M Sc Life Sciences specialization Aquaculture Technology Semester III and IV 1 Syllabus Mumbai University by munotes
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AC – 11/07/2022
Item No. 6.2 (R)
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Revised Syllabus for
M.Sc.
(LIFE SCIENCES)
Specialization in Aquaculture Technology
Semester: III & IV
(CBCS)
(With effect from the academic year 2022 -23)
Page 4
Page 5
M. Sc. LIFE SCIENCES
SEMESTER III & IV
PREAMBLE:
The designers of the Master’s Programme in Life Sciences are conscious of the fact that the learners
who chose to pursue this programme in Life Sciences are from different disciplines and would need to
be familiarized with the scope of Life Sciences. The courses in this programme are common to all
learners in the first year (Semester I and II) and they are given a firm and comprehensive foundation in
this multidisciplinary subject in this year.
The syllabus of the Semester III and IV of the Masters level in Life Sciences allows the learner to
explore the different facets of Life Sciences. The learner has the option to select between the four
specializations offered at the Second Year (Semester III and IV) of the programme namely:
Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology and Aquaculture Technology which
would be awarded on the basis of seats available and merit.
The Semester III would allow the learner to appreciate the finer nuances of the specialization selected
which would be detailed in each of the courses (4 theory and 4 practical) specific to that specialization.
The Semester IV gives the learner an opportunity for hands -on extension of the theory that was taught
in the preceding semesters and design projects or develop methods that are scientifically relevant or
mitigate a social challenge with the appropriate application of the tenets of this discipline through a
comprehensive Literature Review (Course 403) and Project (Course 404). The learners would be
encouraged to publish the results of their research or present them at relevant platforms such as
seminars/ conferences etc.
The learner would earn 48 credits at the end of Semester III and IV (24 credits in each semest er) that
includes both theory and practical aspects as detailed below. In both semesters, the learner would be
exposed to courses that impart core knowledge of the specialization and also expose the learner to skills
relevant in that particular specializat ion. There are about 13 credits (denoted by an Asterix) devoted to
this aspect of learning.
Value added courses would also be recommended to the learner as extra but pertinent reading.
The design of the M. Sc. Life Sciences – Specialization Aquaculture Technology course for Semester
III and IV have been outlined below:
Dr. Anuradha Majumdar (Dean, Science and Technology)
Prof. Shivram Garje (Associate Dean, Science)
Name of Chairperson (BoS): Dr. Indu Anna George.
Member (BoS): Dr. Nandita Mangalore
Member (BoS): Dr. Hemalata Ramchandran
Member (BoS): Dr. Tejashree Shanbhag
Member (BoS): Dr. Priya Sundarrajan.
Member (BoS): Dr. Nilima Gajbhiye
Syllabus framework and details as per University style and template
Page 6
STRUCTURE FOR THE SEMESTER III AND SEMESTER IV
MASTER’S COURSE IN LIFE SCIENCES – SPECIALIZATION IN AQUACULTURE
TECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER III
Theory Credit
4
UNITS Practical
credit 2
Paper UT1 UT2 UT3 UT4 P1 P2
PSLSMBT301 Core Core Core Core 2.0 Cr
PSLSMBT302 Core Skill* Skill* Core 1.0 Cr 1.0* Cr
PSLSMBT303 Core Core Core Skill* 1.5 Cr 0.5* Cr
PSLSMBT304 Skill* Skill* Core Core 1.0 Cr
Total Credits: 4 x4 = 16; 2 x 4=8; 16 + 8 = 24.
EXAMINATION DETAILS:
Paper PSLSMBT301 PSLSMBT302 PSLSMBT303 PSLSMBT304
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext Tota
l
Theory 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100
Practical 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Total
Marks
150
150
150
150
Grand Total: 600 marks.
Page 7
SEMESTER IV
Theory Credit
4
UNITS Practical
credit 2
Paper UT1 UT2 UT3 UT4 P1 P2
PSLSMBT401 Core Core Core Core 2.0 C -
PSLSMBT402
Core
Skill*
Skill*
Core 0.5 + 0.5
C 0.5* +
0.5* C
PSLSMBT403
Skill*
Lit review
Lit review
Lit review
0.5*C Draft
Paper
PSLSMBT404
Skill* Internship/
Project Internship
/Project Internship/
Project Internship
/Project Internship
/Project
Examination Details:
Paper PSLSCMBT401 PSLSCMBT402 PSLSCMBT403 PSLSCMBT404
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext
Total
Int
Ext Tota
l
Theory 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100
Practical 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Total
Marks
150
150
150
150
Grand total: 600 marks.
** Assessment pattern for PSLSCMBTT403
Internal: 10 marks for skill (test); 30 marks from Lit review Thesis submission = 40
External: 15 marks for skill (exam) and 45 marks of Lit review viva (exam) = 60
** Assessment pattern for PSLSCMBTP403
Practical: 25 marks skill (exam) and 25 marks draft paper (exam) = 50
*** Assessment pattern for PSLSCMBTT404
Internal: 10 marks for skill (test); 30 marks internal assessment of project/ internship by guide = 40
External: 15 marks for skill (exam) and 45 marks for thesis submission = 60
*** Assessment pattern for PSLSCMBTP404
Practical: 50 marks internship/ project viva by external (exam).
Page 8
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Syllabus for the M.Sc. Part – II:
Life Sciences – Specialization in Aquaculture
Technology
Semester III and IV
Choice Based Credit and Grading System
The academic year 2022 - 2023
Page 9
Program Objectives:
● To expose the learner to various aspects of Aquaculture Technology
● To give an insight in developing skills and knowledge in Aquaculture
Technology based research laboratories and industry application
Program Outcome:
The learner will be able to:
● Comprehend various techniques and scope of the discipline.
● Appreciate the applications of Aquaculture Technology in Research labs and
industry.
● Increase his/her employability, entrepreneurship and business skill.
● Develop ideas and plans to establish a national & international industrial
venture.
Page 10
SEMESTER III
CODE UNIT Credits Hours
PSLSMBTT301 Aquaculture Principle, Production &
Practices 4 60
I Scope and Farming Practices of Aquaculture 1 15
II Fish Production & Management of
Cultivable & Ornamental Fishes 1 15
III Pearl/Oyster, Clam & Mussel Culture, Pearl
Formation & Management 1 15
IV Mariculture and Integrated Aquaculture 1 15
PSLSMBTT302 Aquaculture Development & Management 4 60
I Prawn/Shrimp Farming Management &
Importance 1 15
II Aquatic Plants and their economic
importance* 1 15
III Practice of Cultivating and Harvesting of
Seaweed* 1 15
IV Aquafarm Machinery & Management 1 15
PSLSMBTT303 Fish Nutrition and Aquatic Animal Health
Management 4 60
I Fish Nutrition 1 15
II Ornamental Fish Nutrition 1 15
III Defense Mechanism in Fish, Shellfish &
Disease Diagnostics Tools 1 15
IV Vaccines, Disease Prevention and
Therapeutics* 1 15
PSLSMBTT304 Value Addition, Biochemical, Biotechnical
& Environmental Studies of Aquatic Life 4 60
I Value Addition and Fish Processing
Technique* 1 15
II Biochemical Studies of Aquatic Life* 1 15
III Aquaculture & Fishery Biotechnology 1 15
IV Environmental Impact on Aquaculture 1 15
PRACTICAL
PSLSMBTP301 Aquaculture Principle, Production &
Practices - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP302 Aquaculture Development, Management &
Biotechnology - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP303 Fish Nutrition and Aquatic Animal Health
Management - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP304 Value Addition, Biochemical, Biotechnical
& Environmental Studies of Aquatic Life -
Practical 2 60
Page 11
SEMESTER IV
CODE UNIT Credits Hours
PSLSMBTT401 Establishment and Management of Fish
Farm 4 60
I Present Status of Seed Production 1 15
II Reproductive biology and induced breeding
of Finfish & Shellfish 1 15
III Technology of Fishing 1 15
IV Shrimp Hatchery Management 1 15
PSLSMBTT402 Genetics, Cell Culture,
Nanobiotechnology & Aquarium
Management in Aquatic Animals 4 60
I Fish Genetics & Cytogenetic 1 15
II Fish Cell Culture* 1 15
III Nanobiotechnology* 1 15
IV Aquarium Management 1 15
PSLSMBTT403 Research Methodology, Scientific Writing
and Literature Review
I Research Methodology and Scientific
Writing* 4 60
II Literature Review 1 15
III Literature Review 1 15
IV Literature Review 1 15
PSLSMBTT404 Commercially Important Sea Food,
Microalgae, Aquatic Waste Products &
Use 4 60
I Sea Food, Microalgae, Fish Waste
Products & Use* 1 15
II Internship/Project 1 15
III Internship/Project 1 15
IV Internship/Project 1 15
PRACTICAL
PSLSMBTP401 Establishment and Management of Fish
Farm - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP402 Genetics, Cell Culture, Nanobiotechnology
& Aquarium Management in Aquatic
Animals - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP403 Research Methodology, Scientific Writing
and Literature Review - Practical 2 60
PSLSMBTP404 Commercially Important Sea Food,
Microalgae, Aquatic Waste Products & Use
Project - Internship/Project viva. 2 60
Page 12
PSLSMBTT 301: Aquaculture Principle, Production & Practices
Course Objectives: Study of aquatic life & its production.
Course Outcomes: Aquaculture management & processing methods will be utilized to strengthen
economy.
UNIT I: Scope and Farming Practices of Aquaculture
Introduction of Aquaculture: Concept, Definition and scope of aquaculture; Present status, Problems
and scope of fish farming in global and national perspective of Indian aquaculture; Aquaculture
research & development in India.
Basic Requirement for Aquaculture: Types of aquaculture practices: Extensive, Intensive, Semi -
intensive and Composite culture of fish, Polyculture, Pen and Cage culture.
Aquaculture Productivity: Role of Science and Technology in aquaculture productivity, Economic
importance of aquaculture field.
UNIT II: Fish Production & Management of Cultivable & Ornamental Fishes (15 L/ 1 C)
Fish Farming: Cultivable fishes - Major & minor Carps, Magur and Tilapia; Seed production, Nursery
management, Pond preparation and stocking, Feeding of fish and water quality management, Recent
trends in fish culture, Export of fish & fishery products, Marketing of aquaculture products as emerging
opportunities for industry, International quality, Growth & survival of productive fish culture,
Industrialization of aquaculture towards blue revolution, Freshwater aquaculture of Gold & Arowana
fish.
UNIT III: Pearl/Oyster, Clam & Mussel Culture, Pearl Formation & Management (15 L/ 1 C)
Pearl Farming: Introduction, Basic methods of pearl farming, Physiology of pearl production in
Shellfish, Process of pearl culture, Economic importance and marketing of pearl, Processing and quality
evaluation of pearls Oyster, Pearl production by tissue culture and mother pearl formation.
Mussel Culture: Introduction, Common species: Lamellidens marginalis, L.corrianus, Culture
practice: Major steps - Collection of mussels, Pre -operative conditioning, Surgery, Post -operative care,
Pond culture and harvesting of pearls.
Applications: Pearls as medicine, Cosmetics and Ornaments. Economic importance of pearls.
UNIT IV: Mariculture and Integrated Aquaculture
Mariculture: Introduction, Cultivation of marine organisms, Food and other products obtained by
marine organisms, Non -food products produced by mariculture including fish meal, chitin/ chitosan.
Mariculture: An overview of marine progress in India.
Integrated Farming Systems: Design, Principle, Global status, Farming practices, Constraints and
Integr ation of aquaculture with agriculture, horticulture and live stock farming; Wastewater -fed
aquaculture, Beautification of urban areas, public aquaria.
PSLSMBTP 301: Aquaculture Principle, Production & Practices -
Practical
Practicals:
1. Identification of commercially important marine & freshwater Cultivable fishes
2. Estimation of Primary Productivity
Page 13
3. Production of chitin/ chitosan from shrimp shells or other suitable sources.
4. Identification of commercially important Freshwater Bivalve
5. Identification of commercially important Sea water Oyster
6. Visit to Integrated fish farm.
7. Visit to Sea shore, fish markets & dockyard.
REFERENCES
1. S.D.Tripathi, W.S. Lakra & N.K. Chadha, 2018. Aquaculture in India, Narendra Publishing
House
2. Ujwala Jadhav, 2010. Aquaculture Technology and Environment. Publ. PHI Publication
3. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture . ICAR.
4. Pillay T.V.R., 1990. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices . Fishing News Books, Cambrige
University Press, Cambridge.
5. Pillay T.V.R. & Kutty M.N., 2005. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices . 2ndEd. Blackwell
6. Venugopal S., 2005. Aquaculture . Pointer Publ.
7. Agarwal S.C., 2008. A Handbook of Fish Farming . 2nd Ed. Narendra Publ.House.
8. Beveridge M.C.M. & Mc. Andrew B. J,. 2000. Tilapias: Biology and Exploitations . Kluwer.
Page 14
PSLSMBTT 302: Aquaculture Development and Management
Course Objectives: Study of Prawns, Seaweeds and Development & management of Aquatic Life.
Course Outcomes: To get a quality production and pr ocessing of aquatic plants, animals and farming
knowledge.
UNIT I: Prawn/ Shrimp Farming Management & Importance
Prawn farming: Major types of freshwater Prawn, Freshwater Prawn farming: Culture Practice:
Monoculture and polyculture practice of Prawn. Pond preparation: Nursery rearing, Stocking, Feeding
and Water quality management, Disease prevention and treatment.
Shrimp farming: Systems of farming: Extensive, Semi -intensive and Intensive; Site selection.
Infrastructure requirement: Design and construction of pond, Stocking, Feed and water quality
management, Disease prevention and treatment. Shrimp processing for exports, Economics of shrimp
farming.
Soil & Water Quality Management: Soil: Physical & chemical properties, Types, Distribution,
Suitable soil for aquaculture, pH correction of soil, Management of alkalinity & acidity of soil, Quality
monitoring & management. Water: Physical & chemical properties, Quality standards, Quality
monitoring & management.
UNIT II: Aquatic Plants and their economic importance*
Ornamental Plants : Aquarium plants and aquatic gardens: General types and description of aquarium/
ornamental plants. primary producers, Heterophylly: Temperature, Hormones, Water status. Advantage
of growing aquatic plants in fish tanks and aquaria.
Marine Plants – Types, Macro, Micro algae, Phytoplankton and Dinoflagellates.
Bioprospecting of bioactives from aquatic sources: antioxidants, anti-cancer, antibiotic, neurotoxins,
phycotoxin etc. with examples) isolated from Marselia minua, Acorus calamus, Nymphea, Vallisneria
(antidermatitis), Marine Dinoflagellates and Phytoplankton
Cultivation of Aquatic Plants : Traditional methods and Plant tissue culture of aquarium plants,
Molecular breeding and cold resistance for aquatic plants.
Dangers of Exotic Aquarium/ Aquatic Plants : Hitchhikers and invasive species.
Plant Aquaculture : Legislation to regulate aquaculture industries and industrial applications.
UNIT III: Practice of Cultivating and Harvesting of Seaweed*
Seaweed Culture: Present status of seaweed culture in India. Site selection, Design of culture ponds
and transplanting; Determining growth pattern and environmental monitoring, Problems and prospects.
Major seaweed species of commercial importance, Methods of culture,
Post-Harvest Technology: Agar agar, Alginate, Carageenam production, Chemical composition of
Seaweeds; Processing and extraction of agar, Alginic acid, Mannitol and Carrageenan. Uses of agar,
Algin, Manitol, Carrageenan and other uses of seawe ed. Seaweed cultivation in coastal area of India
for small scale fisheries.
UNIT IV: Aquafarm Machinery & Management
Aeration system: Principle, Classification, Aeration process in aqua farm and maintenance, Types of
aerators and their application in aqua farms, Operation and maintenance
Page 15
Filter system: Introduction, Principle of filtration, Types, Rate of filtration, Construction and their
maintenance. Advantages & disadvantages.
Pumps: Introduction, Types, Working, Maintenance, Application in aqua farms, Operation and
maintenance aspects - Selection of pumps for the aquafarms
Boat: Introduction of different types of Boat & motors.
Feeders: Types & maintenance
PSLSMBTP 302: Aquaculture Development, Management &
Biotechnology - Practical
Practicals:
1. Identification of commercially important marine & freshwater Prawn
2. Visit to freshwater Shrimp/Prawn farms
3. Microropagation of aquarium/aquatic plants
a. Media preparation
b. Shoot culture establishment
c. Rooting of the microshoot
d. Acclimatization.
4. Aerators & filtration system in aquarium
5. Identification of commercially important freshwater & marine Seaweeds
6. Water Analysis: pH, BOD, COD, Dissolved oxygen, Salinity, Hardness
7. Soil Analysis: pH, soil texture, moisture
8. Chlorophyll estimation from seaweeds
REFERENCES
1. Ujwala Jadhav (2010): Aquaculture Technology and Environment. Publ. PHI Publication
2. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture . ICAR.
3. S.D. Tripathi, W.S. Lakra & N.K. Chadha, 2018. Aquaculture in India, Narendra Publishing
House
4. Economics of farm production & management by Raju, V.T., Shankerrao, oxford & ibh, 2017,
paperback
5. Faizal Bux and Yusuf Chisti (2016) Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes, Springer.
6. Stengel and Connan (2015) Natural Products from Marine Algae: Methods and Protocols.
Humana Press
7. Peter Hiscock (2003) Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants, Interpet Publishing.
8. Soil and Water Quality Management for Sustainable Aquaculture Hardcover – 1 October 2010
by R. K Saha (Author)
9. Design of Water Quality Monitoring Systems 2018 Edition by Robert C. Ward, Wiley
10. Bird, K.T. and Benson, P.H., 1987. Seaweed Cultivation for Renewable Resources. Elsevier
Science Publishers, New York. Chapman,
11. A.R.O., 1992. Fourteenth International Seaweed Symposium. Kluwer Academic Press,
London
12. Chapman, V. J. and Chapman D. J., 1980. Seaweed and their uses. Methuen & Co., London.
CMFRI (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute), 1987.
13. Seaweed research and utilization in India. CMFRI Bulletin No. 41, CMFRI, Cochin, India.
FAO (Food & Agriculture Organization), 1975
14. Bimal Chandra Mal, 2021. Aquacultural facilities & equipment, Elsevier
Page 16
PSLSMBTT 303: Fish Nutrition and Aquatic Animal Health
Management
Course Objectives: To study nutritional value and impact of nutrition on animal development and
control of disease management.
Course Outcomes: To get a quality production of disease -free aquatic animals & required nutrition as
per demands.
UNIT I: Fish Nutrition
Fish Nutrition: Principles of fish nutrition and terminologies, Role of nutrients: Amino acids, Fatty
acids, Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals. Nutritional requirements of cultivable
Finfish and Shellfish.
Larval Nutrition: Nutritional requirements of fish and shellfish larvae, Quality requirements of larval
feeds (particle size, digestibility), Natural food and its importance in aquaculture, Nutritional quality of
commonly used fish food organisms (bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton) and their roles
in larval nutrition. Antinutritional factor, Nutrient deficiency and symptoms.
UNIT II: Ornamental Fish Nutrition (15 L/ 1 C)
Food and Feeding Technique: Nutritional requirement, Feed ingredients used and proximate
composition, Feed formulation, Pelleted diet preparation, Live-food, feeding of larvae, Storage of
prepared feed, Overfeeding and underfeeding.
Feed formulation: Conventional and non -conventional feed stuffs, Feed formulation technology,
Growth promoting agents in aqua feed.
UNIT III: Defense Mechanism in Fish, Shellfish & Disease Diagnostics Tools
Defense Mechanism in Fish and Shellfish : Specific and non-specific defense mechanism,
Immunogenicity, Immune cells, Immune suppressant, Ontogeny of immune system; Cellular
Adaptation, Pathogen specificity.
Disease Diagnostics Tools: Histopathological methods, Tools used in different types of PCR,
Immunoassay, Biochemical assay, Monoclonal and polyclonal based antibody assay, Electron
microscopy, Serological techniques.
UNIT IV: Vaccines , Disease Prevention and Therapeutics*
Disease Prevention and Therapeutics: Vaccines and bacteriocins, Development of vaccines like
DNA vaccine, Adjuvant, etc; Disease resistance in fishes.
Fish Diseases: Bacterial, Viral, fungal etc. Administration and mode of action of pathogen specific
drugs, Drug resistance, Antiviral drugs, Drug regulation in India, Pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics, Immunostimulants.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance: History of antibiotics, Classes of antibiotics, Action of
antibiotics, Uses and misuse of drugs, AMR, Remedial measures, Alternatives to antibiotics
Page 17
PSLSMBTP 303: Fish Nutrition and Aquatic Animal Health
Management - Practical
Practicals:
1. Moisture and ash content of Feeds/fish
2. Estimation of crude fibre
3. Estimation of vitamin c from feed ingradients
4. Feed preparation.
5. Visit to aquarium/museum
6. Microbial analysis of diseased fish/prawn skin mucus
7. Isolation of microbial DNA from fish pathogens
8. Proximate composition analysis of feed ingredients and feeds
REFERENCES
1. Baton Roughe, De Silva S.S. & Anderson T.A. 1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture .
Chapman & Hall Aquaculture Series.
2. Halver J. & Hardy R.W. 2002. Fish Nutrition . Academic Press.
3. Halver J.E. & Tiews K.T. 1979. Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology .Vols. I, II
Heenemann, Berlin.
4. Ujwala Jadhav (2010). Aquaculture Technology and Environment. Publ. PHI Publication
5. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture.ICAR
6. Saroj K. Swain, Sarangi N. and Ayyappan S. 2010. Ornamental Fish Farming ICAR.
7. Ojha J.S. 2005. Aquaculture Nutrition and Biochemistry . Daya Publ.
8. Sindermann C.J. 1990. Principal Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish .Vols. I, II. 2nd Ed.
Academic Press.
9. Felix S., Riji John K, Prince Jeyaseelan M.J. & Sundararaj V. 2001. Fish Disease Diagnosis
and Health Management . Fisheries College and Research, Institute, T. N. Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University. Thoothukkudi.
10. Inglis V., Roberts R.J. & Bromage N.R. 1993. Bacterial Diseases of Fish. Blackwell.
Iwama G & Nakanishi T. (Eds.). 1996. The F ish Immune System -Organism,
Pathogen and Environment . Academic Press.
11. Shankar KM & Mohan CV. 2002. Fish and Shellfish Health Management .UNESCO Publ.
12. Kimbell E., 1988. Fundamental of Immunology.
Page 18
PSLSMBTT 304: Value Addition, Biochemical, Biotechnical &
Environmental Studies of Aquatic Life
Course Objectives: To study skill of value addition and acquire knowledge of Biochemistry,
Biotechnology and Environmental Biotechnology
Course Outcomes: Blue revolution and use of aquatic life in studies of different skilled based
techniques, uses to develop, increase the application and economy.
UNIT I: Value Addition and Fish Processing Technique*
Value addition: Definition, Shelf life, Entrepreneurship development.
Value Added Fishery Products: Types: Battered and breaded products, minced based products (fish
vada, fish cutled, fish pickle, fish chakli, fish save, etc.), Fermented products.
Colour Enhancement in Fish: Colour enhancers - Carotenoids, Different colour obtained by different
pigments.
Fish Preservation Technology: Introduction, Fundamentals, Salting, Drying, Freezing, Curing,
smoking, Marinating and fermentation.
Fish Canning: Principles, Changes during canning, Problems related to fish canning. Fish additives
and preservatives.
UNIT II: Biochemical Studies of Aquatic Life*
Cell Biology Techniques: Principles, Instrument overview, Applications of flow cytometry,
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET); Surface Plasmon Resonance.
Proteomics: Peptide synthesis and Protein sequencing methods, Detection of post-translation
modification of proteins; 2-D gel electrophoresis; Mass spectrometry; X-ray diffraction methods; Static
and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS); Capillary electrophoresis; Protein chips; Dif ferential
scanning calorimetry; Isothermal titration calorimetry.
Genomics: Oligonucleotide synthesis; DNA chips/microarrays; DNA hybridization; DNA sequencing
methods; Strategies for genome sequencing; Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and
protein level; Site directed mutagenesis; Gene knockdown; Differential display; Serial analysis of gene
expression (SAGE). Bombay duck & catfish: Protein, Energy nucleic acid, Use of growth hormone for
increase production and its effects on consumers.
UNIT III: Aquaculture & Fishery Biotechnology
Biotechnology in aquaculture : Selective breeding, Hybridization, Genetic improvement of brood
stock. Natural products from marine organisms (antimicrobial, anticancer and biomedical compounds),
Hybridoma technology, Cloning and expression of genes from marine organisms, Genetic improvement
of marine organisms and role of genetically engineered organisms. Role of biotechnology in improving
aquaculture production.
Biotechnology & Aquaculture Engineering: Application of biotechnology tools to increase the
growth rate, Commercial application of fish biotechnology.
Transgenics in Aquaculture: Production of transgenic animals, Intraspecific and interspecific
crossbreeding, Genetic conservation, Gene banking and maintaining genetic quality, Genetic
improvement of stocks: better taste & higher production.
Page 19
UNIT IV: Environmental Impact on Aquaculture
Aquatic Ecosystems: Freshwater & Marine Ecosystem - Lotic & Lentic ecosystem
Seas, Oceans, Zonation, Classification of habitat.
Aquatic Pollution: Sources, Types, causes of pollution, effect on aquatic ecosystem; Nature, Microbial
changes induced by inorganic and organic pollutants, Pollution abatement measures; Biological
indicators of pollution; Standards: National and International; Pollution Control. Greenhouse effect,
Acid rain. Sustainability & environmental management of aquaculture, Environmental impact of
aquaculture and its assessment. Biological pollution, Algal blooms and their effects on fish production
and public health. Role of microorganisms in degradation of pollutants.
Microalgae: For food, Remediation and bioenergy. Microalgae indicator of environmental health.
Environmental aspects: Aquatic mosses biofilteration and remediation.
PSLSMBTP 304: Value Addition, Biochemical, Biotechnical &
Environmental Studies of Aquatic Life – Practical
Practicals:
1. Preparation of value -added products from low -cost fishes
2. Physico -chemical analysis of fish and fishery product
3. Extraction of protein by Kjeldahl's method/Lowry's method.
4. Extraction of lipid by using Soxhtech/Soxhlet system
5. Amplification of Fish DNA by RAPD
6. Demonstration Proteomic and Genomic techniques.
7. 2-D Gel electrophoresis (Demonstration)
8. Study of differential cell counting by flow cytometry.
9. Study of different aquatic ecosystems
10. Case Study - Acid rain/ rising sea water temperature.
REFERENCES
1. Ranendra K. Majumdar & Amjad K. Balange 2022. Advances in Fish Processing
Technologies, CRC Press.
2. Govindan, T. K. 1985. Fish processing technology. Exford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
3. Fingerman, M. R., Nagabhushanam and Mary F. T. 1997. Recent advances in Marine
Biotechnology (Vol. 1-3). Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Le Gal, Y. and Halvorson, H. O.1998. New Developments in Marine Biotechnology. Plenum
Press, New York.
5. Primrose, S.B. and Twyman, R.M. (2006) Principles of Genetic Manipulation and Genomics.
Seventh Edition. Blackwell Publishing, USA.
6. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries & Aquaculture. ICAR.
7. Edward A. Laws, 2000. Aquatic Pollution: An Introductory Test John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York.
8. Hynes, H. B. N. 1996. The Biology of Polluted waters, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool.
9. Richard, Lloyd, 1989. Pollution and freshwater fish-Fishing News Books, London. Sindermann,
10. C. J. 1976. Ocean Pollution: Effects on Living Resources and Human, CRC Press
Page 20
11. K. Vijaykumar & B. Vasanthkumar, 2010. Aquatic ecosystem & its management, Daya
Publishing House
12. Faizal Bux and Yusuf Chisti (2016) Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes, Springer.
13. Stengel and Connan (2015) Natural Products From Marine Algae: Methods and Protocols.
Humana Press
Page 21
SEMESTER IV
PSLSMBTT401: Establishment and Management of Fish Farm
Course Objectives: To study production and management of breeding and hatchery techniques.
Course Outcomes: Impart knowledge of beneficial fishes, shrimp hatchery management to startup
with an entrepreneurship development.
UNIT I: Present Status of Seed Production
Introduction: History, Constraints and current status of natural seed collection and hatchery seed
production of Finfishes and Shellfishes
Seed Stocking: Tests for selection of good quality seed, Source & transport of seed, Stocking time and
density, Size of stocking, Acclimatization, Estimation of survival rate
Induced spawning: Hypophysation, Cryopreservation technique, Synthetic hormones and Analogues
to induced spawning.
UNIT II: Reproductive biology and induced breeding of Finfish & Shellfish
Finfishes & Shellfish (Prawns/Shrimp): Gamete maturation and development: Spermatogenesis and
oogenesis, Hormonal pathways and mode of control.
Reproductive biology: Reproductive mechanisms, Age at first maturity; Environmental and endocrine
control of reproduction: Reproductive cycles, Factors affecting maturation and spawning, Physiology
and techniques of eyestalk ablation.
Induced breeding: Brood stock availability, Methods of natural and artificial fertilization, Evaluation
of milt and egg, Egg staging, Stripping and fertilization.
UNIT III: Technology of Fishing
Fishing Technologies: Principles and methods of fish catching, Fishing gears of India, Natural and
synthetic materials in fishing gear; Choice of netting materials for different gears; Numbering of yarn;
Construction and types of twines and ropes; Different types of floats, Sinkers, Anchors and buoys;
Fabrication of fishing gears; Drawing and reading the gear designs; Description and operation of fishing
gears - trawls, purse seines, gil l nets and lines; Treatment and preservation of fishing gear. Fishing
technology and sustainable marine resource management,
UNIT IV: Shrimp Hatchery Management
Shrimp hatchery design and management: Criteria for site selection of hatchery and nursery,
Operational management, Broodstock management, Live food production, Design and function of
incubators, Jar hatchery, Chinese hatchery and other hatchery systems - Design and operation, Hatchery
protocols, Larval rearing stages, Rearing technology, Packaging and transport of seed.
Page 22
PSLSMBTP401: Establishment and Management of Fish Farm -
Practical
Practicals:
1. To study histological changes in the liver/gonads of fish
2. Eyestalk ablation technique of shrimp/prawn
3. Insemination, cryopreservation of fish and shellfish gametes
4. Packing and transportation of cultivable finfish seed
5. Identification of fishing materials
6. Fishing technology as a tool for resource management
7. Visit to different Shrimp hatcheries
8. Visit to fish institutes
REFERENCES
1. FAO. 1992. Manual of Seed Production of Carps . FAO Publ.
2. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Hand Book of Fisheries and Aquaculture . ICAR.
3. Jhingran V.G. & Pullin R.S.V. 1985. Hatchery Manual for the Common,Chinese and Indian
Major Carps . ICLARM, Philippines.
4. Jhingran V.G. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India . Hindustan Publ.
5. Pillay T.V.R. & Kutty MN. 2005. Aquaculture - Principles and Practices .Blackwell.
6. Thomas P.C., Rath S.C. & Mohapatra K.D. 2003. Breeding and Seed Production of Finfish
and Shellfish . DayaPubl.AQC
7. FAO. 2007. Manual for Operating a Small -Scale Recirculation Freshwater Prawn Hatchery .
8. Von Brandt's, 2005. Fish Catching Methods of the World, 4th Edition Book, Wiley -
Blackwell
9. Y. Sreekrishna & Latha Shenoy, 2001. Fishing Gear & Craft Technology. ICAR
10. Ujwala Jadhav, 2010. Aquaculture Technology and Environment. Publ. PHI Publication
11. Chakraborty C & Sadhu A.K. 2000. Biology Hatchery and Culture Technology of Tiger
Prawn and Giant Freshwater Prawn . Daya Publ. House.
12. Diwan A.D., Joseph S & Ayyappan S. 2008. Physiology of Reproduction, Breeding and
Culture of Tiger Shrimp . Narendra Publ. House.
13. Brandt. A. V. 1984. Fish catching methods of the world. Fishing News Books Ltd., London.
John, F. 1985. Design of small fishing vessels. Fishing News Books Ltd., London.
14. John, S. 1996. Commercial fishing method - An introduction to vessels and gear. Fishing
News Books Ltd., London
15. Klust, G. 1982. Netting materials for fishing gear. FAO fishing manuals West Byfleet survey,
Fishing News Books.
16. Shenoy, L. 1988. Course manual in Fishing Technology. CIFE, Mumbai.
17. 9. S.S. Khanna, H.R. Singh, A textbook of Fish Biology & Fisheries
Page 23
PSLSMBT402: Genetics, Cell Culture, Nanobiotechnology &
Aquarium Management in Aquatic Animals
Course Objectives: To study Genetics, Nanotechnology & their applications in aquaculture.
Course Outcomes: Improved varieties of aquatic animals and getting opportunities in new field of
Nanotechnology.
UNIT I: Fish Genetics and Cytogenetic (15 L/ 1 C)
Scope of Applied Fish Genetics: Inheritance of qualitative and quantitative traits in fish;
Chromosomal polymorphism. Non chromosomal inheritance: Mitochondrial inheritance.
Chromosome Manipulation: Gynogenesis and Androgenesis; production of super -males.
Genetic Markers: Biochemical and molecular genetic markers.
Cytogenetics: Fish cytogenetic techniques, Karyological aspects, Evolution in chromosome
morphology and karyotypes, Sex chromosomes in fishes, Application of cytogenetics in aquaculture
and fisheries management
Chromosome Banding Techniques: C-banding, G-banding, NOR -banding, R-banding, FISH.
Unit II: Fish Cell Culture*
Steps Involved in Fish Cell Culture: Cell isolation, Cell maintenance in culture, Types of cell (stem
cell, precursor cell, differentiated cell), Cell culture type: Primary cell culture, Continuous cell culture,
Cell line repository, Cell culture media: Natural and synthetic media. Supplement used in fish cell
culture.
Basic Requirement to Established Fish Cell Culture: Laboratory design, Equipment used in fish cell
culture: Laminar flow hood/Biosafety Cabinet, Incubator (BOD and CO 2), Sterilizer/Autoclave,
Refrigerators and freezers, Hot air oven, Inverted microscope, Centrifuge, Hemocytometer, Water
Bath, Osmometer.
Stem Cell Culture: Types of stem cell: Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent and Unipotent, Stem cell
line. Applications of stem cell culture.
UNIT III: Nanobiotechnology*
Introduction: Nanoscience, Nanobiotechnology, Nanodevices, Applications in various fields viz.
physical & chem ical, materials and life sciences, Challenges and opportunities associated with biology
at Nanoscale.
Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Chemical, Physical and Biological methods
Properties & Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterial: Optical (UV -Vis/ Fluorescence), X -
ray diffraction; Imaging & size (Electron microscopy, Light scattering, Zeta potential), Surface and
composition (ECSA, EDAX, AFM/STM)
Application : Nanomaterial in Fisheries and Aquaculture, Nanotechnology in chromosome/genome
mapping.
UNIT IV: Aquarium Management
Aquarium Fish Trade: Present status, Potential, Major exporting and importing countries.
Aquarium Keeping: Design and construction of tanks, Heating, Lighting, Aeration and filtration
arrangements, Decoration used, Common aquarium plants and their propagation, Health and water
quality management, Prophylaxis, Quarantine
Page 24
Aquarium Species: Freshwater, Marine water and Brackish water fish, Marketing strategy.
Breeding techniques: Reproductive biology, Breeding and rearing of Egg-laying and Live-bearing
ornamental fishes, Fecundity of ornamental fishes.
Aquaponics: Introduction, Design, Principle, Components, Fish, plant & water quality, maintenance.
PSLSMBTP402: Genetics, Cell Culture, Nanobiotechnology &
Aquarium Management in Aquatic Animals - Practical
Practicals:
1. Isolation of Fish/Shrimp/Bivalve DNA
2. Confirmational analysis of DNA by Agarose gel electrophoresis.
3. Establishment of primary fish cell culture (Demonstration)
4. Study of different equipment used in fish cell culture laboratory.
5. To study different chromosome banding pattern in fish (Demonstration)
6. Study of nanoparticles
a. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles
b. Spectroscopic characterization
7. Identifications of marine & freshwater Ornamental fishes.
8. Visit to different commercial aquaria.
REFERENCES
1. W.S. Lakra, 2000. Fish Genetics & Biotechnology
2. W.S. Lakra & A. Gopalakrishnan, 2013. Genetics, genetic engineering and biotechnology in
fisheries, Indian Council of Agricultural Research
3. Mukunda Goswami & W.S. Lakra, 2012. Fish Cell & Tissue Culture, Narendra Publishing House.
4. Nano: The Essential by T. Pradeep, McGraw Hill Education, N. Delhi; 2. Nanotechnology
Principles and Practices by S.K. Kulkarni; 3. Nanotechnology by Booker Boysen
5. Saroj K. Swain, Sarangi N. and Ayyappan S. 2010. Ornamental Fish Farming ICAR.
6. Sylvia Bernstein, 2011. Aquaponic Gardening - A step by step guide to raising.
7. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR.
8. Choosing Fish for Your Aquarium: A complete guide to tropical freshwater brackish and marine
fishes By Mary Baily and Gina Sandford, Anness Publishing Ltd. (2000)
Page 25
PSLSMBTT403: Research Methodology, Scientific Writing and
Literature Review
Course Objectives: To study research methods & scientific writing of research.
Course Outcomes: Develops a scientific insight of a given topic & enhance the research quality.
UNIT I: Research Methodology and Scientific Writing*
Selection of Research Topic: Aim, Objectives of research, motivation in research;
Types of research – Descriptive, Analytical, Applied, Fundamental, Quantitative, Qualitative,
Conceptual, Empirical and Other Types of Research; Research Approaches; Research Methods vs.
Methodology; Research and Scientific Method; Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Research Process : Steps of research process; Criteria of Good Research; Sampling, Sample size
determination, Plan for data collection, Methods of data collection, Plan for data processing and
analysis; Ethical considerations during research
Scientific and non -scientific writings : Structures of Research proposals, Synopsis, Dissertations,
Thesis, Research paper writings (Abstract, Introduction, Review literature, methodology, Results,
Writing skill of Discussions & Conclusion, Summary, Bibliog raphy etc); Presentations: Graphical,
Tabular, Animation, Power point
UNIT II: Literature Review:
UNIT III: Literature review:
UNIT IV: Literature Review:
PSLSMBTP403: Research Methodology, Scientific Writing and
Literature Review - Practical
Practical:
1. Methods of Sampling.
2. Methods of data collection
3. Data analysis: Central tendency and dispersion.
4. Grant proposal writing.
5. Preparation and submission of a Draft Research/ Review Paper.
REFERENCES:
1, The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing (Oxford Landmark Science)2009 by Richard Dawkins
(Author, Editor)
2. Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited and Proposals That Get Funded (2012) by
Joshua Schimel (Author)
3. The Best of the Best of American Science Writing (The Best American Science Writing)2010 by
Jesse Cohen (Author)
4. From Research to Manuscript A Guide to Scientific Writing (Second Edition) By Katz , Michael J.
(Springer Publication)
5. Science Research Writing for Non-Native Speakers of English by Hilary Glasman -Deal (Author) ,
Imperial College Press, London, UK
6. Scientific Writing and Communication by Angellka Hofmann, Oxford University Press (2014)
Page 26
PSLSMBTT404: Commercially Important Sea Food, Microalgae,
Aquatic Waste Products & Use
Course Objectives:
Study of importance of Sea food (animals & plants), Macroalgae, Fish & their waste products & their
commercial use.
Course Outcomes:
Understand the importance of Sea food, Microalgae, Fish and Shellfish commercially, grow ecosystem
and economy.
UNIT I: Sea Food, Microalgae, Fish Waste Products & Use*
Sea Food: Introduction, Types, Global status, commercially important Sea food species, Marketing
strategy.
Macroalgae: Anti fouling, Bioactives, Nutraceuticals, Skin hydration, Photoprotection benefits,
Cosmeceuticals, Marine microalgal biofilms for water treatment and bioenergy, Marine plants as anti -
cancer drugs, Antarctica seaweed bioactives, feed & Fertilizer.
Fish Waste: Introduction, Types, Applications. Recovery of Products from Fish Waste & Use:
Collagen, Gelatin, Glucosamine, Cartilage of Shark, Astaxanthin, Carotenoids, Chitin, Chitosan and
Fish meal in products from waste.
UNIT II: Internship/Project 15 L/1C
UNIT III: Internship/ Project 15 L/1C
UNIT IV: Internship/ Project 15 L/1C
PSLSMBTP404: Practical and Internship/ Project
Internship/ Project: Viva.
REFERENCES:
1. Ranendra K. Majumdar & Amjad K. Balange 2022. Advances in Fish Processing Technologies, CRC
Press.
2. Gopakumar K. (Ed.). 2002. Text book of Fish Processing Technology. ICAR. 198
3. Elvevoll EO, Fish waste and functional foods, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department
of Marine Biotechnology, Norway.
4. Wheaton FW & Lawson TB 1985. Processing Aquatic Food Products.John Wiley & Sons.
5. Fereidoon Shahidi 2007, Maximizing the value of marine by products, CRC Press Inc. (Florida)
6. S. Ayyappan, 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture . ICAR.
7. Faizal Bux and Yusuf Chisti (2016) Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes, Springer.
8.Stengel and Connan (2015) Natural Products From Marine Algae: Methods and Protocols. Humana
Press