MA Regular in Philosophy Sem III IV1_1 Syllabus Mumbai University

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M.A PHILOSOPHY REGULAR W.E.F 2017 -18
Section
Overview
Semester I Modification in numbering for Paper III (A) and IV (B)
and Bridge Course under r evision
Paper I ( Core ): Metaphysics (Indian and Western)
Paper I I (Core ): Epistemology (Indian and Western)
Paper I II (Core ): Contemporary Philosophy (Indian and Western) A
Paper I V (Core ): Contemporary P hilosophy (Indian and Western) B
Bridge Course for those from other disciplines without SYBA in
Philosophy
Semester II Modification in the Ethics paper w.e.f 2017 -18
Paper V (Core) : Ethics (Indian and Western)
Paper VI (Core) : Philosophy of Consciousness (Indian and Western)
Paper VII (Core) : Contemporary Philosophy (Indian and Western) C
Paper VIII (Core) : Contemporary Philosophy (Indian and Western) D
Semester III w.e.f 2017 -18
Paper IX Basket I (Elective): Classical Thought
Paper X Basket II (Elective): Thinkers
Paper XI Basket III (Elective): Logic and Epistemology
Paper XII Basket IV (Elective): Socio -Political and Religio -Spiritual
Thought
Paper XIII Basket V (Elective): Contemporary Trends
Semester IV w.e.f. 201 7-18
Paper XIV Ability Enhancement Course (any one from groups A or B )
(A)(i) Critical Thinking
OR

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(A) (ii) Studies on Meditation (Indian & Western)
(B)(i) Logical Reasoning (Indian & Western)
OR
(ii)Symbolic Logic ( Second -order Sentential Logic)

Paper XV Interdiscipl inary/Cross disciplinary Course (one)
Paper XVI Dissertation

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MA REGULAR w.e.f 2017 -18
MA I I Philosophy
Sem ester III: 5 Electives
Paper IX Basket I
Classical Thought
a. Ancient Greek Philosophy
b. Buddhism & Metaphysics
c. Early Medieval Philosophy
d. Greek, Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy
e. Jaina Metaphysics
f. Late Medieval Philosophy
g. Samkhya Metaphysics
h. Schools of Vedanta
i. Shaivism, Shaktism and Tantrism
Paper X Basket II
Thinkers - 13
a. Acarya Kundakunda
b. Aristotle: Practical Philosophy
c. Gandhi
d. Heidegger (Later Philosophy)
e. Hume
f. J. Krishnamurti
g. Kant: Practical Philosophy
h. Nagarjuna
i. Plato: Moral Philosophy, Politics and Art
j. Rāmānuja
k. Śankara
l. Svatmarama : Hathayogapradipika
m. Wittgenstein
Paper XI Basket III

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Logic and Epistemology - 11
a. Advanced Indian Epistemology
b. Advanced Western Epistemology
c. Aristotle -Epistemology
d. Buddhist Epistemology
e. Jaina Epistemology
f. Kant -Epistemology
g. Nyaya Epistemology
h. Plato -Epistemology
i. Symbolic Logic (First -order Sentential Logic)
j. Traditional Logic
k. Yoga Epistemology
Paper XII Basket IV
Socio -Political and Religio -Spiritual Thought
a. Buddhist Text Study
b. Comparative Religion
c. Contemporary Political Thought
d. Islamic Philosophy
e. Jainism Text Study
f. Jnaneshwar
g. Modern Political Thought
h. Philosophy of Religion
i. Sufism -Politics & Culture
j. Vallabha
k. Yoga Text Study



Paper XIII Basket V

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Contemporary Trends - 09
a. Buddhist Psychology and Meditation
b. Existentialism
c. Feminities, Masculinities and Language
d. Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
e. Jaina Psychology and Meditation
f. Language and Reality
g. Philosophy of Science
h. Structuralism and Post Structuralism
i. Yoga Psychology and Meditation

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Semester IV New
Paper XIV Ability Enhance ment Course s Choose any one from any one group
(A) OR (B)
(A) (i)Critical Thinking
OR
(ii) Studies on Meditation (Indian & Western)
(B) (i)Logical Reasoning (Indian & Western)
OR
(ii)Symbolic Logic ( Second -order Sentential Logic)
Paper XV Interdisciplina ry/Cross disciplinary Courses
a. Buddhist Ethics
b. Environmental Ethics
c. Jaina Ethics
d. Mind and Conceptions of the Self
e. Philosophy of Art
f. Philosophy of Education
g. Philosophy of Feminism
h. Philosophy of Film
i. Philosophy of Management
j. Schools of Yoga
k. Sufi Philosophy
l. Symbolic Logic (Relational Logic and Axiomatic Systems)
m. Yoga Ethics
Paper XVI Dissertation (1500 words)

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Semester III
Paper IX Basket I: Classical Thought
a. Ancient Greek Philosophy
b. Buddhism and Metaphysics
c. Early Medieval Philosophy
d. Greek, Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy
e. Jaina Metaphysics
f. Late Medieval Philosophy
g. Samkhya -Yoga Metaphysics
h. Schools of Vedanta
i. Shaivism, Shaktism and Tantrism

a. ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY
Unit I
a) The Milesians: Thales: Water as arche, Anaximender: The Unlimited as arche.
Anaximenes: - aer as arche. Were the Milesians philosophers?*
b) The Pythagoreans: The human being‘s place in Nature – Number and things -
Nature of the soul.
Unit II
a) Becoming: Heraclitus: Change, change and stability.
b) Being:
A. Parmenides: Cosmic Substance as Being
B. Zeno: Zeno‘s puzzles – Is Zeno a sceptic?
Unit III
a) Pluralists: Empedocles and Anaxagoras.
b) Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus.

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Unit IV
a) Sophists : Philosophy of ―Man‖:
A. Relativism of Protagoras.
B. Nihilism of Gorgias.
C. Ethics: Justice, Nature and Convention
b) Socrates :
C. Socratic philosophy in relation to sophism.
D. Socratic Method –Ignoratio Elenchus. c) Socratean Ethics.
Please Note:
1. The complex, hybrid cultural confluence of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia and
Hellas that went to constitute Greek civilization has to be introduced as a
background.
2. Given the doxological dimension of the sources for ancient Greek philosophy, the
terms spe lled out in the syllabus are simply pointers for further discussion. The rich
contribution of the philosophers cannot be reduced to the key words in the syllabus.
References:
1. Annas, Julia.2000 Ancient Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction Oxford:
Oxford University Press Barnes, Jonathan. 1987. Early Greek Philosophy.
London Bernal, Martin. 1987. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical
Civilization Rutgers University Pr ess
2. Burnet, John. 1920 Early Greek Philosophy 3rd edition London: A & C Black
Gill, Mary Louise and Pierre Pellegrin (ed). 2006. A Companion to Ancient
Philosophy Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
3. Guthrie, W. K. C., 1962, 1965, 1969, A History of Greek Philosophy, Vols. I, II,
and III Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven. 1957. The Presocratic Philosophers. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. Long, A. A. (ed.), 1999, The Cambridge

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Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, Cam bridge: Cambridge University
Press.
5. Osborne, Catherine. 2004 PreSocratic Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. Stace, W.T. 1920 A Critical History of Greek Philosophy London: St. Martin‘s
Taylor, C.C.W. (ed.), 1997. Routled ge History of Philosophy, Vol. I: From the
Beginning to Plato, London and New York: Routledge.
7. Vlastos, G., 1945 and 1946, "Ethics and Physics in Democritus," Philosophical
Review 54: 578 – 592 and 55: 53 –64.


b. BUDDHISM AND METAPHYSICS
Unit I
a) Problem of Substance: Denial of Both Conscious as well as Material substance,
b) Denial of permanent soul - Anatma Vada
c) Problem of Rebirth and Problem of Personal Identity
Unit II
a) Buddhist approach to Metaphysics - Notion of Avyakruta Prashana
Misarticulated Questions.
b) Theory of Causation, Pratitya Samutpada
Unit III
The Realistic Schools of Buddhism. Bahyaprakshavadi and Bahayanumeyavadi
Schools.

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Unit IV
a) The Sunyavada of Nagarju na. Is it Nihilism? The status of world and self,
nature of liberation.
b) The Vijananavada -Is it subjective idealism? The concept of Alayvijnana, the
status of world.
Books for Study :
1. Buddhism: Its essence and Development - Edward Conze, (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1951) 2. Buddha and Buddhsim - H.H. Wilson (Lucknow: Oriental
Reprinters, 1976). 28
3. The Soul Theory of the Buddhsists - T. Scherbatsky (Varansi: Bharatiya Vidya
Prkashan, 1988).
4. A Manual of Buddhsim - Mrs. Rhys Davids (London: The Sheldom Press, 1931)
5. The Frame work of Nagarjuna‘s Philosophy - A Padhya (Sei Satguru Publication,
1988)
6. Buddhist Philosophy - A.B. Keith (BUP 1923)
7. Central Philosophy of Buddhsim - T.R.V. Murti (Unwin Paperbacks, 1980)
8. Madhyamika and Yoga cara - G.N. Nagao (Trans by L.S. Kawamura.)
9. An Introduction to Buddhist Psychology, 4th edition by Padmasiri De Silva,
Palgrave Macmillion. 10. Buddhism - Christmas Humphreys (London: Penguin
Books, 1962)

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c. EARLY MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Unit I
St. Augustine (354): Theory of knowledge, Existence of God, Problem of Evil,
Freedom of Will.
Unit II
Boethius (475): The Consolation of Philosophy. Problem of Universals
Unit III
Avicenna (980): Aristotle‘s metaphysics and salvation. Union of science,
philos ophy and theology
Unit IV
a) St. Anselm (1033): Arguments for the Existence of God.
b) Peter Abelard (1079): Relation between Reason and Faith
References:
1. Fredrick Copleston — History of Philosophy Volume II — New York: Dover, 1962.
2. Fredrick Copleston — History of Philosophy Volume III — New York: Dover,
1963.
3. Anne Fremantle — The Age of Belief: The Medieval Philosophers — New York:
New American Library, 1962.
4. Etienne Gilson — The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy — Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1991.
5. Maurice De Wulf — History of Medieval Philosophy — Third edition, translated
by P. Coffey, London: Longaman 1909.

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6. H. O. Taylor — The Medieval Mind — London: Macmilla n, 1938.
7. W. T. Jones — The Medieval Mind — New York: Wadsworth, 1969.
8. St. Augustine — The Confessions of St. Augustine — Revised translation by J. M.
Lelen, Totowa, N.J.: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1997.
9. Lenn E. Goodman — Avicenna — Corn ell, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005.
10. St. Anselm — Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works — Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2008.
11. William Turner — Scholastic Philosophy: Roscelin to Alexander of Hales —
Areprint Service, 1903.
12. William T urner — Scholastic Philosophy: William of Ockam — Areprint Service,
1903.
13. John Marenbon — The Philosophy of Peter Abelard — Cambridge: Cambridge


d. GREEK, HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHY
Unit I
a) Plato: Dialectic; Virtues with special reference to l ove; justice.
b) Aristotle: Four causes; Virtues with reference to Friendship; Eudaimonism,
Unit II
a) Epicureanism: Physics, Cosmology, Ethics: The Happy Life in Accordance
with Nature.

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b) Stoicism:
A. Cynics: Diogenes
B. The Greco -Hellinistic Stoics (Zenon, Cleanthes and Chrysippos): Duty
and character formation; Natural Law
Unit III
a) The Roman Stoics I(Markus Aurelius, Epictetus): Ethics - Nature, The Sage
and Humanity, Virtue and Vice
b) The Roman Stoics II (Seneca, Cicero ): Natural Law, State and
Cosmopolitanism
Unit IV
a) Skepticism: Academic Skepticism, Pyrrhonian Skepticism, Sextus Empiricus
b) Neo-Platonism: Plotinus The One; Intellect, Being, Life; the Soul; Organization
of the Universe
References:
1. Annas, Julia.2000 Anc ient Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction Oxford:
Oxford University Press Aristotle. 1941. The Basic Works (trans. Richard
McKeon) Random House.
2. Aurelius, Marcus. 2003. Meditations: Living, Dying and the Good Life.
London: Weidenfield and Nicolson Cicero , Markus Tullius. 1960 Selected
Works London: Penguin Empiricus, Sextus.2000.
3. Outlines of Scepticism Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Gill, Mary
Louise and Pierre Pellegrin (ed). 2006.
4. Companion to Ancient Philosophy 15 Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Guthrie, W. K. C., 1975, 1978. A History of Greek Philosophy, Vols. IV and V,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Hamilton Edith and Huntington Cairns (eds.), 1989 The Collected Dia logues
of Plato, Princeton University Press. Long, A. A., 986, Hellenistic Philosophy:

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Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics, 2nd edition, London: Duckworth. 2002, Epictetus:
a Stoic and Socratic guide to life, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Osborne, Catherine. 2004 PreSocratic Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Oxford: Oxford University Press Ross W.D. 1951. Plato‘s Theory of Ideas,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951.
7. Sedley, David. 2003The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman
Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge Un iversity Press Vlastos, Gregory (ed.).
1970.
8. Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays: Ethics, Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor
Books.


e. JAINA METAPHYSICS
Unit I:

a. Problem of Substance as reconciliation between permanence and change, Jaina
Theory of substance as Permanence -cum -change,

b. Identity of Substance and Real, Definitions of Substance and Real

c. Substance, Quality and Modes. Difference -cm-identity between the three.

Unit II:
a. Anekantvada as a logical corollary of Jaina theory of Substance,
b. .Application of Anekantavada in Logic -Syadvada
c. Standpoint theory -Nayavada
Unit III:
a. Various Classifications of Substance: Jiva -Ajiva, Astikaya -Anastikaya, Rupi -Arupi
b. Nature, Characteristic s and Classification of Jiva,
c. Nature and Characteristics of Pudgala
Unit IV:
a. Dharmastikaya and Adharmastikaya - unique contribution of Jainism,
b. Akasha – Space or Vaccume?

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c. Kala - philosophical and mythological analysis.
References:
Primary Sources:
1. Tattvartha Sutra by Umasvati
2. Panchastikaya Sara Samgraha by Acarya Kundakunda,
3. Dravyasamgraha by Nemichandra.

Secondary Sources:
1 ‗Studies in Jaina Philosophy‘ by Nathmal Tatia pub. L.D. Institute Ahmedab ad, 1987.
2 ‗Theories of Reality‘ by Dr. Padmarajaiah
3 ‗Jaina Philosophy of Non -absolutism‘ by Dr. S. Mukerjee, Pub.Motilal Banarasidas,
1976.
4 ‗Jaina Path of Purification‘ by P.S. Jaini, Pub. Motilal Banarasidas, 1998.
5 ‗The Jaina Theory of Anekantavada‘ by B .K. Matilal, pub. L.D. Institute, Ahmedabad,
1980.
f. LATE MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Unit I
a) Averroes (1126): On science, Religion and secularism
b) Moses Maimonides (1138): Immortality and the Duty to God as the path to
immortality.
Unit II
St. Thomas Aquinas (1225): Proofs for the Existence of God, free will and God‘s
foreknowledge
Unit III
John Duns Scotus (1265): Separation of science and Religion, Theology Free Will
and problem of Individuality
Unit IV
William of Ockham (1287): Rejection of Universals. Rev ival of Nominalism

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References :
1. Fredrick Copleston — History of Philosophy Volume II — New York: Dover, 1962.
2. Fredrick Copleston — History of Philosophy Volume III — New York: Dover,
1963.
3. Anne Fremantle — The Age of Belief: The Medieval Philoso phers — New York:
New American Library, 1962.
4. Etienne Gilson — The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy — Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1991.
5. Maurice De Wulf — History of Medieval Philosophy — Third edition, translated
by P. Coffey, London: Longaman 1909.
6. H. O. Taylor — The Medieval Mind — London: Macmillan, 1938.
7. W. T. Jones — The Medieval Mind — New York: Wadsworth, 1969.
8. St. Augustine — The Confessions of St. Augustine — Revised translation by J. M.
Lelen, Totowa, N.J.: Catholi c Book Publishing Company, 1997.
9. Lenn E. Goodman — Avicenna — Cornell, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005.
10. Moses Maimonides — The Guide to the Perplexed — New York: Hackett
Publishing Company, 1995.
11. St. Anselm — Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works — Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2008. 12. Averroes — Decisive Treatise and Epistle Dedicatory —
Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2002.
13. Averroes — Averroes on Plato‘s Republic — Tran slated by Ralph Lerner, Cornell,
N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005. 17

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14. Duns Scotus — Philosophical Writings: A Selection — Translated by Allan
Wolter, New York: Hackett Publishing, 1987.
15. William Turner — Scholastic Philosophy: Roscelin to Alex ander of Hales —
Areprint Service, 1903. 16. William Turner — Scholastic Philosophy: William of
Ockam — Areprint Service, 1903.
17. John Marenbon — The Philosophy of Peter Abelard — Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. 18. St. Thomas Aquinas — Summa The ologica – Shorter Version —
Manchester, New Hampshire: Sophia Institute Press, 2001.
19. A. Hyman and J.J. Walsh (eds.) – Philosophy of the Medieval Ages: The
Christian, Islamic and Jewish Tradition – Indianapolis: Hackett, 1997

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g. Samkhya Metaphysics
Unit I
a) A brief Introduction of Samkhya as Dualistic Philosophy
b) Samkhya Theory of Satkarya (Samkhya Karikas : 9 to 14)
Unit II
Purusa – Prakrti – Dualistic Ontology (Karikas : 3,11 to 14, 17 to 19)
Unit III
Process of Evolution – Sarga (Karikas : 21 to 27 , 52, 53)
Unit IV
a) Threefold misery (Dukhatraya)
b) Bondage and Liberation (Karikas : 1 , 55 to 68)
Note : The Karikas listed above are to be studied from the text Samkhya Karika of
Isvarakrsna with Tattva Kaumudi of Sri Vacapati Misra.
Stud y book
1) Samkhya Karika of Isvarakrsna with the Tattva Kaumudi of Sri Vacapati Misra,
Sri Ramkrsna Math, Mylapore, Madras 600 004. Tr. Swami Virupakrinande
Reference book
1) Samkhya Karika of Isvarakrsna with the Commentary of Gaudapada : Tr. By T.G.
Mainkar, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthana, Delhi.

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h. SCHOOLS OF VEDĀNTA
Introduction: Critical study of the Major Upanisads and development of the major
views/schools of Vedānta
Unit I
Advaita Vedānta (Śankarāćārya)
Unit II
Viśistādvaita Vedānta (Rāmānujāćārya)
Unit III
Dvaita Vedānta (Madhwāćārya)
Unit IV
Śuddhādvaita Vedānta (Vallabhāćārya)
Note: These four schools of Vedānta to be studied with reference to:
a) Epistemology
b) Metaphysics
c) Psychology
d) Ethics and Religion
Books Recommended for Re ading
1. S.N. Dasgupta – A history of Indian Philosophy Vol. II, III, IV (Cambridge
University Press)
2. Dr. S. Radhakrisnan - A history of Indian Philosophy Vol. II (George Allen &
Unwin, U.K.) Books

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Recommended for Reference
1. Philosophy of Advaita – M.K.V. Iyer (Asia/Allied Publication
2. Sankara: A reappraisal – Dr. S.G. Mudgal (Motilal Banarasidas)
3. What is Advaita? - P. Shankaranarayana (Bharatiya Vidyabhavan, Mumbai)
4. Philosophy of Visistadvaita – P.N. Srinivasach ari (Adyar Library, Madras)
5. A Critical Study of Ramanuja‘s Philosophy – Dr. Anima Sengupta (Motilal
Banarasidas)
6. Philosophy of Ramanuja – J.N. Sinha (Sinha Publishing House, Calcutta)
7. Theology of Ramanuja – John Carman (Yale University Press)
8. Philosophy of Sri Madhvacarya – B.N.K. Sharma (Bharatiya Vidyabhavan,
Mumbai) 28
9. An Outline of Madhva Philosophy – K. Narain (Udayana Publications).
10. Dvaita Vedanta – T.P. Ramachandran
11. Shrimad Vallabhacharya: His Philosophy & Religion – J.G. Shah (Vaishnav Mitra
Mandal)
12. Philosophy of Vallabha school of Vedanta - K. Narain (Indological Research
Center, Durgakunda, Varanasi)

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i. SHAIVISM, SHAKTISM AND TANTRISM
UnitI
Historical Sketch : Agama and Nigama (S‘ruti) tradition : Origin and Development of
the Saiva and sakta traditions.
Unit II
The basic concepts of saivism and saktism : Siva, Sakti, Pasu, Pasupati, Vidya,
Avidya, Mala, Aava, Karma, Maya, Pasa, Moksa, Pramanas Pratyaksa, (including
Pratyabhijha), Aumana and Agama, These concepts will be discussed with special
reference to the following schools.
Unit III
Kasmira saivism : The thirty six categories of Kashmira Shaivism : The concepts of
svatantrya, and abhasa, The four fold upaya.
Unit IV
a) Tantra – Marga (Tantrism) : A general study.
b) Influence on and of Kashmir Shaivism
References :
1. Mishra, Kamalakar. Kashm ir Saivism: The Central Philosophy of Tantrism.
1st ed. Sri Garib Dass Oriental Series 248. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 1999.
2. Singh, Jaideva. Pratyabhijñāhdayam: The secret of Self -Recognition. Fourth.
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. 25
3. Sanderson, Alexis. ―Śaivism in Kashmir.‖Edited by Mircea Eliade.The
Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987.
4. Pandey, Dr. Kanti Chandra. Abhinavagupta: An historical and philosophical
Study. Vol. I.The Chowkhamba Snaskrit Series. Benare s: CHowkhamba
Sanskrit Series, 1935.

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Paper X Basket II :Thinkers
a) Acarya Kundakunda
b) Aristotle: Practical Philosophy
c) Gandhi
d) Heidegger (Later Philosophy)
e) Hume
f) J. Krishnamurti
g) Kant: Practical Philosophy
h) Nagarjuna
i) Plato: Moral Philosophy, Politics and Art
j) Rāmānuja
k) Śankara
l) Svatmarama: Hathayogapradipika
m) Wittgenstein


a. ACARYA KUNDAKUNDA

Unit I :
Philosophical heritage of Kundakunda and his position in the Jaina tradition.
Kundakunda‘s philosophy as a Radical Shift in Jaina Philosophy

Unit I I:
Major works of Kundakunda -
a) Pravacanasara, Niyamasara,
b) Pancastikayasara, Astapahuda

Unit III :
a) Study of Samayasara (with the help of two commentaries)
b) Introducing the duo of Niscaya -VyavaharaNaya

Unit IV :
Kundakunda‘s influence on the further Development of Jainism

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Reading List and References

1. AcaryaKundakunda‘sSamayasara (with English trans.and commentary
based upon Amratcandra‘sAtmakhyati), Ed. Chakravarti A. pub.
BharatiyaJnanapeeth, New Delhi, 1989.
2. AcaryaKundakunda‘sPravacanasara (with Amratcandra‘sTattvadipika),
Trans. & Ed. By FaddegonBarend, pub. Cambridge University Press,
London, 1935.
3. The Sacred Books of the Jainas Vol. IX, Niyamsara, Trans &Ed. By
SainUggar, Jagmanderlal Jain Memorial Series, Lucknow, 1931.
4. The Dialectic of Knowle dge and Reality in Indian Philosophy, by Shaha,
S.M., pub. Eastern Book Linkers, 1987.
5. Jain Philosophy and Religion, by Shah, Nagin J., pub. Motilal
Banarasidas,1998.
6. Jaina Ontology, by Dixit K.K., pub. L.D. Institute of Indology,
Ahmedabad, 1971.
7. Harml ess Souls, by Johnson, W. J., MotilalBanarsidas, Delhi, 1995.
8. The Jaina Path of Purification, by Jaini, Padmanabh S., MotilalBanarasidas,
Delhi, 1999.



b. ARISTOTLE: PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY
Unit I: Ethics A
a) Distinction between theoria, praxis, techne and poiesis.
b) Virtues -intellectual and moral; the doctrine of the mean; akrasia

Unit II: Ethics B

a) Eudaimonism and justice.
b) The Virtue of Friendship
c) Views on Women and Slavery (with special reference to his hierarchical
biology)

Unit III: Politics
a) Politics: politikê as a practical normative science; analogy between politics and craft
(techne); Criticism of Plato‘s social theory.

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b) Forms of government (kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, polity vs
democracy); rule of law; the city state as constitute d by oikos, demos and
citizens.

Unit IV: Aesthetics
a. Catharsis
b. Imitation
c. Rhetoric

References
Primary Texts by Aristotle:
Politics, Eudaeimonian Ethics, Nicomachean Ethics, Poetics, Prior Analytics and Posterior
Analytics

Secondary Sources:
1. W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy , Vols. IV and V, Cambridge
University
2. Kenny, Anthony. The Aristotelian Ethics : A Study of The Relationship between the
Eudemian and Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978
3. Kraut, Richard. ―Two Conceptions of Happiness.‖ Philosophical Review 88
(1979), pp. 167 -197.
4. –––. Aristotle: Political Philosophy . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2 002.
5. Mayhew, R. (2004). The Female in Aristotle's Biology , Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. Nussbaum, Martha C. The Fragility of Goodness . Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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c. GANDHI
Unit I
Gandhi‘s Critique of Modernity
a) Critique of science and technology
b) Critique of culture

Unit II
Gandhi‘s Moral Philosophy
a) Theory of Interdependence
b) Theory of unity in diversity

Unit III
Gandhi‘s Political Philosophy
a) Vision of non violent society
b) Gandhi on Nationalism

Unit IV
Relevance of Gandhi in Contemporary Times:
a) Gandhi and human rights
b) Gandhi and world peace


Note : This topic should be discussed with reference to constitutional rights in the
Indian context, national and international movements likeChipkoAndolan, Bhoodan
and Gramdan movements, The JP movement, role of SEWA, Narmada
BachaoAndolan , The African Americ an Struggle in the USA(Martin Luther King Jr)
Gandhi's disciple in the West: Shantidas (Lanza del Vasto) , "Servants of Peace",
Apartheid in South Africa and reaction/revolt(Nelson Mandela), The Third Way:
ThichNhatHanh and Cao Ngoc Phuong, Petra Kelly and the German Greens



Primary Source s
1. M.K. Gandhi (2008) ―My Experiments with Truth"

2. (1958) ., Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule, Ahmedabad: Navajivan
Publishing House.

3. (1958) "Sarvodaya" Ahmedabad, Navjivan

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Secondary Sources
1. Chandra Sudhir, Dependence and Disillusionment – Emergence of National
Consciousness in later 19th Century India , New Delhi: Manas Publications, 1975.
2. Desai, A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism , Bombay, Popular
Prakashan, 1948.
3. Dhawan, Gopinath , The Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi , New Delhi, The
Gandhi Peace Foundation, 1990. First Edition, 1946.
4. Gangrade, K.D., Kothari L.S., A.R.Verma (ed), Concept of Truth in Science and
Religion, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 2005.
5. Hardiman, David, Gandhi: In His Times and Ours , New Delhi: Permanent
Black, 2003
6. Parel, Anthony J (ed) (1997) Hind Swaraj and Other Writings , Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
7. Richard Glyn, The Philosophy of Gandhi: A study of His Basic Ideas , London and
Dublin: Curzon Press and Totowa, 1982.
8. V.Geetha (ed.) Soul Force , Chennai: Tara Publishing, 2004
9. Weber, Thomas, Gandhi, Gandhism, and Gandhians , New Delhi: Lotus
Collections, 2006.
10. Rattan,Ram., Gandhi's Concept of Political Obligation , Cal cutta, The Minerva
Associates,1972
11. Parekh, Bhikhu, Gandhi’s Political Philosophy – A critical examination , New
Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1995.
12. IyerRaghavan, The Moral and Political Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, Civilization,
Politics and Religion, New De lhi: Oxford University Press, 1991.
13. A. Raghurama raju (Ed), Debating Gandhi - A Reader , Oxford University Press,
2010.
14. K. S. Bharathi, Mah atma Gandhi - Man of Milleninium , S.Chand and Company,
New Delhi, 2000.
15. Homer A Jack (Ed) The Gandhi Reader : A Sourcebo ok of his Life and Writings,
Grove Press, 1994.

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d. HEIDEGGER (LATER PHILOSOPHY)
Unit I
The Turn: Relation to Humanism:
a)Critique of modernity and existentialist humanism
b) Redefinition of Humanism
c) Understanding the Human Being as ek -sistence and Da-sein rather than as an
existential subject.
Unit II
Relation to Western metaphysics:
a)Forgetfulness of Being and the Critique of Western Metaphysics
b)Redefining Metaphysics (c)Identity and Difference
Unit III
The question concerning Technology:
a)An e ngagement with Western tradition in the search for Being (Sein)
b)Techne and technology; poiesis
Unit IV
Art and Language:
a)Aesthetics as the end of art; The phenomenon of art
b) Language: Critique of representative language, Beyond Rede(discourse) to
language as the house of b eing; Poetic Language

Reading List
Primary Sources :
1. Heidegger, Martin. Identity and Difference . J. Stambaugh, trans. New York:
Harper & Row, 1969.
2. Poetry, Language and thought (Harper and Row: New York, 1971),
3. The End of Philosophy . J. Stambaugh, trans. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.
4. Nietzsche: The Will to Power as Art . David Farrell Krell, ed. and trans. New
York: Harper & Row, 1979.
5. Basic Writings Edited by David Farrell Krell (Routledge: London, 1993)
6. Pathmarks . William McNeill, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998

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7. Off the Beaten Path . J. Young and K. Haynes, eds. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2002.
8. Introduction to Metaphysics . G. Fried and R. Polt, trans. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2000.

Secondary Sources:
1. Bernasconi, Robert ―Heidegger‖ in A Companion to Aesthetics Edited by David
Cooper Oxford: Blackwell 1992
2. Cooper, David. Thinkers of Our Time: Heidegger London: Claridge Press, 1996.
3. Derrida, J., The Ear of the Other: Otobiography, Transference, Translation , C. V.
MacDonald (ed.), P. Kamuf and A. Ronell (trans.), New York: Schocken
Books, 1985.
4. ––– The Truth in Painting , G. Bennington and I. McLeod (trans.), Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1987 .
5. Dreyfus, Hubert &Harrison Hall (Ed) Heidegger: A Critical Reader U.S.A.:
Blackwell Publishers, 1993.
6. Inwood, Michael. Heidegger: A Very Short Introduction Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2002.
7. Steiner, George. Heidegger Fontana: London, 1978
8. Macquarie, John. Martin Heidegger John Knox Press: Richmond, 1968
9. Magee, Brian Men of Ideas Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1978
10. Megill, Allan. Prophets of Extremity - Nietzche, Heidegger, Foucault,
Derrida. Berkeley: University Of California Press, 1985.
11. Murray, Mich ael. Heidegger and Modern Philosophy: Critical Essays New Haven,
Yale University Press, 1978.
12. Polt, Richard. Heidegger: An Introduction Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.
13. Spiegelberg, Herbert. The Phenomenological Movement .MartinusNishoff:
Hague,1984
14. SundaraRajan, R. Essays in Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and Deconstruction
Indian council of Philosophical Research : New Delhi, 1991
15. Wolin, R. The Politics of Being: The Political Thought of Martin Heidegger , New
York: Columbia University Press, 1990.
16. Wei, Zhang . Heidegger, Rorty and the Eastern Thinkers: A Hermeneutics of Cross -
Cultural Understanding Albany: SUNY Press, 2007
17. Vinay Lal & Roby Rajan (ed) India and the Unthinkable Backwaters Collective on
Metaphysics and Politics New Delhi: OUP, 2016

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e. HUME
Unit I
1. Humean Empiricism
2. Scepticism.
Unit II
1. The problem of Causation.
2. The problem of Induction.
Unit III
1. Psychology
2. Foundations of Morality.
Unit IV
1. Hume‘s views on Aesthetics
2. Hume on Natural Religion.
Primary Reference:
1) Hume , A Treatise of Human Nature , edited by L. A. Selby -Bigge, 2nd ed.
revised by P.H. Nidditch, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
2) Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature , edited by David Fate Norton and Mary
J. Norton, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2000
3) Hume, Dialogues c oncerning Natural Religion , edited by Norman Kemp
Smith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19355. [Norton, David Fate (ed.), 1993.
4) Enquiry concerning Human Understanding , in Enquiries concerning Human
Understanding and concerning the Principles of Morals , edited by L. A. Selby -Bigge,
3rd edition revised by P. H. Nidditch, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
5) Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals , edited by L. A. Selby -Bigge, 3rd
edition revised by P. H. Nidditch, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975

Secondary Reference :
1. Norton, David Fate The Cambridge Companion to Hume , Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1993.
2. Norton, David Fate , David Hume: Common Sense Moralist, Sceptical
Metaphysician , Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

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f. J. KRISHNAMURTI
Unit I
a) Rejection of all organized religions and Truth as a Pathless land;
b) Problem of Violence and Conflict.
Unit II
a) Relationships within Individuals and Society – Comparison, Competition and
Exploitation
b) Hindrances to Self -knowing: Knowledge, Memory, Thought and Time
Unit III
a) Conditioning and Freedom from the Known.
b) The art of living: Living and Dying.
Unit I V
a) Inner revolution: Choiceless awareness - Sensitivity, Insight and Intelligence.
b) Education and the birth of a new mind.

Primary Reference s:
1. Krishnamurti J: Freedom from the known (Ed : Mary Lutyens) B.I.
Publication,
Bombay 1969.
2. Krishnamurti J: The Awakening of Intelligence, KFI Foundation Trust,
London, Krishnamurti, 1973.
3. Krishnamurti J: Tradition and Revolution, Sangam Books, 1972. Pres s,
4. Krishnamurti J: The Flight of the Eagle (1971, KFI), Paperback Edition,
Morning Light 2004.
5. Krishnamurti J: The First and Last Freedom (Relevant Chapters) Victor
Gollancz, London, 1961.
6. KrishnamurtiJ : Beyond Violence, KFI, 1970.
7. Krishnamurti J: The Way of Intelligence, Seminars in Delhi (1981), Madras
(1978) and talks of Buddhists (1978), KFI, 1985.
8. KrishnamurtiJ : Truth and Actuality, London, Victor Gollencz, 1978.
9. Krishnamurti J: You are the World, Madras, KFI 1992.

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10. Krishnamu rti J: Total Freedom N. Y. Harper San Fransisco, 1996.
11. Krishnamurti J and Bohm D : The Future of Humanity, A Conversation,
Madras, KFI 1987.
12. Krishnamurti, On Education, KFI, 2001.
13. Krishnamurti J, On Relationship, KFI and KFA, 1992.

Secondary Reference s:
1. Lutyens Mary: The years of Awakening, Avon Books, N.Y.1975.
2. Lutyens Mary (Compiled): The Penguin Krishnamurti Reader, Louis Braille
productions, 1992.
3. JayakarPupul, J. Krishnamurti : A Biography, Cambridge 1986.

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g. KANT: PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY
Unit I : Moral Philosophy
a) Good Will and its significance in maxims of morality
b) Hypothetical Imperative and Categorical imperative (3 Formulations)
c) Doctrine of virtue
Unit II : Political Philosophy
a) Right, Social Contract and Justice
b) Property
c) Cosmopolitanism and World Peace
Unit III : Aesthetics I
a) From Art Production to Reception
b) Reflective Judgements of Beauty
c) Purposiveness without purpose and sensuscommunis
Unit IV : Aesthetics II
a) Sublime in Mathematics and Nature
b) Teleology
c) Anthropological Implications (Race and G ender)

Reading List
Primary Sources:
1. Habermas, Jurgen. ‗Life -forms, Morality and the Task of the Philosopher‘,
interview by Perry Anderson and Peter Dews, in Autonomy and Solidarity ,
edited by Peter Dews, Verso, London, 1992

2. Kant, Immanuel (1788)1956. Critique of Practical Reason , trans. Lewis White
Beck. New York and London: Macmillan/Collier Macmillan.
3. Kant, I (1970) Political Writings , trans. H. Nisbit and ed. H. Reiss. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
4. --------- 1983 Perpetual Peace and Other Essa ys Indianapolis: Hackett
5. ----------- (1790)1987. Critique of Judgment, trans. Werner Pluhar. Indianapolis:
Hackett.
6. ----------- (1798A, 1800B).1996. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, trans.
Victor Lyle Dowdell. Carbondale &Eadwa rdsville: Southern Illinois University
Press.
7. Lyotard, Jean Francois.1994. Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime Stanford:
Stanford University Press

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8. Rawls, John. 1980. ‗Kantian Constructivism in Moral Philosophy‘, Journal of
Philosophy.
9. Strawson, P.F. 1966, The Bounds of Sense , London: Methuen.
Secondary Sources: Relevant articles from:
1. Bat-Ami Bar On Ed. 1994. Modern Engendering: Critical Feminist Readings
in Modern Western Philosophy . New York: State University of New York
Press.
2. Cazeaux, Clive. 2000. The Continental Aesthetics Reader . Routledge: London.
3. Guyer Paul. 1992. The Cambridge Companion to Kant . Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
4. Kelly Michael.1996. Encyclopedia of Aesthetics . Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
5. O‘Neill, Onora (1989) Constructions of reason: Exploration of Kant‘s
Practical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

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h. NAGARJUNA
Unit I
a) Historical and Philosophical Context of Nagarjuna
b) Major Works of Nagarjuna:
A. Mulamadhyamaka -Karika
B. VigrahaVyavartini
Unit II
Basic Tenets of Madhyamaka Philosophy, Nature of Lokasamvrtti and
Paramartha and their Interrelation
Unit III
a) Catuskoti as a Paradigm to deal with Metaphysical Questions
b) Nagarjuna‘s Critique of Pramanas
Unit IV
Nagarjuna‘s Influence on the further Developm ent of Buddhism


Reading List and References
1. The Dialectical Method of Nagarjuna: Vigrahavyavartini, Trans.& Annotated
by Kamaleshwar Bhattacharya, MotilalBanarasidas, Delhi, 1990.
2. Madhyamakasastra of Nagarjuna, Ed. Vaidya P.L. Bauddha Sanskrit Text
No.10 ,Mithila Institute, Darbhanga, 1960.
3. Prasannapada ofCandrakirti, Ed. by Vaidya P.L., Bauddha Sanskrit Text
No.10,Mithila Institute, Darbhanga, 1960.
4. Buddhist Thought in India, by Conze, E.,George Allen and Unwin
Ltd.London, 1962.
5. Early Buddhist Theory of Kn owledge, by Jayatilleke, K.N., George Allen and
Un win Ltd. London, 1963.
6. Buddhist Philosophy of Universal Flux, by Mookherji, S., MotilalBanarasidas,
Delhi, 1975.
7. Studies in the Origin of Buddhism, by Pande, G.C., Ancient History Research
Series 1, Univer sity of Allhabad, Allahabad, 1957.
8. Systems of Buddhistic Thought, by Sogen, Y., University of Calcutta, Calcutta,
1912.

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9. Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism, by Suzuki, D.T., Schoken Books, New York,
1970.
10. The Framework of Nagarjuna‘s Philosophy, by Padhye, A.M. , Sri Satguru
Publications, New Delhi, 1988.




i. PLATO: MORAL PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS AND ART
Unit I:
a) Virtue is knowledge ( Protagoras 319-20, 324, 328; Meno 87-89); Critique of
Hedonism and
Problem with the virtue of temperance ( Protagoras and Gorgias)
b) Callicles/ Thracymachus on Justice and Socrates‘ Concept of Justice ( Gorgias;
Republic)

Unit II:
a) Civil Disobedience ( Apology and Crito)
b) The State ( Republic)

Unit III:
a) Ideal and Defective Constitutions (Republic)
b) Rule of law (Statesman and The Laws).

Unit IV:
a) Aesthetics and Art Education( Republic, Phaedrus)
b) Love ( Eros) and Beauty ( Symposium )
c) Rhetoric and Poetry ( Republic and Phaedrus)
References:
1. W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy , Vols. IV and V, Cambridge
University Press, 1975, 1978.
2. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (eds.), The Collected Dialogues of Plato ,
Princeton University Press, 1989.
The following dialogues must be read:
a. Apology
b. Crito
c. Phaedo
d. Protagoras

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e. Gorgias
f. Republic
g. Theaetetus
h. Timaeus
i. Statesman
j. Symposium

3. W. D. Ross, Plato’s Theory of Ideas , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951.
4. Norman Gully, Plato’s Theory of Knowledge , London: Methuen, 1962.
5. R. E. Allen, Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics , New York: Humanities Press, 1965.
6. A. E. Taylor, Plato: The Man and his Works , London: Met huen, 1927; New York:
Dover, 2001.
7. George Klosko, The Development of Plato’s Political Philosophy , London:
Methuen, 1986.
8. Gregory Vlastos (ed.), Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays: Metaphysics and
Epistemology , Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1970.
9. Gregory Vlastos (ed.), Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays: Ethics , Garden City,
N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1970.
10. Gregory Vlastos, Platonic Studies , 2nd edition, Princeton University Press, 1981.
11. E. S. Belfiore, ‗Plato's Greatest Accusation against Poetry‘, Canadian Journal of
Philosophy , supp. 9 (1983): 39 -62.




j. RĀMĀNUJA
Unit I
a) Introduction: ŚrīVaisnavism and ViśistādvaitaVedānta
A. Meaning of Viśistādvaita
B. Tattvatraya (Relation of Brahman to ćit and aćit)

b) Epistemology:
A. Dharmabhūtajnāna
B. Sources of Knowledge
C. Theory of Error (Satkhyātivāda)

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Unit II
Parabrahman as Parmeśvara (Supreme Godhead):
a) Nature and Attributes of God
(Meaning of Saguna and Nirguna)
b) Brahman as the Sole Cause: Efficient, Material and Auxiliary
(Immanence and Transcendence of God)
c) Brahman as Bhuvanasundara
(Five forms of Parabrahman: Para, Vi bhaba, Vyuha, Antaryāmi, Arćā)

Unit III
Nature and Status of the World:
a) Satkāryavāda - Parināmavāda
b) Cri ticism of Śankara ‘sMāyāvāda

Unit IV
a) Self and Liberation:
A. Nature of Individual Self (Jivātman)
B. Plurality of Self
C. Types of Self: Baddha, Mukta and Nitya
D. Tat tvamasi

b) Pathway to God (Sādhanā):
A. Place of Jñāna, Karma and Bhakti
B. Bhakti, upāsanā and Sādhanasaptaka
C. Prapatti (Nyā savidyā): The Doctrine of Surrender (Śaranāgati)

References:
1. P. N. Srinivasachari – Philosophy of Visistadvaita – Adyar Library, Madras.
2. Dr. Anima Sengupta – A Critical Study of Ramanuja‘s Philosophy –
MotilalBanarsidas.
3. Swami Abidevananda (translator) – YatindramataDipika (of Srinivasdas) –
Text in Sanskrit with English translation, Ramakrishna Mission Publications,
Mysore.
4. Professor Yamunacharya – Ramanuja‘s Teachings in His Own Words –
BharaityaVidyaBhavan.
5. Eric Lot – God, Self and World in Ramanuja .
6. John Carman – Theology of Ramanuja .
7. Swami Adidevananda (translator) – Sri Bhasya (Original Text with
Translation in English), Ramakrishna Mission, Mysore.
8. J. N. Sinha – Philosophy of Ramanuja , Sinha Publishing House, Calcutt a.

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k. ŚANKARA

Unit I
a) Prasthānatrayi: Śankara‘s Commentary on Prasthānatrayi
b) Gaudapāda and his relation to Śankara
Unit II
a) Nature of Ultimate Reality
b) Para and Apara Brahman
c) Three levels of Existence and Four states of Experience
d) Criter ia of Truth and Theory of Error
Unit III
a) Avidyā, Māyā and Māyāvāda
b) Adhyāsa: Vivartavāda as Theory of causation
Unit IV
a) Concept of Self: Its Bondage and Liberation
b) SādhanaĆatustaya
c) JivanaMukti and VidehaMukti
d) Place of Ethics (Morality and Role of Action)
References:
1. Philosophy of Advaita – M.K. V. Iyer, Asia / Allied Publication.
2. Brahmavada of Sankara – Dr. Naulakh.
3. History of Indian Philosophy: Vol. II Nagpur
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan – George Allen andUnwin, U.K.
4. Vedantaparibhasa – Text with Eng. Tr. By – Swami Nikhilananda,
Ramkrishna Mission, Mysore.
5. The mind of Sankara, Keshav Men on (Jaico) A. History of Indian philosophy
Vol. II and III – Dr. S.N. Dasgupta.
6. Brahma sutra Bhasya – Text with Tr. By – Swami
VeereshwaranandaRamkrishna Mission, Mysore.
7. Philosophy of Sankara – Dr. Rao Vihari Das.
8. What is Advaita ? – P. Shankaranarayana – BharatiyaVidyaBhavan, Mumbai
9. Sankara : A Reappraisal - Dr. S.G. Mudgal – MotilalBanarasidas.
10. Philosophy of Advaita – By T.M.P. Mahadevan

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l. SVATMARAMA : HATHAYOGAPRADIPIKA

Unit I
Introduction: The purpose of Hatha Yoga, the nature of Hatha Yoga and its
relation to Rajayoga (Sutras ½ to 1/11, 1/14 to 1/16).

Unit II
Meditational Asanas : (Sutras 1/33, 1/34, 1/55, 1/56)
a) Siddhasana (sutras 1/35 to 1/43)
b) Padmasana (sutras 1/44 to 1/49)
c) Simhasana (su tras 1/50 to 1/52)
d) Bhadrasana (sutras 1/53 to 1/54)

Unit III: Cultural Asanas : (sutras 1/17 to 1/32)

Unit IV: Food : Its importance
a) Food, Mitahara / Moderate Diet (sutras 1/58, 1/59, 1/61)
b) Food Forbidden to Hatha sadhana (sutras 1/59 to 1/61)
c) Food Cond uctive to Hatha sadhana (sutras 1/62 to 1/63)

Note: The sutras listed above are to be studied from the text HathayogaPradipika
through Muktibodhananda‘scommentary guided by Swatmaram.
Book for Textual Study :
HATHA YOGA PRADIPIKA – Commentary by Muktibodhananda (Guided by
Swami SatyanandaSaraswati) – Bihar School of Yoga, Munger, 1998

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m. WITTGENSTEIN
Unit I
a) The Logical form of language; Fregean and Russellian influences.
b) On logical necessity and the truth -functional nature of language.

Unit II
a) The world as a totality of facts and proposition as a logical picture of reality.
b) Limits of language and limits of the world.

Unit III
a) Philosophy and language; Grammar, Language as rule following and the
notion of a language - game; Meaning as Use.
b) Critique of the private language argument and problem of other minds.

Unit IV
a) Wittgenstein‘s views on Ethics and Aesthetics, Religion and Psychology
b) Philosophy as therapy and the descriptive role of philosophy.
Primary Reference:
1. Wittgenstein L (1921), TractatusLogicoPhilosophicus, Translated by David Pears
and Brian McGuinness, London: Routledge, 1961.
2. Wittgenstein L, (1947), Philosophical Investigations, Translated by G. E. M.
Anscombe, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
3. Wittgenstein L, On Certainty, London: Wiley -Blackwell, 1991.
4. Wittgenstein L, Blue and Brown Books, New York: Harper Perennial, 1965.
5. Wittgenstein L, Wittgenstein: Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics,
Psychology and Religious Belief ,Berkeley: Univer sity of California Press, 2007.

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Secondary Reference:
1. Anscombe GEM, An introduction to Wittgenstein‘ s Tractatus, London: St.
Augustine‘s Press, 2001.
2. Black Max, A companion to Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus, Cambridge: Cornell
University Press, 1964.
3. Copi I (ed.), Essays on Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus, London: Routledge, 2005.
4. Kenny Anthony, Wittgenstein, London: Wiley -Blackwell, 2005.
5. Pears D, Wittgenstein, Cambridge, Mass, HarvardUniversity Press, 1986.
6. Pears D, Paradox and Platitude in Wittgenstein‘s Philo sophy, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2007.
7. Ayer A J, Wittgenstein , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
8. Winch Peter (ed.) Studies in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein, London,
Routledge, 1969.
9. Hacker PMS, Insight and Illusion: Themes in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein, St.
Augustines Press 1997.
10. Pitcher G, The Philosophy of Wittgenstein, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1964.
11. Sluga Hans and Stern David, The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein,
CambridgeUniversity Press, 1996.
12. Hunter JFM, Understanding Wit tgenstein: Studies in Philosophical
Investigations — Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1985.

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Paper XI Basket III: Logic and Epistemology
a) Advanced Indian Epistemology
b) Advanced Western Epistemology
c) Aristotle - Epistemology
d) Buddhist Epistemology
e) Jaina Epistemology
f) Kant - Epistemology
g) Nyaya Epistemology
h) Plato - Epistemology
i) Symbolic Logic (First -order Sentential Logic)
j) Traditional Logic
k) Yoga Epistemology


a. ADVANCED INDIAN EPISTEMOLOGY
Unit I :
a) Inter‐relation between Pramata, Prameya and
Pramana
b) Nagarjuna‘s critique of Pramanas, Pramana ‐samplava
and Pramana ‐viplava.
Unit II :
a) Epistemic status of Intuition ‐ Self knowledge and God knowledge.
b) Theories of Pramanya ‐ Svatah and Paratah Pramanyavada

Unit III
a) Pratyaksha – Polemics among Nyaya, Buddhist and Jaina Schools.
b) Anumana ‐ Polemics among Nyaya, Buddhist and Jaina Schools.

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Unit IV
a) Sabda‐ debate between Rationalist and Exegetical schools.
b) Other Pramanas: Upamana, Arthapatti and Anupalabdhi .

Reading List
1. Buddhist Logic – T. Scherbatsky Vols. I & II (New Delhi: Motilal
Banarasidas,1994) Buddhist Logic and Epistemology Ed by B.K. Matilal and
Robert E. Evans (Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982). .Buddhist
Logic – Dr. Lata S. Bapat ( Bhartiya Vidya Prakashan, 1989.)
2. Indian Logic in Early Schools – H. N. Randle (Oriental Books Reprint
Corporation 1976) Akalankas Criticism of Dharma Kirti;s Philosophy – Nagin
J. Shah Ahmedabad : L.D. Institute, 1967.)
3. The Philosophy of Nyaya – Vaiesika a nd its conflict with the Buddhist
Dinnaga School - D. N. Shastri (New Delhi : Bhartiya Vidya Prakashan, 1976)
4. The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge – S.C. Chatterjee (Calcutta: University of
Calcutta Pub. 1950)
5. The Six Ways of Knowing – D. M. Datta (Calcuuta : U niversity of Calcutta
Pub., 1975 ‗Mimamsa Theory of Knowledge ‗G.P. Bhatt. ‗Presuppositions of
Indian Philosophies‘, Karl H. Potter. ‗Doctrines and Arguments in Indian
Philosophy‘,: Ninian Smart.
6. ‗Theories of Error in Indian Philosophy; Bijayanand Kar. Recollection,
Recognition and Reasoning: Study of Jaina Theory of Paroksa Pramana, by
Prof. Antarkar, Prof. Gokhale and Dr.. Katarnikar, Satguru Publications, New
Delhi, 2011.



b. ADVANCED WESTERN EPISTEMOLOGY

Unit I : The Sceptical Challenge
a) Ancient Greek: Academic and Pyrrohnian
b) Modern: Cartesian & Humean. Ayer‘s characterization of the skeptic.
c) Attempts to meet the skeptical challenge: Moore, Malcolm

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Unit II : Justification of Knowledge Claims
a) Foundationalism
b) Coherentism
c) Reliabilism (Externalism) and Lehrer‘s critique of externalism and
internalism.
Unit III : Apriori Knowledge
a) The synthetic a priori (Kant, Ewing)
b) Analytic A priori (Ayer, C.I. Lewis)
Unit IV : Social Knowledge
a) Goldman: Social Epistemology
b) Apel: Objectivity and transc endental community
References:
1. K.O.Apel. 1980. Towards a Transformation of Philosophy (Routledge and
Kegan Paul: London)
2. A.J.Ayer. 1956. The Problem of Knowledge (Penguin: Middlesex) Laurence
Bonjour. 1997. A Defense of Pure Reason: A Rationalist Account of a Priori
Justification. (CambridgeUniversity Press: Cambridge)
3. Roderick M. Chisholm. 1977. Theory of Knowledge (Prentice Hall: New
Delhi) Jonathan Dancy (Ed) 1988 Perceptual Knowledge. (OxfordUniversity
Press: Oxford) Jonathan Dancy. 1994. Conte mporary Epistemology.
(OxfordUniversity Press: Oxford)
4. Jonathan Dancy and Ernest Sosa (Ed) 1994. A Companion to Epistemology
(Blackwell: Oxford) Paul Edwards (Ed) 1969. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(Routledge: London) D.W. Hamlyn. 1971. Theory of Knowle dge. (Doubleday:
London) Philosophy of Perception. (Routledge and Kegan Paul: London)
5. Keith Lehrer. 1990. Theory of Knowledge. (Routledge: London) Louis Pojman
(Ed) 1999. Theory of Knowledge: Classical and Contemporary Readings.
(Wadsworth :Belmont) A. Wo ozley. 196‘. Theory of Knowledge

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c. ARISTOTLE: EPISTEMOLOGY
Unit I
a) The subject matter of metaphysics: being qua being and knowledge for the
sake of knowledge and first principles,
b) Critique of Presocratean Thought and Plato's Theory of Forms,
Unit II
a) The Categories
b) The notion of substance and the priority of substance over the other
categories,
c) Potentiality and Actuality.
Unit III
a) The nature of deduction (Prior Analytics)
b) Induction and scientific method (Posterior Analytics)
Unit IV
a) The nature of the soul (De Anima)
b) Matter and Form
c) Reason and Emotion


Book List
Primary Texts by Aristotle :
Metaphysics, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, De Anima,

Secondary Literature :
1. Ackrill, J. L. 1963. Aristotle: Categories and De Interpretatione. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
2. Ackrill, J. L., 1972. ―Aristotle's Definitions of Psyche.‖ Proceedings of the
Aristotelian Society
3. Annas, J., 1976. Aristotle: Meta physics Books M and N. Oxford: Clarendon
Press
4. Aquinas, Thomas 1961. Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Rowan, J.P.
(trans.), Notre Dame: Dumb Ox Press.
5. Bambrough R. (ed.), 1965. New Essays on Plato and Aristotle. London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul.

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6. Barn es, Jonathan. 2000. Aristotle‖: A Very Short Introduction Oxford: Oxford
University Press
7. Brentano, Franz. On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle, George, R. (trans.
and ed.), Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.
8. Düring I and Owen G.E.L (Ed) 1960 Aristotle and Plato in the Mid -Fourth
Century. Göteborg.
9. Ross, W.D. 1923 (1995) Aristotle London and New York: Routledge
10. Ross, W. D. (1949). Aristotle's Prior and Posterior Analytics: A Revised Text
with Introduction and Commentary, Oxford: The Clarendon Press.



d. BUDDHIST EPISTEMOLOGY

Unit I
a) Repudiation of Logic and Epistemology : Early Buddhism
b) Reconstruction of Epistemology -Approach of the Realistic and Idealistic
Schools of Buddhism
Unit II
a) Nagarjuna‘s Scepticism: Dialectics of Pramana and Prameya.
b) The Copernican revolution introduced by Dinnaga.
Unit III
a) Theory of Perception:
A. The Difference between Vaibhasika and Sautrantika Schools.
B. The Nature and Definition of Perception: Dinnaga and Dharmakirti .
b) Theory of Inference, Definition of Inference and Nature of Perceptual
Judgement
c) Nature, Definition and Classification of Universal Concomitance.
Unit IV
a) Syllogism and Fallacies
b) Theory of Universals: Apoha vada.

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Reference Books:
1) Buddhist Logic – T. Scherbatsky Vols. I & II (New Delhi: Motilal Ba narasidas,
1994)
2) Buddhist Logic and Epistemology Ed by B.K. Matilal and Robert E. Evans
(Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982).
4) Indian Logic in Early Schools – H. N. Randle (Oriental Books Reprint 38
Corporation 1976)
5) Akalankas Criticism of Dharma Kirti;s Philosophy – Nagin J. Shah (Ahmedabad :
L.D. Institute, 1967.)
6) Indian Logic in the Early Schools – H. N. Randle (New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal, 1976).
7) The Philosophy of Nyaya – Vaiesika and its conflict with the Buddhist Dinnag a
School D. N. Shastri (New Delhi : Bhartiya Vidya Prakashan, 1976)
8) The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge – S.C. Chatterjee (Calcutta: University of
Calcutta Pub. 1950)
9) The Six Ways of Knowing – D. M. Datta (Calcuuta : University of Calcutta Pub.,
1975 10)Recollection, Recognition and Reasoning: Study of Jaina Theory of Paroksa
Pramana, by Prof. Antarkar, Prof. Gokhale and Dr.. Katarnikar, Satguru
Publications, New Delhi, 2011.



e. JAINA EPISTEMOLOGY
Unit I
a) Jaina Definition of Pramana, Characteristics of Pramana , Five types of
knowledge Various classifications of knowledge, classical and contemporary,
into Pratyaksa and Paroksa,
b) Special understanding of Mati‐jnana
Unit II
a) Pratyaksa ‐
A. Theory of Samvyavaharika pratyaksa
B. Sub types of Mukhya Pratyaksa : Avadhi, Manahparyaya, Kevala –
jnana
b) Concept of Sarvjna, Controversy about its pos sibility.

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Unit III
a) Smrti, Pratyabhijna
b) Tarka: Nature and Definition of Inductive Reasoning – Its Status as a type of
knowledge
Unit IV :
a) Anumana ‐ Theory of inference – for oneself and for others, Different
Approach towards Hetu, Paksa and vyapti
b) Verbal Testimony

Books for Reference:
Primary Sources :
1. Prameya Kamalamartanda of Prabhacandra Ed. Mahendra Kumar Nyayacarya
Bombay, Nirnayasagara Press 1941.
2. Pramana – mimamsa of Hemachandra : Ed. S. Mukerjee and N. Tatia Pub by: Tara
publications, Varanasi, 1970.
3. Jaina Tarka Bhasa of Yasovijaya – Tr by Dayanand Bhargava, Pub by: Motilal
Banaridas, Delhi 1973.
Secondary Sources :
1. Jaina Logic and Epistemology – H. M. Bhattacharya Pub by: K.P. Bagchi and
company, Calcutta 1994
2. Jaina concept of Omniscience – by Ramjee Singh 39 Published by L.D. Institute of
ideology Ahmedabad, 1974, 1st edition.
3. Jaina theory of Perception – Pushpa Bothra Published by – Motilal Banarasidas,
New Delhi , 1996, 1st Edition
4. Akalanka – Granthatrayam by Akalanka, Ed. by Mahendra – Kumar Shastri, Singh
Jaina Granthamala Ahmedabad, 1939.
5. An Epitome of Janism by P.C. Nahar and K.C. Ghosh Calcutta 1917.
6. Indian Logic in the Early Schools, by H.N. Rand le, London 1930.
7. The Nyaya Theory of knowledge by S.C. Chatterjee, Calcutta University, 1939.
8. Buddhist Logic – Vol. I and II by Th. Stcherbatsky.

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9. Studies in Jaina Philosophy by Nathmal Tatia Pub. By Jaina Cultural Research
Society, Banaras 1951.
10. Recollection, Recognition and Reasoning: Study of Jaina Theory of Paroksa
Pramana, by Prof. Antarkar, Prof. Gokhale and Dr.. Katarnikar, Satguru
Publications, New Delhi, 2011.



f. KANT - EPISTEMOLOGY
Unit I: Kant‘s Tr anscendental/Critical Project
a) Beyond Rationalism and Empiricism; Phenomena and the Noumenon;
Copernican revolution
b) Analytic and Synthetic Judgements; the Synthetic apriori judgments in
Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Metaphysics
c) What is transcendental philosophy?
Unit II: Sensibil ity and the Categories of Understanding
a) Space and time as apriori Intuitions
b) The metaphysical and transcendental deduction of categories
c) The twelve categories of understanding and forms of judgement
Unit III : Proofs for the categories, Schematism and the Self
a) The axioms of intuition, analogies of experience and postulates of empirical
thought
b) Schematism between perception and categories
c) Transcendental Unity of Apperception
Unit IV : The Transcendental Dialectic
a) Speculative metaphysics and the natura l dialectic of pure reason
b) Paralogisms: Critique of Rational Psychology
c) Critique of Rational Cosmology: Antinomies
d) Critique of Rational Theology: Critique of the Arguments for the existence of
God

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Reading List
Primary Sources :
1. Kant, I mmanuel. Critique of Pure Reason (trans. and ed.) Paul Guyer and
Allen W. Wood (1997) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
2. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason (trans.) Norman Kemp Smith (1965)
New York: St. Martin‘s Press Secondary Sources: Allison, H. E. (2004)

Secondary sources
1. Kant's Transcendental Idealism (revised and enlarged edition). New Haven:
Yale University Press Ameriks, Karl (2000)

2. Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
3. Beck, L.W. (1974) (ed.) Kant's Theory of Knowledge. Dordrecht: Re idel
Guyer, Paul (1987) Kant and the claims of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
4. Kemp, J. (1968) The Philosophy of Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. Korner, S. (1967) Kant. New York: Cambridge Universit y Press
6. Parrini, Paolo (1994) ―On Kant‘s Theory of Knowledge.‖ In Kant and
Contemporary Epistemology (ed.) Paolo Parrini. Dordrecht: Kulwer
Academic Publishers, pp.195 -230
7. Randall, Allan F. In Defence of Transcendental Idealism: A Reconstruction of
Kant 's Transcendental Deduction of the Categories (B Edition). Toronto:
Dept. of Philosophy, York University

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g. NYAYA (EPISTEMOLOGY)
Unit I:
a) Historical and Philosophical Introduction of Nyaya, Prachin and Nvya -
Nyaya. Concept of Mangalam and Anubandha Chatustaya,
b) Works dealing with the sixteen epistemological ―categories‖ of Gautama and
Kanada. Status of Nyaya among other Astika Darshanas, Conc ept of Realism
of Nyaya.
Unit II :
a) Theory of Definition: Fallacies of Definition: Avyapti, Ativyapti and 35
Asmabhava.
b) Concept of Jnana in Nyaya – Vaishesika School: its nature, content and truth
value, Concept of Pramana.
Unit III :
Pratyaksa: Definati on, Nature, Classification. Perceptual Error - AnyathaKhyati.
Unit IV :
Anuman: Defination, nature, Classification and Hetvabhasa. Shabda and
Upamana

Reading List:
1 ‗Tarakasangraha‘ of Annambhatta with the author‘s own ‗Dipika‘ Revised and
Enlarged Se cond Editors: Athalye, Y.V. and Bodes M.R. (Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute, Pune).
2. ‗Critique of Indian Realism‘ – Dharmendra Nath Shastri (Agra University, Agra).
3. ‗The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge‘ – Satishchandra Chatterjee (University of
Calcutta, Calcutta).
4 ‗The Navya – Nyaya Doctrine of Negation‘ – Bimal Krishna Matilal (Harvard
University Press – Cambridge, Massachusetts).
5. Chapters IX and X from Jadunath Sinha‘s ‗A Hist. of Ind Phil: Vol. I. Chapter II:
from S. Radhakrishnan‘s Indian Philosophy‘. Vol. II. Chapter VIII : from Dasgupta‘s ‗
A Hist. of Ind. Phil. Vol. I.
6. ‗The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies‘, Vol. II (Nyaya – Vaishesika) editor:
Karl H. Potter

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h. PLATO: EPISTEMOLOGY
Unit I: Theory of Ideas/Forms
a) Socratic search for universal definitions and emergence of theory of
Ideas/Forms (Euthyphro, Meno).
b) Theory of Ideas/Forms – the form of the Good (Phaedo 65 -66; Symposium
211; Republic 100 –101, 472)
c) Criticism of the theory of Ideas/Forms(Parmenides)
Unit II : Concept of soul
a) The tri -partite division of the soul and the supremacy of reason (Republic)
b) The immortality of the soul (Phaedo, Phaedrus)
Unit III: Ontology and Cosmology
a) Ontology the nature of the real; being and thought (Republic, T imaeus,
Sophist)
b) Cosmology: the creation doctrine (Timaeus).
Unit IV : Theory of Knowledge
a) Ascendancy of knowl edge and knowledge of Forms (Theaetetus; Republic).
b) Opinion, true belief, knowledge and knowledge by recollection (Phaedo 73 -6;
Meno 71 -3; Theaetetus 182; Republic 477ff, 509 -11, 514 -17, 533; Timaeus 49 -50)
c) Error; false judgement( Theaetetus 187 -200; Sophists 233 -41; 258; 262 -3).
Book List:
1. W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, Vols. IV and V, Cambridge
University Press, 1975, 1978.
2. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (eds.), The Collected Dialogues of Plato,
Princeton University Press, 1989.
The following dialogues must be read: a. Phaedo b. Meno c. Protagoras d. Gorgias
e. Symposium f. Republic g. Theaetetus h. Timaeus i. Parm enides j. Statesman k.
Sophist
3. W. D. Ross, Plato‘s Theory of Ideas, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951.
4. Norman Gully, Plato‘s Theory of Knowledge, London: Methuen, 1962.
5. R. E. Allen, Studies in Plato‘s Metaphysics, New York: Humanities Press, 1965.
6. A. E. Taylor, Plato: The Man and his Works, London: Methuen, 1927; New York:
Dover, 2001.

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7. George Klosko, The Development of Plato‘s Political Philosophy, London:
Methuen, 1986.
8. Gregory Vlastos (ed.), Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays: Metaphysics and
Epistemology, Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1970.
9. Gregory Vlastos (ed.), Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays: Ethics, Garden City,
N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1970.
10. Gregory Vlastos, Platonic Studies, 2nd edition, Princeton University Press, 1981.
11. E. S. Belfiore, ‗P lato's Greatest Accusation against Poetry‘, Canadian Journal of
Philosophy, supp. 9 (1983): 39 -62.


i. SYMBOLIC LOGIC (FIRST -ORDER SENTENTIAL LOGIC)
The Objectives of this paper is to master various techniques involved in First Order
Sentential Logic at a higher level. To master the theory underlying these techniques.
Unit I
Basic concepts Involved in first – order sentential logical (Ref. Irving M. Co pi –
‗Symbolic Logic‘ Ch. 1 and 2.) Natural Deduction System.
Unit II
Rules of Inference and Rules of Replacement, Copi‘s list; ―Incompleteness‖ of the
nineteen rules, Metatheorem to be proved.
Unit III
Rule of Conditional Proof and Rule of Indirect Proof ; Reduction ad Absurdum
technique.
Unit IV
Conjunctive Normal Form and Disjunctive Normal Form; Notion of Truth –
function, its definition and kinds.
Books for References:
1. ‗Symbolic Logic – Irving Copi, 5th Edition, Colleier Macmillan Publishers,
London, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
2. ‗Introduction to Logic – Patrick Suppes‘, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York,
London, Toronto, Melbourne, Affiliated East – West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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j. TRADITIONAL LOGIC A
The objective of this paper is to introduce the elements of Aristotelian logic.
Note: Only the students having no background in Traditional or Propositional Logic
are allowed to opt for this paper.
Unit I
a) Definition and scope of logic: Various Definitions of logic, Formal and
Material logic, Scope of logic;
b) Logic as science of Form, The fundamental principles of logic;
c) Inference: Valid arguments / sound arguments, deductive (formal) and
inductive (non -formal) inferences;
d) Truth and validity.
Unit II: Proposition
a) Analysis of a Logical proposition.
b) Traditional Classification:
A. Division according to relation: Categorical and Conditional;
B. Division according to quality: Affirmative and Negative;
C. Division according to quantity: Universal and Particular;
c) Forms of Propositions: According to Quality and Quantity --- A, E, I, O;
Distribution of Terms Modern Classification: Distinction between a
Proposition and Sentence; Kinds of Propositions: Simple and Compound
Propositions, Singular and general Propositions.
Unit III
a) Opposition or Proposition: Different forms of opposition: Subalternation ,
Contrary, Sub -contrary and Contradictory;
b) The Square of Opposition.
Unit IV
a) Inference: Mediate and Immediate inference;
b) Definition – Educton; Conversion, Obversion, Contr aposition
References:
1. Introduction to logic, Copi Irving,MacMillan Pub. Co., New York.
2. Symbolic logic, Copi Irving, MacMillan Pub. Co., New York.
3. Introduction to logic, Suppes Patrick, East West Press Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
4. Elements of logic, J. Sta Maria, New Literature Pub. Co., Mumbai.
5. Symbolic Logic – Irving Copi, 5th Edition, Colleier Macmillan Publishers,
London, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
6. ‗Introduction to Logic – Patrick Suppes‘, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New
York.

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k. Yoga Epist emology
Unit I
Epistemology dimension of Patanjali‘s Yoga: Concepts of Pramater, Pramaya,
Pramiti and Pramana ; notion of pramana, systems - relative; Pratyaksa, Anumana
and Agama as three pramanas; their details through Vyasabhasya an Vachaspati‘s
gloss, Epistemology intertwined with psychophysiology in Patanjali‘s system;
Knowledge arising through chittttavrttis, ashraya/locus of Knowledge being chitta (
Analysis of sutra 1/7)
Unit II
Knowledge a function of Chittabhoomi ; details of the nature of chitta and
chittabhoomis; nature of virttis an difference among them in relation to the three
gunas; analysis of patanjalis‘s definition of ‗Yoga‘ ; notions of Samprajnate and
Asamprajnate samadhis getting involved in the definition notions of
Dharmamaghadhyana and Paramprasankhyanan (Analysis of Sutra 1/1)
Unit III
Discriminative knowledge; faculty of Discriminative knowledge ; relation and
distinction between Chitishakti an sattavagunatmaka chiita; shobhana, Ashobhana
Svaroopavastha and saroopyam Avasthabhasa; Knowledge/Consciousness during
Vyutthanavastha of the ch itta-a continuous change, the two ‗fundamentum
divisions‘ for types of vrttis – the five –fold and the two -fold (Analysis of sutras ½ to
1/6 ; 1/8 to 1/11)
Unit IV
Knowledge of Visayas to be curbed through vrttinirodha; Abhayasa an vairagya;
definition an d nature of ‗Abhyasa‘; definition, nature & kinds of vairagya (Analysis
of sutras 1/12 to 1/16)
Note : The sutras listed above are to be studied through Vyasabhasya and Mishra‘s
vritti.

40 marks Practicals/ Project work :
Technique for Practicals :
a) Mindf ul Meditation on Cognitive states s/ Knowing states of mind, that is
chittavrttis – Ten minutes
b) Mediation on Vishayavati prasvrtti, i.e. Sattvikarvrtti of chitta to know (Y.S.
1/35) – Ten minutes
c) Meditation on Vishokarvrtti – knowing and Sattvika feeling full of peace and
harmony (Y.S. 1/36) Ten minutes

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d) Yonimudra or Shanmukhimudra for training of sences by way of Pratyahare
training or Withdrawal of senses, Regulation of Senses – Ten minutes
e) Techniques for Training for Perception – Jyoti Trataka – visual
Nishapandabhava – Auditory ; Anahata nada or Nadanusandhana –
Auditory; Jivhagra/ Tip of the Tongue – Gustatory; Nasikagra - Olfactory;
Kaparandhra – dhouti – Thermal
f) Hand Mudras –Chin mudra, Chinmayi, Jnana Mudra, Padma Medra, Etc.

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Paper XII Basket IV : Socio -Political and Religio -Spiritual Thought
a. Buddhist Text Study
b. Comparative Religion
c. Contemporary Political Thought
d. Islamic Philosophy
e. Jainism Text Study
f. Jnaneshwar
g. Modern Political Thoug ht
h. Philosophy of Religion
i. Sufism -Politics & Culture
j. Vallabha
k. Yoga Text Study


a. BUDDHIST TEXT STUDY
Selected Passages from ―Milind Prasna‖ (Trans. By I.B. Horner, Lezac Co. Ltd.
London, 1964)



b. COMPARATIVE RELIGION
Unit I : Beginning of Religious Thought
a) Primal Religion: Shamanism and Animism
b) Ancient Religions: Egyptian, Canaanite, Greek.
Unit II : The Prophetic Tradition:
a) Semitic: Judaism, Christianity, Islam.
b) Iranian: Zoroastrianism, Baha‘i Faith.
Unit III : Living Religions of the East:
a) Indian: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism.
b) Chinese/Japanese: Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism.

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Unit IV : Non -Traditional Religious beliefs:
a) African: Yoruba, Nuer, Zulu.
b) American: Mormonism, Jehovah‘s Witness. Christian Scientology.
Bibliography
1. Schade, Johannes P. (ch. ed) (2006) Encyclopedia of World Religions. Concord
Publishing
2. Masih, Y. (2010, fifth edn) A Comparative Study of Religions. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass
3. Tiwari, K.N. (1983 reprint) Comparative Religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
4. Smith, Huston (2009) The World’s Religions (ed. 2) HarperCollins
5. Smith, Huston (2009) Forgotten Truth: The Common Vision of the World’s
Religions . HarperOne
6. Breuilly, Elizabeth, Joan O‘Brien and Martin Palmer (2005) Religions of the
World: The Illustrated Guide to Origins, Beliefs, Traditions & Festivals . Checkmark
Books
7. Nicholson, Reynold A. (1914) The Mystics of Islam . London: G. Bell and sons,
ltd
8. R. Martin, M. Woodward and D. Atmaja (2011) Defenders of Reason in Islam
(Oxford: Oneworld Publi cations)
9. Oxtoby, William G. and Segal, Alan F., eds. (2007) A Concise Introduction to
World Religions (Ontario: Oxford University Press
10. Coogan, Michael D (ed.) (2003) World Religions (New York, NY: Oxford
University Press
11. D‘Costa, Gavin (ed.) (1990) Christian Uniqueness Reconsidered: The Myth of
a Pluralistic Theology of Religions (Maryknoll: Orbis Books)
12. Hick, John (2003) The Rainbow of Faiths: A Christian Theology of Religions
(Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press
13. Fasching, Darrell, and Del l deChant. (2001) Comparative Religious Ethics: A
Narrative Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
14. Green, Ronald. (1988) Religion and Moral Reason: A New Method for
Comparative Study . Oxford: Oxford University Press
15. Little, David, and Sumner Twiss (1978) Comparative Religious Ethics: A New
Method . San Francisco: Harper and Row
16. Neusner, Jacob, and Bruce Chilton, eds. (2005) Altruism in World Religions.
Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press
17. Maguire, Daniel (1993) The Moral Core of Judaism and Chris tianity .
Minneapolis: Fortress Press
18. Aslan, Reza (2005) No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of
Islam . New York: Random House
19. Esack, Farid (1997) Qur‘an, Liberation and Pluralism: An Islamic Perspective
of Interreligious Solidarity against O ppression. Oxford: Oneworld
Publications

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20. Mutahhari, Murtaza (1985) Fundamentals of Islamic Thought: God, Man and
the Universe . Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press
21. Qutb, Sayyid (2006) Basic Principles of the Islamic Worldview . North
Haledon, NJ: Islamic Publications International
22. Adler, Rachel (1999) Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics .
Boston: Beacon Press
23. Fishbane, Michael (1987) Judaism: Revelation and Traditions . New York:
HarperCollins
24. Steinberg, Milton (1975) Basic Judaism . New York: Harcourt, Brace
Jovanovich
25. Conze, Edward (1975) Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. San
Francisco: Harper & Row
26. de Bary, William Theodore (1969) The Buddhist Tradition in India, China, and
Japan . New York: Vintage Books
27. Rahula, Walpola (19 74) What the Buddha Taught. New York: Grove Press
28. Fisher Mary Pat (2002) Living Religions . (5th.ed). New York: Prentice -Hall
Inc
29. Fisher Mary Pat, Lee W. Bailey (2000) An Anthology of Living Religions . New
York: Prentice Hall
30. Voorst Van Robert E. (2000) Anthology of World Scriptures . Wadsworth
Publishing Company
31. Beaver Pierce R., Bergman Jan, et al (1992) A Lion Handbook The World‘s
Religions , Oxford: Lion Publishing plc.
32. Ninian Smart (1989) The World‘s Religions, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
33. Eastman Roger (ed.) (Second Edition -1993) The Ways of Religion - An
Introduction to the Major Traditions , New York, Oxford, Oxford University
Press.
34. John R. Hinnells (ed.) (1996) A New Handbook of Living Religions , London:
Penguin Books.
35. Zaehner R.C. (ed.) (Fo urth Edition - 1988) The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of
Living Faiths , Oxford, Hutchinson Ltd.
36. Gangchen Lama T.Y.S. (2001) Major Religions in Contemporary World , Milan,
Delhi: Author‘s Press.
37. Huston Smith (1997) The World‘s Religions , New Delhi: Harper Collins .
38. Fellows Ward J. (1979) Religions East and West , New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston.
39. Morgan Diane (2001) The Best Guide to Easter Philosophy and Religion , Los
Angeles: Renaissance Books.
40. Hawkins Bradley K. (2004) Asian Religions , London: Pearson Longman

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c. CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL TH OUGHT
Unit I :Theories of Justice
a) Entitlement Approach: Nozick
b) Fairness Approach: Rawls
c) Capabilities Approach:Sen/Nussbaum
Unit II : Justice and Social Recognition: Ambedkar
a) Analysis of Caste System and the Need to Abolish it
b) Social Revolution as a precondition for Political Revolution
c) Fair Representation in Institutions to the Oppressed Castes
Unit III : Multiculturalism: Parekh/Taylor/Kymlick a
a) Critique of Liberalism
b) Differentiated citizenship or Location and Identity and cultural politics
c) Gendered critique of multiculturalism (Susan Okin and Nira Yuval Davis)
Unit IV : Neo - Marxism: Marcuse
a) Critique of Advanced Indu strial Societies
b) Basic and Surplus Repression: Beyond Marx‘s economism to Freud
c) Art and Women with Revolutionary Potential

Primary Sources:
1. Ambedkar, B.R. 1990. Annihilation of Caste . New Delhi: Arnold Publications
2. Arendt, Hannah. 1958. The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press. Dworkin, Ronald, 1977. Taking Rights Seriously Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
3. Guttmann, Amy Ed. 1994 Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of
Recognition ,
4. New Jer sey: Princeton University Press.
5. Habermas, Jürgen.1989 -90. ‗Justice and Solidarity: On the Discussion
Concerning ‗Stage 6‘ The Philosophical Forum XXI (1 -2): 32 -52.
a. 1996. Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law
and Democracy Polity Press, Cambridge UK.
b. 1998. The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory Polity Press,
Cambridge MA.

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6. Hartmann, Heidi. 1997. "The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism:
Towards A More Progressive Union‖. In The Second Wave: A Reader in
Feminist Theory , ed. Linda Nicholson, 97 -102. New York and London:
Routledge.
7. Marcuse, Herbert (1964) One Dimensional Man Boston : Beacon Press.
8. Nozick, Robert (1974) Anarchy, State and Utopia New York: Basic Books
9. Parekh Bhiku. (2000), Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and
Political Theory. London: Macmillan Press
10. Pateman, Carol (1988) The Sexual Contract Stanford: Stanford University
Press.
11. Rawls, John (1971) A Theory of Justice Cambridge , M.A. Harvard University
Press.
12. Rodrigues, Va lerian. 2004 (2002) The Essential Writings of B.R. Ambedkar
New Delhi:
13. Oxford University PressSandel, Michael. 1982. Liberalism and the Limits of
Justice Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
14. Sen, Amartya. The Idea of Justice
15. Walzer, Michael. 1992. ―Memb ership‖ Communitarianism andIndividualism
ed. Shlomo
16. Avineri and Avner de -Shalit, 65 -84. Oxford: Oxford University Press . 1999.
―The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism‖ in Liberalism and the
17. Communitarian Challenge Ed. B.N. Ray, 39 -60. New Delhi: Kanis hka
Publishers
18. Secondary Sources:
Gore, M. S., (1993) The Social Context of an Ideology : Ambedkar’s Social and
Political Though t New Delhi : Publications.
19. Plant, Raymond. 1991. Modern Political Thought. Oxford, Mass: Blackwell
Publishers Poonacha, Veena (1995) Gender within the Human Rights Discourse
Mumbai: Research Centre for Women’s Studies.
20. Rodrigues, Valerian. 2005 ―Ambedkar on Preferential Treatment‖ Seminar 549:
55-61.
21. Skirbekk, Gunnar & Gilje, A History of Western Thoug ht


General Overviews on each of the topics are available in :
22. The Cambridge Companions (esp. to Arendt, Feminism and Habermas)
23. Miller David (Ed). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought.

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d. ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY: SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
Unit I
a) Greek roots of Islamic Philosophy —The Translation Movement
b) From Jahilyya to Islam —Life of the Prophet
Unit I
a) Quran , Sira, Hadith , Sunna
b) Quranic Values – Ethical discipline – Economic teachings – Political teachings
Unit III
a) Fi qh-- Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘l, Hanbali Schools
b) Kalam -- Mu`tazilite, Ash`arite
Unit IV
a) Tasawwuf —Origin of Classical Sufism --- The Path and the Role of the Master.
b) Falsafa and Hikma

References:
1. The Philosophy of Islam – Khaja Khan
2. Studies in Muslim Philosophy – M. Saeed Sheikh
3. History of Islamic Philosophy – Afridi & Khan
4. Religious Philosophy of Islam – M.R.K. Afridi & Arif Ali Khan
5. Muslim Philosophy & Philosopher – Mohd.Sharif Khan & Mohd. Anular
Salee
6. History of Philosophy in Isl am – DE BOER
7. History of Muslim Philosophy – M.M. Sharief.

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e. JAINA TEXT STUDY
Samantabhadra‘s ―Apta Mimamsa‖, Tr. Nagin Shah, L.D. Institute Publication,
Ahmedabad.



f. JÑĀNEŚWARA

Unit I : Philoso phical Background of Jñāneśwara
a) Nātha, Vārakari and Māhānubhāva cults
b) Vedānta and Kāśmiri Śaivism
c) Jñāneśwara: Poet, Phiosopher and Mystic

Unit II : Jñāneśwara‘s interpretation of Bhagavad Gītā:
a) His views on poetry, the role and limits of language
(vaćana parihāra and śabda -khandana
b) Place of jñāna, karma and bhakti in his Philosophy
c) His concept of Bhakti

Unit III : Jñāneśwara‘s views on:
a) Yoga and Kundalini
b) Dharma, Svadharma, Loka -samgraha
c) His Pasayadāna
d) The place and importance of Guru

Unit IV : Nature of Reality
a) Jñāneśwara‘s interpretation of Sat, Ćit and Ānanda
b) Śiva and Śakti, Vāstu and Vāstuprabhā, Drstā and Drśya
c) Jñāna and Ajñāna as reflected in his ‗Amrtānubhava‘
d) Is Jñāneśwara‘s philosophical position Ke valādvaita or Ćidvilāsavāda?
Reading list:
1. Jnaneshwari (Chapter IV,VI, IX, XII Namana of 1 Chapter, Pasayadana)
2. Anubhavamrta
3. Changadevapasashti
4. Haripatha

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References:
1. Bahirut B.P., Philosophy of Jnanadeva, Popular Prakashana, Mumbai 1993
2. Bahirat B.P. and Bhalerava P.D., Varakari Sampradaya: Udaya & Vikasa,
Pune,1988
3. Chitre D.P. : Nectar of experience, Sahitya Academy, Delhi 1966.
4. Deshrnukh N.B. : Jnaneshwara Darshan Vol I & II, Baniganayopusaka Mandal,
Nagpur 1934.
5, Bhavade T.S. (Ed) Jnaneshwa ra, Navadarshan Govt. of Maharashtra. Mumbai1977.
6. More S. Trayodashi, Navin Udyoga, Pune - 1995
7. Gokhale P.P. Jnanadevance Anubhavamritatil Tattwajnana Amola Granthaseva,
Sangamner -
1985
8. Talaghatti SR.. Changadeva Pasashti, MIT, Pune, 1996.
9. Bhag awat R.K., Jnaneshwari, Samata Books, Chennai 2001.
10. Bhagawat R.K. Jnanaeshwars Amritanubhava with Changadeva Pasashti, Samata
Books, Chennai, 2006.



g. MODERN POLITICAL TH OUGHT
Unit I: Social Contract Theories
a) Self-Preservation (Hobbes): Scientific method in politics; human nature;
commonwealth
b) Right to Life Liberty Property (Locke): State of nature, labour theory of value
and social contract.
Unit II : Idealist theory of State (with ref erence to Hegel and Bosan quet)
a) Family, Civil Society and State
b) The State as Moral
Unit III : Critics of the Enlightenment
a) Rousseau: origin of inequality; reason vs feeling; individual and community.
b) Burke: tradition vs reason; community and history; formal conservatism.

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Unit IV : Socialist Theory of State
a) Critique of Natural Rights and liberal freedom:
b) Materialist Reinterpretation of History: Class Struggle, Socialism,
Communism
c) Internationalism

References:
Primary Texts :
1. Burke, Edmund.1993. Reflections on the Revolution in France Oxford
2. Engels, Friedrich. 1970b ―The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the
State‖
3. inKarl Marx and Frederick Engels: Selected Works in 3 vols ( vol 3) Moscow:
Progress Publishers
4. Hegel, G.F.W. 1967. Philosophy of Right. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Hobbes, Thomas (1981) Leviathan London : Penguin Books
6. Locke, John (1967) Two Treatises on Government Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
7. Machiavelli, Niccolo.1950 Prince New York: The Modern Library
8. Marx, Karl & Friedrich Engels (1948) Manifesto of the Communist Party :
Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
9. Mill, J.S. 1996a. On Liberty Hertford shire: Wordsworth
10. 1996b. The Subjugation of Women. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth
11. Rousseau, Jean – Jacques (1987): ―On the Origin of Inequality‖ in his Basic
Political Writings Indianpolis: Hackett.
12. Wollstonecraft, Mary.(1792) 1988/1975 A Vindication of the Rig hts of Woman in
Carol
13. H.Poston Ed. A Vindication of Rights of Woman: An Authoritative Text,
Backgrounds, The Wollstonecraft Debate, Criticisms 1-194. New York and
London: W.W. Norton and Co.

Secondary Sources:
1. Ducan G. 1973 Marx and Mill: Two Views on S ocial Conflict and Harmony
Cambridge
2. Habermas, Jurgen. 1974 ―The Classical Doctrine of Politics in Relation to
Social Philosophy‖ Theory and Practice London.
3. Plant, Raymond. Modern Political Thought Oxford: Black well.
4. Schlomo, Avineri (1970). The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx
Cambridge:

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5. Cambridge University Press.
6. Skirbekk, Gunnar & Nils Gilje. A History of Western Thought
Overviews in:
7. The Cambridge Companions (esp. to Hobbes. Locke, Rousseau and Marx)
8. Edwards Paul (Ed) (1967) The Encyclopedia of Philosophy London : Routledge
9. Miller David (Ed). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought .



h. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Unit I
a) Religion, Theology and Philosophy of Religion: nature, relation and
distinction
b) Approaches in Religion: theism (including pantheism and deism), atheism,
agnosticism
Unit II
The nature and function of the language of religion – An analysis of symbolic /
analogical / non -cognitive theories of religious language – Language -game
theo ry.
Unit III : Religion and Mystic experience
a) Mysticism – the nature, characteristics and validity of mystical experience.
b) Christian Mysticism, Bhakti movement and Sufism (Religion
beyond/without cultural and/or geographical frontiers)
Unit IV : Critiques of religion:
a) Freud
b) Marx and Engels
c) Sartre
d) Nietzsche

List of books:
1. ‗Students Philosophy of Religion‘, - W.K. Wright
2. ‗Religious Philosophy‘, - G. MacGregor.
3. ‗The Modern Predicament‘, - H.J. Paton.
4. ‗The religious experience‘, - Ninian Smart.
5. ‗Glimpses of World religion‘, - Ninian Smart.

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6. ‗Religion and Rationality‘, - Shivesh Thakur.
7. ‗Religious Philosophy‘, - Yakub Masey
8. Varieties of Religious Experience - William James
9. Existentialism by David Cooper
10. Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Religion
11. Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Religion
12. Many Peoples and Many Faiths by Robert Ellwood (University of Southern
California, USA, 1996).
13. Philosophy of Religion - 4th Edition by John Hick (New Delhi, 1993).
14. The Religious Philosophy by D. Miall Edward s (Calcutta, 1963).



i.SUFISM – CULTURE AND POLITICS
Unit I
a) Sufi Orders and Fraternities —Community Life —Asceticism
b) The Orders: Naqshbandi, Chishti, Qadiri, Suhrawardi.
Unit II
a) The Sufis and the State.
b) Sufism and World Peace
Unit III
a) Mysticism across Cultures: Sufism, Bhakti and Christian Mysticism
b) Shrine Worship Veneration of Saints and Miracles.
Unit IV
a) Sufi Literature, Music and Dance
b) Sufism and Popular Culture
Bibliography
1. The Encyclopædia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the
study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia,
and the Veneration of Saints and Miracles. Indian
subcontinent http://www.iranicaonline.org/
2. Nicholson, Reynold (1990) The Mystics of Islam . (New York: Penguin)

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3. Nicholson, Reynold (1979) Studies in Islamic Mysticism (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press)
4. Schimmel, Annemarie (1982) As Through A Veil : Mystical Poetry in Islam .
(New York : Columbia University Press)
5. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002) The Heart of Islam (San Francisco: Harper)
6. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007) Garden of Truth:The Vision and Promise of
Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition (New York: Har per One)
7. Arberry, A.J. (1955) Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam (London:
Allen and Unwin)
8. Arberry A.J. (1942) An Introduction to the History of Sufism (London:
Longmans)
9. Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998) The Sufi Orders of Islam (Oxford: Oxford
Univer sity Press)
10. Smith, Margaret (1984) Rabi'a The Mystic and Her Fellow -Saints in Islam
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
11. A.J.Arberry, A. J. (1993) Muslim Saints and Mystics (Hasan al -Basri )
translation of Farid Al -Din Attar‘s Tadhkirat al -Auliya ---Memo rial of Saints
(London:Routledge & Kegan Paul)
12. Akkach, Samer (1997) "Ibn 'Arabî's Cosmogony and the Sufi Concept of
Time." In Constructions of Time in the Late Middle Ages ( ed.) Carol Poster
and Richard Utz. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press)
13. Arberry, A. J. (1952) The Mystical Poems of Ibn Al -Farid (2 vols.) (London:
Emery Walker)
14. Schimmel, Annemarie (2001) Rumi's World : The Life and Works of the
Greatest Sufi Poet (Shambhala Dragon)
15. Schimmel, Annemarie (1980) The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of
Jalaloddinn Rumi (London: East -West Pub)
16. Leonard Lewisohn , Christopher Shackle (2007) Attar and the Persian Sufi
Tradition: The Art of Spiritual Flight (London: I.B. Tauris in association with
The Institute of Ismaili Studies)

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j. VALLABHA
Unit I
a) Rejection of other means of Knowledge
(Perception, I nference and Analogy)
b) Śabda (Verbal Testimony) as the only means of Knowledge
(Pramānaćatustayi: Inc lusion of Bhāgavata in Pramāna)
Unit II
a) Nature of Ultim ate Reality/Brahman
b) Three Forms of Brahman
(Ādhibhautika, Ādhyātmika and Ādhida ivika)
Unit III
a) Theory of Causation: Āvirbhāva and Tirobhāva
b) The Nature of World and its relation to Brahman
(Avikrta Parin āma of Brahman)
c) World (Jagat) and Samsāra
Unit IV
a) Nature of S elf: Its Bondage and Liberation
b) Three types of Jī va (pusti -pravāha -maryādā jīva)
c) Bhakti as Rasa : Jivana Mukti and Videha Mukti
d) Bhakti as Means: Maryādā bhakti
e) Bhakti as End: Pusti bhakti

References:
1. M. C. Parekh – Sri Vallabhacarya: Life teaching and Movement, a Religion of
Grace .
2. H. O. Shaastri – The Tattavartha Dipanimbandha with Pakyas .
3. J. G. Shah – A Primer of Anubhasya
4. N. G. Shag – A Bird‘s Eye View of Pusti -Marga .
5. G. H. Bhatt – The school of Vallabha - Cultural Heritage of India, Vol. III, pp.
347-359.
6. S. N. Dasgupta – A History of Indian Philosophy – Vol. IV, Chapter 31,
Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
7. G. H. Bhatt – Vallabha: A History of Eastern and Western Philosophy ,
Volum e I, (Edited by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan and others), Chapter XIV.

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k. YOGA TEXT STUDY
Theory : 60 Marks
Unit I : Pranayama : Mental Purification
(Balancing the Prana through proper inhalation and exhalation Technique)
a) Nadishodhana (sutras 1/35 top 1/43)
b) Kapalbhati (sutras 1/44 to 1/49)
c) Bhastrika (sutras 1/50 to 1/52)
Unit II :Kundalini : (Sutras 2/104 to 2/120)
(The Nature of Kundalini and the Arousal of Kundalini along with Pranyam and
Asanas described in Hatha Yoga)
Unit III :Mudras: Their Nature & Impac t (sutras 1/17 to 1/32)
a) Mahamudra (sutras 1/35 to 1/43)
b) Viparitakarani (sutras 1/44 to 1/49)
c) Yogamudra (sutras 1/50 to 1/52)
d) Khechari (sutras 1/50 to 1/52)
Unit IV Bandhas : Their Nature & Impact (sutras 12/17 to 1/32)
a) Mahamudra (sutras 1/35 to 1/43)
b) Viparitakarani (sutras 1/44 to 1/49)
c) Yogamudra (sutras 1/50 to 1/52)
d) Khechari (sutras 1/50 to 1/52)
Note : The Sutras listed above are to be studied from the text Hathayoga Pradipika
through Muktibodhananda‘s commentary guided by Swatmaram.

Book for Textual Study
HATHA YOGA PRADIPIKA – Commentary by Muktibhodhananda (Guided by
Swami Satyananda Saraswati) – Bihar School of Yoga, Mungaer, 1998.)

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Paper XIII Basket V: Contemporary Trends
a) Buddhist Psychology and Meditation
b) Existentialism
c) Feminities, Masculinities and Language
d) Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
e) Jaina Psychology and Meditation
f) Language and Reality
g) Philosophy of Science
h) Structuralism and Post Structuralism
i) Yoga Psychology and Meditation


a. BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY AND MED ITATION
Unit I
a) Definition and Concept of Citta ( Intentional Consciousness) ; Principles of
Classification
b) Definition and Classification of Cetasika (Mental Factors)
Unit II
a) Definition, enumeration and classification of Rupa ( Matter)
b) Analysis of Birth and Death; death consciousness and Rebirth Consciousness.
Unit III
a) Constitutive and instrumental roles of Vijnana and Samskara.
b) Nibbana - Concept, Aspects and Criteria.
Unit IV
a) Concept of Satti as explained in Mahasatipatthan Sutta
b) Vippassana Mediation

Book L ists and References :
1. Rhys Daviss, C.A.F., Trans, Buddhist Psychology: A Buddhist Manual of
Psychological Ethics, Dhammasarigani, Delhi: Orintal Books Reprint Corporation,
1975.

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2. Trans., F. Max Muller, ed., Sacred Books of the Buddhist Series (Vols. 2 -4),
Dialogues of the Buddha , II Dighanikãya, London: Luzac, 1969.
3. Trans., Pe Maung Tin,ed., The Expositor, Atthasãlini, Oxford: The Pãli Text 69
4. Dhammapiya, U., Nibbãna in Theravãda Perspective, 2295 Parkview Lane, Chino
Hills CA91709, USA: Triple G em Publications, 2004.
5. Karunadasa, Y., Busshist Analysis of Matter, Colombo: Department of Cultural
Affairs, 1967.
6. Boisvert Mathieu, The Five Aggregates: UnderstandingTheravada Psychology and
Soteriology, Ottowa, Candian corporation for the study of Religion and Willfrd
Laurier University Press, 1995.
7. Harvey, Peter ―The Mind Body Relationship in Pali Buddhism, ‖ Asian
Philosophy, 3(1) March, 1993, pp.29 -41.
8. Venerable U Silananda, The four foundations of mindfulness. Wisdom
Publication, USA, 2002
9. VRI, ―Types of Vedanã and State Beyond Vedanã in The Importance of Vedanã
and Sampajañña.
10. VRI., ―Vedanã in the Practice of Satipathana ‖ in Sayagyi U Ba Khin Journal



b. Existentialism
Unit I: Emergence of Existentialism
a) Critique of reason and the absurd
b) Resurgence of Art
c) The Individual vs the system (Nietzsche, Dostoevsky and Camus)
Unit II: Existentialism and Religion
a) Kierkegaard: existential dialectic
b) Buber: I/Thou, Love and Divine Experience
Unit III: Existentialist Ontology (Sartre)
a) Transphenomenality of being,
b) being -for-itself and being -in-itself,
c) bad faith, being -for-others.

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Unit IV: Philosophy of Existenz (Jaspers)
a) The encompassing and the modes of approaching it
(Dasein, consciousness -as-such, Geist, Existenz - world, transcendence -
reason),
b) Symbols and ciphers,
c) Communication.

References:
Primary Sources :
1. Buber, M. (1958) I and Thou (trans. R. G. Smith). New York: Charles
Scribner‗s Sons
2. Camus, A. (1955) The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays (trans. J. O‗Brien).
New York:
Vintage
3. Dostoevsky Fyodor Notes from Underground
4. Kierkegaard, Soren (1941) Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
5. ______ (1988) Stages on Life‗s Way, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
6. Jaspers, Karl (1963) Philosophy and the world. Washigton D.C. Regnery
Gateway.
7. Marcel, Gabriel Man Against Mass Society
Sartre, Jean -Paul (1977) Being and Nothingless New York: Washington Square
Press


Secondary Sou rces:
1. Gardiner, Patrick (1988) Kierkegaard Oxford: Oxford University Press
2. Schlip Paul (Ed) (1957) The Philosophy of Karl Jaspers New York: Tudor
Publishing Company.
3. Steiner, George (1978) Heidegger London: Fontana
4. Warnock, Mary (1965)The Philosophy of Sar tre London: Hutchison University
Press.
5. Arrington, Robert (Ed) (1999) A Companion to the PhilosophyOxford :
Blackwell
6. Edwards Paul (Ed) (1967) The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London :
Routledge)
7. Barett, William (1961) The Irrational Man London: Heinemann
8. Crtichley, Simon and William R. Schroeder (Ed) (1998) A Companion to
ContinentalPhilosophy Malden &Oxford : Blackwell.

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c. Femininities, Masculinities and Language
Unit I
a) Indian Feminism Women during the 19th and the 20th Century I:
A. Savitribai Phule, Muktabai, Pandita Ramabai, Nazar Sajja Hyder,
Sarojini Naidu
B. Relationto Gandhi
b) Western Feminism during the 19th and 20th Century:
A. Women‗s demands for individual rights and political representation
through Universalsuffrage: Mary Wollestonecraft, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and Harriet Tubman
B. Second Wave Feminism: Uniqueness and Diversity of Women‗s
experience, focus on women‗s psychological oppression, cultural
representation of femininity, sexual division of labor
Unit II
a) Feminist Thought in Post -Independent In dia:
A. Critique of oriental/colonial constructions of India
B. Gender‗s intersection with caste, class, race and colony: Gayatri Spivak
b) The Emergence of Masculinities Studies:
A. Global Context
B. Indian Context
Unit III
a) Female/ Feminine:
A. The sex/gender debate
B. Gender as performance -Butler
b) Male/ Masculine:
A. Men problematizing clichés about their gender
B. The mythopoetic approach: Robert Bly
C. Anti -patriarchal masculinities: Kaufmann
Unit IV
a) Language and Gender I:
A. Critique of Gender Neutrality
B. Women‗s Writing (metaphor and metonymy), Men‗s Writing
b) Language and Gender II:
A. The Silencing of Women (Rae Langton and Jennifer Hornsby adoption
of Speech ActTheory)
B. Excitable Speech - Butler

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References:
1. Bordo, Susan. 1993. Unbearable Weight. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
2. Benhabib, Seyla and Drucilla Cornell, eds. 1987.Feminism as Critique.
Minneapolis: Universityof Minnesota Press.
3. Benhabib, Seyla, et al. 1995. Feminist Contentions. New York: Routledge.
4. Benhabib, Seyla. 1999. ―Sexual Difference and Collective Identities: T he New
GlobalConstellation. ‖ Signs 24: 335 -361.
5. Butler, Judith. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of
Identity. New York:Routledge.
6. 1993. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of ―Sex.‖ New York:
Routledge.
7. 1997. Excitable Speech. N ew York & London: Routledge.
8. Cameron, D., 1985, Feminism and Linguistic Theory, Basingstoke and
London: MacMillan. –––,
9. 1998a, The Feminist Critique of Language, 2nd edition, London and New
York:Routledge.
10. Chakravarti Uma. Whatever Happened to the Vedic Das i? Orientalism,
Nationalism,
11. aScript for the Past. In Recasting Women ed Kukum Sangari and Suresh Vaid,
27-87. NewDelhi: Kali.
12. Cixous, Hélène. (1975/1981)."The Laugh of the Medusa." trans. Keith Cohen
and Paula Cohen
in New French Feminisms. Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courivron, eds. New
York: Schocken.
13. Hearn, Jeff 1999 ―A Crisis in Masculinity, or New Agendas for Men? ‖ in
Sylvia Walby(ed.) NewAgendas for Women Macmillan:
14. http://www.cromenet.org/crome/crome.nsf/resourc es/…/$file/32en_mas.
htm
15. Hoff, Bert. 1995. ―An Interview with Robert Bly ‖ M.E.N.Magazine
16. http://www.menweb.org/bly -iv.htm accessed on 25/1/2009
17. Hintikka, J., 1983, ―How Can Language Be Sexist? ‖, in Discovering Reality,
Harding, S. and
18. Hintikka, M. B. (eds.) Dordrecht: D. Reidel: 139 –148.
19. Hornsby, J., 1995, ―Disempowered Speech ‖, Philosophical Topics, 23 (2):
127–147.
20. –––, 2000, ―Feminism in Philosophy of Language: Communicative Speech
Acts‖, in The
21. Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy, Fricker, M. a nd Hornsby,
J., (eds.)
22. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 87 –106.

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23. Hornsby, J. and Langton, R., 1998, ―Free Speech and Illocution ‖, Legal
Theory, 4: 21 –37.
24. Irigaray, L., 1985a, This Sex Which is Not One, Porter C. and Burke, C.
(transl.), Ithaca: Cornel l
University Press
25. –––, 1985b, Speculum of the Other Woman, Gill, Gillian G. (transl.), Ithaca:
Cornell UniversityPress.
26. Kaufman, Michael (1993) 2002 Cracking the Armour: Power, Pain and the
Lives of Men
27. Viking Penguin Books: Toronto
www.michealkaufman.com/wpcibtebt/uploads/2009/01/crackingthearmou
r8-10.pdf
28. Kaufman, Michael & Kimmel Michael. 1994 ―Weekend Warriors: The New
Men‗s
29. Movement ‖ in his Theorizing Masculinities coedited with Harry Brod
Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks.
30. 1999 ―M en, Feminism, and Men‗s Contradictory Experiences of Power ‖ in
Men and Power ed. Joseph A.Kuypers, 59 -83. Fernwood Books: Halifax
31. Kulkarni, Mangesh. 2001. ―Reconstructing Indian Masculinities ‖ Gentleman
(May Issue)
32. http://www.xyonline.net/indiamasc.shtml a ccessed on 25/1/2009
33. 2007 ―Indian Masculinities: A Million Mutations Now ‖ Breaking the Moulds
Ed. Ravindra Rukmani Pandrinath, Harish Sadani, Mukund S.N. & Geetali
V.M. Books forChange: New Delhi
34. Langton, R., 1993, ―Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts ‖, Phil osophy and
Public Affairs, 22 (4):293 –330.
35. Langton, R., 2009, ―Divine Command? Response to Judith Butler ‖, in R.
Langton, SexualSolipsism, Oxford University Press: 103 -110
36. Lingard Bob & Peter Douglas. 1999. Men Engaging Feminisms: Pro -feminism,
Backlash and Schooling Open University Press: Buckingham
37. Moi, Toril. 1997. ―Feminist, Female, Feminine ‖The Feminist Reader Ed.
Catherine
Belsey & Jane Moore. Macmillan Press: Hampshire & London.
38. 2005 Sex, Gender and the Body Oxford University Press: Oxford
39. Nicholso n, Linda. 1994 ―Interpreting Gender ‖ Signs 20(1), 79 -105
40. Silverman, Kaja. 1992. Male Subjectivity at the Margins. New York:
Routledge.
41. Spelman, E., 1988, Inessential Woman, Boston: Beacon Press.
42. Spender, D., 1985, Man Made Language, 2nd edition, New York: Routledge
43. Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty. 1987. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural
Politics. NewYork and London: Methuen.

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44. Tharu, Susie & K. Lalita (ed) 1993(1991) Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to
thePresent (vol 1) New York: The Feminist Press
45. Tong Rosemar ie 1989. Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction.
Boulder, CO:Westview Press.



d. FRANKFURT SCHOOL AND CRITICAL THEORY
Unit I
Theodor Adorno : the ‗emphatic‗ use of philosophical concepts in late capitalism,
the critique ofEnlightenment, arts and its truth content.
Unit II
Max Horkheimer: Materialism and metaphysics; reconstruction of dialectic;
critical theory ofsociety.
Unit III
Walter Benjami n: Cultural criticism; analysis of tragedy; art and politics.
Unit IV
Jürgen Habermas: Knowledge and human interests; discourse theory; the
postnational turn.
Please note:
The reconstruction of Marxism with reference to culture is an abiding theme which
should bediscussed while teaching this paper.

Primary Sources:
1. Adorno, Theodor. 1984. Aesthetic TheoryLondon: Routledge and Kegan Paul
2. Apel, Karl Otto. Towards a Transformation of Philosophy
3. Benjamin, Walter. 1970 Illuminations London: Jonathan Cape
4. Bloch , Ernst. 2000. The Spirit of Utopia Stanford: Stanford University Press
5. Habermas, Jurgen. 1972. Knowledge and Human Interests Boston: Beacon
6. 1987.The Philosophical Discourse on Modernity Cambridge, Mass: MIT
7. Honneth, Axel. 1992. ―Integrity and Disrespect: Principles of a Conception of
8. Morality Based on a Theory of Recognition ‖ Political Theory 20 (2):187 -201.
9. 1999. ―The Social Dynamics of Disrespect ‖ in Habermas: A Critical
Reader, ed. Peter Dews, 320 -337. Oxford: Blackwell

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10. 2007 Disrespect: The Normative Foundations of Critical Theory Cambridge:
Polity Press
11. Horkheimer, Max. 1947. The Eclipse of Reason Oxford: Oxford University
Press
12. Adorno, Theodor.1972. The Dialectic of EnlightenmentLondon: Seabury Press
13. Marcuse, Herbert (1964) One Dimensional Man Bosto n: Beacon Press.


Secondary Sources
1. Benhabib, Seyla.1987. Critique, Norm and Utopia: A Study in the Normative
Foundations ofCritical Theory Cambridge: Polity Press
2. Dews, Peter. 1987. Logics of Disintegration: Poststructuralist Thought and the
Claims ofCri tical Theory London: Verso
3. Ed. 1999.Habermas: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell
4. Glendinning, Simon. 1999. The Edinburgh Companion to Continental
Philosophy Edinburg:Edinburg University Press
5. Jarvis, Simon. 1998 Adorno: A Critical Introduction Cambridge: Polity Press
6. Kellner, Douglas 1989 Critical Theory, Marxism, and Modernity. Cambridge,
UK andBaltimore, Md.: Polity Press and John Hopkins University Press, 1989.
7. Malpas, Simon, Paul Wake (ed) 2006. The Routledge Companion to Critical
Theory London andNew York: Routledge.
8. Wolin, Richard. 1994. Walter Benjamin: An Aesthetics of Redemption
Berkeley and London:University of California Press
9. Cambridge Companions (where applicable)

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e. JAINA PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDITATION
Unit I
a) Introduction to foundation of Jain Psychology
b) Role of Mind and Consciousness in Human Behaviour
UnitII
a) Psychological Analysis of karma and its relation to behavior with special
reference to
Tattvartha Sutra
b) Analysis of Sex - Biological (Linga) and Psychological (Veda)
Unit III
a) Constructive a nd Destructive Role of Passions (Kasaya) in Human
Personality -(withspecial reference to Acaranga sutra and Tattvartha Sutra)
b) Physio - Psychological Aspect of Human Personality -Lesya (with special
reference toUttaradhyayana Sutra)
Unit IV
a) Jaina concept of Me ditation, Traditional Mediation
b) Mob -psychology and Samgha - Role of Tantric Practices.

Reference:
1. Jain psychology
2. Tr. K.K.Dixit, Umasvati‗s Tattvartha Sutra, L.D.Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad
3. W. Johnson, Harmless Souls, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi,
4. Haribhadra‗s Pschosynthesis,
5. Acarya Tulsi, ‗ Preksha Meditation‗

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f. LANGUAGE AND REALITY
Unit I
a) The problem of Names: Russell and Searle
b) Kripke on the notion of a Rigid Designator
Unit II
a) Post positivism: Popper on Falsifiability, Critical Rationality and Objective
knowledge;
b) Quine on Two Dogma‗s of Empiricism and Naturalized Epistemology.
Unit III
a) Later -Wittgenstein‗s notion of language as rule -following and Kripke on the
rule-following paradox
b) Knowledge of Language: Chomsky‗s noti on of I -language.
Unit IV
a) Theories of Truth: Substantive theories (Coherence/ Correspondence/
Pragmatism)
b) Theories of Truth : Deflationary theories: (Redundancy -Ramsey, Frege) ,
(Disquotational - Quine) and Semantic theory of truth (Tarski)

Primary Reference:
1. Russell B, An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, 1952, George Allen and Unwin,
Reprinted by Routledge, 1992.
2. Searle J, ―Proper names ‖, Mind 67, 166 -173 (Article, 1958).
3. Kripke S, Naming and Necessity, HUP, 1980.
4. Quine WVO (1951),―Two Do gmas of Empiricism ‖, Philosophical Review Vol. 60,
No. 1,pp. 20 -43 (Article).
5. Grice HP and Strawson PF (1956) — ―In Defense of a Dogma ‖, Philosophical
Review —Vol. 65, pp. 141 -158 (Article).36
6. Popper K, Conjectures and Refutations -The growth of scien tific knowledge,
Routledge,1963.
7. Popper K, Objective Knowledge - An evolutionary approach, Clarendon press,
1972.
8. Quine WVO, ―Epistemology Naturalized ‖, in Ontological relativity and other
essays, NY Univ. press,1969 (Article).

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81
9. Wittgenstein L (1949), Philosophical Investigations -Translated by G.E.M.
Anscombe,Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1953.
10. Chomsky, New Horizons in the study of language and mind, CUP, 2000.
11. Quine, Word and Object, MIT press, 1960
12. Tarski Alfred (1944) — ―The Seman tic Conception of Truth and the Foundations
of Semantics ‖ in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 — (edited version of
1992) reprinted in Michael Lynch (ed.), The Nature of Truth, Cambridge, Mass: The
MIT Press,2001, Pp. 331 -363.



g. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Unit I
Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of science.
Unit II
Nature and Method of Scientific Explanations; Fact - Value distinction and debate
on methodology of the Natural and Human sciences.
Unit III
Different Approaches to the Philosophy of Science: Analytical (Carnap, Quine),
Historical (Kuhn) and Critical (Popper).
Unit IV
Realism and Anti realism debates.

General reference :
1. Toulmin Stephen, The Philosophy of Science: An I ntroduction, London:
Hutchinson University Press, 1953.
2. Lakatos Imre and Musgrave Alan (eds.) — Criticis m and the Growth of
Knowledge — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
3. Popper Karl, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1959;
London: Routledge Classics, 2002.

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4. Popper Karl , Objective Knowledge, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
5. Poincaré Jules Henri, Science and Hypothesis, Translated by Greenstreet, London:
Walter Scott Publishing Company, 1905; New York: Dover, 1952.
6. Nagel Ernest, The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific
Explanation
— New York: Hackett Publishing, 1979.
7. Hempel Carl, Philosophy of Natural Science, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall,
1966.
8. Kuhn T, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: The University of
ChicagoPress, 1970.
9. Feyerabend Paul, Against Method, London: New Left Books, 1975; Verso, 2002.
10. Russell Norwood Hanson, Patterns of Discovery, London: New Left Books, 1975;
Verso,2002.
11. Stathis Psillos, Philosophy of Science A -Z , Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univers ity
Press,2007.
12. Stathis Psillos, Causation and Explanation, McGill: Queens University Press,
2003.
13. Chakravartty A, A Metaphysics for Scientific Realism: Knowing the
Unobservable —Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
14. Giere, R Explaining Science, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
15. Longino H, Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific
InquiryPrinceton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1990.
16. Hacking, Representing and Intervening, CUP, 1983.
17. Realism with a Human Face, Harvard University Press, 1990
18. Carnap R, Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology, (1950) (Article).
19. Papineau D, The Philosophy of Science, OUP, 1999.

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h. STRUCTURALISM AND POST STRUCTURALISM
Unit I: Ferdina nd de Sausurre
a) Semiology/Science of Signs; diachronic and synchronic; phonemic
b) Difference.
Unit II
Michel Foucault: critique of human science, the construction of subjects, power and
resistance.
Unit III
a) Lyotard:The Postmodern Condition, Critique of Metanarratives, Defe nse of
Small Narratives;
b) Rehabilitation of the Sublime
Unit IV
a) Jacques Derrida, critique of the ―metaphysics of presence ‖; sign, difference;
text and writing;
b) Deconstruction.
Please Note :
(a)This paper should be taught with reference to the difference betw een
structuralism and poststructuralism.
(b)Critiques by Alain Badiou and Slavoj Zizek must be incorporated into the
discussion.

References
Primary Sources:
1. Althusser, Louis. Reading CapitalLondon: New Left Books 1970
2. Barthes, Roland Mythologies London, V intage, 1993.
3. de Saussure, Ferdinand Course in General LinguisticsDuckworth: London,
1983
4. Derrida, Jacques Of GrammatologyBaltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1976 79
5. Foucault, Michel. Power/knowledge Selected Interviews and Other Writings
(1972 -1977 )Pantheon: New York, 1980
6. Kearney, Richard & Mara Rainwater (ed) The Continental Philosophy Reader
Routledge:London, 1996
7. Levi Strass, Claude The Savage Mind Chicago: University of Chicago
Press1966

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84
8. Lyotard, Jean -Francois.The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
Manchester:Manchester University Press, 1979
9. Taylor, Victor E and Charles E. WinquistPostmodernism: Critical Concepts(4
vols) London: Routledge 1998


Secondary Sources:
1. Anderson, Perry. Considerations on Western Marxism London: New Left
Books, 1976.
2. Badiou, Alain. Ethics: An Understanding of Evil London and New York:
Verso, 2001
3. Callinicos, Alex. Althusser‘s Marxism London: Pluto Press, 1976.
4. Culler Jonathan.Ferdinand de Saussure Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986.
5. Glendinning, Simon. The Edinburgh Companion to Continental Philosophy
Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 1999.
6. Kearney, Richard. Dialogues with Contemporary Continental Philosophers:
The Phenomenological Heritage(Paul Ricœur, Emmanuel Levinas, Herbert
Marcuse, Stanislas Br eton, Jacques Derrida).Manchester, UK and New York,
1984.
7. Norris, Christopher Derrida London: Fontana Books, 1987.
8. Rossi Ino,(ed)The Unconscious in Culture: The Structuralism of Claude Levi
Strauss in Perspective New York: Dutton, 1974.
9. Sturrock, John.Stru cturalism and Since Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.
10. Gutting, Gary.The Cambridge Companion to Foucault Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press,1994

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i. Yoga Psychology and Meditation

Theory: 60 Marks
Unit I
a) Meditational states and psychologically deviated states of the chitta; Nine
Antarayah and four Viksepasahabhunvah as psychological obstacles causing
distractions to the chitta ;
b) Means to overcoming these obstacles (Analysis of Sutras 1/30, 1/31 and 1/32)
Unit II
Psyschological aids/ prescriptions in Patanjali‗s system; means prescribed for
chittaprasadana – Maitraikarunadi and the six options (Analysis of Sutras 1/33, to
1/39)
Unit III
a) Samprajnate and Asamprajnate Samadhis as meditational /trance states; their
details;
b) Prakritilayas a nd Videhas; notion of Sampatti, a psychological nature of
chitta; kinds of Sampatti, arousal of Rt ambharaprajna leading the chitta
towards Nirbeeja Samadhi (Analysis of Sutras 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, 1/41 to 1/51)
Unit IV
Psychological deviations – Panchaleshah – details of Avidya, Asmita, Raga,
Dvasha and Abhinivesha; Patanjali‗s prescriptions to destroy these psychological
deviations to bring samyavastha (Analysis of Sutras 2/3, to 2/11)

Note : The sutras listed above are to be studied through Vyasabhasya and
Vachaspati Mishra‗s vrtti)

Practicals & or Project work : (40 Marks)
Technique for practicals :
a) Three stages of Meditation : Dharna, Dhyana & Samadhi (Y.S. 3/1, 2,3) with
Mudras – Kechari, Akasha, Bhuchari; Vajrasana with Chinmudra ;
Padmasana with Padamudra ; Siddhasana with Dhyanamudra
b) Meditative postures – gradations and Kinds (Y.S. 2/46, to 2/48) Sukhasana,
Padmasana, Siddhasana
c) Japa in Patanjali‗s system – Pranava japa (Y.S.1/27, to 1/29)

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d) Concentrative Meditation – Dharana technique – Practice of focusing of mind
on breath or area between the eyebrow, tip of nose
e) Contemplative Meditation – Ishvarapranidhana Maitri, Karuna.

Study Book s
1. ‗Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali‗s with Bhasvati‗ – Swami Hariharananda
Aranya –
2. Rendered into English by P.N. Mukher jee)
(Pub.: University of Calcutta, kolkatta 700 019)
a. ‗Yoga Karika (with Yoga Sutras , Transliteration, English Translation)
of Swami
3. Hariharananda Aranya‗ Translators : Swami Maheshananda & Others
(Pub.: Kaivalyadham, Lonavla)
a. ‗ The Yoga of Patanjali‗ – Ed. M.R..Yardi (Pub.: Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute, Pune)

Referenc e Book s
1. ‗Patanjali;s Yoga Sutras with the commentary of Vyasa and gloss of
Vachaspati Mishra – Translated by Rama Prasada
(Pub.: Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers pvt. Ltd., New Delhi)
OR
(Pub.: Divine Books, Indological Publishers, 40/5, Shakti Nagar, Delhi 110
007)
2. ‗Patanjalyyogapradeep – Grantkhar : Omananda Teertha (Pub.: Geeta Press,
Gorakhpur)

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SEMESTER IV
Paper XIV Ability Enhancement Course Any one from group A or B
Group A
Paper XIV (A) (i)Critical Thinking
UNIT I
A. Critical Thinking: Logical, consistent and argumentative; what is an
argument
B. Creative Thinking: Literary, metaphorical and innovative: can
creativity and critical thought be reconciled?
C. Theorizing Experience: What is experience? Is the empiricist
perspective adequate for theorizing experience? Is experience always
first-person?
UNIT II
Debates in Indian Philosophy
A. Realism -Anti -realism debate (the debates about the status of the world
among the Veda ntins, Buddhists, Sankhya, Nyaya and Jainism )
B. Internalism -Externalism debate (the debates about the norm of validity
of knowledge among the Nyaya, Buddhists, Jainas and the
Mimamsakas)
C. Debate on Purusarthas (the arguments regarding one, two, three and
four Purusarthas as well as about the compatibility of these concepts,
contemporary views on Purusarthas, e.g. Daya Krishna, Rajendra
Prasad, Barlingay)
UNIT III
Social Location: Race Gender and Caste -
A. Race and philosophy: Appiah, Bernasconi, Mills
B. Caste and theory: Guru, V. Geetha, Rege
C. Gender and philosophy:Irigaray, Alcoff and Kelkar
UNIT IV
Counter -Perspectives in Contemporary Indian Philosophy
A. Three Myths about Indian Philosophy: Daya Krishna -
B. Conceptions of Indian Phil osophy: K. Sacchidananda Murthy

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88
C. Tradition and Modernity in Indian Philosophy - J.N. Mohanty

Books for Reference :
1. ―Philosophy in India‖ Dr. MurtySatchidananda K. (Pub. MotilalBanarasidas,
Delhi, 1985),
2. ―Indian Philosophy: A Counter Perspective‖ , Prof. Daya Krishna, (Pub.
Oxford University Pr ess, New Delhi, 1991.)
3. ―Explorations in Philosophy: Indian Philosophy‖ Prof. Mohanty, J.N. (Pub.
Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2001)
4. ―The Philosophy of NyayaVaisesika& Its conflict with the Buddhist Dinnaga
School‖, ShastriDharmendraNath,BhartiyaVidyaPrakashan, New Delhi,
(1976)
5. ―Indian Realism‖ Dr. Mukherjee Satkari
6. Alcoff, L., 2006, Visible Identities: Race, Gender, and the Self , New York: Oxford
University Press.
7. Appiah, Anthony1995, ―The Uncompleted Argument: DuBo is and the Illusion
of Race,‖ The Idea of Race , R. Bernasconi(ed) Hackett: Indianapolis
8. Bernasconi, Robert. 2012a―Racism is a System: How Existentialism Became
Dialectical in Fanon and Sartre,‖ in Cambridge Companion to Existentialism,
ed. S. Crowell, Cambr idge" Cambridge University Press
9. Bernasconi, Robert. 2012b "Crossed Lines in the Racialization Process; Race as
a Border Concept" Research in Phenomenology , .
10. Guru, Gopal and SundarSarukkai 2012 Cracked Mirror Oxford University
Press: Delhi
11. hooks, bell. 1990. Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics South End
Press: Boston
12. Irigaray, Luce 1985 Speculum of the Other Woman Cornell University Press:
Ithaca
13. Kelkar, Meena and DeeptiGangavane2002 Indian Feminism in search of an
identity Rawat Publications: J aipur
14. Mills, C., 1997, The Racial Contract Cornell University Press: Ithaca
15. Rege, Sharmila. 2005 (2003) ―A Dalit Feminist Standpoint‖
in Gender and Caste ed.AnupamaRao, 90 -101. Women Unlimited: New Delhi
2008.
―Writing Caste, Writing Gender: Dalit Women‘s Testimonies‖ in
Women‘s Studies in India: A Reader ed. Mary E.John, 452 -58. OUP: New Delhi
16. Pateman, Carole 1988 The Sexual Contract Stanford University Press: Stanford
17. Scott, Joan. 1992. ―Experience‖ in Feminists Theorize the Politica l Ed. Judith
Butler and Joan W. Scott, 22 -40. Routledge: London and New York.

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(OR)
Paper XIV (A) (ii) Studies i n Meditation
Unit I: Meditation in Greek and Modern Western Tradition
A. Stoic Perspective: Meditation as self -reflection oriented to practical
philosophy: Marcus Aurelius
B. Modern Perspective: Meditation(s) as first -philosophy oriented towards self -
discovery: Descartes
Unit II : Meditation in Phenomenological Tradition
A. Meditation as critique and self -discovery: Husserl
B. Meditation as non -calculative, assimilative thought: Heidegger
Unit III: Meditation in Vedic Tradition
A. Salient features of Vedic notion of Meditation
B. Vedantic tradition -Concept of Contemplation or ―Manana‖, ―Dhyana‖,
―Upasana‖
C. Patanjala Yoga - Concept of Meditation, i.e. ‗Dhyana‘, Antar anga Yoga and
―Samyama‖
Unit IV : Meditation in Sramana Tradition
A. Salient features of Sramanic notion of Meditation
B. Buddhist tradition - ‗Vipassana‘: Its philosophical foundations and practice
C. Jaina tradition -‗Preksha -Dhyana‘: Its philosophical foundation s and
practice

Books for r eading :
1. Aurelius, Marcus 2003 Meditations trans by Gregory Hays (London:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson
2. Descartes, Rene 1996 Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the
Objections and Replies trans. John Cottingham Cambridge University Press:
Cambridge
3. Heidegger, Martin 1966 Discourse on Thinking Harper Torchbooks: New
York
4. Husserl, Edmund 1960 Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to

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90
Phenomenology Martinus Nijhoff: Hague, Boston
5. Maxwell Staniforth - Meditations - Penguin Group,U.S. 2006
6. CROSSLEY, H., The Fourth Book of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus , A Revised Text with Translation and Commentary (London:
Macmillan, 1882) - an excellent commentary, of only one book.
7. FARQUHARSON, A. S. L., The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Antoninus ,
Edited with Translation and Commentary, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Pr ess,
1944) - arguably the definitive edition and essential for any serious study of
the Meditations .
8. ARNOLD, E. V., Roman Stoicism: Being Lectures on the History of the Stoic
Philosophy with Special Reference to its Development within the Roman
Empire (Cam bridge, 1911; repr. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958)
9. BIRLEY, A. R., Marcus Aurelius: A Biography (London: Batsford, 1966; new
edn Routledge 2000)
10. BRUNT, P. A., 'Marcus Aurelius in his Meditations ', Journal of Roman
Studies 64 (1974), 1 -20.
11. CLARKE, M. L., The Roman Mind: Studies in the History of Thought from Cicero
to Marcus Aurelius (London: Cohen & West, 1956)
12. HADOT, P., The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius , trans. M.
Chase (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998); a translati on of La
Citadelle Intérieure (Paris, 1992)
13. RIST, J. M., 'Are You a Stoic? The Case of Marcus Aurelius', in B. F. Meyers
& E. P. Sanders, eds, Jewish and Christian Self -Definition 3 (London: SCM,
1982), pp. 23 -45.
14. R Rutherford R. B., The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius: A Study (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1989)
15. Husserl - Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology -
Springer,1973
16. Mindfulness: Diverse Perspectives on its meaning, orientation and
applications -J. Mark G. Williams, Jon Kabat -Zinn (ed.) JainS.
17. Method and Metaphysical Meditations: Descartes - Delhi,Oriental Book
Centre,2004
18. Bradford Smith -Meditation - London: George Allen& Unwin1964
19. Jonathan Bader -Meditation in Sankara's Vedanta Jan 1997
MahaprajnaA. Preksha Dhyana : Theory and Practice - Bharatiya Book
Corporation
20. Amit Ray - Yoga and Vipassana: An Integrated Way of Life -- Jain Vishva

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Bharati
21. S. N. Tandon A Re -appraisal of Patanjali's Yoga -sutras in t he Light of the
Buddha's Teaching
22. Mahasi Sayadaw -Satipatthana Vipassana: Insight Through Mindfulness
23. Mahasatipatthana Sutta, Vipassana Research Institute Publication, 2006

Paper X IV Group B :
Paper XIV B (i) Logical Reasoning (Indian & Western)
UNIT I: Nature of Logical Reasoning
A. Logic beyond Induction and Deduction
B. Laws of Thought
C. Truth and Validity
UNIT II: Study of “Definition”
A. ‗Definition‘ according to Indian Logic
B. ‗Definition‘ according to Western Logic
C. Possibility of Incomplete Definition
UNIT III: Nature and Kinds of Fallacies
A. Fallacies in Indian Logic
B. Fallacies in Western Logic
C. Role of Language in Logical Reasoing
UNIT IV: Categories of Syllogism
A. Syllogism in Indian Logic
B. Syllogism in Western Logic
C. Role of ‗Example (Drstanta)‘ in Syllogism
Books for Reference:
1. Copi Irving, ( 1979), Introduction to logic, 5th Edition, MacMillan Pub. Co.,
New York.
2. Copi Irving, (1994), Introduction to logic,9th Edition, Copi Irving, MacMillan
Pub. Co., New York.
3. ‗Tarakasangraha‘ of Annambhatta with the autho r‘s own ‗Dipika‘ Revised
and Enlarged Second Editors: Athalye, Y.V. and Bodes M.R. (Bhandarkar
Oriental Research Institute, Pune).
4. ‗The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge‘ – Satishchandra Chatterjee (University of
Calcutta, Calcutta).

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5. ‗Critique of Indian Realism‘ – Dharmendra Nath Shastri, Bhartiya Vidya
Prakashan, Delhi, 1964.
6. Indian Logic in Early Schools – H. N. Randle (Oriental Books Reprint
Corporation 1976)
7. Recollection, Recognition and Reasoning: Study of Jaina Theory of Paroksa
Pramana, by Prof. Antarkar, Prof. Gokhale and Dr.. Katarnikar, Satguru
Publications, New Delhi, 2011.
8. Tarkshashastra, (Hindi Book) 4th Edition, Krishna Jain, D.K. Printworld, New
Delhi, 1998.
9. Tarkshashtra – Traditional and Symbolic Logic, (Marathi Book) Dr. Sunita
Ingle and Prof. Van dana Ghushe, Vasu Prakashan, Nagpur, 2004.

(OR)

Paper XIV (B)(ii) Symbolic Logic ( Second -Order Sentential Logic)
Unit I: Logic of Relation
A. The Logic of Relations; symbolizing relational propositions; Attribute
possessed by relations -Symmetry, Transitivity and reflexivity. Identity and
definite Description
B. Constructing formal proofs of validity fo r arguments involving relations
Unit II: An Axiom System for the prepositional Calculus
A. Elliot Mendelson‘s System
B. Theor ems in M.S.: Th eorems about M.S. ; Metatheorems , Metalogic
Unit III: Set Theory
A. Various notions related to set theory. Three Axioms of Set theory
B. Symbols and definition of Set, Null Set, Union, Intersection, Difference
Unit IV: Set Theory
A. The Zermelo -Fraenkel System
B. Theorems in Zermelo -Fraenkel System

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References:
1. Introduction to logic, Suppes Patrick, Van Nostrand Reinhold C. New York.
2. Symbolic Logic – Irving Copi, 5th Edition, Colleier Macmillan Publishers,
London, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
3. ‗Introduction to Mathemati cal Logic‘, Elliot Mendelson (Wadsworth and
Brooks Cole, Advanced Bookds and Software Pacific Grove, California.
4. ‗Metalogic: An – Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First order
Logic‘, Geoffrey Hunter, Macmillan and Co., London and Basingstoke.
5. ‗Axioma tic Set Theory, Suppes Patrick, Van Nostrand Reinhold C. New York.
6. Tark shastra, (Hindi Book) 4th Edition, Krishna Jain, D.K. Printworld, New
Delhi, 1998.
7. Tarkshas tra – Traditional and Symbolic Logic, (Marathi Book) Dr. Sunita Ingle
and Prof. Vandana Gh ushe, Vasu Prakashan, Nagpur, 2004

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Paper XV . Interdisciplinary/Cross -Disciplinary Courses (any one)
a) Buddhist Ethics
b) Environmental Ethics
c) Jaina Ethics
d) Mind and Conceptions of the Self
e) Philosophy of Art
f) Philosophy of Education
g) Philosophy of Feminism
h) Philosophy of Film
i) Philosophy of Management
j) Schools of Yoga
k) Sufi Philosophy
l) Symbolic Logic (Relational Logic and Axiomatic Systems)
m) Yoga Ethics


a. Buddhist Ethics
Unit I
A. Buddhist approach to ideal of Morality.
B. Concept of Pancashila and Brahma Vihara; Their Role in Individual
and Social Moral Life
Unit II
A. Code of conduct for Ascetics - Its Social significance; Code of conduct
for Householders - Its Spiritual relevance
B. Relevance of Buddhist Ethics in contact with living Ethical issues:
Violence and Peace, Sustainable development and Environmental
Problems
Unit III
A. Buddhist Approach to Gender Issues - Classical and Contemporary
Context

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B. Buddhist approach to Aesthetics
Unit IV
A. Political context of 20th Century Buddhism -Dr. B.R. Ambedkar‘s Neo
Buddhism
B. Buddhism in Contemporary Political Context - the Dalai Lama.

Books List and References
1. Democracy in Early Buddhist Sangha, De Gokuldas, Calcutta:1955.
2. Development of Buddhist Ethics, Misra G.S.P., New Delhi, 1984.
3. Early Buddhist and Its Origins, Varma V.P.Delhi: Motilal,1973
4. Man in Society, the Buddhist View, Karnaratne W.S., Sri Lanka : Depat. Of
Culture Affairs, 1956
5. Political Though of Buddha, Piyasena Dissanayake. Colombo: Department of
Cultural affairs, 1977.
6. The Debate of King Milinda, Dr. Ven Pesala, Delhi : Motilal, 1991.
7. The Nature of Buddhist Ethics, Damien Keown, Hong Kong, 1992.
8. The Political Philosophy of Buddhism, Karunaratne W.S. in Univ. Buddhist
Annual 1959/1960.
9. The Social Philosophy of Buddhism, S iddhi Butr -Indr. Bangkok: Mahamakut
Rajavidyalaya Press, 1955.
10. What the Buddha taught, Ven. Rahula. Taiwan, 2003.
11. Buddha and His Dhamma, B, R Ambedkar



b. Environmental Ethics
Unit I
A. Significance of Environmental Ethics:
a) Anthropocentric Values: Plato, Descartes
b) Nature and Scope of Environmental Ethics
c) The Naturalization of Values -Holmes Rolston III

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B. World Summits and Laws on Environment:
a) Environmental Summits: Kyoto, Bali and Rio
b) Environment Protection Law in India
Unit I I
Contemporary Approaches to the Environment:
A. Biocentric Ethics - Paul Taylor and Animal Rights - Peter Singer
B. Ecocentric Ethics -Aldo Leopold and Deep Ecology - Arne Naess
Unit III
Rethinking the Human Nature Relation:
A. Ecofeminism -Karen Warren, Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies
B. Social Ecology -Murray Bookchin
Unit IV
Environmental Movements Across Cultures:
A. Indian: Pani Panchayat Movement (Vilas Salunke),
a. Chipco and Appiko Movements, Narmada Bachao Movement
B. Germany:Green Peace
C. Nigeria:Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People(Ken Saro -Wiwa)

Reading List
1. Attfield, Robin (2003) Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty -
First Century Cambridge: Polity Press
2. Callicott, J. Baird & Clare Palmer (2005) Environmental Philosophy: Critical
Concepts
In four volumes London and New York: Routledge
3. Collingwood, R.G.(1945) The Idea of Nature Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. Elliot, Robert (1995) Environmental Ethics Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. Gadgil Madhav & Ramchandra Guha (1995) Ecology and Equity London:
Penguin Books
6. Gosling, David(2001) Religion and Ecology in India and Southeast Asia
London: Routledge
7. Guha, Ramchandra & Juan Martinez -Alier (1998) Varieties of
Enviromentalism : Essays
8. North and South Delhi: Oxford University Press
9. Heidegger, Martin (1993 ) ―Question Concerning Technology‖ in Martin
Heidegger: Basic Writings ed David Farrell Krell London: Routledge

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10. Light, Andrew & Holmes Rolston III(Ed) (2003) Environmental Ethics: An
Anthology Malden MA, Oxford: Blackwell
11. Pojman, Louis(Ed)2001 Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and
Application Boston: Wadsworth
12. Shiva, Vandana & Maria Mies Ecofeminism London: Zed Books
13. Shiva, Vandana & Ingunn Moser (Ed)(1995) Biopolitics: A Feminist and
Ecological Reader on Biotechnology London: Zed Books
14. Smart, Ninian & Shivesh Thakur (1993) Ethical & Political Dilemmas of
Modern India New York: St. Martin‘s Press
15. Zimmerman, Michael (2004) Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights
to Radical Ecology New Jersey: Prentice Hall



c. Jaina Ethics
Unit I
A. Sramanacara: Code of Conduct for Ascetics - Conceptual
Understanding and Contemporary Practice
B. Sravakacara : Code of Conduct for Householders - Conceptual
Understanding and Contemporary Practice
Unit II
A. Haribhadra‘ Concept of Yogadrstis and its Comparison wi th
Patanjali‘s Eightfold Path
Unit III
A. Jaina Perspective on Living Bio -Ethical Issues: Abortion and
Euthanasia, Genetic Engineering and Organ Transplant
B. Application of Jaina Values in the context of Environmental Issues
Unit IV
A. Gender Ethics: Classical a nd Contemporary Account of the Status of
Women and Transgenders.
B. Jaina Approach to Aesthetics

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References
1. R. Williams, Jain Yoga, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, 1963
2. Jaini. P.S, Gender and Salvation, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi,
Christopher Key Cha ppel, ‗Jainism and Ecology‘, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi,
2006.


d. Mind and Conceptions of t he Self
Unit I
A. Problem of Intentions and Intentionality.
B. Propositional attitudes and Propositional content.
Unit II
A. Mental representation and the language of thought hypothesis.
B. Phenomenalism and the problem of qualia.
Unit III
A. Actions and Events.
B. Reasons and Causes.
Unit IV
A. Conceptions of the Self: The notion of a Person
B. Rationality and the Moral sense.

Primary Reference:
1. Brentano, Psychology from empirical standpoint, Tr. by Rancurello and Terrell,
London Routledge, 1973.
2. Anscombe, Intentions, Ithaca, CornellUniversity Press, 1963.
3. Davidson D,Essays on Actions and Events, OUP, 1980.
4. Fodor, Language of Thought, Crowell, NY, 1975.
5. Dretske, Explaining Behaviour, MIT press, 1988.
6. Hume D, A Treatise of Human nature, ed. LA Selby -Bigge, 2nd edn rev. PH
Nidditch, Oxford, Clarendon, 1978.

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7. Locke J, An essay concerning Human understanding, ed. PH Nidditch, OUP,
1975.
8. Parfit D Perso nal Identity, Philosophical review, LXXX: 1, 3 -27, 1971.
9. Parfit D, The unimportance of identity, OUP, 1995.
10. Shoemaker S, Self knowledge and Self identity, Cornell University Press, 1963.
11. Searle J, Intentionality -An Essay in the Philosophy of Min d, CUP, 1983
12. Searle J, The rediscovery of Mind, MIT, 1992.
13. Searle J, Rationality in Action, MIT, 2001.

Secondary Reference s:
1. Guttenplan S, A Companion to Philosophy of Mind, Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
2. Stephen P. Stitch and Ted A. Warfield (eds.) — The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy
of Mind — Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.



e. Philosophy o f Art
Unit I
A. Representative Aesthetics: Plato and Aristotle.
B. Aesthetics of Taste: Hume and Kant.
Unit II
A. Idealist and Materialist aesthetics : Hegel and Marx
B. Overcoming Aesthetics: Nietzsche and Heidegger; Language and Art:
Wittgenstein.
Unit III
A. The concept of Rasa (Bharata) and its Interpreters (Bhatta Lollata and
Abhinavagupta): Dhvani in the context of art appreciation.
B. Abhida, Laksana, Vyanjana and Tatpary a in the context of art appreciation

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Unit IV
A. Art and Spirituality: Tagore, Sri Aurobindo
B. Art and Symbolism : A. Coomaraswamy and Kapila Vatsayan

General Reference:
1. Monroe Beardsley, Aesthetics Indianapolis: Hackett, 1958.
2. Bender, John, Contemporary Philosophy of Art: Readings in Analytic
Aesthetics
3. Englewood, Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993.
4. Burke Edmund, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the
Sublime and Beautiful, Ed. by James T. Boulton. Notre Dame: Uni versity of
Notre Dame Press, (1957/1968).
5. Carroll Noell, Beyond Aesthetics: Philosophical Essays Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2001.
6. Carver Terrell (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Marx, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1991.
7. Cazeux Clive, The Continental Aesthetics Reader London: Routledge , 2000.
8. Elton William (Ed), Aesthetics and Language Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959.
9. Hamilton Edith & Huntington Cairns, The Collected Dialogues of Plato,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961 (for Plato‘s Republic and
Symposium).
10. Hegel, G. W. Aesthetics : Lectures on Fine Art (Vol 1) (Trans. T.M. Knox)
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
11. Heidegger Martin, Basic Writings Ed. David Ferrell Krell London: Routledge,
(1977/1993).
12. Hospers John (Ed) Introductory Readings in Aesthetics New York: The Free
Press, 1969.
13. Hume David ―Of the Standard of Taste‖ in Essays: Moral, Political and
Literary, Eugene Miller (ed.), Indianapolis: Liberty, 1985.
14. Kant Immanuel Critique of Judgment. T rans. Werner Pluhar. Indianapolis:
Hackett (1790/1987).
15. Kearney Richard & Rasmussen David (Eds), Continental Aesthetics:
Romanticism to Postmodernism Malden: Blackwell, 2001.

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16. Kelly Michael, Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (4 volumes) Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1996.
17. Lamarque Peter et al (Eds), Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art: The
Analytic Tradition Malden: Blackwell , 2004.
18. Langer Susanne, Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of
Reason, Rite and Art New York: Mentor Books, 1951.
19. Leopol d David, The Young Karl Marx Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2007.
20. Marcuse Herbert, The Aesthetic Dimension: Towards a Critique of Marxist
Aesthetics, Boston: Beacon, 1978.
21. Butcher SH, Aristotle‘s Poetics, Hill and Wang, 1961.
22. Osborne Harold (Ed), Aesthetics London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
23. Scruton Roger, Art and Imagination, London: Methuen, 1974.
24. Weitz Morris, Problems in Aesthetics: An Introductory Book of Readings
New York: Macmillan, 1959.
25. Gombrich EH, Art and Illusion, Pantheon Book s, 1960.
26. Wolheim , Art and its Objects, Cambridge University Pres, 1980.

Indian Debates:
1. Amaladass Anand, Philosophical implications of Dhvani, Vienne: S. J. Pub.
of DeNobil; Research Lib, 1984.
2. Bhattacharya S.P, Studies on Indian Poetics, Calcutta, De, SK, History of
Sanskrit Poetics, 2 Vols./ Calcutta, 2nd Edition, 1960.
3. Coomaraswamy A, The transformation of Nature in Art, New York Dover
Publications, 1956.
4. Coomaraswami A, The Dance of Siva, New Delhi: Sagar Publication, 1987.
5. Gnoli R, The aesthetics experience according to Abhinavagupta,
Chowkharnba Series Vol. LXII 1968.
6. Kane P.V. (1961) History of Sanskrit Poetics Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1961.
7. Khanna Madhu and Ajit Mookerjee , The Tantric Way, Thames and
Hudson, 1989.

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8. Krishnamoorthy, Dhvanyalo ka and its critics, Kavyalaya publishers, 1968 .
9. Pande K.C, Comparative aesthetics - Vol. I (Indian aesthetics)
Chowkhamba Series, seconded (Revised), 1959.
10. Patnaik Priyadarshi, Rasa in Aesthetics: An Application to Modern
Western Literature , New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 1997.
11. Sri Aurobindo, The Foundations of Indian Arts, Culture. Sri Aurobindo
Ashram Pondicherry, 1952.
12. Tagore Rabindranath, On art and aesthetics Kolkatta: Orient Longmans
and The Meaning of Art -Lalit Kala Academy, Delhi, 196 1.



f. Philosophy o f Education
Unit I : The struggle for Universal/ Inclusive Education in India
A. Macaulay Minutes and Critique of Macaulay Minutes
B. The Movements for Inclusive Education ( Savitribai Phule, Pandita Ramabai)
Unit II: The Commissions of Education
A. Functions of Education
B. Recommendations of the Commissions
C. Critique of the Commissions
Unit III : Perspectives in Philosophy of Education
A. Plato, Dewey, J.Krishnamurthi, Tarabai Modak
B. Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Tagore, Gandhi
Unit IV : Critique of Education
A. Ivan Illich and Paul Friere
B. Challenges in the field of Education

Bibliography
1. A Review of Education in Bombay State 1855 -1955. (1958). Poona: Govt. of
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3. Alexander, P. C. (1995). The Perils of Democracy. Bombay: Somaiya Publication
Pvt. Ltd.
4. Altekar, A. S. (1965). Education in Ancient India. Varanasi: Nanda Shekhar &
Bros.
5. Atmapriyananda. (2010). Ramakr ishna Mission - A Saga of Service for a Hundred
Years & More. Kolkata: Ramakrishna Math & Ramakrishna Mission.
6. Aurobindo. (n.d.). Sri Aurobindo on Education.
7. Bailey, R., Barrow, R., Carr, D., & McCarthy, C. (Eds.). (2010). The SAGE
Handbook of Philosophy o f Education. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi,
Singapore and Washington: Sage.
8. Bedekar, D. K., & Bhanage, B. S. (1973). Bhartiya Prabodhan (Samiksha Va
Chikitsa). Pune: Devdatta Dabholkar .
9. Bhave, V. (1962). Democratic Values and the Practice of Citizenship. (M. Sykes,
Trans.) Madras, India: Sarva Sewa Sangh.
10. Blake, N., Smeyers, P., Richard, S., & Standish, P. (Eds.). (2003). The Blackwell
Guide to the Philosophy of Education. US, UK & Germany: Blackwell.
11. Bodhasarananda (Ed.). (2006). The Story of Ramakrishna Mission - Swami
Vivekananda's Vision and Fulfilment. Kolkata: Adwait Asram.
12. Brahmasthananda (Ed.). (2008). Shrimad Bhagavat -Gita. Kolkata: Ramakrishna
Math.
13. Brameld, T. (1961). Education For The Emerging Age Newer Ends and Stronger
Means (First ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
14. Brameld, T. (1965). The Use of Explosive Ideas in Education. USA: University of
Pittsburgh Press.
15. Brameld, T. (1971). Patterns of Educational Philosophy, Divergence and
convergence in Culturological perspective. Austin: Holt Rineha rt and Winston
INC.
16. Brubacher, J. S. (1939). Modern Philosophy of Education (3rd ed.). New York,
Toronto & London: McGraw Hill Book Company.
17. Budden, M. S., & Claire, H. (2010). New Approaches to Qualitative Research.
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18. Burkhardt, F . H. (Ed.). (1983). The Works of William James. Talks to Teachers on
Psychology. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard
University Press.
19. Catherine Sonaes, (Ed.). (2007). Oxford English Mini Dictionary. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
20. Chetnananda, S. (Ed.). (2011). Shri Ramkrushnacharnashrit: Bhagwan
Shriramkrushnanchya Kahi Shishyanchi Charitre. Nagpur: Ramakrishna Math.
21. Chitnees, A. (1980). Kosbadchya Tekdivarun. (A. Panse, Ed.) Nagpur: Rucha.
22. Christine Sleeter, S. B. (Ed.). (2012). School Education, Pluralism and Marginality
Comparative Perspectives (First ed.). New Delhi: Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.
23. Denzin, N. K., & Lincon, Y. S. (Eds.). (2008). Collecting and Interpreting
Qualitative Materials. USA: Sage.
24. Dewey, J. (1941). Education Today. (J. Ratner, Ed.) London: George Allen &
Unwin Ltd.
25. Dewey, J. (1859 -1952). Democracy and Education. Delhi: Dover.
26. Edwards, P. (Ed.). (1967). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Vol. Vi). New York:
The MacMillan Company and Free Press Collier MacMillan.
27. Elster, J., & (Eds.). (1998). Deliberate Democracy (1st ed.). UK and Australia:
Cambridge University Press.
28. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (R. M. Bergman, Trans.) London:
Penguin Book.
29. Ghormode, K. U. (2007). Bhartatil Shaikshanik Aayog Va Samitya. Nagpur:
Vidya.
30. Ghosh, G. (2012). Bhagwan Shri Ramakrishnadevanche Svatantra Vruttiche Bhakt.
(S. Chetnananda, Ed., & S. Avadhootananda, Trans.) Nagpur: Ramakrishna
Math.
31. Ghosh, S. C. (2007). History of Education in India. New Delhi: Rawat.
32. Ginsbe rg, M. (1965). On Justice in Society. London: Donald Gunn Macrea.
33. Guthrie, J. W., Putman, & McDonald (Eds.). (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Education.
34. Harris, T. L., & Hodges, R. E. (Eds.). (1995). The Literary Dictionary, The
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35. Husen, T., & Neville, T. (Eds.). (1985). The International Encyclopedia of
Education, Research and Studies (Vol. VII). Postlenthwaitepergamon: Pergmon
Press.
36. Hussain, Z. (1938). Basic National Education, Report of the Zakir Hussain
Committee and the Detailed Syllabus with a foreword by Mahatma Gandhi. Wardha:
Hindustani Talimi Sangh.
37. Joshi, R. (1996). Shikshanchitra. Mumbai : Granthali.
38. Karandikar, V. R. (1991). Ramakrishana And Vivekananda. Pune: Bhartiya Vidya
Bhavan.
39. Keer, D. (1968). Mahatma Jyotirao Phule - Aamchya Samajkrantiche Janak.
Mumbai: Popular.
40. Kilpatrik, W. H. (1923). Source Book in the Philosophy of Education. Toronto: The
MacMillan Company.
41. Kripal, P. (1968). A Decade of Education in India. Delhi, In dia: Indian Book
Company.
42. Lambert, H. M. (Ed.). (1967). Jnaneshvari (Vol. I). (G. V. Pradhan, Trans.)
London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
43. Leslie, P. (Ed.). (1967). Educational Thinkers Series – four progressive educators
(Bertrand Russell, A.S Neill, Home La ne, W.H Kilpatrick). Toronto: Collier -
MacMillan & Co. Ltd.
44. Malegaonkar, S., & Paranjape, V. (Eds.). (2003). Shikshavedh Badaltya Shikshan
Pravahacha Magova. Pune: Rajhansa.
45. Mody, N. B., Raman, K. S., & D'silva, L. (Eds.). (2001). Revitalizing Indian
Demo cracy. Allied Pub Ltd.
46. Mookerji, R. K. (n.d.). Ancient Indian Education (Brahmnical & Buddhist).
London: MacMillan.
47. Mukalel, J. C. (1997). Gandhian Education. New Delhi: Discovery.
48. Naik, C. (1978). Growing up at Kosbad - A Study of the Vikaswadi Experiment.
Kosbad: Gram Bal Shikshankendra.
49. Naik, C. (2004). Lokmanya Tilak as Educational Thinker. Pune: Indian Institute of
Education.
50. Naik, J. P., & Nurullah, S. (1974). A Students History of Educatin in India.
Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and London: The MacMillan Company of India
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51. Naik, J. V. (Ed.). (2011). Unsung Heros (Vol. I). Mumbai: Indus.
52. Narke, H. (n.d.). Mahatma Phule: Shodhachya Navya Vata. Mumbai:
Maharashtra Shasan.
53. Nussbaum, M. (2009). Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education. (S. Harvey ,
Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University.
54. O'Connor, D. J. (Ed.). (1985). A CRITICAL HISTORY OF WESTERN
PHILOSOPHY (First Paperback Edition ed.). New York: The Free Press.
55. Ozmon, H., & Craver, S. (Eds.). (1990). Philosophical Foundation of Education
(4th ed.). New York: MacMillan.
56. Panse, R. (2006). Shikshan: Parivartanachi Samajik Chalval. Pune: Diamond.
57. Panse, R. (2007). Mulanche Shikshan. Pune: Diamond.
58. Panse, R. (2008). Shikshan Vicharmanthan. Pune: Diamond.
59. Panse, R. (n.d.). Nayi Talim - Gandhipranit Shikshanvishayak Prayogacha Itihas.
Pune and Wardha: Diamond and Gandhi Sewa Sangh.
60. Passmore, J. (1970). The Perfectibility of Man. London: Duckworth.
61. Patel, M. S. (1953). The Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.
Ahemadabad: Navjivan.
62. Peters, R. S. (1 966). Ethics and Education. London: George Allen and Unwin
Ltd.
63. Peters, R. S. (1973). Authority, Responsibility and Education (New ed.). London:
George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
64. Peterson, P., Baker, E., & McGaw, B. (Eds.). (2010). International Encyclopedia of
Education (3rd ed., Vol. VI). UK: Elsevier.
65. Phatak, P. (1981). Shikshantadnya Tarabai Modak. Mumbai: Majestic.
66. Postman, N. (1996). The End of Education (First ed.). New York: Vintage Book.
67. Pring, R. (2004). Philosophy of Education - Aims, Theory, Common Se nse and
Research. New York and London: Continuum.
68. Pruthi, R., & Chaturvedi, A. (Eds.). (2008). Encyclopedia of Gandhian Thought.
New Delhi: Commonwealth.
69. Vaidya, A. (2013). Vedh Shikshankshetratil Aavhanancha. Mumbai: Vidya
Education Society.
70. Vivekananda. (1959). Complete works of Swami Vivekananda. Kolkata: Advait
Ashram.

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71. 71.Whitehead, A. N. (1929). Aims of Education and Other Essays. Toronto:
The MacMillan Company.
72. 72.Wilfred, C. (2005). Philosophy of Education. London & New York:
Routledge.References
73. Brub acher,J.S.(1939).Modern Philosophy of Education( 3rd ed )New York,
Toronto & London:McGraw Hill Book Company.
74. Blake,N Smeyers, P, Richard,S& Standish, P. (Eds.).(2003).The Blackwell
Guide to the Philosophy of Education.US,UK& Germany:Blackwell
75. Wittgenstein .(1953) Philosophical Investigation Chichester:Oxford and
Blackwell
76. Pring,R (2004). Philosophy of Education -Aims,Theory,Common Sense and
Research.New York and London:Continuum.
77. Patel,M.S., (1953) The Educational Philosophy of Mahatma
Gandhi,Ahmadabad:Navji van.
78. Ozmon,Howard and Craver,Samuel,(1990) Philosophical foundation of
education 4th education,New York: MacMillan publishing company.
79. Philips D.C, ―The SAGE Handbook of Philosophy of education‖, EDI.Bailey
R.,Barrow R., Carr D, McCarthy C, Los Angeles, Lo ndon ,New
Delhi,Singapore and Washington,Sage 2010
80. Sri Aurobindo, Sri Aurobindo and The Mother On Education, Sri Aurobindo
Ashram,Pondicherry (1995)
81. P.B.Saint - Hilaire ,Education and the Aim of Human Life. Sri Aurobindo
Ashram, Pondicherry (1996).
82. Yoga and Education ( Essays by various authors ),Sri Aurobindo
Ashram,Pondihcerry,(2010)
83. Ranade, Sraddhalu,Introduction to Integral Education" by Sraddhalu Ranade
.SAIIER, Auroville (2007)
84. Swami Vivekananda, The Complete works of Swami Vivekananda, Advaita
Ashram, 1994.
85. Swami Chetananda, (Edited).Swami Vivekananda - Vedanta : Voice of
Freedom. Advaita Ashram,1994.Calcutta.
86. T.S. Avinashilingam .Educational Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda Sri
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore (1974)
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88. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/gandhis.PDF
89. S.V. Prabhath Perspectives on Nai Talim, Serials Publications, 2010
90. Hussain Zakir, (1938) Baic Nation Education, report of the Zakir Hussain
Committee and the detailed syllabus with a forward by Mahatma Gandhi,
Wardha, Hindustani Talimi Sangh.
91. Mukalel, Joseph C,(1997) Gandhian Education, New Delhi, Discovery.
92. Naik, Chitra, (ed),(2004) Growing up at Kosbad – A stud y of the Vikarwadi
Experiment, Kosbad: Gram Balshikshan Kendra
93. Ozmon, Howard and Craver, Samuel (1990) Philosophical Foundation of
Education, 4th Education, New York, MacMillan Publishing Company.
94. Patel, M.S., (1953) The Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi,
Ahmedabad: Navajivan.
95. Dewey John, (1941) Education Today, (Ed) Ratner Joseph, London: George
Allen and Unwin Ltd.
96. Basu Ananthnath.,(1946) Education in Modern India – A Brief Review,
Calcutta, Oriental Book Company
97. Sykes, Marjorie., (1988)The S tory of Nai Talim: Fifty Years of Education at
Sevagram, 1937 -1987 : a Record of Reflections, Nayi Talim Samiti
98. Gandhi, M.K.,( 1951) Basic Education, Ahmedabad, Navajivan Publishing
House.


g. Philosophy o f Feminism
Unit I: Feminist Psychology
A. Simone de Beauvoir on women‘s situa tion: between being -for-itself a nd
being -in-itself, transcending embodiment
B. The embodied self: Irigaray and Butler
C. Cyborg: Haraway
Unit II: Feminist Epistemology
A. Feminist critique of traditional epi stemology and science: Simone de Beauvoir
and Sandra Harding
B. Feminist Empiricism
C. Feminist Standpoint Epistemology

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Unit III: Feminist Aesthetics
A. Critique of traditional aesthetics
B. Gynocentric Art
C. Rethinking Kantian Aesthetics
Unit IV: Feminist Politics
A. Liberalism (Pateman): the contract between sexes; freedom for women.
B. Feminist Socialism (Hartman and Mitchell): Critique of classical
Marxism,Women‘s cultural change in politics

References:
1. Bat-Ami Bar On ed.1994. Modern Engendering: Critical Feminist Readings in
Modern Western
Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
2. Butler Judith. 2007 (1990) Gender Trouble London and New York: Routledge.
3. 1993. Bodies that Matter . New York and London: Routledge.
4. de Beauvoir, Simone. (1949).1972. The Second Sex. Middlesex: Penguin.
5. 1962. The Ethics of Ambiguity. Citadel Press: New York.
6. 2010. The Second Sex Trans by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany -
Chevallier . London: Vintage.
7. Felski, Rita.1998. ―Critique of Feminist Aesthetics.‖ Encyclopedia of Aesthetics ,
Vol. 2. MichaelKelly , ed. New York: Oxford University Press: 170 -72.
8. Gatens, Moira. (1991). Feminism and Philosophy: Perspectives on Difference and
Equality . Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
9. Harding, Sandra.1986. The Science Question in Feminism. Milton Keynes: Open
University Press.
10. 1991. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women‘s Lives.
Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

11. 1996. ―Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What is ‗Strong Objectivity‘?‖ In
Feminism and Science , ed. Evelyn Fox Keller and Helen E.Longino, 235 -248.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12. 2001. ―After Absolute Neutrality: Expanding Science.‖ In Feminist Scien ce
Studies: A New Generation ,ed, Maralee Mayberry, Banu Subramaniam, Lisa
H.Weasel,291 -304. New York and London: Routledge.
13. Hein, Hilde and Carolyn Korsmeyer, eds. (1993). Aesthetics in Feminist
Perspective . Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
14. Hornsby, Jennifer and Fricker M Ed. 2000 The Cambridge Companion to
Feminism in Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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15. Irigaray, Luce. 1985. Speculum of the Other Woman . Trans. Gillian C. Gill.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
16. Jaggar Alison and Iris Marion Young eds. 1998. A Companion to Feminist
Philosophy .Alison M. Jaggar and Iris Marion Young. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
17. Keller, Evelyn Fox.1992. Secret s of Life/Secrets of Death: Essays on Language,
Gender and Science. New York: Routledge.
18. Korsmeyer, Carolyn. (2004). Gender and Aesthetics: An Introduction . London:
Routledge.
19. Kourney, Janet ed. 1988. Philosophy in a Feminist Voice: Critiques and
Reconstructions . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
20. Lovibond, Sabina.1989. ―Feminism and Postmodernism.‖ New Left Review
178 Winter, 5 -28.
21. 1994. ―Feminism and the Crisis of Rationality.‖ New Left Review 207,
September/October, 72 -86.
22. Pollock, Griselda.1988. Vision and Difference: Femininity, Feminism and the
Histories of Art . London: Routledge.
23. Mitchell Juliet. 1974. Psychoanalysis and Feminism London: Allen Lane.
24. Moi, Toril. 1985 . Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory . London:
Metheun. Mulvey, Laura.1989 Visual and Other Pleasures . London: Macmillan.
25. Nicholson, Linda. 1994. Feminism/Postmodernism New York and
London:Routledge.
26. Nochlin, Linda. 1988. ―Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?‖
Women, Art, and Power and Other Essays . New York: Harper and Row.
27. Parker, R ozsika and Griselda Pollock. (1981). Old Mistresses: Women, Art and
Ideology. New York: Pantheon Books.
28. Tong Rosemarie 1989. Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction . Boulder,
CO: Westview Press.



h. Philosophy And Film
Unit I: Academic engagement with film in a philosophical context
A. Film histories: Hollywood (pre -WWI), European (post -WWII), Indian
(colonial and post -colonial, commercial and popular)
B. Film as text: journalistic and academic/philosophical approaches
C. Film and knowledge: cognitive approach and its critics
Unit II: Debating the ontological status of film
A. The Silent Film (Rudolf Arnheim) and Realism (Andre Bazin; Stanley Cavell)

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B. Film as Dream (Suzanne Langer)
C. Film as Language (Gregory Currie)
Unit III: Cinema ‘s Concepts/Images
A. Movement Images (Classic Cinema) and Time Images (Modern Cinema)
Deleuze
B. Moving Images: Arthur Danto and Noel Carroll
Unit IV: Authors and Spectators
A. Auteur theory, c ollabo rative authorship and debates
B. Reception: emotive, social -critical and epistemological

Reading List:*
1. Adorno,Theodor.1991 TheCulture Industry Routledge: London
2. Arnheim, Rudolf. 1957. Film as Art . Berkeley: University of California Press.
3. Bazin, André. 1967 and 1971. What is Cinema? 2 volumes. Hugh Grey, tr.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
4. Belton, John 1998 ―American cinema and film history‖ in The Oxford Guide to
Film Studies ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford
University Press
5. Andrew, Dudle y 1998 ―Film and History‖ in The Oxford Guide to Film Studies
ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. Benjamin, Walter. 1969 Illuminations , New York: Schocken Books
7. Carroll, Nöel. 1988. Philosophical Problems of Classical Film Theory . Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
8. Carroll, Nöel and Jinhee Choi. 2006. The Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures:
An Anthology . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
9. Carroll, Nöel, et al. 1998. ―Film,‖ in Encyclopedia of Aesthetics . Michael Kelly,
ed. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press). Volume 2, 185 -206.
10. Cavell, Stanley. 1979. The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film . Enl.
Ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
11. Currie, Gregory. 1995. Image and Mind: Film, Philosop hy, and Cognitive Science .
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Deleuze, Gilles.1986. Cinema I: The Movement -Image Minneapolis: University of
Minnesota Press
13. 1989. Cinema II: The Time -Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
14. Forbes, Jill 1998 ―The French Nouvelle Vague‖ The Oxford Guide to Film Studies
ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford Univer sity Presss
15. Gaut, Berys. 2004. ―The Philosophy of the Movies: Cinematic Narration,‖
in The Blackwell Guide to Aesthetics . Peter Kivy, ed. (Oxford: Blackwell
Publishing), 230 -253.

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16. Livingstone, Paisley and Carl Plantinga eds. 2009 . The Routledge Companion to
Philosophy and Film Oxon: Routledge
17. Monticelli, Simona 1998 ―Italian post -war cinema and Neo -Realism‖ The
Oxford Guide to Film Studies ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
18. Mulvey, Laura. 1989 (1981)‖Afterthoughts on ‗Visual Pleasure and Narrative
Cinema‘ inspired by King Vidor‘s Duel in the Sun‖ in Visual and Other
Pleasures Bloomington: Indiana University Press
19. 2004. ―Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema‖ in L. Braudy and
M.Cohen (eds) Film Theory and Cr iticism New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Mukherjee Debashree, 2013 ―Creating Cinema‘s Reading Publics The
Emergence of Film Journalism in 1930s and 1940s in Bombay‖ in R Sundaram
(ed.) No Limits: Media Studies from India . New Delhi: Oxford University Pres s,
pp. 165 -198.
21. Petrie, Duncan 1998 ―History and cinema technology‖ in The Oxford Guide to
Film Studies ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford
University Press
22. Rajadhyaksha, Ashish 1998 ―Indian cinema‖ in The Oxford Guide to Film
Studies ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford University
Press
23. Sieglohr, Ulrike 1998 ―New German Cinema‖ in The Oxford Guide to Film
Studies ed. John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. Oxford: Oxford University
Press
24. Wartenberg, Thomas E. and Angela Cu rran. 2005. The Philosophy of Film:
Introductory Text and Readings . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
*The film history component has to reference the traditions mentioned. Choice of
cinematic texts for the above and all other sections are at the discretio n of the
course instructor.
(i)Philosophy of Management
UNIT I: The history of management -Scientific Management (Taylor), Bureaucratic (Weber),
Administrative principles (Fayol) human relations movement, neo -human movement
UNIT II: Theories in Organisational Behaviour and Organisational Culture -System
Approach, Contingency Approach, Ouchi, Peters, Waterman, Schein
UNIT III: Harry Braverman’s Marxism - Transorganisational Development
UNIT IV : Philosophical Foundation of Management -Rta, Rna, Dharma , Lokasamgraha,
Aparigraha, Isvarapranidhana, Nishkama Karmayoga.
Reading List:
1. George, Claude S. 1968. The history of management thought (1st ed). Englewood
Cliffs: N. J. Prentice -Hall.

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2. Hartley, Nell T. (2006.) Management history: an umbrella model. Journal of
Management History, 12 (3), 2006. pp. 278 -292.
3. S.Radhakrishnan - Indian Philosophy, Oxford,2008
4. Van Buuren, H. J. III. (2008). Fairness and the Main Management Theories of the
Twentieth Century: A Historical Review, 1900 –1965. Journal of Business Ethics . Vol
82. 634 -644.
5. Wren, D. A. (2005.) The history of management thought, (5th ed). Hoboken, N.J.:
John Wiley.
6. Hiriyanna M. - Indian Conception of Values, Kavyalaya Publishers, 1975
7. Greenberg, Jerald. Managing Behavior in Organizations . 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 2004. ISBN: 9780131447462.
8. Renton David - Dissident Marxism: Past voices for present times. New York: Zed
Books.
9. Taylor, F. W. (1911). The principles of scientific management . New York: Harper
Brothers.
10. Braverman, Harry (1998) [1974]. Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of
Work in the Twentieth Century . New York: Monthly Review Press.

11. Braverman, Harry. 1956. “Which Way to a New American Radicalism?” The American
Socialist (April). Available at the Marxist Internet Archive.

j. Schools Of Yoga
Unit I
Bhaktiyoga: the path of love, heart, emotion, sentiment; types of persons for whom
the Bhaktipath is suitable; definitions and meaning of Bhakti‘: concepts of Ishvara;
qualifications of the sadhaka aspiring for the Bhaktipath and the teacher who
imparts Bh aktividya; the need for a guru; basic discipline of Bhakti; ceremonials,
worship, rituals and mantra chantings as aids to Bhakti; role of renunciation ;
aparabhakti and parabhakti; unconditional love towards God
Unit II
Karmayoga : the path of action as t he very essence of life; types of persons for whom
the Karampath is suitable ; Karma and character formation; Karmayoga vs
Karmasanyasa; the attitudes or approach of a sadhaka towards action – no difference
between ―trivial ― and ―important ― actions; the secret of Karmayoga – Detached
work – Niskamakarma – Duty – consciousness; working in Freedom; the ideal of
Karma Yoga

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Unit II I
Jnanayoga : the path of thought, intellect, reasoning; types of persons for whom
Jnanapath is suitable; the spiritual nature of a person – the concept of Atman; the
notions of individual spirit and the Universal Spirit; Shri Shankaracharya, a
representative of Jnanay ogins ; the Vedantin‘s concept of Maya ; Nirguna Nirakara
Brahman as the Absolute Highest Reality ; Brahman and Atman ; Brahman and God
; the Absolute and the manifestation.
Unit IV
Jnanayoga (contd.) The Atman ; its bondage and freedom ; avidya as the ca use of
bondage ; Brahmjnana is freedom; difference between Brahmajnana of Advaitin and
Brahmajnana of Vishistadvaitin interpretations of Mahavakyas : Tat Tvam asi, Abam
Brahmasmi, Ayam Atma Brahman and Prajananam Brahman.

Practicals & or project work:
Technique for practicals: Bhakti : Ishvarapranidhana ; Mantrajapa or Namajapa;
pranavajapa; Bhajan, Kritan Karma : Tapah Svadhyaya, Ishvarapranidhana; Mauna –
Kastha Mauna & Akara Maune Surrendering of Actions and fruits thereof to God .

Selected Readings :
(1) ‗The four Yogas of Swami Vivekananda‘ – Condensed and Retold by Swami
Tapasyananda (Pub.: Advaita Ashrama ; 5 Delhi Entally Road, Kolkata 700 014)
(2) ‗Bhakti – Yoga ‗ – The Yoga of Love and Devotion ‗ – Swami Vivekananda (Pub.:
Advaita Ashrama ; 5 De lhi Entally Road, Kolkata 700 014)
(3) ‗ The Yoga of action – Karma Yoga‘ – Swami Vivekananda (Pub.: Advaita
Ashrama ; 5 Delhi Entally Road, Kolkata 700 014)
(4) ‗ The Yoga of Knowledge – Jnana Yoga – Swami Vivekanand (Pub.: Advaita
Ashrama ; 5 Delhi Ent ally Road, Kolkata 700 014)
(5) ‗Quintessence of Yoga Philosophy‘ – D.V. Athalya (Pub.: D.B. Taraporevala Sons
& Co. Pvt. Ltd.,)
k. Sufi Philosophy
Unit I
A. Sources and Origin of Sufism ---Non -Islamic origins? Sufism within the
context of Islam.
B. Historical outlines of Classical and Post -Classical Sufism

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Unit II
A. The Path and its Station.
B. Perfect Man & the Role of the Sufi Master.
Unit III
A. Early Sufis : Hasan al -Basri and Rabi‘a al Adawiyya
B. Theosophical Sufism: Ibn Arabi and Ibn al Farid
Unit IV
A. The Pilgrimage of the Birds: Sana‘i and Attar.
B. The Master: Shams Tabrizi and Rumi The Encyclopedia Iranica is a
comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization
in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Veneration of
Saints and Miracles. Indian subcontinent http://www.iranicaonline.org/
¾ Nicholson, Reynold ---The Mystics of Islam (Penguin)

Bibliography
1. Nicholson, Reynold (1990) The Mystics of Islam. (New York: Penguin)
2. Nicholson, Reynold (1979) Studies in Islamic Mysticism (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press)
3. Schimmel, Annemarie (1982) As Through A Veil : Mystical Poetry in Islam.
(New York : Columbia University Press)
4. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002) The Heart of Islam (San Francisco: Harper)
5. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007) Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of
Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition (New York: Harper One)
6. Arberry, A.J. (1955) Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam (London:
Allen and Unwin)
7. Arberry A.J. (1942) An Introduction to the History of S ufism (London:
Longmans) Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998) The Sufi Orders of Islam (Oxford:
Oxford University Press)
8. Smith, Margaret (1984) Rabi'a The Mystic and Her Fellow -Saints in Islam
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
9. J. Arberry, A. J. (1993) Muslim Saints and Mystics (Hasan al -Basri) translation
of Farid AlDin Attar‘s Tadhkirat al -Auliya ---Memorial of Saints
(London:Routledge & Kegan Paul)
10. Akkach,Samer (1997) "Ibn 'Arabî's Cosmogony and the Sufi Concept of Time."
In Constructions of Time in the Late Middle Ages (ed.) Carol Poster and
Richard Utz. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press)
11. Arberry, A. J. (1952) The Mystical Poems of Ibn Al ‐Farid (2 vols.) (London:
Emery Walker)

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12. Schimmel, Annemarie (2001) Rumi's World : The Life and Works of the
Greatest Sufi Poet (Shambhala Dragon)
13. Schimmel, Annemarie (1980) The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of
Jalaloddinn Rumi (London: East ‐West Pub)
14. Leonard Lewisohn, Christopher Shackle (2007) Attar and the Persian Sufi
Tradition: The Art of Spiritual Flight (London: I.B. Tauris in association with
The Institute of Ismaili Studies)



l. Symbolic Logic (Relational Logic a nd Axiomatic Systems)
Unit I: Logic of Relation
a. The Logic of Relations; symbolizing relational propositi ons; Attribute possessed by
relations -Symmetry, Transitivity and reflexivity. Identity and definite Description
b. Constructing formal proofs of validity for arguments involving relations,
Unit II: An Axiom System for the prepositional Calculus :
a. Elliot Mendelson’s System
b. Theorms in M.S.: Theorems about M.S.; Metatheorems , Metalogic
Unit III: Set Theory
a. Various notions related to set theory. Three Axioms of Set theory
b. Symbols and definition of Set, Null Set, Union, Intersection, Difference
Unit IV: Set Theory
a. The Zermalo -Frankel System
b. Theorems in Zarmalo -Frankel System

References:
1. Introduction to logic, Suppes Patrick, Van Nostrand Reinhold C. New York.
2. Symbolic Logic – Irving Copi, 5th Edition, Colleier Macmill an Publishers,
London, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
3. ‘Introduction to Mathematical Logic’, Elliot Mendelson (Wadsworth and Brooks
Cole, Advanced Bookds and Software Pacific Grove, California.
4. ‘Metalogic: An – Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First order Logic’,
Geoffrey Hunter, Macmillan and Co., London and Basingstoke.
5. ‘Axiometic Set Theory, Suppes Patrick, Van Nostrand Reinhold C. New York.

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6. Tarkshashastra, (Hindi Book) 4th Edition, Krishna Jain, D.K. Printworld, New Delhi,
1998.
7. Tarkshashtra – Traditional and S ymbolic Logic, (Marathi Book) Dr. Sunita Ingle and
Prof. Vandana Ghushe, Vasu Prakashan, Nagpur, 2004.



m. Yoga Ethics
Unit I
A. Eight Angas of Patanjali‘s yoga – an important ethical means;
B. Pancha Yamah; concept of mahavrtam; Pancha Niyamah;
C. Thoughts of e vil tendencies & Pratipakshabhavanam
(Analysis of Sutras 2/28 to 2/34)
Unit II
Effects of practising PanchaYamah and Pancha Niyamah
(Analysis of Sutras 2/35 to 2/45)
Unit III
A. Abhyasa and Vairagya as means to restraining the vrttis;
B. Paravairagya and Aparavairagya; Maitri, Karuna, Mudita & Upeksha used as
ethical means for the purpose of purification
(Analysis of Sutras 1/12 to 1/16 and 1/33)
Unit IV
Kriyayoga in Patanjali‘s system; pr actice of Tapah, Svadhyaya and
Ishv arapranidhana; purpose of kriy ayoga –removal of panchakleshah and bringing
about Samadhi; Att achment, Aversion and Clinging to worldly life as major
setbacks to ethical progress; Pratiprasava (involution) of the kleshah through Ethical
means
(Analysis of Sutras 2/1 to 2/4 and 2/7 to 2/17)
Note: The sutras listed above are to be studied through Vyasabhasya and
Vachaspati Mishra‘s vrtti

Practicals &/or Project Work
Techniques for Practicals:

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a. Saucha (Yoga purity) – Jalaneti, Sutraneti, Wamanadhau ti, kapalabhati,
nauli
b. Tapas: Dhanurasana , Paschimottasana , Bhujangasana;
Yonimudra (Shanmukhi), Vajrasana, Ekapadasana, Utkatasana
c. For practice of Yamah: Maitri bhavana, karuna bhavana, Mudita (1/33)
And pratipaksha bhavana (2/33)

Reference books
1. The Yoga of Patanjali – Ed: M.R. Yardi
(pub: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune
2. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Edwin F. Bryant
(pub: North Point Press, New York, printed in India Replika press Pvt. Ltd.)
3. The Yoga System of Patanjali – James Haughton Woods
(pub: Motilal Banarasidas, Mahalaxmi Chambers , Mumbai 400 026)
4. Patanjali‘s Yoga Sutras w ith the Commentary of Vyasa and gloss of Vachaspati
Mishra
(pub: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi)
Or
(pub: Divine Books, Indological Publishers, 40/5 Shakti Nagar, Delhi 110 007)

Selected Reference Works:
1. A History of Indian Philos ophy – Jadunath Sinha, Vol. II, Ch. II (Yoga
Philosophy)
2. Indian Philosophy – S. Radhakrishnan Vol. II, Ch. V (The Yoga System of
Patanjali)

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Paper XV I Dissertation:
Students have to write a dissertation of 1500 words on a research problem in
philosophy.