to show the amino acid profile of the plant (08) material D Q4. Identify and describe botanical source and uses of the specimens E and F (08) Q 5. Journal. (05) Q 6. Viva-voce. (05) KEY: A and B Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Zingiber officinale(Ginger) Cinnamom zeylanicum (Cinnamon) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kurchi) Azadirachta indica (Neem) Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Plantago ovata (Isabgol) C and D Any plant material E and F Nutraceuticals as per theory topics

Page 38

36 Reference books: 1. Trease D. & Evans W. C.: Text Book of Pharmacognosy: W. B. Saunders. 2. Tyler V.E., Brady L.R. & Robbers J. E.: Pharmacognosy; Lea Feibger, USA. 3. Wallis T. E.; Text Book of Pharmacognosy; CBS Publishers, Delhi. 4. Kokate C.K., Purohit A. P. &Gokhale S. B.: Pharmacognosy; Nirali Publications, Pune. 5. Harbone J. B.: Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques Analysis: Chapman& Hall, London. 6. Bruneton J.: Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants: Intercept Limited. 7. Vasudevan T.N. & Laddha K.S.: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Vrinda Publication House, Jalgaon. 8. The Indian Pharmacopeia: The Controller of Publication; Delhi. 9. Brain K.R. & Turner T. D.: The Practical Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals: Wright, Scientica, Bristol. 10. Iyengar M. A. &Nayak S. G.: Anatomy of Crude Drugs: Manipal Power Press Manipal. 11. Iyengar M. A.: Pharmacognosy of Powdered Drugs; Manipal Power Press, Manipal. 12. Kokate C. K.: Practical Pharmacognosy; Vallabh Prakashan. 13. Wagner, Bladt & Zgainski; Plant Drug Analysis; Springer Verlag. 14. Khandelwal K. R.: Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments; Nirali Prakashan, Pune. 15. Vasudevan T. N. and Laddha K. S.: Practical Pharmacognosy; New Vrinda Publishing House, Jalgaon 16. Pulok Mukeerjee, Quality control Advanced Plant Physiology – Noggle & Fritz – Prantice – Hall of India. 18. Introductory Plant Physiology – Malcom Wilkins, Pitman Publication Ltd, 1984. 19. Plant Physiology – Pandey and Sinha, Vikas Publishing House, 1987. 20. Outlines of Biochemistry – Conn &Stumpf, John Willey and Co., 1987. 21. Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology – Dennis and Turnip, Longman Scientific and Technical, 1990. 22. Plant Physiology – Taiz and Zeiger, Sinauer association Inc. 23. E. P. Odum (1996) Fundamentals of Ecology, Natraj Publisher, Dehra Dun. 24. K.M.M. Dakshini (1999) Principle and Practices in Plant Ecology, CRC, Boston. 25. M.C. Dash (1994) Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 26. M.C. Molles Jr. (1999) Ecology- Concepts and Application, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

Page 39

37 27. V. Ingegnoli (2002) Landscape Ecology: a widening foundation, Springer, Bonn. 28. E.J. Kormondi (1999) Concepts of Ecology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 29. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss M.J. (2005) Ecology Principles and Applications, Cambridge University Press, London. 30. E.P. Odum and G. W. Barrett (2005) Fundamentals of Ecology, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore. 31. S.V.S. Rana (2005) Essentials of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 32. Environment and Ecology-EAS105/EAS 205-R.Rajagopalan 33. Environmental Studies from Crisis To Cure-2nd Edition-R. Rajagopalan 34. Smith, R.L (1996). Ecology and field biology, Harper Collins, New York 35. Misra R. (1968) Ecology work book. Oxford & IBH New Delhi 36. Kreb C.J. (1989). Ecological Methodology. Harper & Row, New York, USA 37. Agrawal and Deo - Plant Ecology 38. Mohan Arora – Ecology 39. Purohit and Agrawal Environmental Science 40. Verma V., Plant ecology by Ane books. 2011 41. Handbook on Methods for Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, Editors: Jan F. Feenstra, Ian Burton, Joel B. Smith, Richard S.J. Tol, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 1998IPCC Fourth Assessment Report – The AR4 Synthesis Report, Cambridge University Press. 2007 42. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report- Working Group I,II,III Report, Cambridge University Press. 2014 43. Dash Sushil Kumar, “Climate Change – An Indian Perspective”, University Press India Pvt. Ltd, 2007 44. Jan C. van Dam, Impacts of “Climate Change and Climate Variability on Hydrological Regimes”, Cambridge University Press, 2003. 45. Statistics Related to Climate Change – India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013 46. Climate Change and India, Soumya Dutta, Soumitra Ghosh, Shankar Gopalakrishnan, C.R. Bijoy, Hadida Yasmin, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung—South Asia, Centre for International Co-Operation, New Delhi, Daanish Books, 2013 47. Adaptation to Climate Change with a Focus on Rural Areas and India, Dr S. Satapathy, Ilona Porsché, Dr Nana Künkel et al., GIZ and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, 2011 48. The Rough Guide to Climate Change, Robert Hensen, First Edition, Rough Guides Publishers, 2006 49. Environmental Ecology, biodiversity And Climate Change: Towards Sustainable Development, by H.M. Saxena, 2014.

Page 40

38 50.Handbook on Climate Change and India: Development, Politics and Governance by Navroz Dubash, Oxford Publications, 2011 51.The Whole Story of Climate: What Science Reveals About the Nature of Endless Changeby E. Kirsten Peters, 2012 52. Carbon Capture, Storage and, Utilization: A Possible Climate Change Solution for Energy Industry, by Malti Goel, 2014 53. The Climate Solution: India's Climate Change Crisis and What We Can Do About It, by Mridula Ramesh, 2018 54. Global Warming: Climate Change - Vol. 140, by Team Book Matrix, 2013 55. Adapting to Climate Change: Governance Challenges, by Deiric O Broin and Peader Kirby, 2016 56. Dealing with Climate Change: Setting a Global Agenda for Mitigation and Adaptation by R. K. Pachauri, 2010 57. Patil C.S. Current trends and future prospective of Nutraceuticals in health promotion, BIOINFO Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ISSN: 2249–1813 & E-ISSN: 2249–1821, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2011, pp-01-07 58. Jessica Chambers et al. Nutraceutical Gardens. 60. Parasuram Rajam Radhika, Nutraceutical an area of tremendous scope, IJRAP, 2011, 2(2) 410-415. 61. Debjit Bhowmik, Harish Gopinath, B. Pragati Kumar, S. Duraivel, K. P. Sampath Kumar, Nutraceutical – A Bright Scope and Opportunity of Indian Healthcare Market, The pharma innovation Vol. 1 No. 11, Jan 2013 www.thepharmajournal.com Page 29- 41.