MA TRANSLATION STUDIES UNIV OF MUMBAI 1 Syllabus Mumbai University

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Copy to : -
1. The Deputy Registrar, Academic Authorities Meetings and Services
(AAMS),
2. The Deputy Registrar, College Affiliations & Development
Department (CAD),
3. The Deputy Registrar, (Admissions, Enrolment, Eligibility and
Migration Department (AEM),
4. The Deputy Registrar, Research Administration & Promotion Cell
(RAPC),
5. The Deputy Registrar, Executive Authorities Section (EA),
6. The Deputy Registrar, PRO, Fort, (Publi cation Section),
7. The Deputy Registrar, (Special Cell),
8. The Deputy Registrar, Fort/ Vidyanagari Administration Department
(FAD) (VAD), Record Section,
9. The Director, Institute of Distance and Open Learni ng (IDOL Admin),
Vidyanagari,
They are requested to treat this as action taken report on the concerned
resolution adopted by the Academic Council referred to in the above circular
and that on separate Action Taken Report will be sent in this connection.

1. P.A to Hon’ble Vice -Chancellor ,
2. P.A Pro -Vice-Chancellor,
3. P.A to Registrar,
4. All Deans of all Faculties,
5. P.A to Finance & Account Officers, (F.& A.O),
6. P.A to Director, Board of Examinations and Evaluation,
7. P.A to Director, Innovation, Incubation and Linkages,
8. P.A to Director, Board of Lifelong Learning and Extension (BLLE),
9. The Director, Dept. of Information and Communication Technology (DICT)
(CCF & UCC), Vidyanagari,
10. The Director of Board of Student Development,
11. The Director, Department of Students Walfa re (DSD),
12. All Deputy Registrar, Examination House,
13. The Deputy Registrars, Finance & Accounts Section,
14. The Assistant Registrar, Administrative sub -Campus Thane,
15. The Assistant Registrar, School of Engg. & Applied Sciences, Kalyan,
16. The Assistant Registrar, Ratnagiri sub -centre, Ratnagiri,
17. The Assistant Registrar, Constituent Colleges Unit,
18. BUCTU,
19. The Receptionist,
20. The Telephone Operator,
21. The Secretary MUASA

for information.

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(Appendix ‘B’)

New Ordinance 6615 & 6616 relating to the
M.A. Translation Studies

1. Necessity of Starting this program:
Translation studies is a recent approach to the study of language, literature and society
and culture which responds to and builds upon the critical understanding and spread
of traditional disciplines, discourses and epistemologies as well as upon developments
specific to multilingual a nd multicultural agenda including the spheres of gender,
ethnic, and sexuality studies that have emerged over the last few decades. It is also an
area of historical, political, and empirical research in academic, educational and all
fields of life, largely engaged in socio -cultural research that focuses on the
contemporary languages, literary writings, media and cultural as well as political
dynamics, historical roots, features, conflicts, and contingencies. Translation studies
does not view the human expre ssions as fixed, bounded, stable and discrete entities,
but as sets of practices and processes that regularly get reborn, interact and keep
changing as per the need and context in the given scenario. The Master of Translation
Studies provides advanced tran slation training to develop the abilities of learner to
practice as a bilingual/multilingual professional. The program will allow the
professional practitioners and translation researchers to impart the best teaching and
practice.Thus, the introduction of such a program will bring in great value and open
up opportunities of myriad kinds – postgraduate and research centers, forwarding the
initiatives of government, public and private bodies through inflow of funds for
various projects, safeguarding the langu ages as well as the socio -cultural heritages
and enriching them further, collaboration with various national and international
centers of learning through MOUs and joint programs etc.At the end of the Program, a
student of Translation Studies will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the
various methods, principles, and historical legacies within the Translation Studies and
other interdisciplinary areas. This program will help to d evelop a comprehensive
understanding of the process of translation alon g with the field of translation studies

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as a set of theories, principles, and methods of study and relate them to project design
and data processing. It will help students to recognize interconnections of knowledge
within and across the disciplines of huma nities. The National Education Policy has
clearly emphasized the necessity of translation studies.

2. Whether UGC has recommended to start the said program?
UGC has issued general guidelines that any recognised University can start
new programs on ascertain ing the scope of the program in its jurisdiction.
Besides, several Universities across India have started these programs. Few
examples are: Kannada University Hampi in Karnataka, Tamil University,
Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, Delhi, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Indira Gandhi National
Open University (IGNOU), Delhi and many more.
3. Whether the program has commenced from academic year 2019 -20?
The above program recommended by the BoS in English, and further approved
by the statutory bodies is to be introduced from the Academic Year 2021 -2022.

4. The program started by the University are self -financed, whether
adequate number of eligible permanent Faculties are available?
This program is purely self -financed. The department/affiliated colleges
interested in its affiliation need to comply with the norms laid down as above.

5. To give details regarding duration of the program and is it possible to
compress the program?
The duration of the programme is maximum 2 year (4 semester) with total
number of 100 Credits.

6. The intake capacity of each program and no. of admissions given in the
current academic year (2019 -20)
As per the intake capacity for unaided M.A. programmes of the university.

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7. Opportunities of employability/employment available after undertaking
thisprogram:
The linguistic and professional expertise is the willingness to reach out through
various languages and interact with several other individuals who have diverse world
views . It is becoming highly relevant and also in demand in the modern trade and
business environment. Aside from being a fascinating field of research, students of
Translation studies can come out of their programs ahead of the curve in continuously
evolving d iverse work environments. Students of the program can work in the
following areas:
● Translation and Interpreting Industry
● Content Writing
● Editing
● Business and Commercial Journalism
● Technical Writing
● Terminologist
● Specialized Translations
● Subtitling
● Public P olicy and Government Administration

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1
AC ___________
Item No. ______ _____

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI




Syllabus for Approval

Sr. No. Headings Particulars
1. Title of the Programme MA Translation Studies
2. Eligibility for Admission Graduate
3. Passing Marks 40
4. Ordinances / Regulatio ns ( if any)
5. No. of Years / Semesters 2 Years (4 Semesters)
6. Level Post-Graduate
7. Pattern Semester
8. Status New Program
9. To be implemented from Academic Year Academic Year 2021 -22
Name & Signature of BOS Chairperson Dr. Sudhir Nikam

Name & Sign ature of Dean

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University of Mumbai

Syllabus for M. A. Translation Studies
Part I and II
Semester I, II, III & IV
(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the
academic year 2021‐2022 )



CHAIRPERSON
DR SUDHIR NIKAM
MEMBERS
Dr. Rajesh Karankal
Dr. Bhagyashree Varma
Dr. Deepa Mishra
Dr. Satyawan Hanegave Dr. Santosh Rathod
Dr. B. N. Gaikwad
Dr. Deepa Murdeshwar -Katre
Dr. Dattaguru Joshi

BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGLISH

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Preamble : Translation studies is a recent approach to the stu dy of language, literature and
society and culture which responds to and builds upon the critical understanding and spread
of traditional disciplines, discourses and epistemologies as well as upon developments
specific to multilingual and multicultural age nda including the spheres of gender, ethnic, and
sexuality studies that have emerged over the last few decades. It is also an area of historical,
political, and empirical research in academic, educational and all fields of life, largely
engaged in socio -cultural research that focuses on the contemporary languages, literary
writings, media and cultural as well as political dynamics, historical roots, features, conflicts,
and contingencies. Translation studies does not view the human expressions as fixed,
bounded, stable and discrete entities, but as sets of practices and processes that regularly get
reborn, interact and keep changing as per the need and context in the given scenario.
Since its inception 50 years ago, the academic discipline known as translati on studies, has
undergone tremendous transformation. The older notions of translation, however, still persist.
Translation in the olden times revolved around a few simple concepts. These were based on
the assumptions that translating implies little more th an the transposition of words from one
language into another.
The translating is about the ‗replacement of textual material‘. Modern theories regard
translation —especially literary translation —as more akin to a performing art. Like theatre
and music, it re quires talent, knowledge and skills that are specific to it. Like musicians,
literary translators are called to interpret, negotiate and re –enact a work of art according to
certain criteria. The original, its reception in the source environment, and any ot her relevant
contextual information are the material translators use to bring a new work to light, which
will then circulate in a new linguistic and cultural environment. Contemporary views of
translating regard the relationship between a given original an d its translations not as pre –
existing and mechanical, but rather as construed and defined by the very act of translating.
Translators use their special skills to interpret the work to be translated, negotiate the
differences between the source and target environments, and choose the solution that would
lead to the best ‗performance‘ in the target environment among all possible alternatives. To
do so, translators sometimes introduce novel elements in the target environment. Because
translating is not a mech anical operation of substitution, its result will vary from one
translator to another, according to their reading, approach and perception of the original. In
addition, translation is a cultural construct that changes over time and space; a variability tha t
affects the most basic concepts, including what counts as translation and what does not. For

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instance, Geoffrey Chaucer was using a concept of translation with his continental sources
that would probably expose him to a copyright suit in our age.

Scope of the MA in Translation Studies : The Master of Translation Studies provides
advanced translation training to develop the abilities of learner to practice as a
bilingual/multilingual professional. The program will allow the professional practitioners and
translation researchers to impart the best teaching and practice. India being a multilingual
country provides the best platform for training and practice of translation in various
indigenous as well as foreign languages. The entire program outcome will fost er critical
thinking, linguistic and analytical skills through frontier translation theories and latest
technologies as well as the opportunity for individual supervision of a translation research
project. As a result of strong collaboration links with loc al and national professional
organizations and agencies will be possible. Thus, the introduction of such a program will
bring in great value and open up opportunities of myriad kinds – postgraduate and research
centers, forwarding the initiatives of govern ment, public and private bodies through inflow of
funds for various projects, safeguarding the languages as well as the socio -cultural heritages
and enriching them further, collaboration with various national and international centers of
learning through M OUs and joint programs etc.
Relevance of this Course to the University of Mumbai : Mumbai is the city of
cosmopolitan in nature having global connectivity in all significant sectors of living. The
population in this city and around in Maharashtra represents the native culture of India
through various regional dialects and usages and community networks reflected in oral and
written literatures. A course like masters degree in translation studies is needed for three
significant dimensions. First, University of Mumbai is grounded historically and
academically in the glorious Indian culture through multiple languages, multiple language
departments including foreign languages and the regional Indian languages. Second,
University of Mumbai has functional research c enter in a set up with number of languages
and multi -disciplinary studies related to many languages in India across the world. Third,
University of Mumbai can offer the scope of training and the opportunities to next
generations through its scholastic reso urces by exploring the possibilities through various
courses in translations along with MA (Master of Arts) in Translation Studies. In addition to
this, the global relevance of languages, communicative media, employment scope, aviation as

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well as the Film Industry can create the endless opportunities to the youth keeping in mind
the human resources and needs of the changing scenario in education and the society.
Learning Objectives:
 The program leads to the Master‘s Degree in Translation Studies is intend ed to attain
the following objectives:
 To provide an overview of translation studies as an academic and research discipline.
 To present important translation theories as a component of this discipline and outline
some of the issues it aims to address.
 To incorporate translation theories and experiences to instill a pragmatic outlook,
innovative thinking, and constructive engagements in the students to comprehend the
translation skills, problems of translation and possible equivalences.
 To outline the vari ous perspectives from which different scholars have attempted to
develop a theory of translation.
 To describe the nature of translation and the intricacies involved in the process of
translation
 To elucidate the scope of translation in the Indian multi -linguistic and multicultural
context
Learning outcomes:
 At the end of the Program, a student of Translation Studies will be able to:
 Demonstrate an understanding of the various methods, principles, and historical
legacies within the Translation Studies and other interdisciplinary areas.
 Develop a comprehensive understanding of the process of translation along with the
field of translation studies as a set of theories, principles, and methods of study and
relate them to project design and data processing.
 Recognize interconnections of knowledge within and across the disciplines of
humanities.
 Comprehend the role of translation and interpreting in solving inter -lingual and
intercultural communication problems
 Incorporate the skills to understand the relation ship between translations and other
aspects of language use and communication, including language patterning, textual
organisation and the semiotics of verbal and non -verbal communication

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 Enable to understand the research issues in translation, including r ecent approaches,
current problems, and potential future developments
 Enable to look for specific translation practices and the role of the translator in
various sectors of economic activity including audiovisual media, publishing,
localisation, commercial and international organisations, depending on the chosen
pathway.
Career Opportunities: The linguistic and professional expertise is the willingness to reach
out through various languages and interact with several other individuals who have diverse
world views. It is becoming highly relevant and also in demand in the modern trade and
business environment. Aside from being a fascinating field of research, students of
Translation studies can come out of their programs ahead of the curve in continuously
evolving diverse work environments. Students of the program can work in the following
areas:
a. Translation and Interpreting
Industry
b. Content Writing
c. Editing
d. Business and Commercial
Journalism e. Technical Writing
f. Terminologist
g. Specialised Translations
h. Subtitling
i. Public Policy and Government
Administration
Eligibility for Admission: A candidate, who has successfully completed Bachelor‘s Degree
program in Arts or any other Degree program of University of Mumbai or of any other
University recognized as equivalent th ereto by University of Mumbai, shall be eligible for
admission to the post Graduate Program in Translation Studies provided the candidate also
satisfies the conditions like the minimum competence in one Indian language apart from
English, the required perc entage of marks and other eligibility conditions as prescribed by
University of Mumbai from time to time. Admission will be based on entrance examination
conducted by the concerned Postgraduate Centre.
Fees Structure: As per university fees structure for u naided M.A. programmes.
Intake Capacity: As per the intake capacity for unaided M.A. programmes of the university.
Eligibility for Affiliation: Any college/ institution/ department affiliated to the University of
Mumbai may apply for the affiliation of t he program

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Syllabus for M.A. Translation Studies I, II, III and IV as per Choice Based Credit
System with effect from the Academic Year 2021 -22:
Course Structure:
1.1 Credits : A course that is taught for 4 hours a week for a period of 15 weeks will carry
six credits.
1.2. Course credits: To qualify in a given course, a student will have to acquire six credits
in each course. Out of these, four credits are central teaching component and two
credits are for the self -study component. The self-study componen t will consist of
academic tasks outside the classroom that will be assigned by the teacher from time to
time. The self-study component assigned in this manner will be related to or an
extension of but not in lieu of the prescribed syllabus. The self -study component will
be given a weightage of 33% in the evaluation of the student. In case of courses with
practical component/ field -work components, four credits are for theory course and
two credits shall be practical component/filed -work component (regulati on 5.1 to 5.9).
1. 3. M. A. Programme: A student who acquires a minimum of 100 credits over four
semesters will be declared eligible for the award of the M.A. degree.
1.4. Courses: There shall be five types of courses: (i) Core Course; (ii) Elective Cour se;
(iii) Interdisciplinary/Cross -disciplinary Courses; (iv) Audit Courses; (v) Project -
based Courses; (vi) Ability Enhancement Courses
(i) Core Course: Core courses are courses that impart instruction in the basic
non-specialized aspects of a discipline that constitute the minimum basic
competency in that discipline, regardless of any specialization that the learner
might choose in the future. Core -
Courses shall be offered by the parent department. Core courses shall be for
six credits.
Minimum 50% cours es of the MA programme over four semesters must be
core courses.
(ii) Elective Courses: Elective courses shall be courses offered by the parent
department that impart instructions in specialized/advanced/supportive aspects

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of the relevant discipline. Each department shall offer a pool of such courses
from which a student can choose. Elective
Courses shall be for six credits. The syllabus for each elective course will have
a preamble clearly stating the course and the learner objectives for the
elective, al ong with the prerequisites if any and a detailed list of references.
(iii) Interdisciplinary/Cross Disciplinary Courses (I/C courses): I/C courses
shall be offered by parent department and departments other that parent
department. One ‗course basket‘ shal l be created for the same. Each MA
program has to offer a minimum of two courses and maximum of four courses
in the basket. Every I/C course shall be for six credits.
A student may opt for an I/C course offered by his/her parent department.
(iv) Audit Cou rses: Students can audit a course from the parent department as
well as from other departments in addition to the core, elective and I/C courses
that are mandatory, with the prior permission of the head/s of the relevant
department/s. Such a student will h ave to apply in writing at most a week after
the relevant course has commenced. For the audit course, a student shall attend
lectures of the audited course. The student cannot appear for the semester -end
examination for the audited course. However, the stu dent shall appear for the
internal examination/assessment. The audit course appears on the mark -sheet
only when the student passes the internal assessment with minimum 50%
marks, failing to which, the student cannot claim the audit for that course. The
internal marks shall not be displayed on final mark -sheet. The internal marks
shall not be used for the credit computation. A student is permitted to audit
maximum four courses in the MA program.
(v) Ability Enhancement Course: The ability enhancement course s are skills
based course.
The ability enhancement courses are to be offered at fourth semester.
(vi) Project based courses: Project based courses shall consist of a dis sertation.
Each dissertation course will carry 10 credits. Every learner shall choose one
project based course.

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2: Rules for programmes not having a practical component
2.1: Four core courses shall be offered in semesters 1 and 2 each.
2.2. Five elective courses shall be offered in the third sem ester. No other courses
will be offered in the third semester.
2.3. The fourth semester shall consist of one ability enhancement course, one
interdisciplinary/cross disciplinary courses (I/C courses) and one project based
course.
2.4. Each department will offer at least one I/C course dur ing seme ster 4. The
learner can choose any one course from this basket, including the c ourse
offered by his/her parent department. The preamble to this course will clearly
specify the prerequisites for this course.
2.5. A learner will have to apply to the rel evant department in writing no later than
two weeks after the commencement of the fourth semester for taking I/C
course offered by that department.
2.6. A learner can relinquish an I/C course chosen by him/he r no later than two
weeks after the commencemen t of the fourth semester by applying to the Head
of the Department whose
I/C course the student wishes to opt for. The application will have to be
endorsed by the head of the Department whose I/C course the student has
relinqui shed and the Head of the pare nt department.
2.7. The Head of the Department offering a specific I/C cour se will convey the
marks of the internal examination obtained by students taking the course t o the
Head of the parent department before the commencement of the end sem ester
examina tion of the parent department.
The Outline: Each course in the category of Elective Course/Ability Enhancement Course/
Interdisciplinary/Cross -disciplinary Course shall be of 100 marks and out of that 40 marks
shall be allocated for internal assessment and the remaining 60 marks shall be allocated for
semester end examination. Each will have 6 Credits.

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The Project based courses shall be of 100 marks consisting of a dissertation. Each dissertation
course will carry 10 Credits. The criteria for evaluation wil l be as per the university
guidelines.
[For further details see the Choice Based Credit System —Regulations of the University of
Mumbai]
Sr. No. Course Course Code Paper No.
SEMESTER I
Core Courses
1. Introduction to Translation PATRS101 Paper –I
2. Linguistic Perspective on Translation PATRS102 Paper –II
3. Tools and Techniques of Translation PATRS103 Paper –III
4. Modern Trends in Translation PATRS104 Paper –IV
SEMESTER II
Core Courses
5. Theories of Translation PATRS201 Paper -V
6. Gender, Ethn icity and Translation PATRS202 Paper –VI
7. Translation in Indian Context PATRS203 Paper -VII
8. Technology in Translation PATRS204 Paper -VIII
SEMESTER III
Electives -I
10. Intersemiotic Translation PATRS301 Paper - IX- (A)
11. Translation and Cultu ral Studies PATRS302 Paper - IX- (B)
Elective – II
12. Translation Politics PATRS303 Paper -X- (A)
13. Aesthetics of Translation PATRS304 Paper -X- (B)
Elective - III
14. Translation in World Literature PATRS305 Paper -XI-(A)
15. Comparative Studies a nd Translation PATRS306 Paper -XI-(B)
Elective – IV
16. Colonial and Postcolonial Context of Translation
Studies PATRS306 Paper -XII- (A)
17. Translation Studies as a Discourse of Protest PATRS307 Paper -XII- (B)

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Elective - V
18. Multiculturalism and T ranslation PATRS308 Paper -XIII-(A)
19. Popular Culture and Translation PATRS309 Paper -XIII-(B)
SEMESTER IV
Ability Enhancement Courses
20. Legal Translation PATRS401 Paper -XIV-(A)
21. Research Methodology in Translation Studies PATRS401 Paper -XIV- (B)
22. Becoming Translator PATRS401 Paper -XIV- (C)
23. Translation in Corporate Industry PATRS401 Paper -XIV-(D)
Interdisciplinary/Cross -Disciplinary Courses
24. Localization and Translation Studies PATRS402 Paper -XV- (A)
25. Mass Media and Transl ation PATRS402 Paper -XV- (B)
26. Translation in Indian Literature PATRS402 Paper -XV- (B)
27. Translation of Religious Texts PATRS402 Paper -XV- (D)
Project Based Courses
1. Translation of Travelogues PATRS403 Paper -XVI (A)
2. Translation of Major Supre me Court Decisions PATRS403 Paper -XVI (B )
3. Translation of Fiction PATRS403 Paper -XVI (C )
4. Translation of Poetry PATRS403 Paper -XVI (D )
5. Translation of Short Stories PATRS403 Paper -XVI ( E)
6. Translation of Legal Documents PATRS403 Paper -XVI (F )
7. Transla tion and Film PATRS403 Paper -XVI (G )
8. Dubbing, Subtitling and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (H )
9. Translation of Drama PATRS403 Paper -XVI (I )
10. Translation of Scientific Documents PATRS403 Paper -XVI ( J)
11. Oral Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (K )
12. Trans lation of Tribal Literature PATRS403 Paper -XVI (L )
13. Translation of Protest Literature PATRS403 Paper -XVI (M )
14. Comics and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (N )
15. Audio -Visual Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (O )
16. Interpreting and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (P )
17. Sociology of Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Q )

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18. Machine Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (R )
19. Terminology and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (S )
20. Translation, Religion and Culture PATRS403 Paper -XVI (T )
21. Translation and Gender PATRS403 Pape r-XVI (U )
22. Inter -dialectical Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (V )
23. Pedagogy of Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (W )
24. Translation, Politics and Ideological Conflicts PATRS403 Paper -XVI (X )
25. Post-Colonialism and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Y )
26. Transl ation in Teaching PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Z )

Details of Course and Credit Structure:
Semester Nature of Course No of Courses Total Credit
I Core Course 04 4X6=24
II Core Course 04 4X6=24
III Elective Course 05 5X6=30
IV Ability Enhancement Course 01 06

22 Interdisciplinary/Cross
Disciplinary Course 01
06
Project Based Course 01 10
Total No. of Credit: 100

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SEMESTER I
Core Courses
1. Introduction to Translation PATRS101 Paper –I
2. Linguistic Perspective on Translat ion PATRS102 Paper –II
3. Tools and Techniques of Translation PATRS103 Paper –III
4. Modern Trends in Translation PATRS104 Paper –IV

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part I

Core Course
Introduction to Translation

Semester I

Paper -I


(Choice Bas ed Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Stud ies
ii. Course Code PATRS101
iii. Course Title Introduction to Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Mar ks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Introduction to Translation
Preamble :
Learners of this program are offered the primary concepts involved in the process of
translation as this course is made for the beginners. Translation would be taught to th e
students as a discipline in its primary stage. In general, the area of translation was known as
complicated process earlier since it involves more than one ―language -structure‖ and efforts
towards accuracy of expression and communication, but now it has become a very popular
industry in academic and non -academic fields of living. Not only the digital world has
opened the doors to develop soft skills, diction -related and thematic all -access -open virtuality
but also many of the publishing industries have pr omoted so much of spread of translated
books, literature while simultaneously the entertainment industry and the corporate
companies have hired translators as language service providers in all semiotic and inter -
semiotic or intra -semiotic transmission of a rt, knowledge and information.
Objectives of the Course:
 To introduce the course of Translation in general and on the whole as an academic
discipline and a global discourse
 To introduce the translation studies as the new area of research and practice in current
scenario of education, living and making career
 To introduce the students with the primary concepts and ideas that may ground their
perceptions in the new discipline which happens to be interdisciplinary in its very
nature
 To introduce the learne rs with various strategies to begin the process of translation
from a general to reach the same with a specific purpose
 To acquaint them with the multilingual levels of perception in the field of Translation
Course Outcomes:
 The students will be introduced the course of Translation in general and on the whole
as an academic discipline and a global discourse

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 They will be acquainted with the translation studies as the new area of research and
practice in current scenario of education, living and making caree r
 They will know the primary concepts and ideas that ground their perceptions in the
new discipline as interdisciplinary in its very nature
 They will be able to use various strategies to begin the process of translation from a
general to reach the same wi th a specific purpose
 They will be acquainted with the multilingual levels of perception in the field of
Translation

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Semester I
Title of the paper: Introduction to Translation
Core Course : Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I - Background Concepts and Topics (15 Lectures)
Concep ts : Translation as a process, as a product and as a functional activity, the nature and
significance of translation in theory and practice, the meaning and definitions of translation
for beginners, the increasing importance of Translation in the post -Glob alisation age,
translation as the structural process in language and the interpretative skill in disciplines,
translation as a political act, translation as the source of employment and making career,
translation as medium of development in multiple arts a nd descriptive versus functional
approach to translation
Topics: Translator as an interpreter, Translator as a mediator, Translator as the
communication agent and Translator as the creator of Target language and target texts, from
the source language and the source texts, Translator as a democratizing agent, Translator as
the modifier and the critic in both advantageous and disadvantageous positions. The plus and
minus side of translator‘s role, qualities required for a good translator and the ambiguities of
defining good translation, recipient -oriented translator and text -oriented translator
Unit II - Theorising Translation as a Discipline or a subject (15 Lectures)
 Popular definitions of translation by various theorists and critics
 Relating to the Ideas o f Multi -lingualism, Multi -culturalism, Binaries and
parallelism
 Knowledge of the Source and Target Language – the skills of Coding and
Decoding and Recoding
 Learning the terminology and the lexicon for translation – use of Dictionary and
Thesaurus
Unit I II - Grounding into the Primary Theorisation (15 Lectures)
 Major thinkers on Translation – European Context and Indian Context

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 The act of communication and translation and dealing with Issues in Translation –
Symbols, Images, Ideas and Cultural Concepts
 Source Language and Target Language – Transfer of Sound and Sense
 Basic types of translation – word for word, sense for sense and semantic layering
Unit IV - Learning the Applied Dimensions (15 Lectures)
 Practice of Translation – Strategies for beginners – Replacement of diction and
phrases
 Practice in Applied Translation – From Word to Paragraph
 Practice of Translation as Bilingual mode of Narration or Description
 Practice of Translation as Political act or propagation of ideology
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

10 Ma rks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabu s (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration : 2 Hours
Question 1 – Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2 – Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks

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Question 3 – Essay on Uni t III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4 – Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks
References
 The task of the translator by Walter Benjamin
http://users.clas.ufl.edu/burt/deconstructionandnewmediatheory/walterbenjamintasktr
anslator.pdf
 Fundamentals of Translation – Sonia Colina
https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/35393/frontmatter/9781107035393_frontmatte
r.pdf
 Translation in Practice – Gill Paul
https://www.llvs.lt/img/F ile/Translation_in_Practice_book.pdf
 E-gyankosh – Translation its Nature and Types
http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/14110/1/Unit -1.pdf
 Reconsidering Peter Newmark‘s Th eory on Literal Translation – Wei Lu and Hong
Fang
http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol02/04/13.pdf
 The term ―translation‖: Concept, Definitions and Usage – C U P
http://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/35393/excerpt/9781107035393_excerpt.pdf
 Strategies of Translation - Venuti L in Mona Baker‘s edition
http://docenti.unimc.it/gilliansusan.philip/teaching/2017/17161/files/strategies -of-
translation
 Translation Skills and Knowledge – Preliminary Findings
https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/meta/2012 -v57-n1-meta0312/1012744ar.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for pre sentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words)
1. Translate a paragraph from the Marathi or Hindi Newspaper to English and write
a detailed note on the issues faced in that activity

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21
2. Translate a scene from a play in any Indian Language to English and comment on
the experience of translating that
3. Translate a stanza of any poem or song from the Marathi or Hindi to English and
write on the issues faced in that activity
4. Translate a paragraph from the book of children’s stories in Marathi or Hindi to
English and write the grammatical analysis of that activity
5. Translate a passage from a novel in any Indian language to English and write on
the difficulties faced in that activity.
6. Translate a scene from any Marathi or Hindi Movie to English and comment o n
your attempt.
7. Translate a dialogue from any TV serial in Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati or any Indian
language to English and discuss that activity
8. Translate a paragraph from any Marathi or Hindi document of bank, post office
or any corporate office to Engli sh and write on the issues faced in that activity.
9. Translate a recipe from any Indian language to English and discuss.
10. Translate a legal document or any page of instructions or rules from any Indian
language to English and discuss
11. Translate the list of i nstructions from any language flashed on the manuals,
pamphlets, advertisement papers or brochures and write a full -length note on
that
12. Translate an essay or a chapter from the religious or scriptural book in Marathi,
Hindi or any Indian language into Engl ish and write a note on that
Recommended Reading
1. Baker Mona, In Other Words : https://www.monabaker.org/wp -
content/uploads/2015/11/Chapter -8-In-Other -Words-2011.pdf
2. Bassnett Susan, Translation Studies, Methuen Routledge, 1980.
3. Bridgeman Loraine I., Handling Lexical Translation Problems: A Set of Procedures
https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=sil -work -papers
4. Comparing Source and Target Texts in a Translation Corpus :
https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W01 -1716.pdf
5. Ed. Bre shko Nina, Basic Translation : http://iir -mp.narod.ru/eng_files/basic.pdf

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6. Lakshmi H, Problems of Translation, Hyderabad, Books Links Corporation, 1993.
7. Mona Baker, Kirsten Malmkjær Routledge Encyc lopaedia of Translation Studies,
Routledge Psychology Press, 1998
8. Munshi M. Kholoud, Translation Methods in Practice: Text Function and the
Degrees of Freedom in Translation 29.232 -2015.17 Kholoud M. Munshi.pdf
9. Newmark Peter, A Textbook of Translation
http://ilts.ir/Content/ ilts.ir/Page/142/ContentImage/A%20Textbook%20of%20Transla
tion%20by%20Peter%20Newmark%20(1).pdf
10. Pym Anthony, Translation research terms: a tentative glossary for moments of
perplexity and dispute :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283363357_Translation_research_terms_A_
tentative_glossary_for_moments_of_perplexity _and_dispute/link/5654865a08ae1ef92
976aca4/download
Syllabus Prepared by:
(Name, Designation and Institution)
Dr. Bhagyashree S. Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Department of English University
of Mumbai
Mrinalini Chavan Assistant Professor, Department of English, DES's
Kirti M. Doongursee College, Mumbai
Dr Sangita Kongre Assistant Professor, Department of English, M. D.
College, Mumbai
Dr. P. B. Patil Associate Professor and Head, Dept. of English,
Shivale College , Murbad .
Prof Rajendra Pr asad Pandey Director, School of Translation Studies, IGNOU

*************************

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23



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)
Part I Semester I

Core Paper: II

Linguistics Perspective on Translation




(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 30

24


1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS102
iii. Course Title Linguis tics Perspective on Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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25
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Co urse: Linguistics Perspective on Translation
Preamble:
This course in Linguistic Perspectives on Translation is designed to provide the basic
understanding of the linguistics, an attempt to introduce the learner the abilities to discover
the role of lan guage in translation and the features such as meaning, reference, truth,
verification and logical necessity that constructs the texts.
The linguistic approach to translation theory focusing on the key issues of meaning,
equivalence, and shift began to eme rge around 50 years ago. A sound understanding of
linguistics perspective is pivotal to the appreciation and practice of translation. The
development of a linguistic approach to translation, linguistic meanings and equivalences as
the key issues referred b y Roman Jakobson and the Hallidayan model of text linguistics
(registers analysis) and Hatim‘s theory of discourse translation offer essential framework to
understand the linguistic dimension of the theory and practice of translation. Besides,
Chomsky‘s th eory of Universal Grammar is useful as a way of analysing the underlying
structures of the Source Text (ST) in order to reconstruct them in the Target Text (TT). A
similar response between the target audience and TT and source audience and ST can be
achiev ed leading towards fields of semantics and pragmatics. Moreover, Peter Newmark‘s
communicative translation model addresses the issue of contextual meaning. The present
course is designed to develop a percussive understanding of these contributions to the s tudy
of translation so as to enable learner to better appreciate the theory and practice of translation.
Objectives of the Course:
 To familiarise the learner with historical perspectives on the linguistic approach to
translation
 To define and disseminat e the various dimensions of the linguistic equivalences in
translation
 To introduce the theory of sematic, pragmatic and semiotic translation models
 To train the learner in analysing the translated text from a linguistics perspective

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26
Learning outcomes of the Course:
Having successfully completed this course, learner will:
 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of general principles of linguistics
governing the translation of texts
 Appreciate the role of functional grammar in translation
 Enumerate the aspects of linguistic translation theory and terminology relevant to
practical translation
 Describe, explain and analyse the nature of linguistics perspectives on translation
difficulties
 Refer to aspects of linguistic translation theory in evaluating s trategies for dealing
with certain types of text
 Recognise and handle different registers and genres in both the Source and Target
Languages of texts for translation
 Professionally present and communicate ideas, argument on the written.

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Semester: I
Title of the paper: Linguistic Perspectives on Translation
Core Course : II Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I : Introduction: Introduction to Linguistics and Translation: A Historical
Perspective , General Lingu istic Theory and its Relations to Translation,
Meaning of Linguistic Perspectives on Translation and its Types , Concept of
Textual Translation, Translation Equivalence, Formal Correspondence,
Meaning and Total Translation, Transference and Transliteration , Translation
Studies as a branch of Applied Linguistics , Semantics, Pragmatics and
Semiotics aspects of Translation .
Unit II : Linguistic Equivalence in Translation
i. Shift in Translation: Level Shifts, Category Shifts, Structural Shifts, Class
Shifts, U nit Shifts and Intra -System Shifts (Grammatical, Lexical,
Phonological and Graphological Forms)
ii. Equivalence in Translation: Jakobson and Equivalence in Difference, Formal
Equivalence vs. Dynamic Equivalence, Overt and Covert Translation and
Equivalence, Textual, Grammatical and Pragmatic Equivalence, Korrepondez
and Aquivalence
iii. Case Study: Teacher can chose any source text translated which may contain a
short story, chapter within novel, drama, non -fiction text, a piece of prose,
poetry etc. not less tha n 1000 words to analyse the aspects studied under this
unit.
Unit III: Text and Pragmatic Translation
i. Pragmatic Approach to Text Translation: Text and Text Transfer, Text Type/
Text Genre, Textuality, Intentionality, Acceptability, Contextuality,
Inform ativity, Cohesion and Coherence, Intertextuality
ii. Text/Discourse Translation: Skopos Theory, Introduction to Register Theory,
Context of Culture/Genre, Context of Situation: Three Register Variables,
Meta -functions of Language and Register Variables, Rele vance of Register
Analysis to Translation, Register Based Equivalence in Translation

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iii. Case Study: Teacher can chose any source text translated which may contain a
short story, chapter within novel, drama, non -fiction text, a piece of prose,
poetry etc. not less than 1000 words to analyse the aspects studied under this
unit.
Unit -IV: Semantic, Semiotic and Communicative Translation
i. Semantic Translation: Class Equivalence, Property Equivalence, Instance
Equivalence, Theoretical Issues in Semantic Approach to Translation,
ii. Semiotic and Communicative Translation: Definition of Communicative
Translation, Difference Between Semantic and Communication Translation ,
Peter Newmark‘s Text Typology, Types of Text, Translation Methods for
Different Text Types, Issues in Communicative Translation
iii. Case Study: Teacher can chose any source text translated which may contain a
short story, chapter within novel, drama, non -fiction text, a piece of prose,
poetry etc. not less than 1000 words to analyse the aspects studied und er this
unit.
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written Assignment/Project on the topic suggested by the
teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written Assignment/Project
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test containing 10 Questions based on the
syllabus (one out of three questions) 10 Marks

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29
Semester End Examination: 60 Marks
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
1. Graham, Joseph F. ―Theory for Translation.‖ Translation Spectrum. Essays in Theory
and Practice. Gaddis Rose (ed.) Albany: State Unive rsity of New York Press, 1981.
2. Halliday, M.A.K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold: London,
1994.
3. Jakobson, Roman. ―On Linguistic Aspects of Translation.‖ 1959.
4. Translation Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). L. Venuti. New York: Routledge, 2000.
5. Libert, Alan. Lectures at Newcastle University 24/3/05; May 2005
6. Mason, Ian. ―Text Parameters in Translation: Transitivity and Institutional Cultures.‖
Translation Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). L. Venuti. New York: Routledge, 2000.
7. Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies. Theories and Applications. London:
Routledge, 2001.
8. Nida, E.A. Contexts in Translating. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001.
9. Nord, Christiane. Translation as a Purposeful Activity. Manchester: St Jerome, 1997.
10. Reiss, Katharina. ―Type, Kind and Individuality of Text: Decision Making in
Translation.‖ 1971. Translation Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). L. Venuti. New York:
Routledge, 2000. Robinson, Douglas. Becoming a Translator. An Introduction to the
Theory and Pr actice of Translation. (2nd Edition). London: Routledge, 2003.
11. Snyder, William. ―Linguistics in Translation.‖ Translation Spectrum. Essays in Theory
and Practice. Gaddis Rose (ed.).
12. Steiner, George. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. London: Oxford
University Press, 1975.

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30
13. Stockinger, Peter. Semiotics of Cultures. Culture, Language and Translation. Paris:
ESCoM, 2003.
14. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translation Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). New York:
Routledge, 2000.
15. Vermeer, Hans J. ―Skopos and Commi ssion in Translational Action.‖ Translation
Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). L. Venuti. New York: Routledge, 2000.
16. Vinay, Jean -Paul and Darbelnet, Jean. ―A Methodology for Translation.‖ 1958.
Recommended Reading :
1. Beaugrande, R. de and W. Dressler (1981/200 2) Introduction to Text Linguistics,
London and New York: Longman, available online at
http://www.beaugrande.com/introduction_to_text_linguistics.htm
2. Berghout, Anita. Lectures at Newcastle University 27/7/05; 31/8/05; 7/9/05; 14/9/05;
12/10/05
3. Blum -Kulka, S. (1986/2004) ‗Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation‘, in L.
Venuti (ed.) (2004).
4. Fawcett, P. (1997) Translation and Language: Linguistic Approaches Explained,
Manchester: St Jerome.
5. Graham, Joseph F. ―Theory for Translation.‖ Translation Spect rum. Essays in Theory
and Practice. Gaddis Rose (ed.) pp 23 -30. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1981.
6. Halliday, M.A.K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold: London,
1994.
7. Hatim, B. and I. Mason (1990) ‗Discourse and the Translat or‘, London and New York:
Longman.
8. Hatim, B. and I. Mason (1997) ‗The Translator as Communicator‘, London and New
York: Routledge.
9. Jakobson, Roman. ―On Linguistic Aspects of Translation.‖ 1959.
10. Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies. Theories and Applications. London:
Routledge, 2001.
11. Nida, E.A. Contexts in Translating. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001.
12. Reiss, Katharina. ―Type, Kind and Individuality of Text: Decision Making in
Translation.‖ 1971.

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31
13. Snyder, William. ―Linguistics in Tran slation.‖ Translation Spectrum. Essays in Theory
and Practice. Gaddis Rose (ed.).
14. Steiner, George. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. London: Oxford
University Press, 1975.
15. Stockinger, Peter. Semiotics of Cultures. Culture, Language and Tran slation. Paris:
ESCoM, 2003.
16. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translation Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). New York:
Routledge, 2000.
17. Vermeer, Hans J. ―Skopos and Commission in Translational Action.‖. Translation
Studies Reader. (2nd Edition). L. Venuti. New York: Rout ledge, 2000.
Syllabus Prepared by:
Name
Dr Satyawan Hanegave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and
Commerce, Mumbai -400077
Dr Shashikant Mhalunkar P. G. Department of English, B. N. N. College,
Bhiwandi, Maharashtra.
Dr Praga ti Naik HoD, Department of English, S. P. K.
Mahavidyalaya, Sawantwadi, Dist -Sindhudurg,
Maharashtra.
Dr Susmita Dey HoD (Rtd.), Department of English, Kelkar Education
Trust's V.G.Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce, Mithagar Road, Mulund (East), Mumbai
- 400 081.
Dr Sachin Labade Associate Professor, Department of English,
University of Mumbai, Santacruz (East) Mumbai -
400098

****************************************

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32



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)
Part I Semester I

Core Paper: III

Tools and Techniques of Translation



(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 39

33
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS103
iii. Course Title Tools and Techniques of Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed t he copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if a ny No

Page 40

34
MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Tools and Techniques of Translation
Preamble
The paper, ‗Tools and Techniques of Translation‘ seeks to familiarize the students with
various concepts -tools, met hods and techniques used in the process of translation. This paper
aims to teach the techniques used in the actual translation of literary and non -literary texts or
documents. Introducing students with different global trends and updated tools, techniques ,
modes and methods in the sphere of translation is the priority of this course. The texts have
been selected meticulously on the basis of their merit to offer the profound understanding of
the nuances of translation. The paper includes various approaches / theories of translation
which will offer a deeper understanding of the process of translation. In the globalisation era
the field of translation opens myriad vistas job opportunities more so in Indian continent,
hence students equipped with practical kno wledge of translation will have an edge over the
others in gaining employment. Keeping this contemporary global scenario in mind the
fundamentals in the act of translation like role of cultural knowledge in translation,
acquisition, preservations, creation , dissemination and application are the key processes
emphasised upon.
Objectives
 To familiarize the students with the tools, methods and techniques used in translation
 To acquaint the students with major authors and literary translations from Indian
regional languages and foreign English translations
 To introduce the learners with various strategies to begin the process of translation
from a general to the specific purpose
 To enable the students in using all possible modes and methods to reach higher
accuracy levels in translation
Course Outcomes
 Students will gain increased awareness of the valuable ways of approaching translation
 They will be acquainted with the tools, methods and techniques in practice in current
scenario of education, living and mak ing career

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35
 Students will gain knowledge of the applications, theory, strategies and principles of
translation
 Students will be able to use all possible modes, methods and reach the higher accuracy
levels in translation

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36
Semester: I
Title of the Course : Tools and Techniques of Translation
Core Course : III Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I The Need, Significance and Utility of Tools and Techniques ( 15 lectures)
 Dealing with the concept of untranslatability and finding out the possibilities of
why and how any text or any document can be transl ated, and with the questions
like why should a translator use some tools and techniques? How far the tools and
techniques can help a translator to reach higher accuracy levels in translation?
Examining the possibility and success of any translation with th e help of tools,
techniques, modes and methods used for that, the questions about the quality or
accuracy and the optimum levels of semantic or syntactic matching in translation,
and the difficulties in the professional and non -professional, communicative and
authoritative, literary and non -literary translation
 Finding the need and significance of tools and techniques by observing the
theories and the practices in translation, understanding the utility of tools and
techniques as facilitating factors in tran slation and creating more tools and
techniques like footnotes, coinages, glossaries, terminology -guides and
customized diction catalogues and templates and modules for both, online and
offline translators
Unit II Tools and Techniques in various Approache s to Translation (15 lectures)
 Tools like Machine Translation, Translation Memory, Globalization and
Localization tools, Corpus -Based Machine Translation (CBMT), Content
translation, Computer Aided Translation (CAT)
 Techniques like Borrowing, Calque, Lit eral translation, Transposition,
Modulation, Equivalence, Adaptation, machine translation and human translation
 The approaches like communicative and literary approach, linguistic and
Sociolinguistic approach, the semiotic and inter -semiotic approach, and possibility
of using the above -mentioned tools and techniques in these approaches to
translation

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Unit III Literary Techniques and Translated Texts (Any two) (15 lectures)
 An Unfinished Autobiography by Indira Goswami‘s (Aadha Lekha Dastavez)
https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/6749190 -an-unfinished -
autobiography
 Exceprts of Marathi poems of Arun Kolatkar translated by Arvind K Mehrotra,
https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/kolatkar -2011 -collected -poems -
in.html
 Yayati by Girish Karnad, ( a play from Kannada translated by the author)
https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/carroll2012/files/2012/11/Yayati.pdf
Unit 4 Applied Theory and Trials with Tools and Techniques
 Find out any text that has not been translated and h as the following theoretical
perspective, and translate it from English to any Indian language or the other way
using the tools and techniques that are mentioned in this course or find out any
text that has been translated from English to any Indian langua ge or the other way
round and write an essay with textual citations, on that observing which tools or
techniques are used in the translation : - the texts that are to be chosen should
have the perspectives like Marxist, Feminist, Structuralist, Deconstruc tionist,
Womanist, Modernist, Post -Modernist, Colonial, Post -Colonial or any perspective
like Child -centric, Minority -centric, Diasporic, Queer, Patriarchy -bound,
Religion -bound or Regionally oriented perspective – a few examples to consider
are Tagore‘s Geetanjali, Mahashweta Devi‘s Rudali or Mother of 1084, Stories of
Premchand in their translated English version from the leading writers in India ,
and the contemporary examples are Hangwoman by K. R. Meera, The Vultures,
by Vijay Tendulkar, Moustache by S. Hareesh, Translated from Malayalam by
Jayasree Kalathil, Ūrubha ṅgam, Translated by, S. Rangachar, Ghachar Ghochar
translated by Vivek Shanbhag, from Kannada author, Srinath Perur, Masooma by
Ismat Chugtai, Parva by S. L. Bhyrappa and any such text approved by
concerned teacher can be studied.

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Evaluation Patt ern:
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

10 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes
20 Marks
Semester End Examination (60 Marks):
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max imum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks
References
 The Concept of Untranslatability in Translation https://dubai -
translationservices.ae/concept -untranslatability -transla tion/
 Procedures, techniques, strategies: Translation process operators, Anna Gil -Bardaji,
https://www.researchgate.net/public ation/254334012_Procedures_techniques_strategi
es_Translation_process_operators
 Marathi Poetry in English Translation
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40874024?seq=1#met adata_info_tab_contents
 Might of the pen – Indira Goswami
https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/might -of-the-pen/article2697958.ece
 Introduction: Literar y Texts and their Translations as an Object of Research

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39
 Leena Kolehmainen University of Turku
https://www.research gate.net/publication/308206043_Introduction_Literary_Texts_an
d_their_Translations_as_an_Object_of_Research
 The Assessment of Machine Translation,
 https://translationjournal.net/January -2018/the -assessment -of-machine -translation -
according -to-holmes -map-of-translation -studies.htmll
 Translation as a profession https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.73
 Literary Approach to Translation Theory
https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2085.php
Topics for Internal Evaluatio n: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
Attempt the following activities on two versions of the same text observing the tools and
techniques used in these translat ions:
 Gandhi M. K., My Experiments with Truth in English and Hindi / Marathi / Gujarati
 Translate a scene from any Marathi or Hindi Movie to English, or the other way round
and comment on your attempt focussing on the tools and techniques you could use i n
translation.
 Attempt an essay on any of Vishal Bharadwaj‘s adaptation of Shakespeare‘s drama to
film (Maqbool, Omkara, Haider)
 How does translation operate within the field of sports journalism? Compare an excerpt
of English and Hindi cricket commentary.
 A comparison between a English play and its Marathi or Hindi Adaptation. Discuss the
tools and techniques used therein.
 A review of any documentary film that has its original text or plot in another language
 A review of any drama series that has been tra nslated in regional / national language
 A review of any theatrical show that has been translated and performed
 A book review of translated editions (multiple versions of the same text can also be
taken)
 An analysis of the professional‘s interview, questi onnaire, or survey of translators
(minimum 5 maximum 50 )
Recommended Reading:

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40
1. Cultural Approach to Translation Theory
https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2202.p hp
2. House, Juliane. 2015. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present . London/
New York: Routledge
3. Kussmaul, Paul. 1995. Training the Translator. Amsterdam: John Benjamin
Publishing Company.
4. Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social -semiotic Perspective.
Halliday, Michael & Hasan, Ruqaiya - 1991 Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. Pinheiro, Marcia . Translation Techniques. Communication & Language at Work. 4.
(2015). Gouad
6. Round, Nicholas. 2005. Translation and its metaphors: the (N+1) wise men and the
elephant
7. Dusi, Nicola, Intersemiotic Theories,
https://www.researchgate.net/publicati on/282801476_Intersemiotic_translation_Theori
es_problems_analysis/link/57dfafc908ae5292a37fc686/download
8. Measuring Foreignization in Literary Translation An attempt to operationalize the
concept of foreignization Piet Van Poucke University College Ghent / Ghent
University
9. Jakobson, Roman. ―On Linguistic Aspects of Translation.‖ 1959. pp 113 -119.
Translation
10. Nord, Christiane. Translation as a Purposeful Activity. Manchester: St Jerome, 1997.
11. Robinson, Douglas. Becoming a Translator. An Introduction to the T heory and
Practice of Translation. (2nd Edition). London: Routledge, 2003.
12. Stockinger, Peter. Semiotics of Cultures. Culture, Language and Translation. Paris:
ESCoM
Syllabus Prepared by
Dr. B. N. Gaikwad (Convenor) Associate Professor & Head, Department of English,
Acharya Marathe College, Mumbai .
Dr. Yogesh Anvekar Head, Department of English, Guru Nanak Khalsa
College, Mumbai .
Dr. Renu Trivedi Principal, K B College, Thane .
Dr. Satyajit Kosambi Head, Department of English, Sathaye College,
Mumbai .
Dr. Tharakeshwar V. B. Associate Professor, Department of English, The EFL
University, Hyderabad .
**************************

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41



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studi es (CBCS)
Part I Semester I

Core Paper: IV

Modern Trends in Translation




(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 48

42

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS104
iii. Course Title Modern Trends in Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lect ures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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M.A. Translation Studies Part I
(100 Marks Examinatio n Pattern)
Title of the Course: Modern Trends in Translation
Preamble
The course ‗Modern Trends in Translation‘ is interdisciplinary in nature and scope. It could
be of immense cognitive as well as practical value to learners as it exposes them to modern
concepts, approaches, trends and theories of translation studies. This may enhance their
socio -cultural and political understanding of the translation as a tool to study literary, non -
literary texts and their adaptations into different modes. The course als o aims at exploring
different tenets/principles of translation studies through the lens of translation. Apart from the
theoretical structure it is intended to emphasize the pragmatic aspects of the translation
studies. Therefore, the introduction of compon ents like Practicing Translation, and Reading
and analysing of translation and adaptation are proposed.
Objectives
 To make the learners aware of various types and significance of translation
 To enable the learners, undertake translation of literary texts
 To enable the learners, understand various modern concepts, trends and theories in
translation
 To enable the learners use translation in official contexts and digital mass media
 To help the learners avail job opportunities in the corporate sector or any ot her
upcoming avenues
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course, learners are expected to be able to:
 Understand the socio -cultural, economic and political significance of translation.
 Undertake literary translation work at primary level.
 Understand va rious modern concepts, trends and theories in translation.
 Use translation in official contexts and digital mass media.
 Know the new job opportunity in the field of translation practices.

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Semester I
Title of the Paper: Modern Trends in Translation
Paper No .: IV Total Credits : 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Concepts and Modern Trends in Translation
 In translation studies, micro and macro knowledge abou t the difference in terms
and concepts like transliteration and transformation, translatability, transcreation,
foreignization, domestication, equivalence, audiovisual translation, subtitling,
adaptation, machine translation, computer aided translation (CA T), scientific and
technical translation, professional translation
 The ideas on what is modernity and modernism, the modernist texts and topics in
translation, thinkers and critics on modern techniques in translation, popularity of
recently translated auth ors and significance of translated literature in publication
and modern academia, the scope and possibilities of innovative research in
modern trends of translation
Unit II Modern Texts in Translation
 The Outcaste translated into English by Santosh Bhoo mkar ( Akkarmashi by
Sharankumar Limbale)
 Selected Poems of Pablo Neruda
http://www.vhstigers.org/ourpages/auto/2007/12/15/1197 770595866/Neruda%20P
oems%20for%20Poetry%20Project%202015.pdf (The teacher may select any 10
poems)
Unit III Reading Adaptation as Translation
 ‗Mother of 1084‘ Mahasweta Devi‘s Hajar Churashir Maa translated by Samik
Bandyopadhyay and adapted to Hindi fi lm ‗Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa‟ directed by
Govind Nihalani
 Yann Martel‘s The Life of Pie and its Film adaptation 2012
 Anthony Burgess‘ A Clockwork Orange , the novel and the film (1971).
Unit IV Practice in literary and non -literary translation
 Selection of the source text (ST) for translation exercises shall be the sole
discretion of the teacher. (Translation either from Hindi or Marathi to English of

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approximate length of 5 to 10 pages, times new roman 12 font and one and half
line space)
 Translation of pro se, play, fiction or poetry (Excerpts, passages, stanzas, or short
poems could be used for practicing translation exercises)
 Translation of non -fiction / non -literary text (Excerpts or passages could be used
for practicing translation exercises)
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the text suggested by
the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the Written Assignment from the topics given
below 10 Marks

10 Mark s
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three questions)
Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks
Semester End Examination :( 60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
 Palumbo, Giuseppe. Key Terms in Translation Studies . Continuum International
Publishing Group, 2009.
 Bassnett Susan and Harish Trivedi, editors. Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and
Practice . Routledge, 1999.

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46
 ―The Female Castaway in Sharankumar Limbale‘s The Outcaste‖, International Journal of
Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research ( www.jetir.org ), ISSN: 2349 -5162, Vol.
6, page no. 529 -535, June -2019,
http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906365.pdf
 https://www.academia.edu/28835641/Political_Displcement_as_Theme_of_Mah asweta_D
evis_Mother_of_1084
 https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/article_2dbcfe7e -8594 -5b5d -b92c -
770344a53eda.html
 http://www.tft.ucla.edu/wp -content/uploads/pdfs/Mamber -Clockwork -Orange.pdf
 https://www.secret -satire -society.org/wp -content/uploads/2014/01/Anthony -Burgess -A-
Clockwork -Orange.pdf
 https://www.academia.edu/323826 86/Translation_and_Modernism_Mapping_the_Relatio
nship
Topics for Internal Assignment and Presentation: Students can choose any two tasks
from the following list.
1. Translate a short passage from any Dalit autobiography in Marathi or Hindi language
to Engli sh with the help of computer and write a detailed note on your experience.
2. Translate a short passage from any non -literary text of your choice in English to
Marathi or Hindi and write about your experience.
3. Translate a short news feature from Marathi or Hindi newspaper to English and write
about the difficulties you faced.
4. Translate a passage from any Indian novel in Hindi or Marathi to English and
comment on the experience of translating that.
5. Translate a short poem, ghazal or movie song from the Marathi or Hindi to English
and write on the problems you faced.
6. Translate a passage from a novel or play and write on the grammatical changes in that
activity.
7. Translate a scene from any popular classic and discuss the modernity of that activity
8. Translate a pas sage from any religious text in and write a detailed note on that
Recommended Reading :
1. As-Safi, Abdul B. Translation Theories, Strategies and Basic Theoretical Issues .
Petra University, 2011.

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2. Baker, Mona. Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account . Rou tledge, 2006.
3. Brians, Paul. Modern South Asian Literature in English . Greenwood Press, 2003.
4. Landers, Clifford E. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide . Multilingual
Matters, 2001.
5. Doorslaer, Luc van and Peter Flynn, editors. Eurocentrism in Translati on Studies .
John Benjamins, 2013.
6. Koskinen, Kaisa and Catherine Way, editors. New Horizons in Translation
Research and Education 3. University of Eastern Finland, 2015.
7. Koester, Craig R. Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and
Commentary . Yal e University Press, 2014.
8. Neubert, Albrecht and Gregory M. Sherve. Translation as Text: Translation
Studies . The Kent State UP, 1992.
9. Somers, Harold, editor. Computers and Translation: A translator‟s guide . John
Benjamins, 2003.
10. St. Andre, J. Revisiting Walter Benjamin‘s ―The Task of the Translator‖ in Light
of His Concept of Criticism in German Romanticism. TTR, Vol. 24, no. 1, 1st
Semester, 2011. doi.org/10.7202/1013256ar
11. St-Pierre, Paul and Prafulla C. Kar, editors. In Translation – Reflections,
Refractions, Transformations . John Benjamins, 2007.
Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Dattaguru G. Joshi
(Convener) Associate Professor and HoD, English, Gogate -Walke College,
Banda
Dr. Arjun S. Kharat Asst. Professor and HoD, English, Ramn arain Ruia
Autonomous Colle ge, L. N. Road, Matunga (E), Mumba i.
Dr. Suja Roy Abraham Asst. Professor and Department of English,VPM‘s Joshi
Bedekar College, Thane.
Mrs. Vandana C. Kakade Asst. Professor andHoD, English, Anandibai Raorane College,
Vaibhavwadi.
Dr.Ajiet Ravikant Jac hak Asstt. Professor and HoD, English, Bar. Sheshrao Wankhede
Mahavidyalaya, Mohpa, District Nagpur.
******************

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48
SEMESTER II
Core Courses
5. Theories of Translation PATRS201 Paper -V
6. Gender, Ethnicity and Translation PATRS202 Paper –VI
7. Translation in Indian Context PATRS203 Paper -VII
8. Technology in Translation PATRS204 Paper -VIII

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49



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)
Part I Semester II

Core Paper: V

Theories of Translation




(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 56

50


1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS201
iii. Cours e Title Theories of Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

Page 57

51
MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Co urse: Theories of Translation
Preamble
The process of translation happens to be a technical transmission of sound and sense in all
contexts. The students need to understand the basic theories that have evolved through the
concepts and ideas in practice of earlier disciplines and interdisciplinary or cross disciplinary
world of educational, commercial and socio -political and pragmatic living. This course on
theories of translation intends to educate the students in their abilities of knowing, and
showing th e theoretical perceptions in their practice of translation. The course makes them
aware of not only the thinkers and theories and the dimensions of applying these to their
practice but also attempts to equip them with skills to use language in its multi -functional
contexts that may include the routine and professional communication, diplomacy,
administration, art and activism amongst many others. The process of learning is a language -
oriented process and the theories of translation as a medium of such a lea rning can enhance
the personality of learners in all possible ways.
Objectives of the Course:
 To introduce the students to primary theories of translation with all important
concepts and topics related to the practice of translation in academic and commerc ial
areas of knowledge
 To acquaint the students with the theoretical possibilities in research and practice in
translation as well as translated literature and language in the present context
 To introduce the students with the singular and comparative co ncepts, terms, ideas
and theories that involve new perspectives
 To explore the multicultural relations and the scientific and technological knowledge
Course Outcomes:
 The students will be acquainted with primary theories of translation with all important
concepts and topics related to the practice of translation in academic and commercial
areas of knowledge

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52
 They will be well -acquainted with the theoretical possibilities in research and practice
in translation as well as translated literature and language in the present context
 They will be familiar with the singular and comparative concepts, terms, ideas and
theories that involve new perspectives
 They will be able to explore the multi -ethnic and multi -lingual intersectionality and
the scientific and tech nological knowledge suitable to their career or profession

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53
Semester II
Title of the paper: Theories of Translation
Core Course No.: V Total Credit s:
6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Background Concepts and Topics (15 Lectures)
 Concepts: Significance of Theories in Translation as a professiona l and accuracy -
oriented skill, Indian Aesthetic Theories in Translation and Concepts like
Shabdanuvaad, Bhavanuvaad, Chhayanuvaad and Arthanuvaad , Theorisation of
translation in the West and the East in general
 Topics: Theories related to Equivalence and U ntranslatability, Theories related to
Human and Machine Translation, Theories of Translation in Functional areas, in
Literary Contexts, in Academia, in Media and Politics and in Commercial Corporate
world of Industrial advancement, theorisation of translat ion based on process,
product, function and purpose of translating, and so on
Unit II Theories of Equivalence in Translation (15 Lectures)
 Deep Structure and Surface Structure in language and communication
 Dynamic and Formal Equivalence
 Functional equi valence, Verbal, Grammatical, Lexical and Structural Equivalence
 Equivalence of Thoughts, Ideation, Symbolization, Imagist or Metaphorical
Equivalence
Unit II - Applied Dimensions of Theories (15 Lectures)
 Theories of Translation in Pre -Colonial and Post-colonial Context
 Indian thinkers like Sri Aurobindo and A. K. Ramanujan on Translation
 Theorising Translation for Decolonization – Relevance of Nativism, Indianness,
Cultural Materialism and Cultural Translation in the Ideas proliferated by
Contempor ary Indian Scholars like Bhalchandra, Nemade Gayatri C. Spivak, Ganesh
Devy, Vilas Sarang, Makarand Paranjape, and Maya Pandit Narkar
Unit IV - Practice of Translation with and without Theory (15 Lectures)
 Applied theory in translation – Examples from t he Western Context

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 Impact of Theory and its Absence in Indian Texts and Contexts
 Pragmatics and Translation as theory -free practice in the Multi -lingual and Functional
Contexts
 Theorisation of translation as socio -political, cultural or psycho -analytica l extension
of ideology, creed or perspective
Evaluation Pattern: Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentatio n on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

10 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes
20 Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
 Sharma T. R. S., Translating Literary Text through Indian Poetics, A
Phenomenological Study
https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/volume1_N1/Articles/11 -
Translating%20Literary%20Texts%20Through%20Indian%20Poetics.pdf
 Anthony Pym, On indeterminacy in translati on. A survey of Western theories,

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55
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1083.2407&rep=rep1&typ
e=pdf
 Ifesieh Emeka C., Semantic Transla tion as Panacea to Misinformation in Literary
Translation
http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/55f27e77cda29.pdf
 Despoina Panou, Equivalence in Tra nslation Theories: A Critical Evaluation
http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol03/01/01.pdf
 Spivak Gayatri C., More Thoughts on Cultural Translation
https://transversal.at/transversal/0608/spivak/en
 Sarang Vilas, The Perils of Nativism
https://scroll.in/article/720798/the -perils -of-nativism -an-essay -by-vilas -sarang -1942 -
2015
 English Translations of Select Modern Marathi Poems: A Study in Interlingual and
Intercultural Transfer
http://shodh.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/46/2/02_chapters.pdf
 Paranjape Makarand, The Pedagogy of the Translated
https://www.makar and.com/acad/pedagogyofthetranslated.htm
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and attempt
one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words excluding the
translated text).
1. Translate a paragraph from the Marathi or Hindi to English and write a note observing
any Western Theory of Translation in that activity
2. Translate a scene from a play, a chapter from a novel or a bunch of pages from a story
in any Indian Language to English and comment on the Indian theory observed
through that
3. Translate a stanza of any poem or song from any Indian language and critically
analyse the syntactic, rhetoric, semantic aspects discovered in that activity
4. Translate a paragraph from Akbar Birbal Stories, Jataka Tales, Aesop‘s Fables or
Stories from Alice in Wonderland from English to any Indian Language and discuss
the grammatical and theoretical similarities or dissimilarities in the act

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5. Translate a paragraph from any document from Indian language to English and again
from English to Indian Language and compare the twice -removed -sense of translated
document in linguistic and stylistic context
6. Translate a recipe from English to any Indian language and discuss how the absence
of theory in such an act can be advantageous or disadvantageous.
7. Translate a circular of government from any Indian language to English and discuss
the failure or success of applies any theory to the act of translation
8. Translate an advertisement from any language to English or from English to Indi an
Language, and comment on the commercial impact made less or more in one of the
two languages and justify why did you find such difference.
9. Translate any theoretical quote from one Indian language to English and to another
two Indian languages from that English version and discuss the possibility of
theorising Multi -lingual Exercise in translation
10. Translate a column or an editorial from a newspaper or a magazine and find out which
theory can be the source of translation in that
Recommended Reading
1. A. K. Ramanujan‘s Theory of Translation
https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/109104050/lecture14/14_6.htm
2. Anthony Pym, Western translation theories as responses to equivalence
https://usuaris.tinet.cat/apym/on -line/translation/2009_paradigms.pdf
3. Dasan A. S., Discerning the Intimacies of Intertextuality: A. K. Ramanujan‟s
Hyphenate d Cosmopolitan Approach to Translation Theory and Practice
https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/volume8 -2/paper_6.pdf
4. E-acharya documents, Indian Traditions of Translation
http://eacharya.inflibnet.ac.in/data -server/eacharya -
documents/53e0c6cbe413016f234436f1_INFIEP_12/278/ET/ 12-278-ET-V1-
S1__module__lecture_.pdf
5. Mini Chandran , The Practice of Translation in India
https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/109104050/pdf_version/lecture13.pdf
6. Mukharjee Sujit, Translation as Discovery, Orient Longman, 1994.
7. Nagar Anupam R., The Concept of Translation in Western and Indian Traditions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334202857_The_Concept_of_Translation_in
_Indian_and_Western_Traditions

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8. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation . New York: Prentice -Hall International.
1988.
9. Nida Eugene A . Theory and Practice of Translation , Brill 2003.
10. Pandit Maya, Translation: A Case of Border Crossing in the Global Village
https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/Volume7/Articles/09%20 -
%20Translation%20 -
%20A%20Case%20of%20Border%20Crossing%20in%20the%20Global%20Vil lage
%20-%20Maya%20Pandit.pdf
11. Rositta Joseph Valiyamattam, Translating Indian Literatures into English: Theory and
Praxis ―Translating Indian Literatures into English: Theory and Praxis‖ ( The Quest -A
Peer -Reviewed International Literary Journal , Vol. 28, No.1, June 2014, pp.10 -32).
ISSN:0971 -2321
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308200658_Translating_Indian_Literatures
_into_English_Theory_and_Praxis
12. Sarang Vilas, the Stylistics of Literary Translation , University of Mumbai 1988.
13. Spivak G. C., Translating in a World of Languages,
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41419859.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7cd2f65fb46ec
14824c77bfff0f0a4f0
14. Tytler A. F., On Principles of Translation
https://bibdig.biblioteca.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/10/6622/essay -onthe -principles -of-
translation.pdf?sequence=3&isallowed=y
15. Venuti Lawrence, Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity and Ideology, 1992.
Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Bhagyashree S. Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Department of English University of
Mumbai
Dr. Shilpa Sapre Associate Professor, Department of English, Gogate
Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri
Dr. Savita Sukumar Assist. Professor Department of English , G M Momin
Women‘s College, Bhiwandi
Dr. Anil. Sonawane Asstt. Professor Department of Engli sh, St. Gonsalo G
College Vasai.
Dr. R. P. Pan dey Director, School of Translation Studies, IGNOU
*********************** **

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58



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)


Part I Semester II

Core Paper: VI


Gender, Ethnicity and Translation



(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 65

59
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS202
iii. Course Title Gender, Ethnicity and Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional Reference s Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Struc ture
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

Page 66

60
MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Gender, Ethnicity and Translation
Preamble
Translation is a complex process involving multi -layer ed linguistic, stylistic and semantic
procedures. Gender and origin of the translator as a part of the inevitable influence, may
interfere with or affect the process of translation. The ethnicity of the author, or the translator
and the period in which tra nslation is done also are other impacting factors that may shape
and derive the meanings of the text, or the perspectives in interpretation, reception and
translation. Understanding these very subtle impacting factors in the undercurrents in process
of tra nslation is a primary requisite for beginners who study translation. This paper equips the
translators with deeper insights and profound understanding of the process and influences on
the act of translation, the mind of translator, and the process of trans lation along with the final
outcome of translation as a product. Gender and Ethnicity are signifying identity markers and
the orientation of the writer‘s minds or the readers‘ reception of the texts and the topics may
be dependent on these. Hence the need to justify, modify, clarify and qualify translations and
the perceptions via translations with the consideration of these factors is fulfilled by creating
this paper in the course.
Objectives
 To enable the learners to utilize the techniques of translatio n and understand the
factors like gender and ethnicity from source language to target language
 To create awareness about the patriarchal, the feminist and the queer modes of writing
as well as interpretations through translated texts
 To explore the cultura l ideologies of ethnic groups in India, represented through the
translated works
 To create an awareness about the social exclusion of tribal communities, ethnic
minorities, women of the marginalized sections, the transgenders, and the labouring
children or senior citizens from the below poverty classes as minority in suffering
Course Outcomes
 The learners will be able to identify the common / diverse ideas intersecting the focal
points of ethnicity and gender in translated texts

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 The learner will acquire the skill of translation and apply these techniques to find
layers of meaning which point out to issues of ethnicity and gender while translating
these texts
 The learner will develop a holistic approach and appreciate the multilingual and
Multicultural nature of Indian society
 They will be able to analyse, and interpret the translated texts from historical, social
and cultural perspectives for understanding gender -oriented power dynamics and for
developing the social sensibility to appreciate the cultural diversity of ethnic groups in
India

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Semester II
Title of the Course : Gender, Ethnicity and Translation
Core Course : VI Total Credits : 6
Total Lectures: 60

Unit 1 Background Concepts and Topics (15 Lectures)
 Theories and concepts from the gendered theories and gendered translations, from
India and literature from European nations, including the documents from history,
critical approaches, interpretative perspectives, translating gender and reflections of
gender in translation, gender -conscious elements in translation, erotic aspects o f
translation and the ethnically influenced translations
 Methodological Debates on to pics such as grammatical gender, trans -gendering
translation theory. translating gender and translator‘s gender, defining ideas on
fidelity and the gendered translation, m etaphorical implications of gender in
translation, contested gender issues in translation, intersectionality and gender -
inclusive and gender -neutral language, Translation of feminist texts, translating
ethnicity, gendered approaches to translation

Unit I I Gender in Translated Texts (Any One) (15 Lectures)
 Beauvoir Simone de, The Second Sex, translated from French to English
https://lib com.org/files/1949_simone -de-beauvoir -the-second -sex.pdf
 Chugtai, Ismat, Dust of the Caravan - A Life in Words: Memoirs. Translated by M.
Asadudd, Penguin Books, 2012
https://jamiglobal.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/a -life-in-words_full_revised_2 -
feb.pdf

Unit III Ethnicity in Translated Texts (Any Two) (15 lectures)
 Phule, Jyotirao. Shetkaryaca Asud : Translated by Gail Omvedt and Bharat Patankar,
1883 https://drambedkarbooks.files. wordpress.com/2009/03/phule.pdf

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 In Front of Nanking City By - Anna Bhau Sathe . Translation by - Mr. Vishvas Vidu
Sapkal http://linksinfotech.in .net/annabhausathe/pdf/Ballad%20of%20Nanking%20 -
%20Anna%20Bhau%20Sathe.pdf
Unit 4 Practical Approach to Gender and Ethnicity in Translation (Any One) (15
Lectures)
 Mahashweta Devi, Bitter Soil , translated by Ipsita Chanda, Seagull, 1998
 Krishna Sobti The Music of Solitude , translated from Hindi by Vasudha Dalimia,
Harperperennial, 2019
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for I nternal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

10 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 1 5 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

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References
 Introduction – The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir
http://www.sfu.ca/~decaste/OISE/page2/files/deBeauvoirIntro.pdf
 "Feminist Translation: Contexts, Practices and Theories" Luise von Flotow TTR:
traduction, terminologie, rédaction, vol. 4, n° 2, 1991, p. 69 -84.
http://navajyotijournal.org/august_issue/NJAug2016_5.pdf
 Judith Lorber, Rose Laub Coser, Alice S. Rossi, and Chodorow Nancy, on the
Reproduction of Mothering
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3173759.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ad8814a9d2e0d1
8b551fddec06bb54ac0
 Roberta Guerrina, on The Reproduction of Mothering by Nancy Chodorow
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9550075.pdf
 Rokeya, Begum. ―Istrijatir Abanati‖ (Woman‟s Downfall). Translated by Mohammad
A. Quayum. Translation Literature, 4.2 (2001). Web. 16 May 2016.
https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsell/v4 -i9/6.pdf
 Parvathy. P., Living Man: A Study of U. R. Anantha Murthy‘s Novel Samskara
http://oaji.net/articles/2019/488 -1551937287.pdf
 Untouchability and Humanity ISSN: 0970 -4175
https://www.thebookreviewindia.org/untouchability -and-humanity/
 E-chou Wu, Feminist Translation / Feminist Adaptation: Ang Lee‟s Sense and
Sensibility
 https://ep.liu.se/ecp/095/003/ecp13095003.pdf

Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
1. Practice Exercises to b e given by teachers on Poems/ Stories/ Essays from any
Regional language to English
2. The Poems / Stories / Essays that manifest the issues on ethnicity and gender
3. Write an assignment on your observations of the interplay of gender roles in any
Indian TV ser ial of your choice
4. Translate a scene from any Hindi film based on the Transgender community and write
a detailed note on their depiction in films

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5. Read a novel / poem / drama translated from any tribal language to English and
comment on the influence of th e ethnic culture on the language of the text
6. Translate interviews of renowned personalities belonging to ethnic groups. Elaborate
on the challenges they faced to reach where they are today
7. Translate one newspaper report referring to problems faced by any ethnic group from
any regional newspaper
8. Translate a regional play that depicts the history of any Indian Ethnic group into
English
9. Translate some regional tribal / folksongs into English and write a note on the themes
of these songs
10. Throw light on th e portrayal of any Indian ethnic community through various dance
and art forms in any text translated in English or any regional language of your choice
Recommended Reading
1. Arrojo, R. (1994). Fidelity and The Gendered Translation. TTR, 7 (2), 147 –163.
2. Athena (Advanced Thematic Network in European Women‘s Studies) . Translating
Gender . Print.
3. Bruti, Silvia & Valdeon, Roberto & Zanotti, Serenella. (2014). Introduction:
Translating Ethnicity: Linguistic and Cultural Issues. European Journal of English
Studies . 18. 10.1080/13825577.2014.960743.
4. Chamberlain, Lori. ―Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation‖ in Chicago
Journals: Signs, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Spring, 1988), pp. 454 -472. Chicago: The University
of Chicago Press, 1988. Print.
5. Flotow, Luise von. ―Feminist Translation: Context, Practices, Theories‖. TTR 4.2
(1991): 69 -84. Print.
6. Gambier, Yves. Handbook of Translation Studies . Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. Print. https://doi.org /10.7202/037184
7. Federici, Eleonora and Leonardi, Vanessa (Ed.). Bridging the Gap between Theory
and Practice in Translation and Gender Studies . UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
2013. Print
8. Federici, Eleonora and Leonardi, Vanessa (Ed.). ―Using and Abu sing Gender in
Translation - The Case of Virginia Woolf‘s A Room of One‟s Own Translated into
Italian‖. Italy: Quaderns. Revista de Traducció 19, 2012 pp. 183-198. Print.

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66
9. Flotow, Luise von. ―Contested Gender in Translation: Intersectionality and
Metamorph ic‖ on Palimpsests: Open Edition Journal (online), 2009.
https://journals.openedition.org/palimpsestes/211
https://doi.org/10.4000/pa limpsestes.211
10. Hameed Sajna, on Vidya, Living Smile. I am Vidya: A Transgender‟s Journey,
IJMDR, Navjyoti, 2016 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59325319.pdf
11. Kim Wallmach (1996). Feminist Tran slation: A First Exploration, Language Matters,
27:1, 284 -311, DOI: 10.1080/10228199608566115
12. Pal, Virender, ‗Religion, Caste and Modernity: A study of U. R. Ananthmurthy‘s
Samskara‟
13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324684663 -
Religion_Caste_and_Modernity_A_study_of_UR_Anathamurthy's_Samskara/link/5a
dc40a1a6fdcc29358a38dc/download
14. Palmary, Ingrid. ―A Politics of Feminist Translation: Using Translation to Understand
Gendered Meaning -Making in Research.‖ Signs, vol. 39, no. 3, 2014, pp. 576 –580.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/674297 . Accessed 18 Nov. 2020 .
15. Priya Sarukkai Chabria The Autobiography of a Goddess Translating The
Auto biography Of A Goddess: Concept
http://www.kaurab.com/themudproposal/priya -chabria/Aandaal -Project.pdff
16. Rokeya, Begum. ―Istrijatir Abanati‖ (Woman‟s Downfall:
https://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2 328/26435/Home.pdf;jsessioni
d=0D0B918C87227D19639B340476594DE9?sequence=1
17. Romaine, Suzanne. Gender, Grammar and the Space in between. Communicating
Gender in Context. (1997)
18. Rubin, D. L., and Greene, K. (1994). Adopting gender -inclusive language reforms . J.
Lang. Soc. Psychol. 13, 91 –114. doi: 10.1177/0261927X94132001
19. Simon, Sherry. Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and Politics of Translation.
London: Routledge, 1996. Print
20. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. ―The Politics of Translation‖. Outside in th e Teaching
Machine. Routledge,1993. pp. 179 -200.
21. Suniel Kumar, Dr. Narendra, Rituals in Conflict with Modernization: A Critical
Perspective on U. R. Anantha Murthy‘s Samskara http://www.rjelal.com/7.1.19/245 -
250%20SUNIEL%20KUMAR.pdff

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22. Vasvári, Louise O. "Grammatical Gender Trouble and Hungarian Gender [lessens ].
Part I: Comparative Linguistic Gender." Hungarian Cultural Studies 4 (2011): 143.
Web.

Syllabus Prepared by:

Dr Baliram Gaikwad
(Convener) Associate Professor & Head, Department of English,
Acharya Marathe College, Mumbai .
Dr. Pratima Das Associate Professor & Head, Department of English,
Smt. CHM College, Ulhasnagar
Dr. Rajendrakumar Chougule I/C Principal, Kankavli Co llege, Kankavli
Prof Maria Shaikh Assistant Professor, Department of English, R J
College, Mumbai .
Dr Vittalrao Gaikwad Professor, Department of Translation Studies,
Kannada University, Hampi
***********************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)

Part I Semester II

Core Paper: VII

Translation in Indian Context




(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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69


1. Syllabus as per Choice B ased Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS203
iii. Course Title Translation in Indian Context
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syl labus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Preamble
As mentioned by Sujit Mukherjee, ‗we have been practising translation for a long time
without giving it such a name or style‘. Translation has become necess ary part of daily lives
in India in day to day conversations. Further, literary compositions began to be recomposed
by telling or retelling or writing in Indian and Western languages. Literatures from Indian
languages also have been translated into various languages within and outside India, making
translation as pivotal, all -inclusive and emergent subject in Indian context. The present course
aims to highlight and bring out the significance of translation and its practices starting from
pre-colonial period to postcolonial period in India along with eminent translated texts. The
selection is comprehensive in a sense to provide briefly, the growth and antiquity of
translation in India.
Objectives
The learners in this course are expected to:
 Know about va rious translation practices from pre -colonial to postcolonial India
 Understand, read and appreciate translation as product
 Understand translation as a multi -cultural process in Indian context
 Understand the post -colonial impact in Indian translations
 Know about the relative significance of Bhasha literatures in India
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course students will able to :
 Understand, read and appreciate translation
 Estimate the paradigm shifts in translation in India
 Understand the evolutio n of translation in India
 Understand pre and post -colonial Indian ethos in translations

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Semester II
Title of the paper: Translation in Indian Context
Core Course: VII Total Credits: 6

Total Lectures: 60
UNIT I History and the Present
 Indian culture as multi -ethnic set up and Translation, Indian Aesthetics and
translation, Pre -colonial and Pre -modern Translations in India, Retelling of Epics and
the mythol ogical stories as Translation, Translations of Ramayana, Mahabharata,
Bible and books of ancient times, in Indian Languages and into English
 Multilingualism and Translation, the present scenario of translation in Education and
academics, growing scope of translation in industrial and legal spheres and the multi -
faceted work of translation going on in media, films, adaptation and theatrical shows,
entertainment industry and translation, machine translation and digital India with
transliteration online and t ranslation in all areas of work and trade

UNIT II Translation in India - Contexts
 Stages of Translation in India, Colonialism and Translation, Translation and the new
Genres in Indian languages, examples of: modern poetry, prose, novels and plays, in
Translation, Self -fashioning of Indian languages through translation, Translation and
linguistic Public spheres, Translation and Modernity, Nation, Religion, Novel,
Hegemony and Resistance.
 European Classics and Canons in Indian languages, Indian Classics in English and
other foreign languages, Shakespeare in many Indian languages, and in theatrical
remakes as adapted dramas and as adaptations into films, Post -independent
Translations after the history of Partition, Feminist Writings and Translation,
Minority Literatures and Translation, Ideologies and Translations, Dalit literature and
translations, Subaltern and Translations

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72
UNIT III Translation in Prose / Fiction (Any two)
 Gora, Rabindranath Tagore, Translated by Sujit Mukherjee Sahitya Akademi,
India1998
 A Childhood In Malabar, A Memoir, Kamala Das translated from Malayalam
by Gita Krishnankutty Penguin 2003
 The Age of Darkness (Dharmveer Bharti‘s Andha Yug translated by Alok Bhalla),
John Fred erick Lewis Collection, Free Library of Philadelphia

UNIT IV Translation in Poetry / Drama / Stories (Any two)
 Vijay Tendulkar, Vultures (translated by Priya Adarkar)
 Whom Can I Tell? How Can I Explain? Selected Stories by Saroj Pathak, translated
from Gujarati and with an introduction by Shirin Kudchedkar
 Yakoob‘s Telugu poems translated into English by T. S. Chandra Mouli
http://www.setumag.com/2019/05/translation -yakoobs -poems -telugu -to.html

Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the text
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the Written Assignment
Viva Voce based on the written assignment /Research Paper
10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions ) Durat ion: 50 minutes
20 Marks

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73
Semester End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Ques tion 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
1. "AK Ramanujan‘s theory and practice of translation." Post-colon ial Translation
(2002): 114
2. Mukherjee, Sujit and Meenakshi Mukherjee. Translation as recovery . Pencraft
International, 2004
3. Nair, Rukmini Bhaya, Translation, Text and Theory: the Paradigm of India. Edited:
Sage, New Delhi, India; Thousand Oaks, USA; and Lo ndon, UK; 2002
4. Singh, Udaya Narayana, Translation as Growth: Towards a theory of Language
Development . Pearson, 2010
5. Devy, G. N. "Indian literature in English translation." In another tongue: Essays on
Indian English literature (1993): 117 -33
6. Nair, Rukmini Bhaya, ed. Translation, text and theory: the paradigm of India . SAGE
Publications Pvt. Limited, 2002
7. Niranjana, Tejaswini. Siting Translation: History, Post -structuralism and the
Colonial Context Hyderabad: Orient Longmam, 1992. Print
8. "In our own time, on our own terms: ‗translation‘ in India." Translating Others 1
(2006): 102 -19
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below any two topics and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words)
1. Dilip Chitre, Says Tuka
2. Linda Hess, Bijak of Kabir

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74
3. Bhalchandra Nemade, Cocoon
4. Mytheli Sreenivas, Wives, Widows and Concubines
5. T.S. Pillai, Chemmeen
6. Lakshmi Holmstrom, The Inner Courtyard: Stories by Indian Women
7. Sir William Jones, Shakuntala
8. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Anand amath
9. A.K. Ramanujan, Speaking of Siva
10. Roop Naraian Sonker, Poisonous Roots
11. Ahmed Ali (ed.), The Golden Tradition: An Anthology of Urdu Poetry
12. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee‘s Anandmath
Recommended Reading

1. Bhabha, Homi K., (ed.) ―Introduction: Narrating th e Nation‖ in Nation and narration .
Routledge, 1990
2. Kamala, N. (ed.) Translating Women: Indian Interventions . Zubaan, 2009
3. Kothari, Rita. Translating India: The Cultural Politics of English (2003), Routledge,
2014
4. Multilingual Nation: Translation and Langu age Dynamic in India , OUP, 2018
5. Mukherjee, Meenakshi. "Nation, Novel, Language‖. The Perishable Empire: Essays
on Indian Writing in English (2000): 1 -29
6. Mukherjee, Sujit. ―The Craft not Sullen Art of Translation‖ Translation, Text and
Theory: The Paradigm of India. SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited, 2002
7. Translation as discovery and other essays on Indian literature in English translation .
Allied, 1981
8. "Translation and world literature: The Indian context." Translation and world
literature . Routledge, 2018. 15 -28
9. Selver, Paul. The Art of Translating Poetry . Landon: John Baker, 1966
10. Poems of Love And War: From The Eight Anthologies And The Ten Long Poems Of
Classical Tamil A. K. Ramanujan Tolkppiyar
d8278be9afdfa6f3f8e3cf893153d0bb6ed3.pdf

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75
Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Rajesh Karankal Head, Department of English, University of Mumbai,
Mumbai
Dr Sucharita Sarkar DTSS C ollege, Madad East, Mumbai
Dr Nitin Bharaskar Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hinduja
College, Charni Road,Mumbai.
Dr Joseph Koyippally Joseph Head, Department of English and Comparative Literature,
Central University of Kerala, Kasargod
Dr. Shivarama Padikkal Professor of Translation Studies, Centre for Applied
Linguistics and Translation Studies (CALTS), School of
Humanities, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli,
Hyderabad.



**********************************

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76




UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Core Course
Technology in Translation

Semester II

Paper -VIII


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2 021‐2022)

Page 83

77
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS204
iii. Course Title Technology in Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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78
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Preamble:
The proposed curriculum is designed keeping in to the consideration of the need of the
students that will enable them to und erstand the significance of increased role of machine
translation. As we are the globalized community, the responsibility to cater the need of the
students in an increased completive environment and advance technology enabled teaching,
learning system come s to the academicians. Thus, the course introduces the students
translation technology, linguistic problems in translation and applications widely used to
come up with the best translations in Indian literature. This would act as a linkage does
develop the expertise in corporate publishing industry and the regional languages and
literatures to get wide accessibility of the readers. The course is meant to familiarise the
students with issues in translation theory and practice. The course will focus on the s ocial
and political implications of translations, and will take into account non -literary translations
too. Thus syllabus needs to be well structured with a balance in learning skills in the domains
of machine translation and the edited translation works b y the experts. The syllabus must be
capable to obtain the learning objectives and bridge the student‘s expectations at ground level
with their future mentors.
Objectives of the Course:
 To offer the students an exhaustive study of Machine Translation of various Indian
languages
 To acquaint them phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactic etc. problems of the
English language in Machine translation.
 To let them know that situational, contextual, social and cultural appropriateness is as
important as grammatical correctness.
 To make them friendly with the use of various applications widely used in Machine
translation by the publishing industry.
 To help them improve their language skills, listening, reading, speaking and writing
skills.
 To famili arize the students with English language as a means of communication.

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79
Learning outcomes of the Course:
Having successfully completed this module, learner will:
 The students‘ learners would be able to strengthen their knowledge and understandin g
of the Machine translation.
 They are sensitized with the approaches, methods and techniques of translations,
problems and applications used in translation studies in English language and
literature.
 They are familiarized with the hurdles of the machine translation and ways to
overcome them.
 The course would enable them to grab the growing opportunities in corporate and
publishing industry as expertise man power to be accommodated in the organizations
and the publishing industry after completion of it.

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80
Semester: II
Title of the paper: Technology in Translation
Paper No.: VIII Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I: Introduction to Translation Technology 15
 A Brief History of Translation Technology
 Defining: Machine Translation, Machine -Aided Human Translation, Fully
Automatic Machine Translation
 Translation Studies and Translation Technology
 Machine Translation and Other Disciplines
 Computational Linguistics and Translation
 NLP – Natural Langua ge Processing
Unit II: Linguistic Problems in Translation Technology 15
 Syntactic Problems
 Semantic Problems
 Phonological Problems
 Morphological Problems
 Lexicographical Problems
 Pragmatic Problems
Unit III: Translation Technology 15
 CAT / Electr onic Tools and Resources
 Translation Memories
 Electronic Corpora
 Terminology Data Base
 Translation Management System
 Evaluating Translation Tools
Unit IV: Machine Translation 15
 Approaches and Methods of Machine Translation
 Uses and Applications of Machine Translation

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81
 MT Systems
 Input Pre -processing and Output Post -editing
 Text Types for MT Practice: Informative prose passages, news, email,
story, letter, research paper, report, menus, lists, hoardings, Banners,
advertisement etc.
 Post editing the given output of Google machine translation system to
make it a usable version.
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written Assignment/Project on Practical Translation - the
topic suggested by the teacher f or Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written Assignment/Project
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test containing 10 Questions based on the
syllabus 10 Marks

Semester End Examination:
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks
Recommended Reading:
1. Quah, C.K. Translation and Technology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. Print.
2. Sin-wai, Chan, A Dictionary of Translation Technology. Hong Kong: The Chinese
University Press.2004. Print.

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82
3. Newton, J. (ed.) (1992a) Computers in Translation: A Practical Appraisal. London:
Routledge.
4. Steiner, E. and C. Yallop (eds) (2001) Exploring Translati on and Multilingual Text
Production: Beyond Context. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
5. Austermühl, F. (2001) Electronic Tools for Translators. Manchester: St Jerome
Publishing.
6. Bowker, L. (2002) Computer -aided Translation Technology: A Practical Introduction.
Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
7. Arnold, Douglas, et al. Machine Translation: An Introductory Guide. London: Blackwell,
1994. Print.
References:
1. Arnold, Douglas, et al. Machine Translation: An Introductory Guide. London: Blackwell,
1994. Print.
2. Allen, Jef f. 2003. "Post -editing". Harold Somers, ed. Computers and Translation. A
Handbook for Translators. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
3. Bharati, Akshar, Chaitanya, Vineet, Kulkarni, Amba P., Sangal, Rajeev Anusaaraka:
Machine
4. Bowker, Lynne. 2002. Computer -Aided Tran slation Technology. A Practical
Introduction. Ottawa: Presses de l'Université d Ottawa.
5. Translation in stages . Vivek, A Quarterly in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 10, No. 3 (July
1997), NCST, India, pp. 22 -25.
6. http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs.CL/0306130
7. Dash, Nila dri Sekhar, Chaudhuri, Bidyut Baran 2000. Why do we need to develop
corpora in Dunne, Keiran J. ed. 2006. Perspectives on Localization. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins Publishing.
8. Indian languages? A paper presented at SCALLA 2001 conference, Bangalore.
http://www.elda.fr/proj/scalla/SCALLA2001/SCALLA2001 Dash.pdf
9. Dave, Shachi, Parikh, Jignashu and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak Interlingua Based English
Hindi
10. Jekat, Susanne J. and Lorenzo Tessiore. 20 00. End -to-End Evaluation of Machine
Interpretation Systems: A Graphical Evaluation Tool. Hamburg: University Research
Center on Multilingualism.

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83
11. Kugler, M., K. Ahmad and G. Thurmair eds. 1995. Translator's Workbench. Tools and
Terminology for Translation and Text Processing. Berlin: Springer
12. Machine Translation and Language Divergence, Journal of Machine Translation,
Volume 17, September, 2002.
13. Goyal, Vishal. Development of A Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System .A Ph.
D. Thesis. Punjabi University . 2010.Web.
14. Hutchins, W. John, Somers, Harold L. An Introduction to Machine Translation.
Academic Press, London, 1992.
15. Murthy, B. K., Deshpande, W. R. 1998. Language technology in India: past, present and
future . http://www.cicc.or.jp/english/hyoujyunka/m lit3/7 -12.html
16. Rao, Durgesh 2001. Machine Translation in India: A Brief Survey .
17. SCALLA 2001 conference, Bangalore
http://www.elda.fr/proj/scalla/SCALLA2001/SCALLA2001Rao.pdf
18. Winston, P. H. Artificial intelligence: A perspective. In E. L. Grimson & R. S. Patil
(Eds.), AI in the 1980s and Beyond (pp. 112). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.(1987).Print
19. Koehn, Philipp. Statistical Machine Translation. New York :Cambridge University Press.
2010. Print.

Syllabus Prepared by:

Name Details
Dr Satyawan Hanegave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and
Commerce (Autonomous), Vidyavihar, Mumbai -400077.
Kranti Doibale Assistant Professor, Department of English, R.D. & S.H.
National College, Bandra West, Mumbai -400055
Dr Rajesh Yeole HoD Department of English, Changu Kana Thakur Arts,
Commerce and Science College, New Panvel, Maharashtra.
Dr Santosh Mishra Assistant Professor, Department . of English, DSPM' K. V.
Pendharkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce,
Dombivli, Maharashtra.
Dr Kamlakar Gavane PG Department of English, Maharashtra Udayagiri
Mahavidyalaya, Udgir, Dist:Latur, Maharashtra.


****************************************

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MA PART II

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SEMESTER III
Electives -I
10. Intersemiotic Translation PATRS301 Paper - IX- (A)
11. Translation and Cultural Studies PATRS302 Paper - IX- (B)
Elective – II
12. Translation Politics PATRS303 Paper -X- (A)
13. Aesthetics of Translation PATRS304 Paper -X- (B)
Elect ive- III
14. Translation in World Literature PATRS305 Paper -XI-(A)
15. Comparative Studies and Translation PATRS306 Paper -XI-(B)
Elective – IV
16. Colonial and Postcolonial Context of Translation
Studies PATRS306 Paper -XII- (A)
17. Translation Stud ies as a Discourse of Protest PATRS307 Paper -XII- (B)
Elective - V
18. Multiculturalism and Translation PATRS308 Paper -XIII-(A)
19. Popular Culture and Translation PATRS309 Paper -XIII-(B)

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -I
Intersemiotic Translation

Semester III

Paper - IX- (A)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021‐2022)

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87

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based C redit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS301
iii. Course Title Intersemiotic Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Preamble
Learners of this program are required to know and understand the primary concepts involved
in the process of translation as this course is made for the advanced stag e of learning. As a
discipline translation would be taught to students in their primary stage while this course is
the next level view of a very specified information and knowledge of inter -semiotic
translation which is so widespread and relevant in today‘ s virtual and globalized world, while
the virtual living, media and films become as inevitable element of transmission as theatres,
television, online resources. These resources include the multimedia entertainment choices
like Netflix and YouTube in both the personalized and the universalized visualizations.
Additionally, these sources are also open access for the interactive and participatory talent
exhibition so the papers like inter -semiotic translation become not only important experience
of learning a nd growing digitally but also skill -based approach to enhance the personalities
of learners, who in turn may open their own future doors through their capabilities and
knowledge of inter -semiotic skills.
Objectives of the Course:
 To introduce the student s to the advanced forms of translation through the semiotic and
inter-semiotic media so that they acquire more suitable life skills
 To acquaint the students with the very interesting and significant forms of multi -media
possibilities and scope in translat ion for the national and International context
 To introduce the students with the cross disciplinary and multicultural importance of
the vast avenues that translation has and can extend to develop their perceptive and
creative ability
 To explore the endl ess directions of all -occupying technological and digital media,
culture and virtuality of living as the outcome of translation in universalized forms of
skills, wisdom and knowledge
Course Outcomes:
 The students will confidently know about the advanced fo rms of translation through the
semiotic and inter -semiotic media so that they acquire more suitable life skills

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 They will be very well acquainted with the most significant forms of multi -media
possibilities and scope in translation for the national and In ternational context
 They will be able to perform in the cross disciplinary and multicultural spheres of
many important avenues that translation has and can extend to develop their perceptive
and creative ability
 They will develop the capacity to explore the endless directions of all -occupying
technological and digital media, culture and virtuality of living as the outcome of
translation in universalized forms of skills, wisdom and knowledge

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Semester III
Title of the Course: Intersemiotic Translation
Elective Course : IX (A) Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I - Backgr ound Concepts and Topics (15 Lectures)
Concepts: Significance of the semiotic and inter -semiotic and meta -semiotic
transmission as the audio -visual agency in commercial and artistic demands in the
current scenario of educational field and entertainment in dustry, the scope of using
multimodality through various inter -semiotic modalities of translation as creative and
innovative practices in contemporary business world and corporate companies, the
use of inter -semiotic translation to bring out hidden qualiti es of individuals and to
make the best of team -collaborations in academic and pragmatic projects as part of
socio -semiotic communications.
Topics: Theories related to inter -semiotic transfer in translation, solutions to zero -
translatability in inter -semiot ic creativity and the possibilities of changing
interpretations and perspectives through the inter -semiotic applications in translation.
Types of translation in Inter -semiotic productions like adaptation, transformation,
transduction, transmutation and the Iconism between the verbal and the visual as
major aspects in the re -structuring of ideologies, ethics, traditions and formation of
new ideas, norms and modernized versions of human perspectives through inter -
semiotic translations.
Unit II - The Major fo rms of Inter -Semiotic Translations (15 Lectures)
 Translations from page to Stage – the dramatization of stories, poems, novels, or plays
in theatrical mode and forms of cultural representations
 Translations from unseen to big Screen – Film versions of sto ries, plays, novels etc. in
the advancement of multimodal cohesion through inter -semiotic translations
 Translations from the non -performative to the performative as from a poem to a dance,
from a narrative in oral tradition to a street -play or from the bha jan to a soundless
enacted show as performance

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 Translations in Media, Bollywood, Theatres - national and international, and amateur
little spaces emerging out of the quest for inter -semiotic translation as the new art
forms and corpus studies
Unit III - Popular Instances of Inter -semiotic Translations (15 Lectures)
 Shakespeare Revisited through Inter -semiotic translations and classical or canonical
genres, authors, texts deconstructed for the sake of learning and earning, popularity,
synchronization, do mestication, foreignization and globalization
 Animation of Children‘s Stories or the Serialized production of Mythological stories of
characters (Bheem as Chhota Bheem and so on), and the animated versions (as Jungle
book, Lion King and so on) or Film ver sions of classical fiction like Gulliver‘s Travels
or Science fiction into films and animations.
 Media accessibility through Dubbing, Subtitling and Voice -art in transmission of
stories, reports, films, and entertainment industry including radio, audio -books and
Alexa versions.
 Voice Portals as the latest sources of extended digital experience in the present times
Unit IV - Practical Analysis of Inter -semiotic Translation (15 Lectures)
 Appreciation of Bio -Pics in Recent Bollywood Trends – Films on the b iographies of
Sport -persons, political leaders and historical figures and the controversies about these
and the ambiguities of interpretation in such topics and so on
 Appreciation of the Inter -semiotic transfer in translation and promotion of new
experim ents as discoveries and criticism of the Inter -Semiotic experiments on the basis
of what is lost in translation – the orthodox views and the alternative thinking on the
same
 Multi -cultural hybridity and Multi -lingual unification of the newly emerging for ms and
trends in art, education, business, media and industrial world
 Inter -semiotic translation mirroring in religious, spiritual, emotional, psychological and
self-help kind of wisdom and such practices

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Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 M arks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

10 Marks

Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

Referen ces
 B.A. Smith, S. Tan, A. Podlasov, and K.L. O‘Halloran,
 Social Semiotics, Analyzing multimodality in an interactive digital environment:
Software as metasemiotic tool, Submitted for publication. Social Semiotics.
https://multimodal -analysis -lab.org/_docs/pubs08 -
Analyzing_multimodality_in_an_interactive_digital_environment.pdf
 Nicola Dusi, Inter -Semiotic Translation: Theories , Problems, Analysis in Semiotica,
2015 https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/semi/2015/206/article -p181.xml
 Peirce‘s Theory of Signs, First published Fri Oct 13, 2006 , substantive revision Mon
Nov 15, 2010 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce -semiotics/

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93
 Ida Stevia, Krogh Diget, Intersemiotic Translation from Film to Audio Description: A
cognitive semiotic approach
http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8997849&fileOId
=8997863
 NPTEL, Module lecture 37, Dubbing and Subtitlin g in Films,
https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/109104050/pdf_version/lecture37.pdf
 Marzieh Bagheri1, Azadeh Nemati, On the Translation Strategies of Movie Dubbing
and Subtitling: A Frequency Analysison Explicitation in Translation
http://www.hrpub.org/download/20140205/LLS3 -19301788.pdf
 Simon Sherry, Hybridity and translation , Con cordia University
https://www.academia.edu/39357329/Translation_and_Hybridity
 Nida Eugene A., "The Sociolinguistics of Translating Canonical Religious Texts"
TTR : traduction, term inologie, rédaction, vol. 7, n° 1, 1994, p. 191 -217
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59325563.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words
excluding the translated text).
1. Observe any performance based on the story and read the original story to write a
note on how the narration and characterization alters while the medium of deliv ery
changes (Examples – Stories of Edgar Allen Poe performed by Phonenix players in
Mumbai or the play like Silence the Court is in Session , or Ila Arun‘s adaptations of
Ibsen in her stage shows, or Rajat Kapoor‘s remakes of Shakespearean Plays in his
dram as like Hamlet the clown, What is done is done or Nothing like Lear and so on)
2. Find out a story or a drama that is performed on stage in theatrical show as well as
made into a film version and comment on the reading of its text as different from the
play a nd the film (Examples are A Doll‟s House, Stories of Tagore or Premchand and
so on)
3. Watch any current play or any Shakespearean drama in two languages performed on
stage and read its script as text to compare and contrast in analytical manner the
changes inevitable in the story in its inter -semiotic shift from page to stage

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4. Comment on the performance of a song in its dance visual and compare its
choreography with the lyrical structure of the song observing the inter -semiotic
translation of the lyrical mea ning to the meaning performed in the dance
5. Translate a stanza of any poem or song from any Indian language into a narration on
stage or a dance and describe the experience of your inter -semiotic translation
6. Observe the inter -semiotic translation of any no vel into film version and comment of
the advantages and disadvantages of the reading of that story as text and its film version
7. Observe the classical and the modern version of the same story in the film or
performance show, (Examples - Devdas, the old and new version and the latest in Dev
D or Stories from Mahabharata, TV Serials on Mythological or Historical Characters
and so on)
8. Watch a play and a film of the same story (as Shakespearean plots in Vishal
Bhardwaj‘s Trilogy) and write an essay on the restr ucturing of the story with change of
medium as Inter -semiotic translation
9. Listen to a song version of Ghalib, Sahir, Gulzar or any poet that you choose to read
and write a note on how the written script of lyrics by the chosen poet is similar,
different o r changed in what ways in its song form. (Multiple versions of the same song
can be taken or multiple songs from the same poet can be chosen).
10. Choose any text from press and media or from the social political writings and create
its version into a story, song, drama, novella or short film and write a note on the
activity you did attempt, to bring out the significance of inter -semiotic transfer.
Recommended Reading
1. Adriano Clayton da Silva On Jakobson‘s Intersemiotic Translations in Asterix
Comics Compara tismi 1I 2017 ISSN 2531 -7547 http://dx.doi.org/10.14672/20171233
2. Behn Aphra, Cultural Translator and Editorial Intermediary Jocelyn Hargrave
Monash University 268292557.pdf
3. CLE Symposium, Inter – Semiotic Translation and Cultural Literacy
https://cleurope.eu/activities/sigs/intersemioti c_translation/
4. Jurlina, Marija, Problems and Difficulties in Translating Children's Literature
jurlina_marija_unizd_2016_zavrs_sveuc.p df
5. Kathryn Batchelor, Translation and Paratexts , Translation Studies Explored, Series
editor Theo Hermans, TRANSLATION_AND_PARATEXTS.pdf

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6. Lathey Gillian, The Role of Translators in Children‟s Literature,
9780415989527_extract.pdf
7. Laxen´ Jannika and Lavaur Jean N -Marc, The role of semantics in translation
recognition: effects of number of translations, dominance of translations and
semantic relatedness of multiple translations LavaurBLC.pdf
8. Linda Hutch eon, A Theory of Adaptation. New York and London: Routledge, 2006.
xviii + 232 pp. ISBN (hardcover) 0 -415-96794 -5. ISBN (paperback) 0 -415-96795 -3.
9. Aba-Carina Pârlog Intersemiotic Translation, Literary and Linguistic Multimodality,
Palgrave, Macmillan ISBN 978-3-030-16766 -0 (eBook)
10. Sembiring Anugrah, An Analytical Study on Students‘ Difficulties In Translating
Poetry An_Analytical_Study _on_Students_Difficul.pdf
11. The Politics of Adaptation Media Convergence and Ideology Edited by Dan Hassler -
Forest University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Pascal Nicklas University
Medical Center Mainz, Germany
https://danhf.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/prefatory -matter -from -the-politics -of-
adaptation.pdf

Syllabus Prepared by
Dr. Bhagyashree S. Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Department of English University
of Mumbai, Mumbai.
Mrinalini Chavan Assistant Professor Department of English, DES's Kirti
M. Doongursee College, Mumbai
Dr. Sangita Kongre Assistant Professor Department of English, M. D.
College, Mumbai
Arjun Kharat Assist. Professor and Head, Department of English,
Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga, Mumbai
Dr. Urmila Dabir Chairperson, Board of Studies, RTM Nagpur University,
Nagpur, Maharashtra.

************************

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96



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -I
Translation and Cultural Studies

Semester III

Paper - IX- (B)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academi c year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 103

97

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS302
iii. Course Title Translation and Cultural Studies
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in th e Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part Two
Title of the Course: Translation and Cultural Studies
Preamble:
The relevance of translation is multifaceted and multidimensional in cultural studies. It is
significant in the global perspectiv e of socio -cultural connectivity between nations.
Translation bridges the gap of cultural diversity in a way that theory of cultural translation is
considered a paramount element in the age of globalisation. Accordingly, modern translation
studies focus on communicative practices on the ideological significance of translating and of
translations, on the external politics of translation, on the association between translation and
socio -cultural factors. In other words, there is a general recognition of compl exity in
phenomenon of translation, an increased concentration on social causation and a focus on
effects with internal structures. The object of research of translation studies is thus not
language(s), as traditionally seen, but human activity in differen t cultural contexts. Cultural
studies in the spread of translation, translates and is being translated. This course, therefore,
relates these various ongoing cultural, linguistic and institutional translation processes to
political and ethical issues of in ternationalisation and globalisation.

Objectives
 To acquaint the learners with the relevance of culture in Translation Studies
 To familiarize the learners with the diverse approaches, concepts and theoretical
legacies in the interdisciplinary field of C ultural Studies
 To study culture in the light of translation studies articulating the relations exploring
cultural diversity and socio -cultural changes at the local, national and global level
 To analyze and explain major theories that both influenced and c ame out of cultural
studies and its approach to Translation Studies.
Outcomes
 The learners will be able to relate the theories of cultural studies in the light of
translation
 The students will be able to recognize and describe a range of methods and
method ologies in cultural studies in the context of translation
 The learners will gain confidence in making, describing, defending and practicing
one‘s own research choices in the context of translation studies
 The learners will be able to distinguish key approa ches in the context of translation
studies

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Semester III
Title of the paper: Translation and Cultural Studies
Elective Course –I ( IX- (B) ) Total Credits: 6
Credits

Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Important Terms and Concepts 15 lectures
 Translation as agency of culture in enlightening scholarships, academia a nd
interdisciplinary , the translator as an intercultural expert, culture -oriented translation,
culture and audio -visual translation, cultural references, inter -textual references, inter -
cultural trainings in the context of translation studies, translation and globalisation,
untranslatability, theories of cultural translations, Ethnic languages and cultural
equivalence in transformation of multilingual humanity, problems of culture -bound
vocabulary
 Sociology of language and translation, hegemony, ideology, p ower and politics of
translation, cultural translation and scepticism towards translating culture, translation
as cultural politics / textual politics, the linguistic diglossia and interrelationship of
literary systems, poly -system theory, nation -building through cultural translation and
heterogeneous cultural ethnicities, linguistic polarization and translation, intervention
of alien culture in native culture, cognition and domestication, localization and
cultural borrowings, lexical competence and
Unit I I Translation as Narration of Cultural Lives (Any One) 15 lectures
 Bachchan Harivansh Rai, In the Afternoon of Time : An Autobiography, translated by
Rupert Snell, Penguin Books India, 2001
 Selected Stories form A Thousand Yearnings – A book of Urdu Poetry and Prose,
translated and introduced by Ralph Russell, edited by Marion Molteno, (Seven
Stories, from page 1 to 81 in the book, translated from Hin di and Urdu writers, Prem
Chand, Ismat Chugtai, Rashid Jahan, Krishan Chandar, Sadat Hasan Manto and
Shaukat Thanavi) Speaking Tiger, 2017
Unit III Translation as Cultural Transplantation in Films (Any One) 15 lectures
 You ask I tell, English translation of Sangtye Aika , Hansa Wadkar, Film – Bhumika
 Vikas Swarup, Q and A , Film – Slumdog Millionaire
Unit IV Translation as Representation of Culture

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(Either Poems or Drama) 15 lectures
 Three Poems of U. R. Anantmurthy – Janus, the Wrinkle on Granspa ‘s Shoulder, it‘s
raining again on www.poemhunter.com ,
 V. V. Shirwadkar, Sir, translated in English and Hindi from Marathi
 https://mydesirelines.tumblr.com/post/45260022559/kavita -poem -one-of-the-best-
poem -by-my, and Void – a poem of Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh translated by Will
Steadman, https://will stedman.bandcamp.com/album/the -void
 Poems of Kamala Das, translated by herself from Malayalam, ( select any five )
https://www.poemhunter.com/i/ebooks/pdf/kamala_das_2012_4.pdf
 Ajmer Aulakh, The Waters of Chenab, translated from Punjabi by Swaraj Raj and
Paramjeetsingh Ramana, Punjabi Academy, 2014

Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the topic
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignment/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) 20 Marks

Semester III End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

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101
References
 James Kate, Cultural Implications for Translation
https://translationjournal.net/journal/22delight.htm
 Ramakrishna Shantha, Cultural Transmission through Translation: An Indian
Perspective
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctt1ckpcz7.7.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aaa0bee3f7
bb013429300830c8befe3fb
 Katan David, Cultural Approaches to Translation
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0293
 Shirinzadeha, Alireza and Sepora Tengku Mahadib, on Translators as Cultural
Mediators in Transmitting Cultural Differences , pdfsci encedirect.com
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/277811/1 -s2.0-S1877042815X00462/1
 OUKAB CHAHROUR , Cultural Problems in Translation
https://translationjournal.net/July -2018/cultural -problems -in-translation.html
 YANG Lihua, Treatment of Cultural Differences in Translation
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236302711.pdf
 Engblom Philip, MARATHI POETRY IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/408 74024.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A99b05986ebc2
6c4acc6ec7bf5f224860
 Kyle Conway, Cultural Translation: Two Modes
https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ttr/2013 -v26-n1-ttr02584/ 1036948ar.pdf

Topics for Internal Assignment and Presentation: Students can choose any two tasks
from the following list -
1. Translate a short passage from any self -narrative story, novel or play in Marathi or
Hindi language to English and bring out the c ultural sense of it
2. Translate a short passage from any non -literary text of your choice in English to
Marathi or Hindi and write a note on its cultural element.
3. Translate a short cultural column, or news feature from Marathi or Hindi newspaper to
English and write about the difficulties you faced.
4. Translate a review of any Indian film in Hindi or Marathi to English and comment on
the experience of translating that.

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5. Translate a short poem, doha, lyric or song from the Marathi or Hindi to English and
write o n the cultural reflection in that.
6. Translate a passage from a novel or play and write on the cultural imagery in that
activity.
7. Translate a scene from any popular classic and discuss the cultural conflict in it
8. Translate a passage from any religious text in and write a detailed note on its cultural
value
9. Make a comparison of South Indian and North Indian cultural features by selecting any
two or more texts translated from the respective regions
10. Make a list of cultural terminology that cannot be translated a nd suggest possible
solutions
11. Make a list of humorous anecdotes and translate some cultural phrases from those
commenting upon their relevance
12. Make a list of cultural proverbs and comment on their semantic value
13. Make a list of translated idioms and prove rbs and bring out their cultural significance
Recommended Reading
1. Baker, Mona Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies, London: Routledge .1998
2. Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice . 4th Ed. New Delhi: Sage
Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2012
3. Bassnett, S. Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 1991
4. Bassnett, S. and Lefevere, A. Translation, History and Culture. New York: Pinter,
1990
5. Danial Shaw, The Translation Context: Cultural Factors in Translation,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07374836.1987.10523398?journalCode
=utrv20
6. Hogan Patrick Colm, Understanding Indian Movies: Culture, Cognition, and
Cinematic Imagination https://www.questia.com/library/118137782/understanding -
indian -movies -culture -cognition
7. Lotman, J., Uspensky, B. 1978. "On the Semiotic Mechanism of Cultu re," New
Literary History
8. Kyle Conway, Cultural Translation
https://www.academia.edu/2379950/Cultural_Translation

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9. Robinson, D. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained. Ma nchester:
St Jerome, 1997
10. Sapir, E. 1956. Culture, Language and Personality . Los Angeles: University of
California Press
11. Stockinger, P. Semiotics of Cultures. Culture, Language and Translation. Paris:
ESCoM, 2003
12. Williams, Jenny, Andrew Chesterman The Map : A Beginners guide to doing Research
in Translation Studies, Routledge.2002.

Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr Dattaguru Joshi
(Convener) Associate Professor & Head, Department of English, Gogate
Walke College, Banda
Dr Arjun Kharat Head, Department of English, Ramnarain Ruia College,
Mumbai
Dattatraya Kamble Assistant Professor, Department of English, Gogate Joglekar
College, Ratnagiri
Prerna Jatav Head, Department of English, R D National College,Mumbai
Dr Sambhaji Bhambar Chairperson, BoS in English, Shiv aji University, Kolhapur
Dr Kamlakar Gavane PG Department of English, Maharashtra Udayagiri
Mahavidyalaya, Udgir, Dist: Latur, Maharashtra.


****************************************

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104



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -II

Translation Politics

Semester III

Paper -X- (A)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021‐2022)

Page 111

105


1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit S ystem
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS303
iii. Course Title Translation Politics
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the cop y of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

Page 112

106
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Preamble
The rising studies of translation in the disciplinary and inter -disciplinary academia create the
need of a program that should train students of translation from multiple perspec tives. People
who have been writing in their native languages have been widely and rapidly translated for
the sake of spread, articulation, representation, resistance and so on. Politics has been an area
that interfered with all human initiatives, directly or indirectly and translation also is
impacted by the same fact. The co -existence of translation and politics has been declared in
the title of this paper to make it more adjacently clear and comprehensive that translation
itself happens to be an politica l act in its very nature as the translator has his or her interest in
the target language or the source language and the very desire to translate is nourished by
such an interest, which apparently may look personal but in its making it is politically
groun ded in the language, nationality, gender, religion, class or caste and all such factors that
contribute to the making of the translator‘s mind and personality that will instrumentally
interpret the works he or she takes up for translation. Hence, politcs a bout translation, of the
translator, the translation of political works, or politically authored or politically translated
works, literary and non -literary have all been the concerns of this paper in the context of
studying translation studies.
Objectives
 To make the students understand how Translation Studies can also be described as an
inter-disciplinary intersectional area of study which underlines various aspects the
diverse fields like culture and society, race and ethnicity, class and gender studies
 To acquaint the students with the issues that germinate from political grounds of
nationality, religion, caste and minority representations in diverse cultures and
languages
 To make the learners conscious of language ambiguities and the use of language in
politics, political translation and translator‘s politics
 To enable them to observe the genuine or vested interest of the translator in the act of
translation and to judge the translated texts or documents as political or professional
act

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 To make the stud ents aware of how language can be molded, twisted or re -constructed
through translation with or without any political purpose

Outcome of the Course
 The students will understand how Translation Studies can also be described as an
inter-disciplinary inters ectional area of study which underlines various aspects the
diverse fields like culture and society, race and ethnicity, class and gender studies
 The students will be able to observe and deal objectively with the issues that
germinate from political ground s of nationality, religion, caste and minority
representations in diverse cultures and languages
 The learners will be conscious of language ambiguities and the use of language in
politics, political translation and translator‘s politics
 They will be able t o observe the genuine or vested interest of the translator in the act
of translation and to judge the translated texts or documents as political or
professional act
 They will be aware of how language can be molded, twisted or re -constructed through
transla tion with or without any political purpose

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Semester: III
Title of the Course: Translation Politics
Elective Course –II ( Paper No.: X (A) ) Total Credits 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Translation as a Political Act
 Translator's subjective interference with the semantics of what he is translating, the
absence of integrity with the t ext, the political consciousness of reader -response and
the ambiguity of translator‘s intentional language, the cultural and socio -ethical and
psychological failure of translator to overcome the sense of 'otherness' , fundamentalist
outlook on caste, gender , religion, nationality and ethnicity and so on
 Politics of interpretation: Translator's vested interests or intentional politics to transfer
the source language text with either ethical or personal rigidity of ideas, politics of
intended articulation in S elf-translation by authors, pseudo -translation for publicity,
populist and opportunist translations, commodification and marketization of
children‘s literature in translation as political set up, translation politics and political
translations, language of the political translator and the translation of political
language and so on .
Unit II Caste -Gender Politics and Articulation in Translation
 The Prisons We Broke , Translated by Maya Pandit , Baby Kamble : Jina Amucha ,
in Marathi
 Shivaji Sawant‘s Mrityunjay (Marathi), translated by P Lal and Nandu Nopan, 1989
https://www.pdfdrive.com/ mrityunjaya -the-death -conqueror -d188502462.html

Unit III Trauma and Drama in Political Society (Students can choose to read any
one of the following)
 Vijay Tendulkar, Ghasiram Kotwal
http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/tendulkar -ghasiram.pdf
 Girish Karnad, Broken Images https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lekl132.pdf
 One Day in Ashada translated version o f Ashad ka ek din by Mohan Rakesh
https://www.amazon.com/One -Day-Ashadha -Ashadh -Din/dp/B003FCROMM

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Unit IV Personal and Political – Religion and Gender in Translation as Agen cy
(Any one part of the following three can be chosen by the students for
their study)
 On the term of exile , Hollywood Elegies , The Burning of the Books , - Poems of
Bertolt Brecht translated from German to English
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/54759/on -the-term-of-exile
https://www.poetryfoundat ion.org/poetrymagazine/poems/54758/hollywood -elegies
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/browse?contentId=24316
 Mountain Child by Nirmala Putul translated from Hindi to English and Avtar by
Dilip Jhaveri from Gujarati to English, To a Victoria n Man , I am happy to remain a
Butterfly, by Parveen Shakir translated from Urdu to English
https://www.poetrytranslation.org/poems/mountain -child
https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/poem/17105/auto/0/0/Dileep -
Jhaveri/Avatar/en/tile
https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/to -a-victorian -man/
https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/i -m-happy -to-remain -a-butterfly/
 Stench of Kerosene by Amrita Pritam translated from Punjabi,
https://passion4pearl.wordpress.com/2013/10/31/stench -of-kerosene -short -story -by-
amrita -pritam/
Film version - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2JWo15LfVc
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the text
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignme nt/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks

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Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 Minutes 20 Marks

Semester III End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
 Spivak, G. Ch. 1988. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. London. New York:
Routledge. ( Chapter 8)
 Baker Mona. 2007. Activist Communities of Translators and Interpreters. Paper
presented at Translation, Interpreting and Social Activism 1st International Forum.
Granada: University of Granada.
 Karve, Irawati. Yuganta: The End of an Epoch. Orient Longman, 1991.
https://archive.org/details/Yuganta -TheEndOfAnEpoch -
IrawatiKarve/page/n19/mode/2up
 Spivak, G. Ch. 2000. ―The Politics of Translation‖, in Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The
Translation Studies Reader. London. New York: Routledge.
 Translating Politics - Author(s): Samuel Chambers Source: Philosophy & Rhetoric ,
Vol. 49, No. 4, Special Issue: Speech in Revolt: Rancière, Rhetoric, Politics (2016), pp.
524-548 Published by: Penn State University Press Stable URL:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/philrhet.49.4.0524
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307507675_Gender_studies_and_translation_
studies_Translation_Studies_and_other_disciplines

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111
 Simon, Sherry. ―Gender and Translation‖,
http://www.jrank.org/literature/pages/7168/Gender -in-Translation.html
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the oth er for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
Students can choose to translate any of the following (from any Indian language to English or
the other way) and write an essay on that experiment -
1. A political text by some historical leader
2. A political document b y some activist
3. A political or Community report, news or column from newspaper
4. A circular or brochure of political agenda
5. A document on gender -issues or a speech by some gender activist
6. A political document by any orator of any movement
7. A document w ith political interpretation of history
8. A Language oriented issue in politics
9. A political comment on ethnicity / race / religion
10. A document or story, or passage on class, caste, or nationality
11. A drama, poem, film -review on minority -related issues
12. A reg ionally focused document, story, essay, film -review or column
Recommended Reading
 Bahri, D. (2003). Native intelligence: Aesthetics, politics, and postcolonial literature.
Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
 Bayart, J. F. (1996). The illusion o f cultural identity. London: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd
 Bertacco, S. (2014). Language and translation in postcolonial literatures. London:
Routledge
 Boase -Beier, J. (2011). A critical introduction to translation studies. New York, NY:
Continuum
 Crumbley, A. (2008) . The politics of translation: Authorship and authority in the writings
of Alfred the great (Unpublished graduate dissertation). University of North Texas,
Denton
 Crystal, D. (1995). Dictionary of linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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 Daniel, S. H . (2007). Reexamining Berkeley‘s philosophy. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press
 Emden, C. J. (2005). Nietzsche on language, consciousness, and the body. Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13556509.2000.10799054
 Trivedi, Harish and Susan Bassnett. Eds. ―Introduction‖, Post-Colonial Translation:
Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 1999.
 Manto, Sadat Hasan. Why I Write: Essays b y Saadat Hasan Manto. Edited and Translated
by Aakar Patel. Tranquebar Press, 2014.
 SPIVAK CHAKRAVORTY , Gayatri, 2004 [2000], ―The Politics of Translation‖, in Venuti,
Lawrence (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader , London & New York, Routledge,
p. 369-388.
 Nation, Language, and the Ethics of Translation, SANDRA BERMANN, MICHAEL
WOOD. SERIES EDITOR EMILY APTER, Series: Translation/Transnation, Copyright
Date: 2005, Edition: STU - Student edition, Published by: Princeton University Press.
Pages: 416.
Syllab us Prepared by
Dr. Bhagyashree S. Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Department of English ,
University of Mumbai, Mumbai.
Dr. Satyjeet Kosambi Head, Department of English, Sathaye College,
Mumbai.
Dr. Jyoti Mundhe Assistant Professor Department of English, DES's
Kirti M. Doongursee College, Mumbai
Prof, Sachin Ketkar Professor Department of English, The Maharaja
Sayajirao University of Baroda, Baroda, Gujarat.

*****************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -II

Aesthetics of Translation

Semester III

Paper -X (B)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021‐2022)

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114

1. Syllabus as per Choice B ased Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS304
iii. Course Title Aesthetics of Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Sylla bus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Aesthetics of Translation
Preamble
The significance of translation in the disciplinary and inter -disciplinary academia highlight
the use of vario us perspectives in studying the parallel texts. Aesthetic translation is one such
area of interest for the art and the artist. The use of aesthetic theorization and the
beautification methods of language and semantic or semiotic process makes translation a
blend of art and skill on one hand and the combo of technical discipline and philosophical
subject that can go beyond any disciplinary confinement. The co -existence of translation and
aesthetic vision fully creates the scope to nourish the language, ideas , images, metaphors and
symbols, rhetoric and poetic factors that contribute to the translator‘s literary and non -literary
context. This paper aims to familiarise students with the aesthetic theories to be made use of
in the act of translation. In the four units of this paper, students will get an insider‘s view of
the theoretical and practical aspects of translation. It will also enable the students a pragmatic
experiments and sort of training in translating texts or topics. This paper also intends to
prepare the learners for their future scope for multiple engagements in this kind of efficiency.
Objectives
 To introduce and familiarize students to the aesthetic theories to be used in translation
 To enable the students to produce an aesthetically rich anal ysis of the translated topics
or texts
 To equip the learners with confidence in the skills of using their aesthetic outlooks
 To make the students aware of how translation studies can also germinate the fertile
grounds of endless aesthetic ideologies like p atriotism, nationalism, cultural pride,
and the representations in diverse perspective and languages
 To make the students aware of how language can be molded, twisted or re -constructed
through aesthetic translation with beautification and transcreation as skills

Outcome
 The students will be introduced and familiarized to the aesthetic theories for
translation

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 They will be able to produce an aesthetically rich analysis of translated topics or texts
 They will be equipped with confidence in the skills of us ing their aesthetic outlooks
 They will be able to observe the aesthetic ideologies like like patriotism, nationalism,
cultural pride, and the representations in diverse perspective and languages
 They will be aware of how language can be molded, twisted or re-constructed through
aesthetic translation with beautification and transcreation as skills

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117

Semester: III
Title of the paper: Aesthetics of Translation
Elective Course –II (X (B)) Total Credits : 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Translation as a Process with Aesthetic Sense
(A is mandatory, and one from B or C can be chosen to study)
A. Translation as a process, syntactic and semantic elements in transfer of meaning and
language transmission, aesthetics sense and its impact in translation and transcreation,
aesthetic and rhetoric theories from source language and target language, aesthetic
types of translation –lexical, structural and metaphorical translation, translation of
idioms and proverbs with aesthetic understanding of layered meaning
B. Aestheticism as a movement, Romanticism and Parnassianism, Subjectivism a nd
Objectivism, Formalism and Emotionalism, Reading and Representation,
Functionalism and Expressionism, thought -flows like idealism and realism,
naturalism and surrealism, imagism and symbolism, structuralism and post -
structuralism
C. The ideologies of beaut y in Asian literature, the concepts in Orientalism, Nativism,
Rural Consciousness in Indian Context, Translation and Ecological Awareness in
Aesthetic Perspective, Rhetoric and Metrics to observe the devices of sound and
sense, style and semiotic devices, and Indian Schools of Rasa, Dhvani, Vakrokti, Riti,
Alamkara, Vakrokti and so on
Unit II Translation as a Process with Ideas from Thinkers (A is mandatory, and
one from B or C can be chosen to study)
A. Ideas of Aesthetic versus Didactic / Utilitarian / Po litical vision on art, language and
translation, application of the Art for Art‘s Sake as Aesthetic Approach to Translation,
Synesthesia and Ideasthesia as Perceptual Phenomena (from thinkers like Sri
Aurobindo Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, Danko Nikolic, Pr e-Raphaelite Brotherhood
poets)
B. Aesthetic as Erotic in Translation for Beautifying language and style, Intrinsic
motivation as creative impulse for translator, Bohemian approach to translation as

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aesthetic and autotelic perspective, and the ideas of Source -oriented and Target -
oriented translation (from Gideon Goury, https://www.modlingua.com/blogs/1341 -
gideon -toury -a-pioneer -of-descriptive -trans lation -studies.htm )
C. The structural and functional mode of aesthetic experience, aesthetic information
processing through cognition, emotion and dispositions, the processing of a narrative,
form and composition, and the components of aesthetic experience
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485814/
Unit III Aesthetic Appreciation of Translation as Product (A is mandatory, and
one from B or C can be chosen to study)
A. Poems of Meerabai, Classic Poetry Series, Poemhunter.com (choose any ten poems
from the given source) https://unclesuraj.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mirabai -
poems.pdf
B. Cocoon, (Kosla) Bhalachandra Nemade translated by Sudhakar Marathe, 1997
C. Flowers , Girish Karnad, Drama version directed by Roysten Abel and Performed by
Rajit Kapur 2006 onward
Unit IV Practice in Aesthetic Translation (A is mandatory, and one from B or C
can be chosen t o study)
A. Position and proposition of Theories in the Idiomatic and Humor related
Translation – Select any humorous episodes, jokes, proverbs or idioms and translate
from English to Indian language or the other way round
B. Deconstructionist approach to Tran slation – translate any translated work and
observe the process and the product (bilingual works can be selected from any genre,
nationality, region or language, including English)
C. Aesthetic translation as Cultural Translation – Solutions for untranslatabl e
Cultural Concepts and Zero Translatability, Bilingual and Trilingual practice in
translation and comparative reading of multiple texts as co -texts in target language or
translated versions

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119
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the text
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignment/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Mark s
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester III End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of tw o) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
 Translation, Aesthetics and Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329842454_Translation_Aesthetics_and_Comp
arative_Literature_in_an_Age_of_Globalization
 Pandey K. C., A Bird‘s Eye View of Indian Aesthetics
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/428248.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A6ad905f21d17d2853
744893cea1674e4
 Module 8, Indian tradition of translation http://eacharya.inflibnet.ac.in/data -
server/eacharya -documents/53e0c6cbe413016f234436f1_INFIEP_12/278/ET/12 -278-ET-
V1-S1__module__lecture_.pdf

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120
 Anita Raja, Translation as a Pr actice of Acceptance
https://www.asymptotejournal.com/criticism/anita -raja-translation -as-a-practice -of-
acceptance/
 Vijay Tendulkar‘s Play Th e Vu ltures in the light of Rasa
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260284892_Vijay_Te ndulkar's_Play_The_Vult
ures_in_the_Light_of_Rasa_Theory/link/02e7e5307af137c7c8000000/download
 Flowers – Rage theatre http://www.ragetheatre.co.in/production/flowers/
 Translation and / as Disconnection https://modernismmodernity.org/forums/translation -
disconnection
 Translating Translation – Deconstructionist Approach towards Translation
https://translationjournal.net/April -2016/translating -translation -deconstructionist -
approach -towards -translation.html
Topics for Internal Evaluatio n: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words)
Write an essay on the following topic in two languages including English (Any Two)
1. The use of Aesthetics with any critical perspective in Translation
2. Any translated work with Rasa Theory
3. Any translated work with Dhvani Theory
4. Any translated work with Alankara Theory
5. Any translated work with Vakrokti Theory
6. Any translated work with Riti Theory
7. Any translated work with Aucitya Theory
8. Any translated work with Anumana Theory
9. An Indian critic‘s views on translation with reference to the Indian scenario
10. Write a detailed note on any one of the Indian theories of translation
Recommended Reading
1. Aesthetic and rhetorical qualities of allusions and allegories in translation
http://www.translationsforprogress.org/links/show_news.php?nid=36
2. Aesthetic Experience and Judgment, Introduction to philosophy at lum enlearning.com
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd -pima -philosophy/chapter/8 -2-aesthetic -
experience -and-judgement/

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3. Ansari Md. Yusuf, Kar nad‘s Two Monologues: An Ananlysis of Flowers and Broken
Images
http://www.languageinindia.com/jan2018/ansarimonologueskarnad.pdf
4. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond
https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Descriptive_Translation_Studies_and_Beyo.
html?id=aNHENtMoqEIC&redir_esc=y
5. Guennadi E. M iram, Valentina V. Daineko, Lyubov A. Taranukha, Marina V.
Gryschenko Aleksandr M. Gon BASIC TRANSLATION
http://iir -mp.narod.ru/eng_files/basic.pdf
6. Hulme Harriet, Ethics and Aesthetics of Translat ion
https://ucldigitalpress.co.uk/Book/Article/70/94/5291/
7. Ketkar Sachin, ‗Marathi Literature in the 21st Century‘
https://www.academia.edu/11673456/MARATHI_LITERATURE_IN_THE_TWENT
Y_FIRST_CENTURY_AN_OVERVIEW
8. Lal Ded and Meerabai, a Feminist Perspective
http://data.conf erenceworld.in/NCCW/P01 -13.pdf
9. Panahbar Ehasan, Aesthetic Equivalence in the translation of Rubaiyat Khayyam ,
AESTHETIC R UBAIYAT KHAYYAM.pdf
10. Pratima Chaitanya, Conflict Between Erotic Love and Reigious Devotion in Girish
Karnad‘s Flowers
http://www.ijelr.in/3.1.16/153 -158%20PRATIMA%20CHAITANYA.pdf
11. Roy Nilanjana, Indian Writers in Translation
https://nilanjanaroy.com/2009/04/29/41 -indian -writers -in-translation/
12. Rute Paulino, Orientalism and the postcolonial: perspec tives on South Asia
13. Sharma T. R. N, Translating Literary Texts through Indian Poetics
11-Translating Literary Texts Through Indian Poetics.pdf
14. Sri Aurobindo, ―On Translating Kalidasa‖, ―On Translating the Bhagavad Gita‖, ―On
Translating the Upanishads‖, ―Freedom in Translation‖, ―Importance of Turn of
Language in Translation‖, ―Translation of Prose into Poetry‖ and ―Remarks on
Bengali Translations‖.
https://www.academia.edu/2242722/Orientalism_and_the_postcolonial_predicament _
perspectives_on_South_Asia .
https://www.aurobindo.ru/workings/sa/03/0028_e.htm

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15. Subhas Chandra Dasgupta, ―Rabindranath Tagore and Translation Studies‖, in
Translation Journal, October 201 8 Issue.
https://translationjournal.net/October -2018/rabindranath -tagore -and-translation -
studies.html
16. Translating Traces, Deconstruction and the P ractice of Translation
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6c9f/657f2c0b9ef41d50629c7cb110a1c099f3cc.pdf
17. Translation of Cosmetic Trademarks from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics
http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol05/03/19.pdf
Syllabus Prepared by
Dr. Bhagyashree S. Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Depa rtment of English , University of
Mumbai, Mumbai.
Dr. B. N. Wakchure Head, Department of English, Sonubhau Baswant College,
Shahapur, Maharashtra.
Dr. P. B. Patil Assistant Professor Department of English, DES's Kirti
M. Doongursee College, Mumbai
Dr. Savita Patil Head, Department of English, Elphinston College,
Mumbai.
Prof, Sachin Ketkar Professor, Department of English, The Maharaja Sayajirao
University of Baroda, Baroda, Gujarat.

***********************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -III

Translation in World Literature

Semester III

Paper -XI (A)



(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the acad emic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 130

124

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS305
iii. Course Title Translation and World Literature
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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125
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the paper: Translation in World Literature
Preamble to the Course
World literature being an all -inclusive discipline which is extremely relevant in today‘s
globalized world, translation studies becomes imperative for the learner, who should also be
familiar with literary works written and translated from different parts of the world.
The learner is required to explore the int ersection of translation and world literature vis -a-vis
the issues of multilingualism, multiculturalism, national literary traditions. The learner is also
required to open her/his mind to so far unheard voices of the minor masses, unheard
communities and e ven unpopular works generated throughout time, but more specially in
recent times. Mainstream literature can thus include the non -canonical sources and authors
from a multitude of languages can be given significant platforms and access to a world -wide
audience through translation, to which the learner in this program is exposed. This paper
intends to be a correlative coexisting course instead of purely informative for the learner.
Objectives
 To help the learner understand the need and importance of translat ion in World
Literature
 To sharpen reading, interpreting and analyzing skills of learners while studying
translations
 To compare different translations of the same text and study the outcome
 To familiarize students with literary works written and translate d from different parts
of the world
 To study how literary works are transformed by cultural transmission
 To introduce learners with literary and cultural notions around the world
 To explore literary works of minor masses, unheard nations, unpopular works, third
world countries etc. and considering the inclusion of the non -canonical into the canon
and mainstream literature

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Course Outcomes:
After successfully completing this paper, the learner will be able to

 Appreciate and analyze independently the narra tives of authors from minor and
unacknowledged communities
 Identify and discuss the ways world texts speak about and are influenced by history,
language, caste, economics, religion, gender, regional differences, sexuality and
culture and violence
 Analyze l iterary texts and recognize the limitations of such analysis, especially due to
the challenges reading non -western texts in an academic setting which is
predominantly western in outlook
 To know how the cultural transformation happens through transmission a nd
translation of multiple authorial texts and contexts
 Discuss multiple approaches to world texts, including those that illuminate how minor
communities and third world authors debate and understand their own literary
traditions
 Apply the challenges and w isdom gained in reading minor communities and third
world texts to other intercultural encounters in academics, business, politics etc.

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Semester: III
Title of the paper: Translation in World Literature
Elective III: Course: XI (A) Total Credits: 6

Total Lectures: 60
Unit I - Background Concepts
 Goethe‘s concept of world literature, translation and world literature, literature in
translation and impact of geography, tr anslation as writing for the world, elements
like ecology in World literature and Translation, East and West encounters in
Translation studies, language and nationality in world literature and translation,
contemporary scenario in world literature and tran slation, alternative networks of
circulation in world literature and translation, the untranslatable in world literature
and translation
 Nondominant practices and literary traditions in world literature and translation,
power relations in world literature and translation, Minor, peripheral and semi -
peripheral languages in world literature and translation, Minor versus mainstream
with figures, forms and genres (spoken word poetry, short stories, vignettes), minor
institutions and independent publishing in s ocial media and such created forums,
minor geographies, temporalities and histories in World literature and translation
Unit II – Translation and the Canons
 Jean Paul Sartre, No Exit
https://www.vanderbilt.edu/olli/class -materials/Jean -Paul_Sartre.pdf
 Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Death Constant Beyond Love , translated by Gregory Rabassa
and J.S. Bernstein.
https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/files/july_1973_ -_marquez_ -
_death_constant_beyond_love.pdf
 Tales of Transformation: English translation of Rabindranath Tagore‘s Chitrangada ,
Chandalika .

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Unit III – Tran slation and the Contemporary
 Isabel Allende, And of Clay We are Created , translated by Margaret Sayers Peden
https://www.mustangps.org/Downloads/and_of_clay_are_we_created.p df
 Kritika Pandey , The Great Indian Tee and Snakes https://granta.com/the -great -indian -
tee-and-snakes/
 Lesley Nneka Arimah, Skinned
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/565c3d39e4b027c789ba5b70/t/5cdc37b30d9297
fa8c39b06b/15 57936053724/Skinned_+By+Lesly+Nneka+Arimah.pdf
Unit IV
 Tsegaye Gebre Medhin, NILE http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~abie/Nile_Tsegaye.pdf
 Nguyễn Hoàng Quyên, Learning Late Letters https://poets.org/poem/learning -late-
letters
 Amineh Abou Kerech , Lament for Syria
https://arc.servite.wa.edu.au/analysis/amineh
 Two poems by Yang Lian http://jacketmagazine.com/16/nz -yang.html


Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):

Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1 One written assignment/research paper on the text suggested by
the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignment/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2 One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 Minutes. 20 Marks

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Semester III End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Questio n 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
 Cooppan Vilashini, World Litera ture and Global Theory: Comparative Literature for
the New Millenium , symploke .
 Translation across time
https://www.research gate.net/publication/310658273_Translation_across_time_in_Ea
st_and_West_encounters_an_overview
 Yanli HE Affiliation, Rethinking ―Minor Literature‖ and ―Small Literature‖ as
―Secondary Zone Literature‖
https://escholarship.org/content/qt6073c1c1/qt6073c1c1_noSplash_c3546924122fbc4
a6e35c0d12f8f2ebd.pdf?t=qarl7d
 Rituparna Ghosh‘s Chitrangada – The Crowning Wish --
https://www.hoichoi.tv/films/title/chitrangada -the-crowning -wish
 Alexandra Assis Rosa , Translation across time in East a nd West encounters: an
overvie
 Nicholas Harrison, World literature: What gets lost in translation?
 Stefan Helgesson, Translation and the Circuits of World Literature .
 Danielle Drori, Literary Fortresses: Translation and “World Literature ‖ in Y. H.
Bren ner's Beyond the Borders and ―From the World of Our Literature‖.

Recommended Readings
1. Damrosch, D. (2003) What Is World Literature? Princeton: Princeton University
Press. Google Scholar

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2. Fock, H., M. de Haan and A. Lhotová (2008) Comparative Income of Literary
Translators in Europe , Brussels: CEATL. Google Scholar
3. Wolf, M. and A. Fukari (eds) (2007) Constructing a Sociology of Translation .
Ams terdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar
4. Ganguli Sonali, An Overview of the World Literature: Theories and Models .
5. Lopez Alexandra, Notes on World Literature and Translation, From Tradition to
Transgression and Back? A New Visibility: On Culture, Translation and Cognition
6. David Damrosch, How to Read World Literature .
7. Hendrik Birus, The Goethean Concept of World Lite rature and Comparative
Literature ,
8. Supriya Chaudhuri, Translation and World Literature .
9. Brenda H.M.Yoshioka, World Literature and Translation Studies.
10. Kathleen Shields, Challenges and Possibilities of World Literature, Global Literature
and Translation .
11. Qingben Li (Beijing Language and Culture University) and Jinghua Guo (Inner
Mongolia University of Technology), Translation, Cross -cultural Interpretation, and
World Literatures , ISSN 1481 -4374 Purdue University Press ©Purdue University
Volume 15 (2013) I ssue 6 Article 5
12. Martin Kern, Ends and Beginnings of World Literature s.
13. CHITRANGADA - Nritya Natya written by Rabindranath Thakur Singers : Roma
Mondal, Pramita Mullick,Subhamita,Debojit,& various singers video: MEDHA
Label: Raga Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xD8ne4NgPv0
14. https://doi.org/10.2979/prooftexts.36.1 -2.08
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/prooftexts.36.1 -2.08

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Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr Nandita Roy
(Convener) Principal, Gurukul College of Commerce, Ghatkopar, Mumbai
Dr Shashikant
Mhalunkar Assistant Professor, Department of English, BNN Colle ge,
Bhiwandi
Dr Rajesh Yeole Head, Department of English, Changu Kana Thakur College,
Panvel
Dr Sheetalkumar
Gaikawad Assistant Professor, Department of English, Elphinstone College,
Mumbai
Prof Rashmi Attri Professor, Department of English, Aligarh Mu slim University

**************************

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132




UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course - III
Comparative Studies and Translation

Semester III

Paper -XI (B)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect f rom the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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133
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS306
iii. Course Title Comparative Studies and Translation
iv. Semester wis e Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Comparative Studies and Translation

Preamble
Literature, art, culture, and ideas do not develop in isolation but draw upon, for example,
other works of art, historical movements, political views, religious beliefs, and cultural
concepts from near and far. Since Comparative Literature is dedica ted to the examination of
literature and other texts from an international perspective, an understanding of the processes
and theories of translation is in many ways at its very heart. The study of Comparative
Literature explores this process of cross -cultural and cross -disciplinary translation as well as
the interlingual translation that makes such examinations possible. While Comparative
Literature encourages the study of texts in their original languages, most researchers and
students of Comparative Lite rature rely upon translated texts for at least some portion of their
scholarly inquiry. Comparative Literature, thus examines translation as an interpretive act
central to the history and practice of literary study. Hence any learners who read more than
one language fluently and are interested in comparative study of Literature, should consider
the possibility of incorporating this elective within their coursework.
Objectives of the Course:
 To acquaint the learners with the concept and background of Compara tive Literature
 To acquaint the learners with translation as an interpretive act central to the practice
of literary study
 To enable the learners to interpret literary texts and also compare texts from a variety
of different genres, traditions and periods.
 To help the learners understand the role of translation in the production of text and
cultural meaning.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, the learners will be:
 Acquainted with the concept and background of Comparative Literature.

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 Acquainted with translation as an interpretive act central to the practice of literary
study.
 Able to interpret literary texts and also compare texts from a variety of different
genres, traditions and periods.
 Able to understand the role of translation in the production of text and cultural
meaning

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136
Semester III
Title of the Course: Comparative Studies and Translation
Elective Course –III Paper XI (B) Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Key-concepts and Terms
 Source Language Text and perspectives on that, Target Language Text with multiple
perspectives, translation and transcreation, understanding comparative studies as
different from comparative literature and comparative criticism and relating thes e to
translation as a discipline and as a method
 Comparative analysis of source text and target text by applying various approaches and
theories of criticism, knowing about the possibilities of inter -disciplinary and cross -
disciplinary interpretations of t he parallel texts of the same authors, comparison as the
method and comparative analysis as the methodology of perceptions, interpretations,
research and innovations.
Unit II Understanding the Translation in Comparative Context (Any One)
 Bhisham Sahni, Tamas and Pritam Amrita Pinjar
 Bama: Karukku translated by Lakshmi Holmstrom and I Want to Get Ruined (Mala
Udhvasta Whaychay ) by Mallika Amar Shaikh
Unit III Understanding and Applying the Theory as method (Any Two)
 ―Role of Translation in Comparative L iterature‖ by Surjeet Singh Warwal
http://sarhadepatrika.com/articles/surjeet -singh -warwal -171-173-Jan-March -2016.pdf
 ―Who or What is compared? The Concept o f Comparative Literature and the
Theoretical Problems of Translation‖ by Jacques Derrida and Eric Prenowit
https ://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4313384/mod_resource/content/0/DERRIDA_
Who_or_What_is_compared_Concept_of_CompLit.pdf
 Comparative Literature: Matter and Method by Aldridge, A. Owen
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40467885.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A9eb1f1100b8ce3
e9874e5aced4b5035e

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137
Unit IV Application and Practice of Research as Comparative Analysis (Any
Two)
 Rubaiyat - Omar Khayyam an d the House of Wine , (Madhushala ) Harivanshrai
Bachchan http://classics.mit.edu/Khayyam/rubaiyat.html
 Poems of Ghalib, Classic Poetry Series, 2012 Poemhunter.com
https://www.poemhunter.com/i/ebooks/pdf/mirza_ghalib_2012_4.pdf
 A Sonnet in Three languages - http:/ /www.urduchannel.in/wp -
content/uploads/2020/12/After -You-sonet -by-obaid -azam -azmi.pdf
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the text
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignment/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minu tes 20 Marks

Semester III End Examination
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
 Comparative Studies in Indian Literature
http://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/39670/1/Unit -3.pdf

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138
 Gill, Mini, Amrita Pritam: Voice of Defiance
https://archive.org/d etails/3.IJELDEC20173/page/n3/mode/2up
 Tamas by Bhisham Sahni https://archive.org/details/Tamas -English -
BhishamSahni/page/n13/mode/2up
 Choudhuri, Indra Nath, The Jou rney of Comparative Literature ,
http://clai.in/10Indranath%20Chaudhuri.pdf
 Cătălin Constantinescu , The Role of Translations in Comparative Literature: Conjectures
and Solutions http://www.fjrs.eu/wp -content/uploads/2018/10/Constantinescu.pdf
 Nuran KI R , The Effect of Translation Stu dies on Comparative Literature
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article -file/319366
 Poetry of India in Translation http://indianpoetrytranslations.blogspot.com/
 Poets Translating Poets, South Asian Poetry 1947 -2000
http://www.goethe.de/ins/in/lp/prj/ptp/dic/enindex.htm
Recommended Reading

1. Anilkumar Sunitha, Translation in Comparative Literature
https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr -jhss/papers/Conf.TS/Volume -1/12.%2032 -33.pdf
2. Bachchan Harivanshrai Madhushala Original Text in Hindi
http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0
%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_/_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF
%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF
_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8
3. Brow n Catherine, what is Comparative Literature ?
https://catherinebrown.org/wordpress/wp -content/uploads/2014/03/What -is-
_Comparative_ -Literatu re_.pdf
4. Buzarboruah Pallavi Deka, Comparative Indian Literature: an approach to a School,
http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v3(10)/Version -1/L03101054064.pdf
5. Cesar Dpmonguez, Haun S aussy, Introducing Comparative Literature – New Trends and
Applications
https://www.academia.edu/9824553/Introducing_Comparative_Literature_New_ Trends_a
nd_Applications

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6. César Domínguez Comparative Literature and Translation: A Cross -Cultural and
Interdisciplinary Perspective
7. Elmas Sahin, On Comparative Literature , November 2015,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283910640_On_Comparative_Literature
8. Foster John Burt, Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction , The Comparatist,
Univ. of North Carolina Press, Vol 20, May 1996
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, IJTSRD,
https://www.academia.edu/35944447/Understanding_Comparative_Literature
10. Lefevere André, Translation and Comparati ve Literature: The Search for the Center
https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ttr/1991 -v4-n1-ttr1474/037086ar.pdf
11. Sangia Rohib Adrianto, Comparative Literature: An Overview,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327978009_Comparative_Literature_An_Overv
iew
12. Warwal Surjit Sing, Role of Translation in Comparative Studies
https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/volume8 -2/paper_3.pdf

Syllabus Prepared by
Dr Shrikant Sawant
(Convener) Principal, Patkar -Varde College, Mumbai
Deepti Mujumdar Assistant Profess or & Head, Department of English, Patkar -
Varde College, Mumbai
Dr Suja Roy Abrahams Department of English, Joshi Bedekar College, Thane
Dr Preeti Oza Department of English, St Andrews College, Mumbai
Prof Rajabhau
Munghate Principal, Shri. Govindrav Mun ghate Art, Commerce College,
Kurkheda Dist - Chandrapur , Maharashtra

*********************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part I

Elective Course -IV
Colonial and Postcolonial Context of Translation Studies

Semester III

Paper -XII (A)


(Choice Ba sed Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 147

141

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS307
iii. Cour se Title Colonial and Postcolonial Context of
Translation Studies
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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142
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Ex amination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Colonial and Postcolonial Context of Translation Studies
Preamble to the Course
This course is designed for ground -breaking analysis of the cultural trajectory of colonial
rule, which constitutes a major contribution to postcolonial studies, offering a template
relevant to cultures emerging from colonialism. At the same time, course in translation
studies become the means of interrogating contemporary theories of translation. Moving
authoritatively between literary th eory and linguistics, philosophy and cultural studies,
anthropology and systems theory, the course provides a model for a much needed integrated
approach to translation theory and practice. The modules designed will allow the learner to
scrutinize the vari ous research methods available in understanding the colonial and post -
colonial context in translation. The course consists of four units and each unit introduces the
various dimensions of translation studies in the colonial context to post -colonial context by
introducing the basic concepts involved in the study, the traditions of translation in the
colonial world to the approaches of studies to the issues and challenges involved in the
translation. Thus, the basic framework of this course will provide bird‘ s eye view of the
translation studies from postcolonial point of view.
Objectives of the Course:
 To introduce the learner to the idea of colonialism and post colonialism in the context
of translation
 To introduce the learner to the various translation t raditions in the native country
 To acquaint the learner to the various theories that guides the study of translation in
the context of colonial and post -colonial literature
 To enable the reader to comprehend the language of post -colonial writers and the
challenges in translation
 To introduce the reader the ethnicity of colonial and post -colonial language and the
strategies involved in the translation
 To introduce the learner to the emergence of post -colonial theory as a discipline in
translation

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Cours e Learning Outcomes:
The learner will be able to comprehend the following points on successful completion of this
course:
 The learner will be able to define the colonial and post -colonial approach in the study
of translation
 The learner will be able exam ine and enumerate the various strategies involved the
translation from colonial and post -colonial approach
 The learner will be able to differentiate between the main stream theories of
translation studies and the post -colonial theories of translation studi es.
 The learner will be able to apply the knowledge to the investigations of literary and
non-literary translation of the post -colonial texts
 The learner will be able to determine the possible challenges that emerges on account
of translation of colonia l and post -colonial texts
 The learner will be able to categorise the application of various approaches to the
study of translation in the context of colonial and post -colonialism.
 The learner will be able to evaluate the translation of the colonial and pos t-colonial
text.
 Learners will be able to integrate knowledge of this approach to formulate new
dimension in the study of translation as a discipline.

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Semester: III
Title of the paper: Colonial and Postcolonial Context of Translation Studies
Elective Course –IV ( XII (A) ) Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I: Concept of Colonial and Post -Colonial context in Translation 15
Introduction to the concept of Colonialism and Post -Colonialism, Tradition of
Translation in India, Co ncepts: Nationalism, Post -Colonial Theorists, Genesis,
Orientalism, Third World Criticism and Occidentalism, Introduction of English in
India and the emergence of Translation, Ethnic Languages and Untranslatability,
Colonial and Post -Colonial Transformatio n in Literary Translation and Linguistic
Culture

Unit II: Translation in Colonial and Post -colonial Context -I 15
Translation as a writing, reading, criticism discipline, Post -Structural Linguistic
Discourse and Translation, Concept of Source and Target Readers of Colonial and
Post-Colonial Translation, Influence of Eurocentric thoughts in Language and
Linguistic Hegemony and Translation, Translation by bilingual Authors, Writings of
Diaspora and Translation

Unit III: Translation in Colonial and Post -colonial Context -II 15
Translation as an Activity in Multilingual Society in India, Rhetoric Usage in
Translation, Ideologies and Politics in Translation, Translation and Popular Culture in
Post-Colonial Context, Concept of Transcription, Trans -creation a nd Hybridity in
Post-Colonial Translation, Linguistic Negotiations in Post -Colonial Translation and
Comparative Approach to Post -Colonial Translation

Unit IV: Translation in Colonial and Post -colonial Context -III 15
Translation as a Discipline in India n Sub -Continent Context, Translation and
Indigenous Politics, Issues in Post -Colonial Translation, Concept of Subaltern and

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145
Marginalised in the Translation of Texts in Indian Sub -Continent Context, Feminism
in Post -Colonial Translation Context, Translation of Literature of Indian Partition

Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the text suggested by
the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignme nt/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test based on the syllabus. 10 Marks

Assignment /Project Topics for Reference :
1. Compare and contrast works of an y one bilingual author in about 2000 words.
2. Trace the history of translation with respect to Sanskrit plays and their rendering into
English by Orientalists.
3. Analysis of Partition literature especially Saadat Hasan Manto and Bhishm Sahni.
4. What is lost in t ranslation in Rhetoric Usage? Examine text to film translations.
5. Translate a stanza of any poem or song from the Marathi or Hindi to English and
bring out Linguistic Negotiations during the process.
6. Examine the dialogues of a south Indian movie dubbed int o Hindi from the context of
untranslatability.
7. Compare critical texts like Poetics with Natyashastra to show the basic similarities
between two.
8. Translate a dialogue from any TV serial in Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati or any Indian
language to English and dis cuss that activity.
9. Translate a paragraph from any Marathi or Hindi document of bank, post office or any
corporate office to English and write on the issues faced in that activity.
10. Translate a legal document or any page of instructions or rules from any In dian
language to English.

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11. Translate a paragraph from any Marathi or Hindi document of bank, post office or any
corporate office to English.
12. Translate the list of instructions from any language flashed on the manuals,
pamphlets, advertisement papers or broc hures to explain transcreation.
13. Translate a scene from any Marathi or Hindi Movie to English in context of
transcription.
14. Compare a postcolonial translated text by a woman author with a woman authored
canonical text.
15. Attempt a Translation of a comic strip like Amar Chitra Katha to show popular
culture loses its stylistic complexity and merely foregrounds emotions.

Semester End Examination: 60 Marks
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration: 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
 Robert, J. C. 2003 Post Colonialism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford
 Said, Edward.1978 Orientalism, Routledge, New York
 Dasgupta, Alokeranjan (ed.): Problems of translation from S. Asian languages, S.
Asia Institute, Heidelberg University, 1983 (Vol 7, 1978, S. Asian Digest of Regional
Writing).
 Mukherjee, Sujit: Translation as Discovery: Indian Literature in Translation, Allied
Publishers, Delhi, 1981.
 Niranjana , T. 1992 Siting Translation : History, Post Structurali sm and the Colonial
Context, University of California Press.
 Harish Trivedi. (Ed) 2000 Post Colonial Translation: Theory and Practice, London :
Routledge

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147
 Spivak, G C. 1999 A Critique of postcolonial reason: Toward a History of the
Vanishing Present, Harwar d University press, Cambridge
 Trivedi, Harish. 1995 Colonial Transactions, English Literature and India Manchester
University Press
Recommended Reading :
1. ‗O Ngngi Wwa Thong. 1986 Decolonising the Mind : The Politics of Language in
African Literature, London
2. Ashroft B giriffits, Tiffin H 1995 The Post -Colonial Studies Reader, London:
Routledge
3. Bhabha Homi 1990 Location of Culture , London: Routledge
4. Gandhi, Leela 1999 Post Colonial Theory: An introduction , London; OUP
5. Harish Trivedi. (Ed) 2000 Post Colonial Translation : Theory and Practice, London :
Routledge
6. Madson L Deborah 1999 Post Colonial Literatures: Expanding the canon, London :
Pluto
7. Niranjana , T. 1992 Siting Translation : History, Post Structuralism and the Colonial
Context, University of Californ ia Press
8. Robert, J C . 2003 Post Colonialism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford
9. Said, Edward .1993 Culture and Imperialism, Vintage, Newyork
10. Said, Edward.1978 Orientalism, Routledge, Newyork
11. Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. 1999 Decolonising Methodologies: Research a nd
indigeneous people , Zed Books limited, London
12. Spivak, G C, Donna Landry, Gerald MacLean (Ed) 1996 The Spivak Rreader:
Selected Works ,Newyork: London
13. Spivak, G C. 1999 A Critique of postcolonial reason: Toward a history of the
vanishing present , Harwa rd University press, Cambridge
14. Thaper , Romila. 1999 Sakunthala Texts, Readings, Histories, Kali for Woman New
Delhi
15. Trivedi Harish, Meenakshi Mukherjee. (Ed) 1996 Interrogating Post Colonialism:
Theory, Text and Context,IIAS Shimla.
16. Trivedi, Harish. 1993 Colonial Transactions, Newyork: Manchester
17. Trivedi, Harish. 1995 Colonial Transactions, English Literature and India
Manchester University Press

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18. Young Robert, J C 1995 , Colonial Desire , Hybridity in theory, culture and race,
London: Routledge
Web Resourc es:
1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282649586_Translation_The_Indian_T
radition
2. http://eacharya.inflibnet.ac.in/data -server/eacharya -
documents/53e0c6cbe413016f234436f1_INFIEP_12/277/ET/12 -277-ET-V1-
S1__module__lecture_.pdf
3. Phukan, Shibani;. " Towards and Indian Theory of Translation.".
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02690050308589864?needAccess=tr
ue
Syllabus Prepared by
Name Details
Dr Satyawan Hanegave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and Commerce
(Autonomous), Vidyavihar, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400077
Dr Yogesh Anvekar HoD English, G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai –
400019.
Dr Vitthal Parab Head, Department of English, K. M. Agrawal College Of
Arts, Commerce & Science, Kalyan (West) -421301.
Dr Pramod Kharate Asst.Professor & HOD, Department of English, VPM's
Joshi -Bedekar College of Arts and Commerce, Chendani
Road, Thane (W) 400601.
Prof Mukta Mahajan Professor and Head Department of English, Kavayitri
Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon, Maharashtra.

*****************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part I

Elective Course -IV

Translation Studies as a Discourse of Protest

Semester III

Pape r-XII (B)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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150


1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS308
iii. Course Title Translation Studies as a Discourse of
Protest
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syl labus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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M.A. English (Regular) Part II
100 Marks Paper Pattern
Course Title: Translation as a Discourse of Protest

Preamble

Protest inherently seems to be strongly linked with politics and political action but in
actuality the range of areas it covers and is used in vast and broad. Hegemonies and
resistance of it are the inevitable themes of protest which are reflect through various
narratives, writings and stories that we live in. The notion of framing, Mona Baker claims in
‗Reframing Conflict in Translation‘, allow s us ‗to see translational choices not merely as
local linguistic challenges but as contributing directly to the narratives that shape our social
world‘. Protest does not incentivise a revolution or change, but it does create space for
debates and discuss ions and may testify to there being what Edward Said called simply
‗something beyond the reach of dominating systems‘, something which limits power and
‗hobbles‘ it also through translation as resistance to finality. This course introduces students
to noti on of translation studies as a site of protest or aiding protest. Multiple theoretical issues
dimensions of such aspects of translation studies are offered in this paper to illustrate the
challenges of dealing with cultures and identities in all complexiti es.

Objectives
 To introduce learners to the basic concepts and theoretical developments in viewing
translation studies as a discourse of protest
 To understand the voices of protest through political / historical / cultural positions
 To develop new insight s to understand translation as protest in intercultural context
 To demonstrate the practical applications of theories, strategies and contexts of protest
 To orient students in knowing socio -cultural issues through translations in literature and
language

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Course Outcomes
Upon Completion of this Course, students will be able to:
 Learners shall become a Department at identifying the political and historical context of
protest
 Learners shall acquire knowledge of current theories through literature and other mu lti-
medium forms
 Learners will acquire understanding of different forms of protests.
 They will demonstrate the practical applications of theories and contexts of protest
 They will know socio -cultural issues through translations in literature and language

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Semester - III
Course Title: Translation as a Discourse of Protest
Paper - XII (B) Total Credits - 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Background te rms and concepts (15l Lectures)
 Narrating / re -narrating protest in intercultural contexts, Translating protest,
Translation -power -resistance, Empowerment and translation, Discursive
strategies of protest. Literatures of protest
 The discourse of protest, F rames of identity, intertextuality and translation,
Intercultural negotiation in representation of protest, Ethical and political
role of translation in protest, Mediating power of translation in protest, Role
of translation in social activism
Unit II Protest in Caste -based Marginalization (Any one)
 The Shroud , translation of the Hindi story by Premchand
Columbia.edu/itc/mealac/prichett/00urdu/kafan/translation_kafan.html
 Kamala / Kamla by Vijay Tendulkar (English Text and Hindi Film -1981,
1984) https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0296702/
 Corpse in the Well, translations from Modern Marathi Autobiographies
edited by Arjun Dangle
Unit III Protest in Gender -based Social Injustice (Any one)
 River of F ire, (Aag Ka Dariya) by Qurratulain Hyder, 2001
 A Doll‟s House, Henrik Ibsen, translated by Simon Stephens (Hindi – Gudiya
ka Ghar ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOuFocD10hU
 Deliverance A novell a written by Gauri Deshpande, translated by Shashi
Deshpande, 2010
Unit IV Protest as Quest for Freedom (Either Stories or Poems) 15 Lectures
 Short Stories
1. Lihaf , Ismat Chugtai translated as The Quilt by M. Asaduddin
http://www.manushi -
india.org/pdfs_issues/PDF%20file%20110/9.%20Short%20Story%20 -
%20Lihaaf%20%5BThe%20Quilt%5D.pdf
2. Ai Ladki , Krishna Sobti, translated from Hindi by Shivnath

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http://www.littlemag.com/2000/sobti.htm
 Poetry
1. ―La United Fruit Co.‖ by Pablo Neruda
http://dea n.faculty.writing.ucsb.edu/Upload501B -Fall06/PabloNeruda.pdf
2. ―When does it Start?‖ by Maraea Rakuraku
https://thespinoff.co.nz/books/09 -03-2018/the -friday -poem -when -does- it-
start-in-english -and-te-reo-by-maraea -rakuraku/
3. ―I have found my Guru‖ by Mirabhai https://www.poemhunter.com/ poem/i -
have -found -my-guru/

Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1  One written assignment/research paper on the topic
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
 Presentation on the written assignment/researc h paper
 Viva voce based on the written assignment/research
paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 marks
Total = 20 Marks
2  One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of
three questions) 20 Marks

Seme ster End Examination (60 Marks)
Semester End Examination
Duration: 2 :30 Hours 60
Marks
Unit 1 Short Notes on Unit – I ( three out of five) 15 Marks
Unit 2 Essay on Unit 2 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 3 Essay on Unit 3 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 4 Essay on Unit 4 (one out of two) 15 Marks

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155
Note: Students‘ answers must reveal sufficient knowledge of the historical, socio -cultural,
and literary (movement, school of thought, ism, genre etc.) backgro und of the age, prescribed
text as well as of the author.
References
 ‗Translating violent conflict‘ from The Translator by M. Inghilleri and S.A Harding
 ‗Intervention in Polit ical Discourse Translation: A Case Study‘ by Dr. Ali Jalalian
Daghigh
 On Dalit Writing and Untranslatability , by Prashant Ingole
 Many Notes, One Symphony , Understanding Pluralism by Kamla Bhasin, 2012
 Shovan Dhibar, Vijay Tendulkar's KAMALA : A Pathetic Picture of Women in Indian
Society
https://www.academia.edu/33127436/Vijay_Tendulkars_KAMALA_A_Pathetic_Pictur
e_of_Women_in_Indian_Societ y
 ‗The Discourse of Protest: Frames of identity, Intertextuality and Inter -discursivity‘ by
Selim Ben Said and Launga A. Kasanga
 ‗Framing of Protest‘ by Daniel Ciurel
 ‗Extending the frontiers of Indian Dalit Literature through Translation‘ by S. A. Khader

Topics for Internal Assignment / Seminar Presentation (as instructed / approved by the
concerned teacher) and wherever the students carry out translation work as assignment, they
also need to comment on their act of translating the piece (2000 words mini mum)
1. Attempt a comparative study of translated feminist works
2. Attempt a comparative study of translation of political news on protest
3. Attempt a comparative study of translation of protest on social media
4. Translate a short story depicting protest from a s ource language into English
5. Translate a poem of protest from a source language into English
6. Translate a news article about political protest from a regional language into English
7. Translate a political protest news article in English into a target language
8. Translate any regional protest short story / poetry into another language
9. Translate feminist poems from English into any Indian target language
10. Summarize a bunch of stories from mythology revealing elements of Protest

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11. Translate any of the Bhakti poet‘s wo rk into English
12. Translate a radical thinker‘s essay of protest into English

Recommended Reading
1. Angelelli, Claudia and Baer, James Brian (eds). 2016. Researching Translation and
Interpreting. London: Routledge
2. Baker Mona, Translating Dissent, http://citizenmediaseries.org/wp -
content/uploads/2016/06/Translating -Dissent -Chapter -1-Baker.pdf
3. Camaerts B art, Social Media and Activism,
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62090/1/Social_media_and.pdf
4. Chaudhuri, Maitrayee. The Indian Women‟s Movement: Reform and Revival Radiant,
New Delhi1993
5. Guha, Ramchandra, Chipko: Social History of an Environ mental Movement, in Shah
Ghansyam Social Movements and the State , Sage, New Delhi, 2002
6. Pantuchowicz, Agnieszka. Protest and Dissent - ―Conflicting spaces in Translation and
Culture‖, and Anna Warso
7. Maria J. Stephan and Erica Chenoweth, Why civil Resistanc e Works, the Strategic
Logic of Non -violent Conflict
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3301_pp007 -
044_Stephan_ Chenoweth.pdf
8. Millan, Carmen and Bartrina, Francesca (eds). 2013. The Routledge Handbook of
Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge
9. Munday, Jeremy. 2016. Introducing Translation Studies. Theories and Applications.
Fourth edition. Abingdon/New York: Routledge
10. Niranjana, Tejaswini. ―Siting Translation, History, Post -Structuralism, and the Colonial
Context‖. Berkeley, University of California Press
11. Social Movements, https://ncert.nic.in/ncer ts/l/lesy208.pdf
12. Rege, Sharmila. 2004. ‗ Dalit Women Talk Differently: A Critique of „Difference‟ and
Towards a Dalit Feminist Standpoint Position‟ in Maitrayee Chaudhuri Ed. Feminism
in India, Women Unlimited/Kali. Delhi

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Syllabus Committee
Dr. Vidya Premkumar (Convener) Head of the Department, Foreign Languages,
Mithibai College (Autonomous)
Ms. Shanti Polamuri Head of the Department, English , Maharashtra
College
Dr. Raji Ramesh Head of the Department, English , S.K. Somaiya
College of Arts, Science and Commerce
Dr. Pramod Tulshiram Kharate Head of the Department, English , Joshi -Bedekar
College of Arts and Commerce .
Dr. Rajashri Barvekar Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shivaji
University, Kolhapur .
***************************

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158



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course V
Multiculturalism and Translation

Semester III

Paper -XIII (A)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 165

159
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS309
iii. Course Title Multiculturalism and Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Addition al References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per Univ ersity Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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160
MA Translation Studies Part One
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Multiculturalism and Translation
Preamble
The march of civilization is propelled by the imagi nation of ignited minds. Though every
race, society and culture are unique, it is diversity and pluralism that adds vigor and
dynamism to the ecosystem. The essence of multiculturalism and its practice creates a fertile
ground for the evolution of ideas en suring a symbiotic co -existence. In a globalized,
postmodern world, a multicultural approach promotes respect and dignity across race, class,
culture, gender and ethnicity. Translation is a sub set of multiculturalism. Hence, it is but
natural to have a tw inning of Multiculturalism with Translation Studies to develop an
awareness of one‘s own cultural values while simultaneously learning to value others‘ world
views. While multiculturalism features themes, characters and situations from all over the
world, this syllabus has mainly focused on the diversity within India. Learners wishing to
expand their horizons by making cultural connections would do well to select this elective. It
would empower them in the multilingual and multicultural landscape of India.
Objectives
 To introduce theories and concepts of multiculturalism and the role of translation
 To introduce various facets of multiculturalism through translated literary texts
 To acquaint learners with mythology through translated multicultural context
 To introduce multiculturalism as reflected in different media
Outcomes
 Students will be introduced to multicultural contexts in multiple translations
 Students will be introduced to multiculturalism through texts and its versions
 Students will know translati ons of epics and ancient texts in multicultural context
 Students will know different media and texts as means to understand multiculturalism

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Semester III
Title of the paper: Multiculturalism and Translation
Elective Paper -XIII (A) Total Credits 6

Total lectures 60
Unit I Back ground Concepts and Topics (15 lectures)
 Translation in Postcolonial and Post -structural era, multiculturalism and Postmodern
theory, Cultural heterogeneity and contesting cultural voices, mono -culturalism vs
multiculturalism, literary correspondence with cultural autonomy, hybridization and
representation, radical multiculturalism and historical multiculturalism
 Translation as transformation, translation as retrieval, translating Insights as
multicultural translator, cultural transposition, translator as cultural agent, translator as
mediator, translation and ideology, ethnicity and multiculturalism, interpretation and
multiculturalism, ideolog y and multiculturalism
Unit II Re-thinking Multiculturalism (any one) (15 lectures)
 Yuganta by Irawati Karve (1968)
https://gyanpedia.in/Portals/0/Toys%20from %20Trash/Resources/books/yuganta.pdf
 Partitions, English translation of Kamleshwar‘s Sahitya Akademi awarded Hindi novel
Kitne Pakistan, Penguin, 2006
 Evam Indrajit , Badal Sircar‘s three act play translated by Girish Karnad, Oxford, 1974
Unit III Repositi oning in Multicultural Adaptations (any one) (15 lectures)
 Text – Shakespeare‘s The Comedy of Errors Film versions – Angoor (1982) and Do
Duni Chaar (1968)
 Texts - Pygmalion: G.B. Shaw, Tee Phulrani: P.L. Deshpande, Film Versions - My Fair
Lady in Englis h (1964), Man Pasand in Hindi (1980), Tee Phulrani in Marathi (Drama
version directed by Rajesh Deshpande) and film directed by Amol Shetge (2019)
http://www.kkoworld.com /kitablar/Bernard_Shaw_Secilmis_eserler_eng.pdf
 Text – Shakespeare‘s King Lear , Natsamrat by V. V. Shirwadkar in Marathi Film
versions – Natasamrat by Mahesh Manjrekar (2016) Drama Versions –
Shakespeare‟cha Mhatara by Makarand Deshpande and Nothing like Lear by Rajat
Kapoor

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Unit IV Re-thinking by Multicultural Imagination (Any two) (15 lectures)
 The Mirror , translated from Sindhi by Pakistan Academy of Letters, Islamabad, Issue 1,
Vol. 17, 2014
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272173819_The_Mirror_Sindhi_Short_Story
_Translated_in_English
 A Letter, Empty Space, I ask Waris Shah Today, I will meet you Again, Poems of
Amrita Prita m translated from Punjabi
https://www.poemhunter.com/i/ebooks/pdf/amrita_pritam_2012_9.pdf
 The spirits of Shah Alam Camp , Asghar Wajahat, translated from the Hindi by
Rakhsha nda Jalil http://www.littlemag.com/bloodsport/asgharwajahat.html
Evaluation Pattern
Internal A ssessment ( 40 marks)
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1 One Written Assignment/Research paper on the topic
suggested/approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned below. 10 marks

10 marks
2 One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) D uration : 50 minutes 20 marks

Semester End Examination: (60 marks)
Semester End Examination (60 Marks)
Semester End Examination
Duration: 2 :30 Hours 60
Marks
Unit 1 Short Notes on Unit – I ( three out of five) 15 Marks
Unit 2 Essay on Unit 2 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 3 Essay on Unit 3 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 4 Essay on Unit 4 (one out of two) 15 Marks

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163
References
 Rochana Bajpa yi Multiculturalism In India
https://www.bu.edu/cura/files/2015/06/bajpai -paper -formatted.pdf
 Lilla Berkes, The Development and Meaning of the Concept of Multiculturalism
https://www.southeast -europe.org/pdf/04/DKE_04_A_E_Berkes -Lilla_Kantor -Judit.pdf
 Irawati Karve, Arvind Gupta on Bright Sparks Watermarks
http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/bs22ikarve.pdf
 Rosa García -Periago , Localizing Romeo and Juliet: Ram -Leela, Female Agency and
Indian Politics
https://academic.oup.com/adaptation/advance -article
abstract/doi/10.1093/adaptation/apaa017/5892638
 Bora Sumi, The Life and Afterlife: Adaptation of Shakespeare i n Bollywood Films
http://springmagazine.net/V5/n1/v5n104.pdf
 W. J. Wilkins, Hindu Mythology Vedic and Puranic
http://www.srimatham.com/uploads/5/5/4/9/5549439/hindu_mythology.pdf
 M. Rajagopalachary and K. Damodar Rao, Multiculturalism and the Indian Tradition
http://sapat gramcollegeonline.co.in/attendence/classnotes/files/1589269720.pdf
 Indian Culture and Human Values
http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/8857/1/Unit -1.pdf
Topics for Intern al Evaluation (Approx. 2500 words)
Write an essay (prepare presentation) on any two of the following -
1. Translate regional recipes and write a note on social and cultural influences impacting
the cuisine
2. Translate a Marathi Bhav Geet or any emotion al song from any language into English
and write a critical appreciation
3. Make a comparative study of multiple translations / adaptations of a single text
4. Prepare a case study on multiculturalism in Social Media
5. Analyze multicultural representations in folk tales or folk songs
6. Many versions of Ramayana like that of Valmiki, Tulsidas or Kamban and Ramayan
(T.V. Series): Ramanand Sagar

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164
7. Chhabr Rajani, Fathoming thy Heart: English Translation of Rajasthani Poetry by Ravi
Purohit
8. Halla Bol The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi, Sudhanva Deshpande English and
Hindi Versions
9. Vishes Kothari‘s book of Rajasthani to English Translations, Timeless Tales from
Marwar, Penguin Folktales collected and written by Vijaydan Detha
10. Shakespeare‘s Romeo and Juliet and the Film R am Leela (2013)
11. Compare and contrast folk tales from different regions and languages in India
12. Review the translations of western literary texts into Indian languages from a
multicultural perspective
Recommended Reading
1. Abid, Fouzia, and Hammad Mushtaq. "Ne w Historicist Aspects in Manto‘s Stories."
2. Arthi, M. "Sufferings of Dalits in the Select Poems of Meena Kandasamy."
3. Athwale, Suddhodhan. "A Quest for Gender Equality in Meena Kandasamy‘s
Touch." International Journal on Studies in English Language and Lite rature
(IJSELL) 2 (2014).
4. Bhatia, Nandi, ed. Modern Indian Theatre: A Reader . Oxford University Press, 2011.
5. Chakraborty, Abin. "Venomous touch: Meena Kandasamy and the poetics of Dalit
resistance." Postcolonial Text 4.4 (2008): 3.
6. Dennis, Riya. "Dissent o f Manto: A Protest of Nation, Gender and Humanity."
7. Derrida, J. Positions. Trans. A Bass, University of Chicago Press, Chicago
8. Jana, Ujjwal. "" The struggle to annihilate caste will be victorious": Meena Kandasamy
in conversation." Postcolonial Text 4.4 (2 009).
9. Joseph, Sara . Retelling the Ramayana :Voices from Kerala . Trans. Vasanthi
Shankarnarayanan, OUP, New Delhi, 2005
10. Kandasamy, Meena. Touch . Peacock Books, 2006.
11. Krishnamoorthy K, Mukhopadhyay, Satkari , A Critical Inventory of Ramayana Studies
in the Wo rld,Sahitya Akademi, 1991
12. Majumdar, Sudeshna. "Poetry of Combat –Meena Kandasamy and the Politics of Dalit
Representation."
13. Niranjana T . Siting Translation, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1992
14. Pestel Ben, Palazzolo Pietra, Burnett Leon . Translating Myth , Routl edge, 2020

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15. Robin Attfield, On Translating Myth, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion,
Vol 2, No. 4(Winter, 1971)
16. Sreedevi K Nair, Re -texting as Translation: a Study on Ramayana Translations in India
(article, Translation Today, Vol 9)
Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Nina Roy Choudhury
(Convener) Principal, S.I.E.S College of Commerce and Economics
Deepti Mujumdar Head Department of English, Chikitsak Samuha‘s Patkar -
Varde College
Dr Sindhu Sara Thomas Assistant Professor Department of English, S.K Somaiya
College of Arts, Science and Commerce
Dr. Pandurang Barkale Head Department of English, SNDT College of Arts and
SCB College of Commerce & Science for Women
Dr. Kishan Pawar Associate Professor, Department of English
Maharshi Dayanand Colleg e of Arts, Commerce and
Science , Parel, Mumbai.

************************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Elective Course -V
Popular Culture and Translation

Semest er III

Paper -XIII (B)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 173

167
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS310
iii. Course Title Popular Culture and Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lecture s per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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168
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Popular Culture and Translation

Preamble
Literature and culture have always been closely associated as literature is the mirror of life.
Popular culture and translation knits together the thought process of the sensitive writers and
carries them to the re aders. The translated versions do make the world grow into a smaller
place with better means of communication. The paper attempts to pick up the best of the
writings and make the students familiar to that particular section of society. It would give
them a deep understanding of the way of life, habits, traditions etc. to give a feel of different
lifestyles. It would give exposure to different genres of popular culture through the original
and translated versions of best of writings. Thus, the paper popular culture and translation
would not only create interest in the translation process but would also boost the theatre
poetic outburst, media, multimedia, art and richness in fiction which would add greater
meanings to life.
Objectives
 To make a course of an in-Department h study of the translation of
writings from the perspective of popular culture
 To make students know the basic concepts and theories of popular culture
 To increase the students‘ awareness about the linguistic problems encountered
by the tran slators while translating the writings and creations of popular culture
 To acquaint the students with the aesthetic and cultural problems while
translating fiction and prose and to motivate them to find the solutions
 To know the sense of loss and gain in r eading, receiving or doing the
translation of popular fiction, drama, poetry or all the genres of popular
culture.
 To understand the challenges in translating various forms of popular literature
and to enable them to discover new possibilities

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169
Outcomes
 The students will learn a course of an in -depth study of the translation of
writings from the perspective of popular culture
 They will know the basic concepts and theories of popular culture
 They will be aware about the linguistic problems encountered by th e translators
while translating the writings and creations of popular culture
 They will be acquainted with the aesthetic and cultural problems while
translating fiction and prose and will be motivated to find the solutions
 They will know the sense of loss and gain in reading, receiving or doing
the translation of popular fiction, drama, poetry or all the genres of
popular culture
 They will understand the challenges in translating various forms of popular
literature and will be able to discover new possibili ties

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170

Semester: III
Title of the paper: Popular Culture and Translation
Elective: Paper No. XIII – B Total Credits 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I – Background topics
Popular culture and translatio n as the interdependent areas of knowledge and the
relativism in their disciplinary theorization as well as application, the translation and
adaptation of popular culture through migration, native consciousness, Western
impact and Eastern Ethnicity and so on.
The aesthetic and rhetoric elements of popular culture including socio -political
manifestations of popularity, food and fashions, economy and status symbolism, class -
oriented cultural traits and Western and Eastern perceptions on Popular Culture in
translated forms.
Unit II – General Perceptions in Translated Popular Culture
Comics and graphic novels in translation, detective fiction, science fiction, horror
fiction and the culture of popularity in translated books from regional to English in
the Europ ean and the Indian Context (Teachers can choose any suitable texts and
illustrate these topics to relate with the intersectionality of popular culture and
translation)
Folk tales, fairy tales, animated versions of translated stories and children‘s literatu re
in translated forms of popular culture, patterns of belief, conceptual and interactional
ideologies in popular culture and filtrations of the original cultural impact in
translation and evolution of the hybrid culture through translated versions of popu lar
literature and popular art and so on. (illustrative texts, stories, poems, films can be
chosen by the teachers to analyse and explain the elements and structures)
UNIT III Popular Imagination and Comparison through Genre
 Fiction – choose any two and compare
 Moustache – the novel translated from Malayalam to English by S. Hareesh and
Jayasree Kalathil , Harper Collins Publishers, India, Jan 2020 ISBN
9789353576035

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171
 Don Quixote , Miguel de Cervantes Translated by John Ormsby
http://pinkmonkey.com/dl/library1/book0530.pdf
 Mrityunjay – Shivaji Sawant, in English and Marathi
https://www.pdfdrive.com/mrutyunjay -e158370549.html
 Drama and Poetry – Choose any two and compare
 The Last Lear , written by Utpal Dutt, directed by Rituparna Ghosh in film version
and enacted by Amitabh Bachhan, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal and produced by
Arindam Chaudhari
 Selected Poems of Amrita Pritam, Dialogue Calcutta Publication, edited by Pritish
Nandy and translated from Punjabi into English by Khushwant Singh and Krishna
Gorowara, Suresh Kohli, Charles Brasch, Prabhakar Machwe, Mahendra
Kulashreshtha and Amrita Pritam, 1970
http://apnaorg.com/books/english/selected -poems -amrita -pritam/selected - poems -
amrita -pritam.pdf
 Rudali by Mahashweta Devi, to be studied as play, and film version
Unit IV Media and Multimedia with Art and Academia in Popular Culture
The phenomenon of translation of popular art from past to now into everyda y culture,
the analysis of popular culture through media and multimedia in present context –
find any work from translated popular literature and discuss the cultural elements in
that the popular art as transmitted through Language, Performing, theatrical and fine
arts, a historical review of Maharashtrian folk arts, in popular forms like Tamasha,
Lavni, Powada, Bharud, Bhajan, Gondhal and so on - find any two works from
translated popular literature and discuss the cultural elements in that comparatively
Evaluation Pattern: Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks

Marks 10
Total 20 Marks

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2. One Internal Test based on the syllab us (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20
Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Semester End Examination
Duration: 2 :30 Hours 60
Marks
Unit 1 Short Notes on Unit – I ( three out of five) 15 Marks
Unit 2 Essay on Unit 2 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 3 Essay on Unit 3 (one out of two) 15 Marks
Unit 4 Essay on Unit 4 (one out of two) 15 Marks
References
 Storey John, What is Popular Culture? Pierson Prentice Hall, London, 2001
http://www.tezu.ernet.in/dmass/pdf/studen t-corner/POPULAR -CULTURE.pdf
 Skrentny John D., Culture Race Ethnicity : Bolder, Deeper and Broader
https://www.researchgate.net/publica tion/249666813_Culture_and_RaceEthnicit
y_Bolder_Deeper_and_Broader
 Federico Zanettin , ‗Translating comics and graphic novels‘ - from The Routledge
Handbook of Translation and Culture (editor - Sue-Ann Harding, Ovidi Carbonell
Cortés) https://quote.ucsd.edu/jskrentny/files/2014/08/AnnalsSkrentny.pdf
 Jubete Clara, Translating Literature for Children
file:///C:/Users/Bhagya/Downloads/Translating_Literature_for_Children.pdf
 Chandler Daniel, An Introduction to Genre Theory
https://faculty.washington.edu/farkas/HCDE510
Fall2012/Chandler_genre_theoryDFAnn.pdf
 Mukherjee, Arun, Alok Mukherjee and Barbara Godard, Translating Minoritized
Cultures: Issues of Caste, Class and Gender Translating cultures of minority.pdf
 Art forms of Maharashtra at pscnotes.c om
https://maharashtra.pscnotes.com/prelims -notes/environment/art -forms -of-
maharastra/

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 Tibor Koltay, The Media and The Literacies
https://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=doaarady/files/doaa_2.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and attempt
one for presentation and the o ther for assignment (approx. 2500 words excluding the
translated text). Attempt a bilingual or trilingual perception and a nalysis of any of the
following:
1. The biography of Steve Jobs – Walter Isaacson - Marathi Translation by Dr Vilas
Salunke
2. Anandi Gopal (SL- Marathi) by S. J. Joshi translated into Eng by Asha Damle
Published by Bhatkal & Son, 1992. 272 pages. 272 pages. ISBN 9788185604008 into
Hindi by Pratima Dave.
3. Sarang Vilas, The Perils of Nativism translated from Marathi by Dr. V. V. Badve
4. Devdas No vel: S C Chatterjjee 1917 (Bangla), Sreejata Guha 2002 (English) Penguin
books, Film Adaptations: Devdas, Dir. Bimal Roy 1955 (Hindi), Devdas, Sanjay Leela
Bhansali 2002 (Hindi), Dev D Anurag Kashyap 2009 (Hindi)
5. Sacred Games (2006): Novel: Vikram Chandra (English) Sacred Games (2018): Web
Series: Dir. Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane, Neeraj Ghaywan (Hindi)
6. Gunaho ka Devta -Dharmveer Bharati - Chunder and Sudha - Poonam Saxena
7. Wise and Otherwise - Sudha Murthy
8. Ek hota Carver – Veena Gavankar
9. Harry Potter and philosopher‘s stone - J.K. Rolling
10. Revolution 2020 - Chetan Bhagat
11. Choose stories from Sadat Hasan Manto, Ismat Chugtai, or Qurratulain Hyder to
discuss the regional versus national popularity of cultural and revolutionary ideologies
12. Select any play tr anslated from the works of Vijay Tendulkar, Satish Alekar, Mohan
Rakesh, Girish Karnad or Badal Sircar and appreciate the parallelism of cultural
reflections in two languages of the chosen co-texts
13. Select any poets from Indian Regional languages translated into English and analyse
minimum five poems to explore the hybridity and de -hybridity of culture in translation
Recommended Reading
1. Bennett, Tony, Colin Mercer and Janet Woollacott (eds), Popular Culture and Social
Relations, Milton Keynes: Open Universit y Press, (1986)

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2. Brooker, Peter, A Concise Glossary of Cultural Theory, London: Edward Arnold,
(1999)
3. Day, Gary (ed.), Readings in Popular Culture, London: Macmillan, (1990)
4. Donald Haase (ed.) The Greenwood Encyclopaedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
5. (Greenw ood Press, 2008)
6. Du Gay, Paul, Stuart Hall, Linda Janes, Hugh Mackay and Keith Negus, Doing
Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman, London: Sage, (1997)
7. Federico Zanettin (ed.). Comics in Translation (Routledge, 2014)
8. Fiske, John, Reading the Popu lar, London: Unwin Hyman, (1989).
9. Fiske, John, Understanding Popular Culture , London: Unwin Hyman, (1989). A clear
presentation of his particular approach to the study of popular culture
10. Gilian Lathey‘s Translating Children‟s Literature (Routledge, 2016)
11. Sarang, Vilas. (1988) The Stylistics of Literary Translation: A Study with Reference to
English and Marathi. Mumbai
12. Storey, John (ed.), Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader , 4th edn, Harlow:
Pearson Education, (2009)
13. UK Essays. (November 2018). Cha racteristics Of Popular Fiction As Literary Genre
English Language Essay. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english -
language/characteristics -of-popular -fiction.php?vref=1
Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr Renu Trivedi
(Convener) Principal, K B College of Arts & Commerce for Wom en, Thane
Dr Jyoti Mundhe Assistant Professor, Department of English, Kirti M Doongursee
College, Mumbai
Dr Kishan Pawar Associate Professor, Department of English, M D College,
Mumbai
Dr Anil Sonawane Head, Department of English, St Gonsalo Garcia Col lege, Vasai
Prof Pinaki Roy Professor, Department of English, Raiganj University, W.B.
*********************

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SEMESTER IV
Ability Enhancement Courses
20. Legal Translation PATRS401 Paper -XIV-(A)
21. Research Methodology in Translation Studies PATRS4 01 Paper -XIV- (B)
22. Becoming Translator PATRS401 Paper -XIV- (C)
23. Translation in Corporate Industry PATRS401 Paper -XIV-(D)
Interdisciplinary/Cross -Disciplinary Courses
24. Localization and Translation Studies PATRS402 Paper -XV- (A)
25. Mass Med ia and Translation PATRS402 Paper -XV- (B)
26. Translation in Indian Literature PATRS402 Paper -XV- (B)
27. Translation of Religious Texts PATRS402 Paper -XV- (D)

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


M.A. in Translation Studies (CBCS)

Part II


Legal Translation


Ability Enhancement Paper -XIV (A)

Semester IV

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from 2022 -23)

Page 183

177
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
xiv. Name of the Pr ogramme MA in Translation Studies
xv. Course Code PATRS401
xvi. Course Title Legal Translation
xvii. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
xviii. References and Additional References Enclosed
xix. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
xx. Credit S tructure 06 Credits
xxi. No. of lec tures per Unit 15
xxii. No. of lectures per week 04
xxiii. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xxiv. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xxv. Special notes , if any No
xxvi. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studi es Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Legal Translation
Preamble
Legal translation is rewriting or paraphrasing of written words in legal documents into
another language. Legal translation should not be confused with court inte rpretation, which
involves the spoken word. The employers at court or bar look for potential candidate having
specific skills in translation of legal documents. Therefore, the proficiency in reading and
writing of English and any Indian official Language o r foreign language will only add
eligibility to the opportunities available in this field.
This course offer s you hands -on practice and the study of legal concepts related to the Indian
legal system and in the world. L inguistics, translation theory and voc abulary are some of the
topics covered in introductory translation courses. Co urse may allow for considerable
translation practice, both within the classroom and at home.
This course is consisting of four units and each unit is specifically designed to in troduce the
potential learner with concepts that are essential to enhance abilities in the Legal Translation
Profession. Three units have been allotted a special module wherein the students will be able
to apply their conceptual understanding into practica l translation of the legal documents. The
last unit is completely practical in nature as it helps in applying the skills introduced in first
three units. Thus, the course objective is to allow the potential learner to enhance the skills in
legal translatio n.
Objectives of the Course:
Legal Translation a course in ability enhancement criteria in MA in Translation Studies has
been designed :
 To provide learner with the opportunity to gain an insight into the needs of a
professional translator in legal domain
 To introduce the learner with the legal system in India and in abroad
 To give an in -depth understanding of the nature of statutory language
 To acquaint with the various types of legal documents for translation
 To allow the learner to enhance special skil ls needed for practical legal translation

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 To allow the leaner to explore the translation of legislations, judgements, contracts,
petitions or any legal document in the public domain and to evaluate them.
Learning outcome s of the Course:
Having successful ly completed this course, the learner will be able to:
 Develop an understanding about the legal system in India and World
 Explore the possible opportunities in the field of legal translation
 Develop expertise in classifying the various legal documents a nd understand the
special skills required to translate them
 Evaluate the existing translated legal documents and study them
 Master all aspects of written communication in legal field, and in particular to
accuracy, readability and flow to a high level of e xpertise
 Implement the understanding of the available methods and tools for practical
translation of the legal text
 Consolidate their technical and ethical skills and knowledge through their
understanding of the legal translation profession
 Hold construct ive discussions, and collaboration with legal translation service
providers

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Semester: IV
Course : Ability Enhancement Title of t he paper: Legal Translation
Paper No.: XIV (A) Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I : Legal Translation: Meaning and Scope
Meaning and Scope of Legal Translation , Introduction to Indian Legal System ,
Introduction to International Legal System , Challenges and Opp ortunities in
Legal Translation, Legal Translation and Technology , Quality in Legal
Translation
Unit II : Translation of Statutory Language
The Nature of Legal Discourse , Translation of Different Legal Texts ,
Constraints of Bilingual Processing , Functional Approach in Translation of
Legal Language , Methods and Strategies Adopted in Legal Translation ,
Case Study: Teacher can choose any Significant Supreme Court Judgements
translated in either Hindi or Marathi for study.
Unit III : The Legal Glossary and Translation
Concept and Scope of Translation of Legal Glossary , Equivalence of Legal
Terms , Terminology Mining: A Strategy to Translate the Legal Glossary ,
Types of Legal Dictionaries: Monolingual, bilingual and Multi -lingual Legal
Dictionaries , Online Tools Available fo r Legal Translation,
Case Study: Compare at least 50 legal Terms translated and analyse them.
Unit IV: The Practical Legal Translation
The Hermeneutical Model of Legal Translation Competence , Common Legal
Issues in Translation, Revision / Proofreading i n Legal Translation , The
Translator‘s Responsibility and Ethics , Practical Translation of Legal
Documents/ Texts .
Case Study: Translation of any one Legislation passed by Parliament or State
Assembly

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Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One wr itten Assignment/Project on Practical Translation - the
topic (Legislation, Judgments, Contracts, Petitions, or any legal
document) suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Prese ntation on the written Assignment/P roject
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks


05 Marks
05 Marks
Total= 30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test containing 10 Questions based on the
syllab us (one out of three questions) 10 Marks

Semester End Examination: 60 Marks
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration : 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two ) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Translation of Legal Matter (one out of two) 15 Marks

References Reading
1. Kamala Sankaran, Ujjwal Kumar Singh 2008, Towards Legal Literacy: An
Introduction to Law in India, Oxford Universit y Press.
2. Cao, D. (2007). Translating Law. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
L. Cheng, K. Kui Sin, & A. Wagner (Eds.), The Ashgate Handbook of Legal
Translation. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
3. Gémar, J. C. (Ed.). (1982). The language of the law and translation: Es says on
jurilinguistics. Montreal, Canada: Éditeur Officiel du Québec.
4. Kelly, D. (2005). A handbook for translation trainers: A guide to reflective practice.
Manchester, UK: St. Jerome.

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5. Kussmaul, P. (1995): Training the Translator, Philadelphia, Benjamins.
6. Mellinkoff, D. (1963): The Language of the Law, Boston.
7. Sarcevic, S. (1997): New Approaches to Legal Translation, The Hague, Kluwer Law
International.
8. Šarčević, Susan. 2000. Legal Translation and Translation Theory: a Receiver -oriented
Approach
9. David, René & Brierley, John. 1985. Major Legal Systems in the World Today.
London: Stevens.
References:
1. Alcaraz, Enrique., Hughes, Brian. 2002. Legal Translatio n Explained. Manchester : St
Jerome Publishing.
2. Austermühl, Frank. 2001. Electronic To ols for Translation. Manchester : St Jerome
Publishing.
3. CAO, Deborah. 2007. Translating Law. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. [CD -ROM]. Standard Edition CD -ROM.
4. David, René & Brierley, John. 1985. Major Legal Systems in the World Today.
London: Stevens.
5. Gustaffson, M. (1975): ―Some Syntactic Properties of English Law Language‖,
Turku,Publications of the Department of English at the U niversity of Turku, no. 4.
6. Hatim, B., Mason, I. (1997): The Translator as Communicator, London, Routledge.
7. Kussmaul, P. (1995): Training the Translator, Philadelphia, Benjamins.
8. Little, Brown & Co.Morris, M., (ed.)(1995):Translation and the Law, Philadelp hia,
Benjamins.
9. Mellinkoff, D. (1963): The Language of the Law, Boston,
10. Newmark, P. (1988): A Textbook of Translation, London, Prentice Hall.
11. Nida, E. and TABER, C.R. (1969): The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden,
E.J.Brill.
12. Nielsen, Sandro. 1 994. The Bilingual LSP Dictionary; Principles and Practice for Legal
Language.
13. Obenaus, G. (1995): ―The Legal Translator as Information Broker‖, Morris, 1999.
14. Rayar, Louise. 2007. The Use of ‗International Legal English‘. In KIERZKOWSKA,
D. Court Interpre ting and Legal Translation in the Enlarged Europe 2006. Warszawa:
Translegis, 2007.

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15. Rayar, W. 1988. Problems of Legal Translation from the Point of View of the
Translator. In NEKEMAN, P. (ed.). Translation our Future. Proceedings of the XI
World Congress of FIT. Maastricht: Euroterm, 1988.
16. Sager, Juan. 1998. Terminology: Theory. In BAKER, M. ( Ed.). Routledge
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London/New York: Routledge, 1998.
17. Sarcevic, S. (1997): New Approaches to Legal Translation, The Hague, Kluwer Law
International.
18. Šarčević, Susan. 1997. New Approach to Legal Translation. The Hague : Kluwer Law
International.
19. Šarčević, Susan. 2000. Legal Translation and Translation Theory: a Receiver -oriented
Approach. Genéve 2000: Actes [online]. Available at: www.tradulex.org .
20. Snell -Hornby, M. (1995): Translation Studies. An Integrated Approach, Philadelphia,
Benjamins.
Syllabus Prepared by:
Name Details
Dr Satyawan Hanegave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and C ommerce
(Autonomous), Vidyavihar, Mumbai -400077
Dr Pravin Gaikwad Assistant Professor, Department of English, J. S. M. College,
Alibag, District – Raigad, Maharashtra.
Dr Ravindra Patil Assistant Professor, Department of English, Yashwantrao
Chavan Col lege of Law, Pune.
Adv. Mousumi Chatterjee Mrs. Mousumi Chatterjee, Advocate/ Ld Counsel for N.F.Rly,
District Bar Association, Silchar , Dist. - Cachar, Assam - 788001

****************************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI



Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Part II Semester IV



Ability Enhancement Course

Research Methodology in Translation

Semester IV

Paper -XIV (c)



(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 191

185









1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS401
iii. Course Title Research Methodology in Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabu s Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lec tures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligib ility , if any No

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186
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Research Methodology in Translation Studies
Preamble
The students and scholars across the discipline have attracted to the translation studie s with a
wide range of backgrounds, who then need to face the challenge of accounting for a complex
object of enquiry that does not adapt itself well to traditional methods in other fields of
investigation. This course is intended to addresses the needs of such learner at the post
graduate level – whether they are students doing research at postgraduate level or to expose
them to the basic understanding of the research as general domain and the translation as
specific area to familiarize them with methods o utside their current field of studies. The
course will promote a discerning and critical approach to scholarly investigation by providing
the learner not only with the know -how but also with insights into how new questions can be
fruitfully explored throug h the coherent integration of different methods of research.
Understanding core principles of reliability, validity and ethics is essential for any researcher
no matter what methodology they adopt, and a whole course is therefore devoted to these
issues of such different nature .
Research Methodologies in Translation Studies is divided into four different units , wherein
the research focuses on the translation product, the process of translation, the participants
involved or the context in which translation t akes place. An introductory unit discusses issues
of reliability, credibility, validity and ethics along with the key concepts in research . The
impact of our research depends not only on its quality but also on successful dissemination,
and the final two u nits t herefore , deals with research methodologies and the various
approaches in the field of research in translation studies and the assignments, project,
preparing the research proposal which will add additional skills to be enhanced as a part of
the cour se.
Objectives of the Course
 To introduce the learners to the concept of ‗research‘ and the key terms involved in
the process
 To enable them to understand the stages of research

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 To familiarize the learners to the procedures involved in research and to im plement
them to actual research
 To introduce them to the significant approaches in the field of research in translation
studies
 To enable them to evaluate and analyse the possible problems or the questions in the
field of translation studies and design the best strategies to overcome them
 To motivate the learner to pursue the research in the field of translation studies
Learning outcome s of the Course:
Upon completing this course, each student will be able to:
 Understand the research as a domain of studies
 Familiarise to the general terminology of the research and the process of research
 Demonstrate knowledge of research processes (reading, evaluating, and developing)
 Perform literature reviews using print and online databases
 Employ the approaches to the study of translation studies critically
 Identify, explain, compare, and prepare the key elements of a research proposal/report
 Define and develop a possible translation studies research interest area using specific
research designs
 Compare and contrast qua ntitative and qualitative research paradigms, and explain the
use of each in translation studies research;
 Explain the rationale for research ethics
 Demonstrate how educational research contributes to the objectives of further career
in research

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188
Semester: IV
Course : Elective
Title of the paper: Research Methodologies in Translation Studies
Paper No.: XIV (B) Total Credits: 6 Credits

Total Lectures: 60
Unit I: Meaning and Nature of research 15
i. Key ter ms- Research, Investigation, exploration, examination, analysis,
hypothesis, data, methods and techniques, results and findings
ii. Research Skills
iii. Stages of Research
iv. Materials and Tools of Research: Books, anthologies, thesauruses, encyclopaedia,
conference p roceedings, unpublished theses, newspaper articles, journals, G ovt.
publications, e -journals, web references etc.
v. Concept of Research Quality and Research Ethics
Unit II: Introduction to Research Methodology in Translation Stud ies 15
i. Research Methodologi es in Translation Studies - its scope and Objectives -
ii. The Holms/ Toury‘s division and explanations in translation studies -limitations -
Integrated approach - descriptive translation theory.
iii. Contemporary Methodology and Theory of Research
iv. Research in Translati on Studies as an Interdisciplinary subject
v. Main areas : Research Methodology in Translation studies
Unit 3: Research Methodologies 15
i. Areas of Selection, Relations, Claims, Hypothesis and Questions
ii. Ontology and Epistemology of Translation
iii. Research Terminology
iv. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology in Translation
v. Mixed Approaches in Research in Translation Studies
vi. Research Operationalization

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189
Unit 4: Approaches to Research Methodology in Translation 15
i. Text oriented approaches and methods - Structuralist, Post-Structuralist
approaches in linguistic research.
ii. Product, Process, Participant and Context Oriented Research Approaches in
Translation research
iii. Theoretical Models of Translation Research
iv. Kinds of Research in Translation Studie s
v. Formats for citations of print and electronic materials
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One wr itten Research Proposal on the topic suggested by the
teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the wr itten research proposal
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total= 30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test containing 10 Questions based on the
syllab us (one out of three questions) 10 Marks

Semester End Examina tion: 60 Marks
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration : 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

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190
References:
1. Saldanha, Gabriela and Sharon o Brien. 2014 Research Methodology in Translation
Studies, Routl edge
2. Williams, J., & Chesterman, A. (2002). The Map: A Beginner's Guide to Doing
Research in Translation S tudies. Manchester: St. Jerome.
3. Holmes, J. S. (1988/2004). The Name and Nature of Translation Studies. In L. Venuti
(Ed.), (2004), The Translation St udies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
4. MLA Handbook for research students, 8th/ latest edition.
5. Abdul Rahim, F. (2005), Thesis Writing : A Manual for Researchers (New Delhi : New
Age International)
6. Kothari, C. R. (1985), Research Methodology: Metho ds & Techniques, Delhi: New
Age International Ltd .
7. Winkler, Anthony C. & Accuen, Jo Roy (2003), Writing the Research Paper, Thomson
Heinle
Recommended Reading
1. Baker, M., & Saldanha, G. (Eds.). (2009). The Routledge encyclopedia of translation
studies (2nd ed). Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
2. Chesterman, A. (2000). A Causal model for translation studies. In M. Olohan (Ed.),
Intercultural Faultlines: Research models in translation studies I – Textual and
cognitive aspects. Manchester: St. Jerome.
3. Holmes, J. S. (1988/2004). The Name and Nature of Translation Studies. In L. Venuti
(Ed.), (2004), The Translation Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
4. Marco, J. (2009). Training translation researchers: An approach based on models and
best practice. In I. Mason (Ed.), Training for doctoral research, Special Issue of The
Interpreter and Translator Trainer,
5. Williams, J., & Chesterman, A. (2002). The map: A beginner's guide to doing research
in translation studies. Manchester: St. Jerome.
6. Saldanha, Gab riela and Sharon o Brien. 2014 Research Methodology in Translation
Studies, Routledge
7. Williams, Jenny, Andrew Chesterman.2002 The Map: A Beginners guide to doing
Research in Translation Studies, Routledge
8. Baker, Mona.1998 Encyclopedia of Translation Studie s, London : Routledge

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9. Bassnett, Susan. 1989 Translation Studies, London: Routledge
10. Bassnett, Susan.1995 Comparative Literature – A Critical introduction, Blackwell
11. Bassnett, Susan. 2000 Translation and the nature of Philosophy: A new theory of
words, Londo n; Routledge
12. Belloc, Hilaire 1993 On Translation, London: Oxford
13. Benjamin, Andrew.1989 Translation and name of philosophy, London: Routledge
14. Benjamin, Walter.1973 Illuminations, London : Fontana
15. Bly, Robert. 1983 The Eight stages of translation, Boston: Ro wan
16. Lefevere, Andre. 1990, Translation history and culture, London: Routledge
17. Lefevere, Andre. 1991, Western Translation theory: A reader, London: Routledge
18. Munday, Jeremy. 2001 Introducing Translation Studies; Theories and applications,
London: Routledge
19. Venuti, Lawrence, 1995 The translaters invisibility, London: Routledge
20. Venuti, Lawrence, 1995 The Translation Studies Reader , London: Routledge
21. MLA Handbook for research students, 8th/ latest edition.
Syllabus Prepared by:
Name Details
Dr Satyawan Hane gave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and
Commerce (Autonomous), Vidyavihar, Mumbai -400077
Shri Sidraya Shinde Head and Associate Professor in English. Varadkar and
Belose College, Dapoli. Dist -Ratnagiri. Maharashtra, PIN -
415712.
Dr C B Patil Assistant Professor in Bhavans Degree College Munshi
Nigeria J.P Road Andheri (West) Mumbai - 400058 .
Dr Dnyanesh Naik Principal, Dr. M. K. Umathe College, Nagpur R. T. M
Nagpur University, Nagpur.

************************************* *****

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192



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part I


Ability Enhancement Course

Becoming Translator

Semester IV

Paper -XIV ( C)



(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 20 21‐2022)

Page 199

193
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
xiv. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
xv. Course Code PATRS401
xvi. Course Title Becoming Translator
xvii. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
xviii. References and Additio nal References Enclosed
xix. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
xx. Credit Structure 06 Credits
xxi. No. of lec tures per Unit 15
xxii. No. of lectures per week 04
xxiii. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xxiv. Fee Structure As per Uni versity Structure
xxv. Special notes , if any No
xxvi. Eligibility , if any No

Page 200

194
MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Becoming Translator
Preamble:
The course in ‗Becoming Translator‘ is intended in order for students to acquire translation
competence. The basic skills with learning through experience are an effective approach to
acquire the basic and essential skills in any profession . However, it is inevitable that there are
some aspects that we need to re -consider with this methodology. Translation is a creative and
functional activity. Thus, the course introduced as a part of the ability enhancement
component in Masters of Arts in Translator Studies is designed to provide scaffolding for the
enhancement of t he desired translation skill by fusing advice and information about the
practicalities of translating. The course will explain the market works, help translators learn
how to translate faster and more accurately, as well as providing invaluable advice and tips
about how to deal with potential problems, such as stress. It not only offers extensive up -to-
date information about new translation technologies , the emerging sociological and activist
turns in translation studies with a possibility of inclusion of new exercises and examples that
the teachers can keep adding. It will allow the learner to explore the various options of the
professions available in the translation field. The resources mentioned and the list of
references added to the course will readily help the learner to cross over the bridge and work
beyond the limited scope of this course content mentioned here.
The first unit will introduce translation as a general profession, its scope and the expected
skills that a translator needs to be honed wi th whereas the second unit will help the learner
with the various ways or the systematic steps involved in translation along with the
introduction to the various resources available in process of translation. The third unit deals
with the norms and rules i nvolved in translation as well as the governing laws that protects
the rights of source writer and the rights of the translation with a general introduction to the
ethics need that to be adhered to maintaining the fidelity of the translation. The fourth un it
will introduce oral translation skills and the nuances involved in manifesting and mastering it.
Thus, the course will help in enabling the learner to acquire the basic skills essential to
become a sound and expert translator. Besides, it offers the myr iad of chances to practice
translation under internal evaluation activities.

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Objectives of the Course:
 To introduce the learner to the field of practical translation
 To explore the various scope in the field of practicing translation
 To introduce the s kills essential to practice translation as a profession
 To familiarise with the universally accepted process of translation
 To introduce the scope and skills of Oral Translation
 To acquaint the learner with the available resources of practical translation
Learning outcome s of the Course:
Having successfully completed this module, the learner will:
 Understand the skills required to become a professional translator and what is meant
by translation competence
 Be aware of what it means to be a professional translator
 Be able to undertake independent translation as an independent profession
 Be able to e valuate the existing language and translation skills required for practical
translation activity.
 Be able to identify the various resources available in the p ractical translation and to
classify them.
 Be able to define and examine the various oral translation skills and the scope of the
oral translation skills.

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Semester: IV
Course : Ability Enhancement Title of the paper: Becoming Translator
Paper No.: XIV (C) Total Credits: 6 Credits
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I : Introduction to Translation as a Profession
Translation as a Profession , The Scope of Professional Translation, Transla tor
and Translation Skills, The C oncept of Reliability: Textual and Translator‘s
Reliability , Translator‘s Ethics, Translator and Language Efficiency .

Unit II : The Process of Translation
The Significance of Training the Translator , The Role of Culture of Language
and Environment in Translation, Text and Language in Translation , The
Process of Practical Translation: Tuning, Analysis, Understanding,
transferring, Terminology, Restructur ing, Checking and restructuring, Editing
the Translation, Translation as a Product .

Unit III : A. Copyright Rules and Translation Rights
The Rules of Copyright: Significance and Scope , The Role of Copyright Laws
in Translation and Transliteration , Translation of Copyright Free Text and
Ethics ,
B. Translation of Glossary of Terms and Lexicography
The Principles of Glossary of Terms and Utility and types of Glossary of
Terms , Translation Skills in Glossary of Terms , The Concept of
Lexicography, Scope and Types , Translation of Lexicography

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Unit IV: Oral Translation Skills
Introduction to Oral Translation , Tradition of Oral Translation, Audio -Visual
Translation and Orality , Orallity and Interpreting , Prosody in Interpreting
Sight Translation
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One wr itten Assignment/Project on Practical Translation - the
topic (Book, Short Story, Prose Text, Fictional Text or any other
Text that must not be less than 3000 words) suggested by the
teacher for Internal Assessment
Prese ntation on the written Assi gnment/Project
Viva voce based on the written assignment/research paper 20 Marks



05 Marks
05 Marks
Total= 30 Marks
2. One Internal MCQ Test containing 10 Questions based on the
syllab us (one out of three questions) 10 Marks

Semester End Examination: 60 Marks
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Maximum Marks: 60 Duration : 2Hrs. 30 Min.
Question 1. Essay on Unit I (one o ut of two) 15 Marks
Question 2. Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 3. Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question 4. Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
1. Finlay, Ian F. (1971) Translating . London: Teach Yourself Books.
2. Jones, Michele H. (1997) The Beginni ng Translator's Workbook . Lanham, MD:
University Press of America.

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3. Kiraly, Donald C. (1997) Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process .
Translation Studies, No 3. Kent, OH: Kent State UP.
4. Kussmaul, Paul (1995) Training the Translator . Amsterdam and Phil adelphia:
John Benjamins.
5. Mossop, Brian (2001) Revising and Editing for Translators. Manchester: St.
Jerome.
6. Bandia, Paul F. (2011) “Orality and Translation.” In: Gambier, Yves & Luc van
Doorslaer (eds.) 2011. Handbook of Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Jo hn
Benjamins, 2, pp. 108 -112.
7. Bandia, Paul F. (2015) “Introduction: Orality and translation.” Translation
Studies
8. Sager, Juan C. (1990) A Practical Course in Terminology Processing .
Amsterdam and Philadelphia,PA: John Benjamins
9. Introduction to translation Theory and Practice [MOOC] (n.d.). The Open
University. http://www.openuniversity.edu/courses/postgraduate/modules/l801
10. Translation as a Career [MOOC] (2017). OpenLearn.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/learning -languages/translation -
career/content -section -0?active -tab=description -tab
Recommended Reading :
1. Chesterman, Andrew, and Emma Wagner (2001) Can Theory Help Translators: A
Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface. Manchester: St. Jerome.
2. Davis, Kathleen (2001) Reconstruction and Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
3. Fuller, Frederick (1973) A Handbook for Translators (With Special Reference to
International Conference Translators). Gerrards Cross, UK: C. Smythe.
4. Hardwick, Lorna (2000) Translating Words, Translating Cultures. London:
Duckworth.
5. Jones, Michele H. (1997) The Beginning Translator's Workbook. Lanham, MD:
University Press of America.
6. Kiraly, Donald C. (1997) Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process. Translation
Studies, No 3. Kent, OH: Kent State UP.
7. Kraszewski, Charles S. (1998) Four Translation Strateg ies Determined by the
Particular Needs of the Receptor: Translation Theory Backwards . Lewiston, NY:
Edwin Mellen.

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8. Kussmaul, Paul (1995) Training the Translator. Amsterdam a nd Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
9. Lorscher, Wolfgang (1991) Translation Performance, Translation Process, and
Translation Strategies: A Psycholinguistic Investigation. Tubingen, Germany: Gunther
Narr.
10. Mossop, Brian (2001) Revising and Editing for Translators. Manchester: St. Jerome.
11. Picken, Catriona, ed. (1989) The Translator's Handbook. 2nd edition. London: Aslib.
12. Sager, Juan C. (1990) A Practical Course in Terminology Processing. Amsterdam and
Philadelphia,PA: John Benjamins.
13. Samuelsson -Brown, Geoffrey (1993) A Practical Guide For Translators. Clevedon and
Adelaide:Multilingual Matters.
14. Schaffher, Christina, ed. (2002) The Role of Discourse Analysis for Translation and in
Translator Training. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
15. Schaffher, Christina, and Beverly Adab, eds (2000) Developing Translation
Competence. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Joh n Benjamins.
16. Seguinot, Candace Lee Carsen (1989) The Translation Process. Toronto: H. G.
Publications.

Syllabus Prepared by:

Dr Satyawan Hanegave
(Convener) Vice -Principal, K J Somaiya College of Arts and
Commerce (Autonomous), Vidyavihar, Mumbai -40007 7
Dr Sachin Labade Associate Professor, Department of English, University
of Mumbai, Santacruz (East) Mumbai -4000 98
Kranti Doibale Assistant Professor , Department of English, R.D. & S.H.
National College, Bandra West, Mumbai -400055
B K Paikrao Assistan t Professor , English Department , BNN College
Bhiwandi , Maharashtra.
Professor Geeta Patil Professor , Department of English, Dr. B abasaheb
Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra - 431004

****************************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Core Course
Translation in Corporate Industry

Semester I

Paper -XIV (C)


(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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201

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS401
iii. Course Title Translation in Corporate Industry
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per Univer sity Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Translation in Corporate Industry
Preamble
The applied phenomenon of translation is gaining impor tance in diverse fields of industrial
and corporate world. This course ‗Translation in Corporate Industry‘ intends to train the
learners and equip them to fit for the existing demands and utility of Translation in Corporate
Industry. It aims at familiarizi ng them with studying the nature, scope, types, trends,
innovations and future of translation in business organisations. It attempts at the same time to
acquaint the learners with computer literate skills and machine assisted translations. Further,
it unde rscores the need of translators in the various fields such as Educational institutions,
Government organisations, Industries, Publishing Houses, Media, Courts, etc. it stresses on
acquiring proficiency in factual Translations and thus it provides various j ob prospects that
are emerging in the corporate world of translation as a career option .
Objectives
 To introduce the students to advancement in the process of Translation and its types
 To familiarize the students with the practical translation process in Corporate Industry
 To enable the students to use multiple theories of translation in practice and
interpretation
 To orient the student s with considerations of strong need and scope of translation in
Corporate world
 To facilitate the student s to comprehend the various job prospects in the Corporate
industries
Outcomes
 The students will be able to comprehend the translation process and would acquire the
various methodologies of Translations.
 They will be oriented to work for and with the practical corporate t ranslations.
 They will use the theories of translation studies in practical and professional world.
 They will be acquainted with the need and scope of translation in business world.
 They will be able to procure the work of a Translator in the Corporate Ind ustry.

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Semester IV Title of the paper: Translation in Corporate Industry
Paper No.: XIV (D) 6 Credits

Total Lectures: 60

UNIT I Concepts and Terminologies (15 Lectures)
 The major Industrial areas of translation as ‗language service‘ – press and media with
politics and socio -cultural phenomen a, Tele -industry, Bollywood and Entertainment
industry (Animations and Documentations), Companies including the Medical
Translation industry and localization industry and so on
 Language of business world and future of translation in the context of global
digitalization, human communication through technology, machine translation as
upcoming advancement areas of knowledge, worldwide increase of English, non -
English, Bilingual and multilingual documentation in Corporate world and so on

UNIT II Variatio ns of Language in Business and Translation (15 Lectures)
 The language of Business and the need of Translation worldwide, use of open sources
and Electronic Dictionaries in translation, Language services required for signalling,
screening, infor mation asymmetry, expertise, industry, translation, outsourcing,
quality uncertainty, Poly systems and Theorising Translation , Industrial Use of
languages as Medium of growth and rise , Industrial Use of languages as Medium of
growth and rise , use of Sketch Engine in translation
 Cultural industrialization of language – in Media and Entertainment Industry
(Theatres and Film Studies) , Intersectionality in Human and Machine Translation,
Mediating between two languages as a professional skill, Bilingual professi onals and
Translators preferred for the role of HRO or CEO, Multi - Industry Business
Translation, Translation Today: The languages of today and changing pattern of
linguistic cultures in Industrial context

UNIT III: Translation and Media Transfer (15 Lectures)
 Illustration of Media Transfer: Translation from text to celluloid media, as an
industrial act through translation (Movie and the text to be studied as co -texts) – the
students can choose any one of the following as permitted by the concerned teacher:

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1. The Movie The Bad Sleeps Well by Akiro Kurosava based on Hamlet by Shakespeare
2. The Movie Three Idiots by Aamir Khan based on The Three Point Someone by
Chetan Bhagat
3. The M ovie Pather Panchali by Satyaj it Ray based on the novel Pather Panchali by
Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay

UNIT IV: Translation and Language Services (15 Lectures)
 Importance of the Machine translation as stepping stone for beginners, Translation
service p lanning, Translation incidental services, Document data management and
quality control, Translator M anagement
 Project Translation, Confidential Information Management, Customer and
Development, Human R esource Management through translation , Future of
translation in Corporate Industry
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment of 40 Marks
Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen f rom the list mentioned above
10 Marks

10 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

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205
Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration: 2.5 H ours
Question -1: Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -2: Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -3: Es say on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -4: Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
 Chesterman, A. 1997. Memes of translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. Cross Ref Googl e Scholar.
 EMT Expert Group. 2009. Competences for professional translators, experts in
multilingual and multimedia communication.
 Halil İbrahim Balkul. Translation Technologies: A Dilemma between Translation
Industry and Academia - Importance of the Machine translation.
 Hemera, Annette .Translation as a Business (MultiLingual Translation, October /
November 2008) -Future of transla tion in Corporate Industry
 Jakobson, R. 1959. On linguistic aspects of translation. In On Translation, ed. R.
Brower, 232239. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
 Lee, Y.P., W.C. So, and Y.F. Wong. 2006. An inter -linguistic and inter -cultural
analysis of global corporate web sites. Corporate Communications: An International
Journal 11(3): 275287. Cross Ref Google Scholar
 Ngai, S.B., and P.K. Ng. 2012. New trends in corporate communications: Language,
strategies and practices. Nanjing: Nan jing University Press. Google Scholar
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262868283_The_industrialization_of_tran sl
ation_Causes_consequences_and_challenges

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206
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment from one language to English
or vice versa, with the permission of th e concerned teacher and write a note on the
experiment and experience of translation process in approx. 2500 words or present a
seminar of 10 to 15 minutes on the same.
1. Translation of a Financial/legal / annual report
2. Translation of an Advertisement copy
3. Translation of a Technical document
4. Translation of an article related to Life science
5. Translation of a literary write up
6. Translation of a book review, an interview or an editorial
7. Translation of a Film review
8. Translation of a Legal document
9. Translation o f an annual report of an NGO
10. Translation of a corporate report from Basic English to Business English
11. Translation of a Corporate News from any one regional language
(Hindi/Marathi/Gujarati) into English.
12. Translation of a regional language short film into E nglish.
Recommended reading:
1. Malone, J.L. 1988. The science of linguistics in the art of translation: some tools from
linguistics for the analysis and practice of translation. Albany: SUNY Press. Google
Scholar.
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262868283_The_industrialization_of_transl
ation_Causes_consequences_and_challenges
3. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english -language/translation -and-interpretation -english -lan
guage -essay.php
4. Referee essay: Future of translation https://www.digitalistmag.com/future -of-
work/2018/05/17/future -of-translation -worldwide -06168565/
5. Reference book for court interpretation https://translationjournal.net/Book -
Recommendation/introduction -to-court -interpreting -edition -2.html
6. Books on doing translation https://nikkigrahamtranix.com/books -on-translation/
7. Online translator tools https://gengo.com/community/15 -online -translation -tools -translator s/
8. Areas of translation https://gengo.com/industry -translation/

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https://gengo.com/industry -translation/travel -translation -services/
9. Translation in Life sciences https://www.rws.com/our -teams/rws -life-sciences/
10. Book: Vocab list Cambridge https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/22099 -vocabulary -
list.pdf
11. https://benjamins.com/catalog/ts.1.07dun
12. About The Bad Sleeps Well movie(based on Hamlet)
https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1828 -the-bad-sleep -well-shakespeare -s-ghost

Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Hemangi Bhagwat
(Convener) Associate Professor and Head , Department of English, K.J.
Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Vidyavihar,
Mumbai.
Dr. Anjali Verma Assistant Professor, Department of English, Smt. M.M.K.
College of Commerce and Economics, Bandra (W), Mumbai.
Dr Nidhi Pundir Assistant Professor, Department . of English, Rajasthani Seva
Sangh‘s S.P.D. Tibrewala College, Andheri (E), Mumbai.
Dr. Radhika Mukherjee Assistant Prof essor, Department . of English, Satish Pradhan
Dnyanasadhana College, Thane.
Dr. Subhash Kadam Assistant Professor and Head, Departmen t . of English,
Doshi Vakil Arts, G.C.U.B. Science & Commerce College,
Goregaon, Raigad.

************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Interdisciplinary/Cross -Disciplinary Courses

Localisation and Translation

Semester IV

Paper -XV (A)


(Choice Based Credit System with effe ct from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 215

209


1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS402
iii. Course Title Localisation and Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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MA Translation Studies Part Two
(100 Marks Examination P attern)
Title of the Course: Localization and Translation


Preamble

The applied phenomena of language , culture and media collaborates to create endless work
opportunities for the skilled language service providers and many language skills are being
explo red under the huge sphere of translation, domestication, foreignization, localization and
globalization in the contemporary world markets. The systems of administration, economy,
education and industrial companies, agencies and corporate organization are a ll dependent
nowadays of customer care and human resources while the central communicative network is
handled by officers who are called H R O or C E O or P R O and editor or language service
provider. Th ese very condition s and context s launch the idea of creating a paper like
Localization and translation to train students in proficiency for the actual and factual
language -oriented work through the skills of Translation.

Objectives
 To introduce the students to the huge sphere of professional translation c alled
localization and its types
 To familiarize the students with the need and scope of localization and its demand,
processing and increase in the language s used in various industr ies
 To enable the students to use their abilities in language translation a nd re -vising
localization practice in commercial sense and with the purpose of socio -economic and
regional as well as cultural interpretation s
 To orient the students to be groomed well for localization and language services in
Corporate world

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Outcomes
 The students will be introduced to the widespread sphere of professional translation
called localization and its types
 They will be familiarized with the need and scope of localization and its demand,
processing and increase in the language industry
 They wil l be able to use their abilities in language and re -vising localization practice
in the commercial sense of socio -economic and regional as well as cultural
interpretation s
 They will be groomed well for localization and language services in Corporate world

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Semester IV
Title of the paper: Localization and Translation
Paper No.: XV (A) Total Credits : 6
Total Lectures: 60

UNIT I Concepts and Terminologies (15 Lectures)
 Relating Localization with globalization and internationalization as the part of
universal progress in language and technology, l ocalization as the emerging industry
of language trade, singul ar and multiple language dealers, increasing types of
language services in global digital market, the advantages and disadvantages of
machine translation, the tools like translation memory and translation management
system
 The process of adaptation, the co ntent creation, the elements of localization as text,
layout, graphics and multimedia, keyboard shortcuts, fonts, character sets and locale
data, as well as the product's build process and packaging, the cultural, linguistic, and
technical awareness of the original and foreign language service users, updating and
appropriation of the localized version to achieve optimum functionality and utility in
pragmatic sense

UNIT II Variations of Language in Use of Localization (15 Lec tures)
 The language of Business and the need of Translation worldwide, the Industrial Use
of languages as Medium of growth and rise, use of Sketch Engine in translation and
Business Translation, translation for advertisements and for awareness, language
localization ad language adaptation, adaptation of local jargons in localization, Indian
context for localization markets, the difference in global and Indian localization
market s, Clouds and archives for localization contents and
 Localization domains and s ub-domains, the domains and sub -domains like IT,
Medical Industry, Legal Regulatory, Games and Sports Industry, Movies and
Entertainment Industry and the army sectors along with the civil markets for localized
contents of language, translation for sensitiz ation in the spheres of health, economy,
socio -cultural ethos and climate as well as ecology preservation issues, translation

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with the dialects and the changing patterns of linguistic cultures in local villages,
towns, cities and metro -spaces in the non -industrial and the Industrial context

UNIT III: Stages and Strategies in Localization (15 Lectures)
 Localization Editing, various examples of art and skill s of drafting, editing,
proofreading, elaboration or compactin g, expansion and summarising, adaptation and
paraphrasing, rewriting and retelling, rephrasing and reframing, composition and
decomposing, filling and beautifying, objectifying and personalizing, customising and
generalising, universalising and regionalisi ng to be observed from online sources
 Illustrations of content creation and content formation from social media and online
sources as the part of Cultural industrialization of language – in Media, academia and
literary, non -literary, administrative, legi slative, communicative and expressive web
storages and archives, translation memory , machine translation access and ethics,
information purposes and post -editing linguistic polish for clarity and quality, a nd
tools such as CAT – the computer assisted Techn iques of translation and CAR – the
computer assisted reviewing of tasks and projects

UNIT IV: Localization and Language Service Providers (15 Lectures)
 Language service providers and e -translation services, online tools of localiza tion and
the methods of using them - Terminology and Reporting, Integrated Machine
Translation, Localizing as an advanced cloud -based translation management system ,
as the central hub for housing the localized content along with automated workflows ,
cloud translation devices and consumer -based provisions, initiating and floating
instruction manuals and guideline handbo oks for multiple localization projects
 Internationalization and Localization of drafting and digitalization in content for
beginners, training through experimental tasks in localization and online assignments,
creating content for translators, using catal ogues, case -studies and questionnaires or
survey manuals to localize the content of multiple targe -oriented readers or users,
creating the glossaries and dictionaries with local terminologies and the future
possibilities and limitations of localization

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Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment of 40 Marks
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the topic suggested
/ approved by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned above

10 Marks

10 Marks

Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes
20 Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration : 2 Hours
Question -1: Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -2: Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -3: Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -4: Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
 Benjamin John, Translation Spaces https://benjamins.com/catalog/ts
 Successful localization starts at content creation
https://www.smartling.com/resources/101/localization -content -creation/
 The Translation of Advertisements: from Adaptation to Localization
https://www.translationdirectory.com/article60.htm
 Advertising and Localization
https://www.researchgate.net/publication /296526200_Advertising_and_Localization
 Localization Editing https://www.editsbytoni.com/localization -editing
 Creating Effective Content Localization Strategy
https://localizejs.com/articles/creating -a-content -localization -strategy/

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 Lisan, language service provider in Indian https://www.lisanindia.com/
 Transla tion, Localization, Globalization and Internationalization
https://www.lionbridge.com/blog/translation -localizat ion/localization -globalization -
internationalization -whats -the-difference/

Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and attempt
one for presentation and the other for assignment from one language to English or vice ver sa,
with the permission of the concerned teacher and write a note on the experiment and
experience of translation process in approx. 2500 words or present a seminar of 10 to 15
minutes on the same.
1. Translation of a Financial / legal / annual report
2. Transl ation of an Advertisement copy / a pamphlet
3. Translation of a Technical / administrative document
4. Translation of an article related to Life science / medical science
5. Translation of a literary write up / media review
6. Translation of a book review, an inter view or an editorial
7. Translation of a Film review / drama review
8. Translation of a Legal document / circular or office order
9. Translation of an annual report of an NGO / declarative letters
10. Translation of a corporate report from Basic English to Business English
11. Translation of a Corporate News from any one regional language
(Hindi/Marathi/Gujarati) into English
12. Translation of a regional language short film into English of the other way round
Recommended readin g

1. Growth is global, oneskyapp.com
https://www.oneskyapp.com/
2. Guide to Language Service Providers
https://www.languagedirect.org/a -guide -to-language -service -providers/
3. How to improve your localization strategy
https://blog.weglot.com/how -to-improve -your-localization -strategy/
4. Translation Studies: An Introduction to the History
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Translation -Studies%3A -An-Introduction -to-
the-History -Pardo/7780bb0d7a1f3578e7 099a665539f1bcfe82fbd0
5. Examples of localization
https://www.smartling.com/resources/101/examples -of-localization/
6. Great Books about Translation
https://k -international.com/blog/great -books -about -translation/
7. Language services bureau

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https://www.languageservic esbureau.com/indian -languages -translation.php
8. Multilingual news
https://multilingual.com/
9. Specialized Translation Services
https://gengo.com/industry -transl ation/
10. Localization strategy
https://www.bureauworks.com/localization -strategy -fc/
11. Translation and localization services for websites
https://www.lionbridge.com/blog/translation -localization/translation -vs-localization -
services -for-multilingual -websites/
12. The industrialization of translation causes, co nsequences and challenges
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262868283_The_industrialization_of_transl
ation_Cau ses_consequences_and_challenges

Syllabus Prepared by:

Dr Bhagyashree Varma
(Convener) Associate Professor, Department of English, University of
Mumbai
Dr Savitha Sukumar Head, Department of English, G M Momin College, Bhiwandi
Dr Suja Roy Abrahams Department of English, Joshi Bedekar College, Thane
Dr Anil Sonawane Head, Department of English, St Gonsalo Garcia College,
Vasai
Dr Mahesh Nivargi Chairman, BoS in English, SRT Marathwada University,
Nanded

****************************

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Interdisciplinary/Cross -Disciplinary Courses
Mass Media and Translation

Semester IV

Paper -XV (B)


(Choice B ased Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

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218

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS402
iii. Course Title Mass Media and Translation
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structur e
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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Syllabus for Mass media and Translation
Paper ( 100 Marks Examination Pattern)
Title of the Course: Mass Media and Translation

Preamble
In a multilingual country like India, translation studies have attained an unprecedented
importance in recent years, on account of globalization. It is imperative that new means and
tools be developed to gain more accessibility and wider reach. Mass Media is an effective
system to reach the millions who are other wise unreachable through the formal modes of
communication. The present paper serves a two -fold function - firstly, it enables to create a
team of translators who will utilize their skills to exploit the Mass Media with its extensive
reach and secondly, it will enhance employability of those working in the domain of Mass
Media. The paper not only gives the theoretical base to the endeavor but also attempts to
provide proper pathway to training, strategies, tools etc. with practical exercises. There is a
series of debate to shelter the various aspects of Mass Media and to find solutions
possibilities in the specific requirements through translation.
Objectives
 To acquaint the learners with the characteristics of various types of Mass Media and
Translation
 To develop analytical skills and critical thinking through close reading of texts and
topics related to Mass Media and Translation
 To cultivate the language skills and to help them understand the importance of forms,
elements and style that structure media and translation
 To make the learner aware of the importance of translation in a multilingual context s
Course Outcome
 Learners will observe the co - relation between the Mass media and the translation
process
 Learners will develop the ability to reflect and understand the approaches and the
methods of translation matching the components of Mass Media

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 Learners will observe the source language of Mass media and translate it for the target
audience and culture of diversity in society
 Learners will be abl e to express ideas and views through accurate translation especially
in the field of Mass Communication viz: Electric, Print and New Media

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Semester Four
Title of the Course: Mass Media and Translation
Course : Interdisciplinary and Disciplinary XV B Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Background Concepts and Topics (15 Lectures)
 Mass Media as a cluster of Translation, Business Communication and
media technologies in theory and practice, electronic media, print media and web
media , importance of translation and its role in inf luencing regional languages for
Media in the dissemination of information / knowledge, boosting industries, absence of
standardization in translation for online and offline content, promotional messages,
advertisement, entertaining programmers for masses , igniting constructive awareness
of various issue in society, translating for the disabled community and educating society
 Translation as agency of marketing models in Mass Media, social media campaigns,
academic positioning of regional languages in langu age hierarchy, persuasive
translation in the making of 'Breaking story', Grammar Bureau without active
contribution in grammatically correcting the language of translated media, News
reporters‘ mania of breaking news with broken grammar, translated stuff i n media such
as movies, talk shows, dance shows, reality shows, music videos for the regional or
local natives, the customer -based and customized care of credibility of brands,
broadcasts and businesses
Unit II Media Approaches for Translation 15 Lect ures
 Media approaches for translation – the collaborative and perspective approaches to
interpret the given texts, documents and raw stuff, Time as value in media and the
encyclopedic contents as supplementary tools of language variation, multiple
approach es including the Sociological , Communicational, Linguistic, Literary ,
Semiotic, Hermeneutic approaches, efficiency for Reformulation or Equivalence,
Adaptation, Cultural Compensation, translation as commodity and so on
 Media terms in approaches to transla tion - Communicative, Borrowing, Calque , lexical
and structural transposition, Grammatical structures Modulation, translated grammar
in syntax and styles of writing, abrupt summarization in titles and precise paraphrasing,

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foregrounding theory and translat ion basics of reporting or storytelling, digging for
Information and initiating newsgathering, the trend story and narrative writing, News
media gatekeeping and in -depth editing, translating and re -writing the editorial,
translated editing of symbols and h eadline writing in translated versions
Unit III Translation for Channels of Mass Communication 15 Lectures
 Translation for Print media – newspaper, treatises, books, magazines, journals,
brochures, pamphlets, columns newsletters and documents etc. Transl ation with the
awareness of the seven important news -values – Timeliness, Proximity, Impact,
Prominence, Oddity, Relevance, Conflict , and factors like the linguistic editor for
gatekeeping and selective gatekeeping, editor bias, need for objectivity, the t ranslator
bias and compartmentalized distribution of labor, lack of interest in translation due to
focus on publicity and marketization
 Translation for Electronic and Virtual Media –news ticker, or ticker lines that flash in
television and internet prop up s, the market driven Digital and machine translation,
faulty use of Google translation as source, temporality of news and events, brochures
- Slogans - Billboard -Television commercials, audio in Radio, Alexa and Recorded
Audio books or audible E -books and so on, translation for Digital / Animation / Films,
and Forums - OTT (Over the Top content) Visual and audio in television, Cinema -,
Bollywood / Hollywood and regional movies through internet sites – YouTube,
IMDB, Netflix and so on
Unit 4 Changing Di mensions in Media Translation 15 Lectures
 De-Westernizing Media Studies, bilingual packaging and cultural marketing,
information gathering and Social Communication in India, news as factual translation,
absence of relevance for theorizing the loss or ga in through translation in news and
reporting, innovation and representation as subtle and strategic devices, principles and
accountability, translated local media and global mass communication,
macroeconomics and microeconomics, competitive market structur es, corporate
expansion through advertising, individual sectors and mass media in India, and the
world
 Freedom of reporting in Political affairs, representation of social issues related to
gender, caste and class in Media through translation, the impact o f religion and
nationality and regional inter -cultural conflicts in media and translated media reports,

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traditional media and translation, e conomic theories and concepts as aspects of media,
materialistic culture of digital revolution, digital multi -platfo rm developments,
economics of copyright, risk -spreading strategies, pressures and demands on political
production of media culture, content issues, concepts and methods of analysis, media
genres and texts, audience theory and research traditions in media a nd translation for
media, audience formation and experience Processes and models of media effects,
socio -cultural effects News, public opinion and political communication, future of
translation in mass communication
Evaluation Pattern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the text
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal
Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks


10 Marks

Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration : 2 Hours
Question -1: Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -2: Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -3: Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -4: Essay on Unit IV ( one out of two) 15 Marks
References
 Hal Foster , The Anti -Aesthetic Essays on Post -modern Culture
https://monoskop.org/images/0/07/Foster_ Hal_ed_The_Anti -
Aesthetic_Essays_on_Postmodern_Culture.pdf

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224
 Athraa Kitab, Common Challenges to Media Translation in English Language
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330440986_Common_Challenges_o_Media_
Translation_in_English_Language
 Uncp journalism, seven new values, http://wp.lps.org/akabour/fil es/2013/12/The -
Seven -News -Values.pdf
 Journalism skills, how to write a feature story
https://ia.eferrit.com/ea/6b1edf44e5bb212e.pdf
 Boris Buden et al. (2009). Translation Studies, Vol. II. Issue 2
http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/2044/MarusL_Chapter%203.pdf?s
equence=4&isAllowed=y
 Griger, Dene and John Barber . New Media Translation Theory and the Online
Brautigan Bibliography
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.424.7301&rep=rep1&type
=pdf
 Languages and Digital Media: Why are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram Using
Translate. Sumalinguae Technologies.
https://summalinguae.com/blog/ languages -digital -media -facebook -twitter -instagram -
using -translate/
 Baudrillard Jean Ecstasy of Communication
file:///H:/SEM%20IV%20INTERD ISCIPLINARY%2015 -
16/15%20B%20MASS%20MEDIA%20AND%20TRANSLATION/ecstasy.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
Attempt the followi ng activities on two versions of the same text observing the impact of
translation on media and the impact of media on translation:
1. Try a bilingual report writing for a newspaper or a journal
2. Observe a breaking story in print and online and comment on it s pros and cons in two
languages (commentary has to be written in English)
3. Make a note on current happenings and prepare the news report in two or three
languages, including English
4. Content writing in two languages including English as either source or tar get language
for translation in media (Facebook, Twitter, corporate web sites)

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5. Advertisement script translation
6. Interview of a celebrity to translate in two languages (English to Regional Languages
and vice versa)
7. News item translation from English to regi onal languages (Hindi / Marathi / any
Indian language) and vice versa
8. Script writing translation: (English to regional language and vice versa)
9. Sitcoms / movies / drama Running lines translation: (English to regional language
or vice versa)
10. Blog content translation: (Eng. to regional language and vice versa)
Recommended Reading
1. Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas The Post -Modern Turn, New York: The Guilford
Press (2012)
2. Branston, G. & Stafford, R. The Media Students‘ Book. London: Routledge, 2006.
3. Ejstrup, Michael and Bjarne le Fevre Jakobsen. Semiotic Approach to Media
Language.
http://iafor.org/archives/journals/iafor -journal -of-media-communication -and-
film/10.22492.ijmcf.3.1.07.pdf
4. Marris, P. & Thornham, S. (eds) Media Studies Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 1996
5. Hall, S. (1975). ―Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse‖, Education and
Culture 6 (Strasbo urgh: Council of Europe)
6. Lister, Martin; Dovey, Jon and Giddings, Seth (2008) New Media: A Critical
Introduction. New York: Routledge
7. Parker, Robert Dale, (2012). Critical Theory: A Reader for Literary and Cultural
Studies. U.K.: Oxford University Press
8. Raessens, J. (2014) ―The ludification of Culture‖. Fuchs, Mathias; Fizek, Sonia;
Ruffino, Paulo, and Schrape, Niklas (eds). Rethinking Gamification. Lüneburg:
Meson press
9. Loga Arline, The Mass Media Translation and Ethics . SILO.TIPS, Uploaded on April
4, 201 8
https://silo.tips/download/chapter -3-the-mass -media -translation -and-ethics
10. Media and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Edited by Dror Abend David,
Bloom sbury, 2014

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11. The Little Book of Social Media networking for Translators. NYA Communications,
2013
https://translationjournal.net/images/e -
Books/PDF_Files/The%20Little%20Book%20of%20Social%20Media%20Marketing
%20for%20Translators%20 -%20PDF.pdf
12. Umamaheshwari J. Techniques and Methods of Translation. IOSR Journal Of
Humanities And Social Science
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr -jhss/papers/Conf.TS/Volume -1/15.%2040 -42.pdf

Dr Shilpa Sapre
(Convener) Head, Department of English, DBJ College, Chiplun
Mrinalini Chavan Head, Department of English, Kirti M Doongursi College,
Mumbai
Maria Shaikh Assistant Professor, Department of English, R J College,
Mumbai
Dr Shashikant Mhalunkar Assistant Professor, Department of English, BNN College,
Bhiwandi
Dr. Aparajita Ha zra
Professor, Department of English,, Sidho -Kanho -Birsha
University, WB

*************************

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227



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part I


Interdisciplinary/Cross Disciplinary
Translation in Indian Literature

Semester IV

Paper -XV (C)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 234

228

1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS402
iii. Cours e Title Translation in Indian Literature
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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229
MA Translation Studies Part Two
100 Marks Examination Pattern
Title o f the Course: Translation in Indian Literature
Preamble
Translation has been an ancient literary activity that has caused the survival of the most
ancient literatures in India while in recent times translation has gained a peculiar place as
huge agency in Indian Literatures in English and multiple languages in multi -cultural
context in India. The rising contact with native Indian languages has proved to be one of the
inevitable activities and parts of any language literatures in India on the way from local to
regional, national, international and global literatures and cultures. A recent example, of the
world's celebrated biography of Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson published in English, and at
the same time translated in more than 60 other languages includin g Marathi, explains the
wide scope of translation in contemporary global situation. This shows how translation has
become the tool of transformation of literatures in English. Hence it is significant to view
the Translation in Indian Literature closely.
Objectives
 To introduce to the learners the concept of translation in Indian Literature (English)
and all the regional literatures in India
 To make the learners understand the importance of translation especially in the
context to the past and the present I ndian Literature
 To help the learners understand the writings of the Indians in India as well as Indian
writers based in other countries
 To acquaint the learners to enjoy and understand the importance of various cultures
through translational studies

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230
Course outcome
Upon Completion of this Course, learners will
• be acquainted with the various texts, contexts, topics and trends in literary history of
India as a multilingual nation and as the most fertile ground for translation
• know the significance and the role of translation in interpretation of texts and topics
• be able to appreciate texts that are well translated and also understand flaws in the
process and product of translation
• be trained efficiently with the practical knowledge of translation that me ets the
demand of the professional opportunities, various workplaces and self -created
contents for the use of practical purposes

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Semester Four
Title of the Course: Translation in Indian Literature
Course : Interdisciplinary and Disciplinary XV (C) Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60
Unit I Background Topics
 Concept of Sahitya in the context of Indian literature, Concept of bilingual and
multilingual co -texts through translation, the so -described mainstream in language -
class -caste scenario and affirmation of marginalized literatures, Dalit Aesthetics,
Progressive Writers Movement, Post -Colonial trends in writing with resistance and
Translation, inversions and subversions in interpreting the historical and post -
modern literature of India
 Indian Traditions in Dramatic and theatrical arts, Folk arts and oral traditions, Street
theatres in various languages and regions of India, the multilingual contexts of
regionalism and nationalism in India, Poetry from the Minorities and Margin alized
Sections in India translated in English and Short -Fiction and other literary forms
reaching from local to global context through translations
Unit II Reading Reflections
• Dhammapada translated by Radhakrishnan
https://estudantedavedanta.net/Dhammapada -Radhakrishnan.pdf
• Poems of Jibanananda Das, Classic Poetry Series, 2012 (any five )
https://ww w.poemhunter.com/i/ebooks/pdf/jibanananda_das_2012_8.pdf
Unit III - Reading Recollections
• Amrita Pritam The Revenue Stamp , Trans. By Krishna Gorowara, vph New Delhi,
1977
• Indira Goswami, An Unfinished Autobiography , Sterling, New Delhi, 1990
Unit IV - Reading Representations
 Five Stories from Saadat Hasan Manto‘s Mottled Dawn, Trans. Khalid Hasan,
Penguin, 1997 (Toba Tek Singh, The Dog of Titwal, The Price of Freedom, A Tale
of 1947 and The New Constitution)

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232
 Anant Murthy, Sanskara, A Rite for A Dead Man translated by A K Ramanujan
https://asian.fiu.edu/about/director/courses -taught/modern -asia/samskara -by-ur-
anantha -murthy.pdf
Evaluation P attern
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr. No. Particulars Marks
1. One Written Assignment/Research Paper on the text
suggested / approved by the teacher for Internal
Assessment
Presentation on the topic chosen from the list mentioned
above 10 Marks


10 Marks

Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) Duration: 50 minutes 20 Marks

Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration : 2 Hours
Question -1: Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -2: Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -3: Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Ques tion -4: Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References
 Contemporary Indian Literature in English Translation – an anthology
file:///H:/MEG -14-
CONTEMPORARY%20INDIAN%20LITERATURE%20IN%20ENGLISH%20TRANS
LATION%20AN%20ANTHOLOGY.pdf
 Maya Burger and Nicola Pozza, India in Translation through Hindi Literature

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233
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_96BB2EC18E67.P002/REF.pdf
 Anisha, Translation in India: Then and Now
http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1806295.pdf
 Patnaik, Priyadarshi. Tran slations and the Indian Tradition: Some Illustrations, Some
Insights https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/volume3/ARTICLES/06%20 -
%20Translation%20and%20the%20Indian%20Tradition%20 -
%20Some%20Illustrations,%20Some%20Insights%20 -%20Priyadarshi%20Patnaik.pdf
 Bhagyashree Varma Amrita Pritam: Life as Literature, Prestige Books, New Delhi, 2006
 Archana Gupta, The Metamorphosed Self: A Feminist Reading of Indira Goswami‘s An
Unfinished Autobiography
http://eclass.jnpg.co.in/Admin/WebDoc/pdf/Econtent_Pdf_AFeministReadingofIndiraGo
swami%E2%80%99sAnUnfinishedAutobiographybyArchanaGupta.pdf
 Joshi Divya Translating Orality: Pictorial Narrative
Traditions https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cankujhss/issue/42210/508041
 Meera T. Pillai, Translating Her Story: A Woman in Quest of a Language,
https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/volume2_N2/ARTICLES/08%20 -
%20Translating%20Her%20Story%20 -
%20A%20Woman%20in%20Quest%20of%2 0a%20Language%20 -
%20Meena%20T.%20Pillai.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
1. Compare a play written in Marathi to its transla tion into English
2. Critically analyse the translation of any novel from partition literature, (like Tamas by
Bhisham Sahni, Azadi by Chaman Nahal or Train to Pakistan by Khushwant Singh and
so on )
3. Make a comparison between the original stories of Premchan d from Hindi translated
into Englis, choose any two.
4. Try to translate any two poems of Rabindranath Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, Toru Dutt, or
any poet from the Pre -Independence India (from regional to English or the other way)

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5. Translate one of the scenes of a ny play from Vijay Tendulkar‘s Marathi versions to
English or from his English versions to any Indian language
6. Translate any of Girish Karnad‘s play‘s in chosen passages from his original Kannada
text or English to any other Indian language
7. Choose any st ory from Marathi, Hindi or Gujrati writer and translate in into English
8. Select any short -fiction or prose essay from any Indian regional language and translate
into English with glossary, footnotes and explanatory note by the translator
9. Translate any son g or nursery rhyme from any Indian language into English
10. Translate any news item or report of an incident into English from any Indian language
Recommended Reading
1. Asaduddin, M. Translation and Indian Literature: Some Reflections, Translation Today,
Vol.3, Nos.1 and 2, 2006
2. Basu Tapan, Ed. Volume 2. Translating Caste: Studies in Culture and Translation, Katha,
New Delhi. 2002Datta G. Sawant. Translation Literature in India. New Perspectives on
Indian English Literature Ed. Vinod Kumar Maheshwari
1. Being Di fferent: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism - Rajiv Malhotra (in
English and Hindi)
2. Boris Burden et al. Cultural Translation: An introduction to the problem and Responses.
Translation Studies Volume 2, 2009, Issue 2
3. Dangle, Arjun, Ed. Poisoned Brea d: Translation from modern Marathi Dalit Literature
New Delhi: Orient Longman
4. Das Kamala, Thanuppu, Cold , Short -story collection, 1967
5. Krishnamurthy. Ramesh. Translation: The Indian Tradition. Encyclopaedia of Translation
Studies, ed. Mona Baker
6. Kumar, Sus hil. Understanding Translation of Indian Literature into English -A Historical
Perspective. International Journal of Translation, Vol.28 No.1 -2, Jan -Dec.2016
7. Sujit, Mukherjee. Translation as Discovery: Indian Literature in Translation. Allied
Publishers, De lhi 1981
8. Pradip Acharya, Pages Stained with Blood, Indira Goswami

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235
9. Theodar, Savory. The Art of Translation. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd, 1969
https://www.ab ebooks.com/book -search/title/art -of-translation/author/theodore -h-savory/
10. Wessler Heinz, From Marginalization to rediscovery of identity: Dalit and Adivasi voices
in Hindi literature .
Dr. B. N. Gaikwad
(Convenor) Associate Professor & Head, Department of English,
Acharya Marathe College, Mumbai .
Dr. Shanti Polamuri Assistant Professor, Department of English, Joshi -Bedekar
College, Thane, Maharashtra
Dr. Shefali Naranje Assistant Professor, Department of English, Vivek College
of Commerce, Mumbai.
Dr. Rooble Verma Professor, Department of English, Vikram University
Ujjain, Rajasthan.


*********************

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236




UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Syllabus for M.A. in Translation Studies

Program: M.A. Part II

Interdisciplinary/Cross Disciplinary Course

Translation of Religious Text

Semester IV

Paper -XV (D)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the academic year 2021 ‐2022)

Page 243

237
1. Syllabus as per Choice Based Credit System
i. Name of the Programme MA in Translation Studies
ii. Course Code PATRS402
iii. Course Title Translation of Religious Texts
iv. Semester wise Course Contents Enclosed
v. References and Additional References Enclosed
vi. Enclosed in the Syllabus Enclosed the copy of syllabus
vii. Credit Structure 06 Credits
viii. No. of lectures per Unit 15
ix. No. of lectures per week 04
x. Scheme of Examination 4 Questions of 15 marks each
xi. Fee Structure As per University Structure
xii. Special notes , if any No
xiii. Eligibility , if any No

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238
MA Translation Studies Part Two
100 Marks Examination Pattern
Title of the Course: Translation of Religious Texts
Preamble
The course aims at making students aware of the role played by translation in determining the
nature of religion historically as well as in its spread. It also makes them aware of the issues
involve d in translating religious / sacred texts. It gives them an overview of the history of
translation of religious / sacred texts. The process of translation is not only linguistic but also
ideological in its semantic scope hence the paper is an important con tribution to the course
with an intention of promoting and considering the value of all translated religious texts as
the need to spread human values and humanist understanding.
Objectives
 Understanding the Role of Translation in Spread of books of Relig ions
 Understanding the history of translation of major sacred texts
 Understanding the issues in Translating religious / sacred texts
 Understanding the various sects of a religion through the prism of translation

Outcomes
 Students would be able to underst and the translation of religious / sacred texts
historically
 They will understand translation as one type of interpretation in translating religious /
sacred texts and the multiple possibilities of multiple interpretations
 They will find the scope of tran slation as a tool to access the remote texts
 They may use translation as a tool to recreate the lost original sacred texts

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239
Semester IV
Title of the paper Translation of Religious Texts
Interdisciplinary / Cross Disciplinary Course Paper No.: XV – D Total Credits: 6
Total Lectures: 60

Unit I Significance of Translation of Religious Texts
 The need and importance of translating sacred word and books of religion in spread of
ideologies and convictions, the advantages and disadvantages of ve rsions that are
multiplied in translation of religious texts, the ideas and ideologies that get access in
translation as subjective or objective interpretations, the use and significance of
human values, approaches and agencies in spreading the religious t exts via translation
across nations, languages and cultures
 The translator‘s role of bridging the gap through translation, the objectivity and
ethical outlook of the translator as an important agency, the knowledge and wisdom
required for the translator‘s ability to translate any religious text, the competence of
source and target language as the most important and authenticating element in
translation of any religious text

Unit II Issues in Translation of Religious texts
 Translation of texts about soci al or cultural taboos, Issues in Hermeneutics or
interpretation of texts from old times, Interlingual / Intralingual commentaries
as a part of translation, linguistic and syntactic issues in translation of religious
texts, issues in Transliteration and tra nscreation, issues related to the omission,
addition and untranslatability issues, and the possibilities of solutions to all
such issues
 Translated Versions of religious texts and issues of understanding those
without the knowledge of the original, the is sues related to language of the
translator and the creed, the issues of social and cultural ethos, places and
times (for instance, the religious text acceptability issues in the places where
the masses vary and survive as the part of diasporic communities or the
outsider / insider issues)

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Unit III Semitic Religious texts - Bible translations, Septuagint, Latin Translations,
Bible translation into European vernacular languages in Medieval era, and
Early modern period, Bible translation as a missionary acti vity during colonial
and later period, translations of Biblical treatises into English and other
languages over the centuries,
 Indian Religious texts - Translation of Buddhist Texts into Western and
Eastern languages in the first millennia, Translation of Jain religious texts
from Prakrit into Indian languages including Sanskrit, Translation of
Ramayana and Mahabharatha into various Indian languages and into non -
Indian languages (mainly east Asian languages) Commentaries / Bhasya on
Vedas as Translation an d rise of Dvaita, Advaita and Vishistadvaita

Unit IV History of Sacred text -translations in India
 Translations of Sanskrit texts into English and other European languages –
deriving from the versions of religious documents on Hinduism, Islam,
Christinity , Sikkhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sufism and so on
 Translations of Sanskrit texts from Sanskrit to English and other Indian
languages – from various documents on Hinduism, Islam, Christianity,
Sikkhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sufism and so on
Evaluation Pattern:
Internal Assessment (40 Marks):
Sr.No. Particulars Marks
1. One written assignment/research paper on the text
suggested by the teacher for Internal Assessment
Presentation on the written assignment/research paper
Viva voce based on the written assignme nt/research paper 10 Marks

05 Marks
05 Marks
Total=20 Marks
2. One Internal Test based on the syllabus (one out of three
questions) 20 Marks

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Semester End Examination: (60 Marks)
Evaluation: Semester End Examination Pattern
Max. Marks: 60 Marks Duration : 2 Hours
Question -1: Essay on Unit I (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -2: Essay on Unit II (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -3: Essay on Unit III (one out of two) 15 Marks
Question -4: Essay on Unit IV (one out of two) 15 Marks

References:
1. Hephzibah Israel , Translation and religion: crafting regimes of identity
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0048721X.2019.1635332?scroll=top&
needAccess=true
2. Dorji Wangchuk Transmission of Buddhist Texts Theories and Practices of
Translat ion
https://openphilology.eu/media/pages/publications -jonathan -silk/2649738264 -
1588607430/articles_2016b_peering.pdf
3. M V Nadka rni, Introduction [To South Asia Press Edition of the First English
Translation (in 1785) of The Bhagavad Gita by Charles Wilkins
https://www.mvnadkarni.com/fi les/Introduction%20to%20Charles%20Wilkins%20Gi
ta.pdf
4. Ana-Maria -Cristina Butnariu Translating Religious Texts, Overcoming Challenges
https://old.upm.ro/jrls/JRLS -10/Rls%2010%2046.pdf
5. Ollett , Andrew. 2016. Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language
Order of Premodern India . New York: Columbia University Press.
https://www.academia.edu/18305328/Language_of _the_Snakes
6. The Proto -History of Buddhist Translation: From Gāndhārī and Pāli to Han -Dynasty
Chinese

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https://youtu.be/aCCkA12ynLs
7. Translation and transmission of Buddhist texts by T H Barrett
https://www.bl.uk/sacred -texts/articles/translation -and-transmission -of-buddhism
8. Worth, Roland H. 1992. Bible Translations: A History Through Source Documents ,
Ann Arbor: Unive rsity of Michigan.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56c736ea4d088e02a2484065/t/58f7924b3e00be
3b9d0e4b23/1 492619852195/TWFTW+DBT+Curriculum.pdf
Topics for Internal Evaluation: Students can choose from below two activities and
attempt one for presentation and the other for assignment (approx. 2500 words).
Choose any of the following type to write an essay on t he original and the translated text
with one of the two text (either original or translated) in English
 Stories, Songs, Poems from Bhakti / Rekhti
 Devotional Stories, Bhajans and Prayers
 Saints‘ Lives
 Stories or chapters from Scriptures
 Stories, chapters , songs from Mythology
 Multimodal translations of sacred texts (T.V. Serials, DVDs, Films) etc.
 Comparative Analysis on any Two documents from Sacred texts
 Review of films, Newspaper Columns or Journals or Editorials on Sacred texts
 Translation of artic les from popular newspapers (like Speaking Tree from
Times of India)
 Translations of articles from motivational magazines (as Life Positive)

Recommended Reading
1. Asad, Talal. Secular Translations: Nation -State, Modern Self, and Calculative Reason .
Columb ia University Press, 2018.
2. Cornelia Dimmitt (2015), Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit
Puranas, Temple University Press, ISBN 978-81-208-3972 -4
3. Dazdarevic Samina, Translating Sacred Words ,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282186914_Translating_Sacred_Words

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4. Dominic Goodall (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-
520-20778 -3
5. Features of Translating Religious Texts, Journal of Translation, Vol.10, Number 1
(2014) https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/16/93/14/169314997378927829233673
046224205217315/siljot2014_1_04.pdf
6. Frazier, Jessica (2011), The Continuum companion to Hi ndu studies, London:
Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264 -9966 -0
7. Greg Bailey (2001), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (Editor: Oliver Leaman),
Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-17281 -3
8. Hephzibah Israel , Translating the Sacred: Colonial Constructions and Postcolonial
Perspectives
9. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118613504.ch42
10. James Lochtefeld (2002), "Shruti", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2:
N–Z, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8239 -3179 -8
11. Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies Volume 45, 2012
12. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ioscs/journal/volumes/jscs45.pdf
13. Kenyon, Frederic G. & Andrews, Edward D. 2019.History of Engli sh Versions of
Bible. Christian Publishing House
14. http://www.bible -researcher.com/kenyon1bib.html
15. Ludo Rocher (1986), The Puranas, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-02522 -5
16. Nair, Shantha N. (2008). Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom: The Universal Hindu
Vision and Its Edifice . Hindology Books. ISBN 978-81-223-1020 -7.
17. RC Zaehner (1992), Hindu Scriptures, Penguin Random House, ISBN 978-0-679-
41078 -2
18. Ramdas Lamb (2002). Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable
Religion in Central India . State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914 -5386 -
5.

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Syllabus Prepared by:
Dr. Rajesh Karankal
Convenor Head, Department of English, University of Mumbai,
Mumbai .
Dr Suchitra Sarkar Associate Professor and Head , Department of English,
DTSS College, Mumbai.
Mr Nitin Bharaskar Assistant Professor, Department of English, KPB
Hinduja College, Mumbai .
Dr Joseph Koyippally Joseph Head, Department of English and Comparative
Literature, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod .
Dr. Pandurang Shewale Dean of Faculties and Humanities, Shivaji University,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra.


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Project Based Courses
Project Based Courses
1. Translation of Travelogues PATRS403 Paper -XVI (A)
2. Translation of M ajor Supreme Court Decisions PATRS403 Paper -XVI (B )
3. Translation of Fiction PATRS403 Paper -XVI (C )
4. Translation of Poetry PATRS403 Paper -XVI (D )
5. Translation of Short Stories PATRS403 Paper -XVI ( E)
6. Translation of Legal Documents PATRS403 Paper -XVI (F )
7. Translation and Film PATRS403 Paper -XVI (G )
8. Dubbing, Subtitling and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (H )
9. Translation of Drama PATRS403 Paper -XVI (I )
10. Translation of Scientific Documents PATRS403 Paper -XVI ( J)
11. Oral Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI ( K)
12. Translation of Tribal Literature PATRS403 Paper -XVI (L )
13. Translation of Protest Literature PATRS403 Paper -XVI (M )
14. Comics and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (N )
15. Audio -Visual Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (O )
16. Interpreting and Translation PATRS 403 Paper -XVI (P )
17. Sociology of Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Q )
18. Machine Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (R )
19. Terminology and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (S )
20. Translation, Religion and Culture PATRS403 Paper -XVI (T )
21. Translation and Gender PAT RS403 Paper -XVI (U )
22. Inter -dialectical Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (V )
23. Pedagogy of Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (W )
24. Translation, Politics and Ideological Conflicts PATRS403 Paper -XVI (X )
25. Post-Colonialism and Translation PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Y )
26. Translation in Teaching PATRS403 Paper -XVI (Z )
The objective of the Project Based Courses is to evaluate the critical competence, logical
reasoning and scholarly composition of the students at the end of the M.A. Programme. At
the end of the course s tudents are expected to have sound theoretical knowledge so that they
can apply it to a particular area of study selected from the Project Based Course. They should

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develop the skills of identifying an area of investigation, reviewing literature, analyzing
concepts, comparing alternative theories and perspectives, understanding the difference
between primary and secondary sources in the area of their research, collecting and
organising data and articulating their arguments coherently and clearly.
Final Dis sertation must be written as per the current edition of the Modern Language
Association (MLA) Handbook.
Detailed Regulations for Project Based Courses:
3.1 Project based courses will be offered in the fourth semester. Every learner will have to
choose one project based course, which will be for ten credits. The project based
course will be in the form of a dissertation based on a live project or a research
assignment related to the specific discipline of the parent department.
3.2: Every Teacher from every department will announce four to five broad topics at the
beginning of the second semester, reflecting degree of relevance and rigour suitable to
a post graduate programme, along with an indicative reading list. These will be
screened by the Board of Studi es in the subject and a final list of approved topics
along with a reading list will be displayed in the first week of the third semester.
3.3: The student will submit a list of his/her three most preferred topics in the order of
preference by the fifth we ek of the third semester to the Head of the parent
department.
3.4: Each Department will constitute a project committee consisting of the Head of the
Department (Chairperson) and two other teachers from the department. The purpose
of this committee is to oversee the functioning of the project component in the
department.
3.5: All post graduate teachers in the Department will be guides for the project component.
3.6: The project committee will allocate students to guides within the department in order of
the average of marks obtained in semesters 1 and 2.

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3.7: If it is felt necessary, the project committee can assign a co -guide to a student, depending
upon specific disciplinary needs.
3.8: The student will make a preliminary presentation in the seventh week of the fourth
semester. The presentation will be attended by the guide and a committee consisting
of two other teachers from the department. The committee will make necessary
suggestions to improve the dissertation.
3.9: The student will make a final pres entation in the 10th to the 12th week of semester four.
The presentation will be evaluated by the same committee that evaluated the
preliminary presentation. The criteria for evaluation will be as follows:
i) 10 marks for the quality of presentation
ii) 15 marks for answers to questions
The marks given by the three members of the evaluation committee will be averaged in each
head and the total marks decided by totalling the averages under the three heads.
3.10: The student will submit a bound hard copy of t he dissertation to the Department by the
end of the fourth semester, along with a soft copy on a CD/DVD.
3.11: The final dissertation will have a word limit of 5000 -8000 words and will be typed in
one and a half spacing on one side of the paper.
3.12: The final dissertation will be evaluated out of 75 marks by the guide.
3.13: The project will be given a grade point as per the following scheme:
10 Point Grading System

Marks Grade Points Grade Performance
Less than 40 0 F Fail
40 – 44.99 4 D Pass
45 – 49.99 5 C Average
50 – 54.99 6 B Above Average

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55 – 59.99 7 B+ Good
60 – 69.99 8 A Very Good
70 – 79.99 9 A+ Excellent
80 and Above 10 O Outstanding
Note: The Subject weight will remain as earlier.

3.14: A student who gets a letter grade F in the cou rse will be deemed to have failed in the
course.
3.15: A student who feels aggrieved by the grading received will have the option of applying
to the project committee for re -evaluation of the project within a period of one week
after the declaration of the result. . If the project committee feels that the claim is
justified, it shall appoint a fresh examiner who will submit his/her evaluation in a
weeks time. If the marks by the re -evaluating examiner exceed the marks of the
original examiner by a margin of 10% or more, the latter set of marks will be
considered final.
3.16: The student who has got a letter grade F in the project course will have the option of
resubmitting a revised version within 2 months from the date of declaration of the
result. If a student fails this time too, he/she will not get any more chances and will be
ineligible to be awarded the MA degree.
3.17: If a student is unable to submit his/her dissertation in the stipulated time or fails to
make the presentations at the appointed time, he/she will be deemed to have failed the
course and will have the option given in 3.16.
3.18: The schedule for preliminary presentation, final presentation and dissertation
submission is displayed in the first week of the fourth semester.
3.19: Ethical Sta ndards regarding Dealing with Human Participants:
Students should refrain from acts which he or she knows, or under the circumstances has
reason to know, spoil the academic integrity of the academic program. Violations of
academic integrity include, and no t limited to: plagiarism; violation of the rights and welfare

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of human participants in research and practice; cheating, knowingly furnishing false
information; misconduct as a member of department or college, and harm to self and others.
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