Final Copy S Y B Sc Zoology Syllabus_1 Syllabus Mumbai University

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AC- 05/05/2018
Item No. 4.31



UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI


Program: S.Y.B. Sc.
Course: Zoology
Syllabus for S emester III & IV
(Choice Based Credit System with effect
from the academic year 2018 -2019)

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S. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus Framing Committee

Sr.
No. Name Address Status
1 Dr. Anita Jadhav
readersmailbox@rediffmail.com Head & Asso ciate Prof. ,
Department of Zoology, ICL
College, Vashi, Navi -Mumb ai I/C Chairperson, BoS in
Zoology
2 Mr. Vinayak Dalvie
dalvie@gmail.com Head & Ass ociate Prof. , Mithibai
College, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai -
56 Chief Coordinator
3 Dr. G ulabrao B. Raje
drgbraje@rediffmail.com Head & A ssociate Prof .,
Department of Zoology, D. B. J
College, Chiplun, Dist: Ratnagiri Coordinator
4 Capt. Nilima S. Prabhu
nilsprabhu@rediffmail.com Assistant Prof. , Department of
Zoology, S.S. & L.S. Patkar
College, Goregaon , Mumbai -62 Convenor
USZO301 & USZO401
5 Dr. Dilip K. Kakavipure
dlpkakavipure@gmail.com
Associate Prof. , Depsartment of
Zoology, BNN College, Bhiwandi,
Dist: Thane Convenor
USZO302 & USZO402
6 Mr. Venkatesh Hegde
drvnhegde@rediffmail.com Assistant Prof. , Department of
Zoology, Mithibai College, Vile
Parle (W ), Mumbai -56 Convenor
USZOE303A & USZOE403 A
(Elective 1)
7 Dr. Surekha Manoj Gupta
gupta.surekha@yahoo.com Assistant Prof. , Department of
Zoology, G. N. Khalsa College,
Matunga, Mumbai -19 Convenor
USZOE303 B& USZOE403B
(Elective 2)
8 Dr. Shaheda Rangoonwala
shaheda.rangoonwala@gmail.com Principal, V. N. College, Murud
Janjira, Dist: Raigad Co-Convenor
USZO301 & USZO401
9 Dr. Shashibhal M. Pandey
pandey.shashibhal@gmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, CHM College,
Ulhasnagar -3 Co-Convenor
USZO302 & USZO402
10 Dr, Leena Murlidharan
leena.doctor@gmail.com Associate Prof. , Department of
Zoology, VKK Menon College,
Bhandup (E), Mumbai -42 Co-Convenor
USZOE303A & USZOE403 A
(Elective 1)
11 Dr. Shirley Bless Agwuocha
shirley_bless@rediffmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, Thak ur College of
Science & Com. , Kandivali (E) Co-Convenor
USZOE303A & USZOE403 A
(Elective 1)
12 Dr. Nisar Shaikh
nisargmmwc@gmail.com Principal, DRT‘s A. E. Kalsekar
Degree College, Kausa Mumbra,
Dist: Thane -12 Co-Convenor
USZOE303 B& USZOE403B
(Elective 2)
13 Dr. Sushant M ane
sushantmane@yahoo.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, Wilson College,
Girgaon, Mumbai -7 Member
USZO301 & USZO401
14 Dr. Meena Poo nja
meenaprasad123@gmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, CHM College,
Ulhasnagar -3 Member
USZO301 & USZO401
15 Mr. T. V. Bicheesh Balan
bicheesh@gmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, Mithibai College, Vile
Parle (W ), Mumbai -56 Member
USZO301 & USZO401

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16 Mr. Nandu R. Hedulkar
hedulkar@gmail.com Head & Assistant Prof.,
Department of Zoology,
Anandibai Raorane College,
Vaibhavwadi, Dist: Sindhudurg Member
USZO302 & USZO402
17 Dr. Pratiksha P. Sawant
sawant.pratiksha52@gmail.com Associate Prof., Department of
Zoology, S.P.K. College,
Sawantwadi, Dist: Sindhudurg Member
USZO302 & USZO402
18 Dr. Kamran Abbas
kamranabbas14@gmail.com Head & Associate Prof.,
Department of Zoology, GMM
College, Bhiwandi, Dist: Thane Member
USZO302 & USZO402
19 S/Lt. ( Dr.) Kantilal Hiridas
Nagare
birlasparc11@gmail.com
Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, Birla College, Kalyan,
Dist: Thane -421304 Member
USZOE303A & USZOE403 A
(Elective 1)
20 Mr. Nikhil Disoria
nikhil.disoria@gmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, National College,
Bandra (W), Mumbai -50 Member
USZOE303A & USZOE403 A
(Elective 1)
21 Dr. Minakshi Gurav
minakshi.gurav@ruparel.edu Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, Ruparel College,
Mahim , Mumbai -16 Member
USZOE303 B& USZOE403B
(Elective 2)
22 Dr. Harish T. Babar
harishbabar@gmail.com Assistant Prof., Department of
Zoology, D. B. J College, Chiplun,
Dist: Ratnagiri - 415605 Member
USZOE303 B& USZOE403B
(Elective 2)

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CONTENT

1. Preface
2. Preamble
3. Pedagogy
4. Tables of Courses, Topics, Credits and Workload
5. Table of unit wise distribution of syllabus
6. Theory Syllabus for Semester III (Course codes: USZO301 -
USZOE303B )
7. Practical Syllabus for Semester III (Course codes: USZOP3 )
8. References and Additional Reading (Course code: USZO301 -
USZOE303B )
9. Theory Syllabus for Semester IV (Course codes: USZO401 -
USZOE403B )
10. Practical Syllabus for Semester IV (Course codes: USZOP4 )
11. References and Additional Reading (Course code: USZO401 -
USZOE403B )
12. Marking Scheme of Examination (Theory )
13. Skeleton - Practical Exam Question Papers( Semester III and
Semester IV )
14. Model Question Bank (Semester III and Semester IV )

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PREFACE
Holistic development of students is the main purpose of the curriculum. While this is attempted
through prescribing dynamic and updated curricular inputs, the new course that will be effective
from the academic year 2018 - 2019, will follow the Semester mod e. The main aim of the revision
of syllabus was to modify it to meet the unique requirements of students, up gradation of
knowledge in the subject of zoology and to inculcate the skill of reasoning. The contents of the
syllabus have been drawn -up to accom modate the widening horizons of the discipline of
Biological Sciences. All possible attempts have been made to update the syllabus by incorporating
current and most recent developments in various branches of Zoological Sciences, nevertheless,
classical zoo logy also has been given due weightage. Introduction of an elective paper in zoology
will also provide a glimpse of its application. Inclusion of research methodology to the
undergrads is the highlight of the course. I am sure that these revised syllabi will cater to better
understanding of the subject and beyond.
I appreciate and congratulate the entire team of syllabus framing for the co -operation, tireless
work and wish them success.

Chairperson ,
Ad-hoc Bo ard of Studies in Zoology

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PREAMBLE

As a traditional procedural norm of the University of Mumbai, it is the Board of Studies that
includes va rious disciplines, which revive the syllabi after completion of a cycle of five years.
Due to rapid advancement in technology, new ideas and concepts, and an ocean of information
being generated every day that necessitates updating the students in this present era of exponential
informa tion and knowledge. However, in the former practice of syllabus revision, students were
unable to imbibe new ideas and concepts as there was limited scope of including them within the
syllabi that was theoretical with poor applicability
Looking at the empl oyment generating potential and need of trained human resource in various
service sectors in our state, it was became imperative to make a breakthrough from the traditional
practice of revising syllabus; and instead giving an opportunity to the stakeholder s to adapt and
acclimatize with the changes around them and imbibe knowledge which shall enable them to
develop entrepreneurship and / or employment avenues and opportunities after pursuing the
coveted degree.
With this intention, the Board of Studies in Zoology took decision to put before the S. Y. B. Sc.
Zoology students one elective, so that they can study topics of their interest. Board of Studies in
Zoology is the only Board in the University that has offered two electives for the S. Y. B. Sc.
student s and safeguarded their career. Further, BoS formulated Four Syllabus Review Committees
(one per course with composition of 01 Convenor and 04 Members). All the committee members
worked extensively and exhaustively; and prepared draft of the syllabus. The said draft was
uploaded on the website of University of Mumbai for public criticism. The invited opinions were
thereby incorporated in the syllabus to make it versatile and student friendly with high
applicability. Further, the draft syllabus was re -discus sed in the workshop where several teachers
and students contributed their views to improve it. In the academic year 2016 -17, new syllabus
was introduced but it is revived immediately after two years with inclusion of new concepts and
techniques. Due care i s taken to make the syllabus interdisciplinary, flexible and choice based. All
the member teachers have tried their level best to come out with ―Need Based Syllabus‖ that may
spark motives in all the stakeholders. We hope that the stakeholders will enjoy t he learning of this
syllabus in the classrooms, laboratories and on the field.
Dr. G. B. Raje
Coordinator

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PEDAGOGY

While disseminating the content of the present syllabus, it is imperative and expected that the
facilitator is well versed or/and develops their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK),which
would include as pects like content, methodology, evaluation and so on. At the onset, the
facilitator may include various topic -specific instructional strategies, employing the use of
organizers (topi c announcement in advance, making models, flip charts, photography, etc).
Learning of topics on chromosomes, nucleic acids, cell biology, biomolecules, physiological
processes are hence revised, and during the presentations by the learner, the facilitator is able to
gauge the preconceptions and learning disabilities. Any misunderstanding of basic concepts can
thus be clarified such as ‗difference between gene and allele‘. Peer teaching is another aspect of
pedagogy which takes into account participative lea rning thus enhancing the learning of the
content and making it enjoyable , for example, the use of ‗Punnet squares‘ for working out the
crosses in various illustrations on monohybrid and dihybrid ratios, problems based on inheritance,
pedigree analysis , mol ecular biology etc. A declarative learning strategy, which employs the use
of familiar contexts and analogies, illustrative diagrams, questioning techniques, discussions, may
be used for topics like multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, DNA testing for paternity issues,
scientific attitude, methodology, scientific writing etc. This would enhance the relevance of these
topics and engender motivation, thereby balancing the blend of content and pedagogy in teaching.
The syllabus includes practical investiga tions, individual or group student experiments,
simulations to assist learners in visualizing and /or internalizing the concepts and processes. The
learner could be encouraged to organize field trips, nature trails and treks in and around the
ecosystems li ke lakes, beaches, sanctuaries, national -parks etc. for learning topics like ethology
and conservation, amazing animals, applied zoology, pollution and other such, where
sensitization, awareness and action are to be invoked within the learner. Visits to mu seums, and
an interdisciplinary approach with various departments like geology, history, geography,
chemistry, psychology, medicine would bring about a multi and cross approach to learning
concepts such as paleontological evidences, nucleic acids, physiol ogical processes, biomolecules,
holistic health and neurological and genetic diseases . ICT enabled learning is the need of the hour
and could include screening of documentaries, videos, animations, PPT‘s, and the use of social
media such as Whatsaap, Inst agram, Facebook be employed for impactful and continued
learning. Facilitators can upload the teaching material, videos of lectures, links to websites for not
only enhancing but also focusing and developing the topics of interest by the learner by way of
self-study. More importantly, the syllabus endeavours to develop life skills by discovering and

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honing entrepreneurial skills of the learner. To accomplish this purpose, visits to apiary,
vermicomposting units, and dairy could be encouraged, also interview s with various
entrepreneurs, officials of funding agencies must be undertaken to comprehend the nuances of
business. Also small projects on various entrepreneurial aspects like setting up vermicomposting
bins and aquaria , sale of the vermicompost or setti ng up an ornamental fish farms , innovations in
dairy products and its sale could be encouraged in the campuses. The elective papers are so
construed that the learner is driven to gain knowledge, experience through activity -based
assignments, and projects , which would enhance entrepreneurial skills, a logical understanding
and analysis of business functions.
Capt. Nilima Prabhu
Dr. Dilip Kakavipure
Mr. Venkatesh Hegde
Dr. Surekha Gupta
Convenors

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Syllabus for S. Y. B. Sc. Course: ZOOLOGY
Credit Based Semester and Grading System
(To be implemented from the Academic Year 2018 -2019)

SEMESTER – III
COURSE
CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES
/WEEK
USZO301 I Fundamentals of Genetics 2 1
II Chromosomes and Heredity 1
III Nucleic Acids 1
USZO302 I Nutrition and Excretion 2 1
II Respiration and Circulation 1
III Control and Coordination of Life Processes,
Locomotion and Reproduction 1
USZOE303A
ELECTIVE 1 I Ethology 2 1
II Parasitology 1
III Economic Zoology 1
USZOE303B
ELECTIVE 2 1 Maintenance of Aquarium 2 1
II Agricultural, Household Pests and their
Control 1
III Amazing Animals 1
USZOP3 Practical s based on all three courses 03 9

Important Note: College may choose either Elective 1 or Elective 2 for Semester III and
Semester IV as their third course depending on the preference selected by majority of the
students and endorsed by Head of the Department of Zoology and the Principal of the
college.

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SEMESTER IV

COURSE
CODE UNIT TOPIC CREDITS LECTURES
/WEEK
USZO401 I Origin and E volution of Life 2 1
II Population Genetics and E volution, 1
III Scientific Attitude , Methodology, Scientific
Writing and E thics in Scientific Research 1
USZO402 I Cell Biology 2 1
II Endo membrane System 1
III Biomolecules 1
USZO E403A
ELECTIVE 1 I Comparative Embryology 2 1
II Aspects of Human Reproduction 1
III Pollution and its Effect on O rganisms 1
USZO E403B
ELECTIVE 2 I Dairy Industry 2 1
II Sericulture 1
III Aquaculture 1
USZOP4 Practical s based on all three courses 03 9

Important Note: College may choose either Elective 1 or Elective 2 for Semester III and
Semester IV as their third course depending on the preference selected by majority of the
students and endorsed by Head of the Department of Zoology and the Principal of the
college.

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UNIT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SYLLABUS
Semester III
Semester IV

Course 5
Course 6 (Elective 1)
Course 7A (Elective 2)
Course 7B Course 8 Course 9 (Elective 1)
Course 10A (Elective 2)
Course 10B
Unit 1
Fundamentals
of Genetics Unit 1
Nutrition &
Excretion Unit 1
Ethology

Unit 1
Maintenance of
Aquarium

Unit 1
Origin
& Evolution of
Life
Unit 1
Cell Biology Unit 1
Comparative
Embryology

Unit 1
Dairy Industry

Unit 2
Chromosome s
& Heredity Unit 2
Respiration &
Circulation Unit 2
Parasitology Unit 2
Agricultural &
Household
Pests& their
Control Unit 2
Population
Genetics &
Evolution Unit 2
Endomembrane
System Unit 2
Aspects of
Human
Reproduction Unit 2
Sericulture

Unit 3
Nucleic Acids Unit 3
Control and
Coordination of
Life Processes,
Locomotion
& Reproduction Unit 3
Economic
Zoology
Economic Zoology Unit 3
Amazing
Animals Unit 3
Scientific
Attitude,
Methodology,
Scientific
Writing &
Ethics in
Scientific
Research Unit 3
Biomolecules
Unit 3
Pollution
& its
Effects on
Organisms Unit 3
Aquaculture

Practical
(USZO P3)

Practical
(USZO P3)

Practical
(USZO P3)


Practical
(USZO P3)

Practical
(USZO P4)


Practical
(USZO P4)


Practical
(USZO P4)


Practical
(USZO P4)

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SEMESTER III
Sr.
No. USZO301 (Course -V) No. of
lectures
allotted Learning
pleasure
Fundamentals of Genetics, Chromosomes and Heredity,
Nucleic acids
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Genetics 15L 25hrs
Objectives:
 To introduce basic terms of genetics.
 To develop conceptual clarity of Mendelian principles of inheritance
and other forms and pattern of inheritance
Desired outcome :
 Learner would comprehend and apply the principles of inheritance to
study heredity.
 Learner will understand the concept of multiple alleles, linkage and
crossing over.
1.1 Introduction to Genetics
 Definition, Sc ope and Importance of G enetics.
 Classical and Modern concept of Gene (Cistron, Muton, Recon).
 Brief explanation of the following terms: Allele, Wild type and
Mutant alleles, Locus, Dominant and Recessive traits, Homozygous
and Heterozygous, Genotype and Phenotype, Genome. 02L 02hrs
1.2 Mendelian Genetics
 Mende lian Genetics: Monohybrid & Dihybrid Cross, Te st Cross,
Back C ross, Mendel‘s L aws of Inheritance, Mendelian Traits in M an.
 Exceptions to Mendelian inheritanc e: Incomplete d ominanc e, Co -
dominance, Lethal Genes , Epistasis - Recessive, Double recessive ,
Dominant and Double dominant.
 Chromo some theory of inheritance.
 Pedigree Analysis -Autosomal dominant and recessive, X- linked
dominant, and recessive. 08L 12hrs

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1.3 Multiple Alleles and Multiple Genes
 Concept of Multiple A lleles, Coat colour in rabbit, ABO and Rh
blood group system
 Polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour in
humans .
 Concept of P leiotropy. 03L 06hrs
1.4 Linkage and Crossing Over
 Linkage and crossing over, Types of crossing over, C ytological basis
of crossing over . 02L 05hrs

Unit: 2: Chromosomes and Heredity 15L 26hrs
Objectives:
 To familiarize the learners with the structure, types and classification
of chromosomes.
 To introduce the concept of sex determination and its types, sex
influenced and sex -limited genes.
Desired outcome :
 Learner will comprehend the structure of chromosomes and its types .
 Learner will understand the mechanisms of sex determination.
 Learner would be able to correlate the disorders linked to a
particular sex chromosome.
2.1 Chromosomes
 Types of Chromosomes –Autosomes and Sex chromosomes
 Chromosome structure - Heterochromatin, Euchromatin
 Classification based on the position of centromere
 Endomitosis, Giant chromosomes - Polytene and Lamp brush
chromosomes and S ignificance of B albiani rings 04L 08hrs

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2.2 Sex- determination
 Chromosomal Me chanisms: XX -XO, XX -XY, ZZ -ZW
 Sex determination in H oney bees : Haplo -diploidy
 Sex determination in Drosophila - Genic balance theory, Intersex,
Gynandromorphs
 Parthenogenesis
 Hormonal influence on s ex determination - Freemartin and S ex
reversal.
 Role of environmental factors - Bonel ia and Crocodile
 Barr bodies and Lyon hypothesis 07L 10hrs
2.3 Sex linked, sex influenced and sex -limited inheritance.
 X-linked: Colour -blindness, Haemophilia
 Y-linked: Hypertrichosis
 Sex-influenced genes
 Sex-limited genes 04L 08hrs

Unit: 3 Nucleic acids 15L 30hrs
Objectives:
 To introduce the learner to the classical experiments provin g DNA as
the genetic material.
 To introduce the learner the structure of nucleic acids and the
concept of centr al dogma of molecular biology.
 To familiarize the learner with the concept of g ene expression and
regulation.
Desired outcome :
 Learner will understand the importance of nucleic acids as genetic
material.
 Learner would comprehend and appreciate the regulation of gene
expressions.
3.1 Genetic material
 Griff ith‘s transformation experiment , Avery -Macleod & McCarty 07L 14hrs

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experiment and Hershey Chase experim ent of Bacteriophage
infection
 Chemical composition a nd structure of nucleic acids
 Double helix nature of DNA, Solenoid model of DNA
 Types of DNA – A, B, Z & H forms
 DNA in Prokary otes - Chromosomal and P lasmid
 Extra nuclear DNA - Mitochondria and Chloroplast
 RNA as a genet ic material in virus
 Types o f RNA: Structure and function
3.2 Flow of genetic information in a e ukaryotic cell
 DNA Replication
 Transcription of mRNA
 Translation
 Genetic code 05L 08hrs
3.3 Gene expression and regulation
 One gene -one enzyme hypothesis /one polypeptide hypothesis
 Concept of O peron
 Lac O peron 03L 08hrs

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SEMESTER – III
Sr.
No USZO302 (COURSE -VI) No. of lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Nutrition a nd Excretion, Respiration and Circulation,
Control and C oordination of Life Processes , Locomotion
and Reproduction
Unit: 1 Nutrition and Excretion 15L 23hrs
Objectives:
 To introduce the concepts of physiology of nutrition, excretion and
osmoregulation.
 To expose the learner to various nutritional apparatus, excretory
and osmoregulatory structures in different classes of organisms.
Desired outcome :
 Learner would understand the increasing complexity of nutritional,
excretory and osmoregulatory physiology in evolutionary
hierarchy.
 Learner would be able to correlate the habit and habitat with
nutritional, excretory and osmoregulatory structures.
1.1 Comparative study of nutritional a pparatus (structure and function):
Amoeba, Hydra, Cockroach, Amphioxus, Pigeon, Ruminants. 05L 06hrs
1.2 Physiology of digestion in man . 02L 04hrs
1.3 Comparative study of excretory and o smoregulatory structures and
function s.
a) Amoeba -Contractile vacuole
b) Planaria -Flame cells
c) Cockroa ch- Malp ighian tubules 05L 08hrs
1.4 Categorization of animals based on principle nitrogenous excretory
products 01L 01hrs
1.5 Structure of kidney, u riniferous tubule and physiology of urine
formation in man 02L 04 hr

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Unit: 2 Respiration and Circulation 15L 27hrs
Objectives:
 To introduce the concepts o f physiology of respiration and
circulation
 To expose the learner to vario us respiratory and circulatory
organs in different classes of organisms .
Desired outcome :
 Learner would understand the incre asing complexity of respiratory
and circulatory physiology in evolutionary hierarchy.
 Learner will be able to corre late the habit and habitat of animals
with respir atory and circulatory organs .
2.1 Comparative study of r espiratory organs (structure and function) :
Earthworm, Spider, Any bony fish ( Rohu / Anaba s /Clarius ),
Frog and Pigeon. 03L 06hrs
2.2 Structure of lungs and physiology of respiration in man 02L 03hrs
2.3 Comparative study of circulation: (a) Open and Closed type,
(b) Single and D ouble type. 02L 04hrs
2.4 Types of circulating fluids - Water, Coelomic fluid, Haemolymph,
Lymph and Composition of b lood 02L 03hrs
2.5 Comparative study of h earts (structure and function): Earthworm,
Cockroach, Shark, Frog, Crocodile and Pigeon . 04L 07hrs
2.6 Structure and mechanism of working of heart in man . 02 04hrs
Unit: 3 Control and C oordination, Locomotion and Reproduction 15L 25hrs
Objectives:
 To introduce the concepts of physiol ogy of control and
coordination , locomotion and reproduction .
 To expose the learner to vari ous locomotory and reproductive
structures in different classes of organisms .
Desired outcome :
 Learner would understand the proce ss of control and coordination
by nervous and endocrine regulation.

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 Learner would be amazed by various locomotory structures found
in the animal kingdom.
 Learner would be acquainted with various reproductive strategies
present in animals .
3.1 Control and co -ordination
 Irritability in Param oecium , nerve net in Hydra , nerve ring and
nerve cord in earthworm .
 Types of neurons based on the structure and function .
 Conduction of nerve impulse: Resting p otential, A ction potential
and Refractory period
 Synaptic transmission 05L 08hrs
3.2 Movement and Locomotion
Locomotory organs - structure and functions;
a. Pseudopodia in Amoeba (S ol- Gel theory), Cilia in Param oecium
b. Wings and legs in c ockroach
c. Tube feet in s tarfish
d. Fins of fish 04L 08hrs
3.3 Structure of s triated muscle fibre in human and s liding filament theory 02L 02hrs
3.4 Reproduction
a. Asexual Reproduction - Fission, Fragmentation, Gemmule
formation and B udding
b. Sexual reproduction
i. Gametogenesis
ii. Structure of male and female gametes in human
iii. Types of fertilization
iv. Oviparity, Viviparity, O vo-viviparity 04L 07hrs

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SEMESTER III
USZOE1303 ( COURSE -VIIA) ELECTIVE 1
Ethology , Parasitology, Economic Zoology 15L 26hrs
Unit: 1 Ethology
Objectives:
 To equip learner with a sound knowledge of how animals
interact with one another and their environment.
 To enable the learner to understand different behavioural
patterns.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would gain insight into different types of animal
behaviour and their role in biological adaptations.
 Learner would be sensitized to the feelings which are
instrumental in social behaviour.
1.1 Introduction to Ethology :
 Definition, History and Scope of Ethology
 Animal behaviour : Innate and L earned behaviour
 Types of learning : Habituation, Imprinting and T ypes of
imprinting - Filial and sexual, Classical conditioning
 Instrumental learning and insight learning. 04L 06hrs
1.2 Aspects of animal behaviour :
 Communication in bees and a nts
 Mimicry and colouration s
 Displacement activities, Ritualization
 Migration in fish, schooling behaviour
 Habitat selection, territorial behaviour . 07L 12hrs
1.3 Social behaviour :
 Social behaviour in primates -Hanuman langur
 Elements of s ocio-biology: Altruism and Kinship 04L 08hrs

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Unit: 2 Parasitology 15L 27hrs
Objective s:
 To acquaint the learner with the concepts of parasitism and
its relationship in the environment.
 To introduce the learner to modes of transmission of
parasites.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would understand the general epidemiological
aspects of parasi tes that affect humans and take simple
preventive measures for the same.
 Learner would comprehend the life cycle of specific
parasites, the symptoms of the disease and its treatment.
2.1 Introduction to P arasitology and Types of P arasites
 Definitions: P arasitism, Host, Parasite, V ector -biological
and mechanical
 Types of parasite - Ectoparasite , Endoparasite and their
subtypes
 Parasitic adaptations in Ectoparasites and Endoparasites
 Types of host : Intermediate and definitive, reservoir 03L 06hrs
2.2 Host -parasite relationship and h ost specificity
 Different types of host - parasite relationship, structural
specificity, physiological specifi city and ecological
specificity 02L 06hrs
2.3 Life cycle , pathogenicity, control measures and treatment
 Entamoeba histolytica, Fasciola hepatica,
Taenia solium, Wuchereria bancrofti 04L 06hrs
2.4 Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, control measures and
treatment
 Head louse (Pediculus humanus capittis),
Mite ( Sarcoptes scabei) , Bed bug ( Cimex lectularis ) 02L 06hrs
2.5 Parasitological significance
 Zoonosis - Bird flu, Anthrax, Rabies and Toxoplasmosis 04L 03hrs

Page 22

Unit 3 Economic Zoology 15L 24hrs
Objective s:
 To disseminate informatio n on economic aspects of animals like
apiculture, vermiculture and dairy science.
 To encourage young learner for self -employment.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would gain knowledge on animals useful to mankind
and the means to make the most of it.
 Learner would learn the modern techniques in animal
husbandry.
 Learner would pursue entrepreneurship as a career .
3.1 APICULTURE 06L 08hrs
3.1.1 Methods of bee keeping and management
 Introduction to different species of honey bees used in
apiculture.
 Selection of flora and bees for apiculture.
 Advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern
methods of apiculture.
 Pests and Bee enemies - Wax moth, wasp, black ants,
bee-eaters, king crow and disease control
3.1.2 Economic importance
 Honey - Production, c hemical composition and economic
importance
 Bee wax- Composition and economic importance.
 Role of honey bee in pollination.
3.2 VERMICULTURE 04L 08hrs
3.2.1 Rearing methods, management and economic importance
 Introduction to different species of earthworms used in
vermiculture.
 Methods of vermiculture.
 Maintenance and harvesting

Page 23

 Economic importance: Advantages of vermiculture, demand
for earth worms; market for vermi compost and scope for
entrepreneurship.
3.3 DAIRY SCIENCE 05L 08hrs
3.3.1 Dairy development in India
 Role of dairy development in rural economy, employment
opportunities
3.3.2 Dairy Processing
 Filtration, cooling, chilling, clarification, pasteurization,
freezing
3.3.3 Milk and milk products
 Composition of milk
 Types of milk:
a) Buffalo milk
b) Cow milk ( A1 &A2)
 Whole milk and toned milk
 Milk products

Page 24

SEMESTER III
USZOE2303 ( COURSE -VIIB) – ELECTIVE 2
Maintenance of Aquarium, Agricultural and
Household pests and their control , Amazing
animals 15L 26hrs
Objective s:
 To develop skills for maintenance of aquarium and
budget ing for setting up an aquarium and ornamental fish
farm.
 To study the biology of ornamental fishes, its food and
feeding and their transportation .
Desired Outcome:
 Learner will develop skills for maintenance of aquarium
and become familiar with the budgeting aspects for setting
up an ornamental fish farm.
 Learner will derive knowled ge about the biology of
ornamental fishes, its food and feeding habits and their
transportation .
Unit.1 Maintenance of Aquarium
1.1 Introduction and scope . 02L 04hrs
1.2 Exotic and Endemic species . 02L 06hrs
1.3 Biology of a quarium fishes :
 Guppy
 Molly
 Gold fish 02L 08hrs
1.4 Common characters and sexual dimorphism of marine fishes:
 Anemone fish
 Butterfly fish 02L 06hrs

Page 25

1.5 Food and feeding :
 Live fish feed
 Formulated fish feed 02L 04hrs
1.6 Fish transportation :
i) Handling ii) Packing iii)Transport 03L 05hrs
1.7 General maintenance of aquarium and budget for setting up an
ornamental fish farm. 02L 04hrs

Unit: 2 Agricultural pests and their control 15L 27hrs
Objective s:
 To study different types of pests.
 To comprehend various aspects of agricultural and
household pests and their economic implications.
 To learn about the different pest control measures and
plant protection appliances.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner will gain information on the different types of
pests and comprehend various aspects of agricultural
and household pests and its economic implications.
 Learner will derive kno wledge of pest control measures
and appliances used for plant protection against pests.
2.1 Introduction and concept of p est 02L 06hrs
2.1.1 Types of pests:
 Agricultural : Locust
 Household : Bed bug
 Stored grains : Flour beetle
 Structural : Termites
 Veterinary : Tick
 Forestry: Grasshopper 03L 06hrs

Page 26

2.2 Major insect pests of agricultural importance
(Life cycle, nature of damage and control measures).
a) Jowar stem borer
b) Brinjal fruit borer
c) Aphids
d) Rice weevil
e) Pink bollworm 03L 06hrs
2.3 Other pests:
Rats, bandicoots, crabs, sna ils, slugs, birds and squirrels 02L 06hrs
2.4 Pest control measures :
i) Cultural control ii) Physical control iii) Mechanical control
iv) Chemical cont rol v) Biological control, vi) Concept of IPM 03L 03hrs
2.5 Plant protection appliances:
Rotary duster, knapsack sprayer and cynogas pump, hazards of
pesticides and antidotes. 02L 03hrs

Unit 3 Amazing animals 15L 24hrs
Objective s:
 To comprehend the concept of life timeline, and the
natural history of some amazing animals.
 To kindle interest and yearning to study amazing
animals.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would understand the concept of life time -line.
 Learner will gain knowledge of and develop various
skills while studying amazing animals.
3.1 Natural History
a) Introduction and life timeline
b) Butterflies the flying jewels - Blue Mormon, Striped
tiger
c) Herpetofauna of India - Flying frog, Fan Throated 04L 08hrs

Page 27

lizard and Gharial
d) Feathered Bipeds: Kingfisher, Drongo
e) Mammals of India: Malabar giant squirrel
3.2 The world‘s most amazing animals (emphasis should be given
only on amazing aspects)
a) Octopus
b) Spider
c) Mudskipper
d) Flying fish
e) Pebble toad
f) Strawberry poison frog
g) Komodo dragon
h) Lesser flamingo
i) Great white pelican
j) Spatule -tailed hummingbird
k) Cheetah 05L 10hrs
3.3 Five most incredible animals discovered within the last decade
a) The Purple (joker) c rab,
b) The African dwarf saw -shark (stabbing s hark),
c) The Psychedelic (crime fighting) g ecko,
d) The Matilda v iper
e) The Myanmar snub -nosed monkey 03L 5hrs
3.4 Marvels of Animals
a) Mantis shrimp: Fastest punch
b) Homing in Pacific s almon
c) Sperm whale: Mechanism of deep sea diving. 03L 08hrs

Page 28

PRACTICAL SEMESTER III
Practical USZOP3 (Course - V)
1 Extraction and detection of DNA
2 Extraction and detection of RNA
3 Mounting of Barr bodies
4 Study of polytene chromo some
5 Study of mitosis - temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
6 Detection of blood groups and Rh factor
7 Problems in Genetics
a) Monohybrid/ Dihybrid Cross: b) X- linked inheritance:
c) Multiple Alleles
8 Chromosome morphology: (photograph to be provided)
9 Pedigree analysis
10 Problems based on molecular biology

Page 29

SEMESTER III
Practical USZOP3 (Course - VI)
1 Urine analysis —Normal and A bnormal constituents
2 Detection of ammonia excreted by fish from aquarium water
3 Detectio n of uric acid from excreta of b irds
4 Study of striated and non -striated muscle fibre
5 Study of nutritional a pparatus (Amoeba, Hydra, Earthworm, Pigeon,
Ruminant stomach)
6 Study of respiratory structures:
a. Gills of bony fish and c artilaginous fish
b. Lungs of f rog
c. Lungs of m ammal
d. Accessory respiratory structur e in Anabas / Clarius
e. Air sacs of Pigeon

7 Study of locomotory organs (Amoeba, Bivalve , Cockroach, Starfish, F ish,
and Bird).
8 Study of different types of hearts (Cockroach, Shark, F rog, Garden lizard,
Crocodile and Mammal) .
9 Study of permanent slides on Reproduction : (a) Sponge gemmules,
( b) Hydra budding , (c) T.S. of mammalian testis , (d) T.S. of mammalian
ovary .

Page 30

SEMESTER III
Practical USZO E1P3 (Course - VIIA) Elective I
1 Extraction of casein from m ilk and its qualitative estimation
2 Preparation of paneer from given milk sample
3 Measurement of density of milk using different samples by Lactometer
4 Study of Honey Bee:
a) Life Cycle of Honey Bee and Bee Hive
b) Mouthparts of Honey Bee
c) Legs of Honey Bee
d) Sting Apparatus of Honey Bee
5 Study of ethological aspects:
a) Warning c olouration
b) Animal i nstinct
c) Imprinting
d) Communication in animals: Che mical signals and S ound signals
e) Displacement activities in animals: Courtship and mating behaviour in
animals and R itualization
6 Study of Protozoan parasites:
a. Trypanosoma gambiense
b. Giardia intestina lis
7 Study of Helminth parasites:
a. Ancylostoma duodenale
b. Dracunculus medi nensis
8 Parasitic adaptations: Scolex and mature proglottid of Tapeworm
9 Study of Ectoparasites:
a) Leech b)Tick c)Mite
10 Project - Suggested topics on economic zoology (e .g. Apiculture / Sericulture/
Lac culture / Vermicompost technique / Construction of artificial
beehives /Animal husbandry/ Aquaculture / any other )

Page 31

SEMESTER III
Practical USZO E2P3 (Course - VIIB) Elective 2
1 Maintenance of Aquarium – Equipment s required for setting up of aquarium –
types of filter, type o f gravel, aerator pump , lighting , nets, different species of
aquatic plants and ornamental fishes .
2 Types of pest – Agricultural -aphids, Household -cockroaches , housefly ,
Structural -termites , Stored grains - borer, Veterinary - fleas,
Forestry - caterpillar.
3 Other pests - a) Invertebrates -nematodes , leech, snails, slugs. b) Vertebrates -
rats, birds
4 Types of pest control –a) Physical b) Biological c) Electronic d) Insecticides,
Rodenticides and Special Treatments
5 Hybrid animals - a) Liger b) Wholphin c) Zebroid d) Savannah cat
6 Most incredible animals in last decades – a) Joker crab b) Snub nose monkey
c ) Matilda viper
7 Endangered animal s of India – a) Amboli bush frog b ) Indian e gg- eating
snake ( Wester mann‘s snake) c) Spoon - billed sandpiper d) Snow leopard
8 A project on aquarium setting in lab oratory / vermicomposting.
9 A field visit to study the natural flora and fauna ; and submission of report with
photographs.

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*Note - The practicals may be conducted by using preserved specimens/permanent slides
authorized by the wild life and such other regulating bodies though it is strongly recommended
that the same should be taught by using photographs/audio -visual aids/s imulations/ models etc. as
recommended by the UGC and as envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring bodies.
No new specimens, however, shall be procured for conducting practicals mentioned here in
above.

N.B:
I) It is pertinent to note that we have to adhere strictly to the directions as given in the UGC
Circular F14 -4/2006 (CPP -II).
II) Apart from the I nstitutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) and any other Committee
appointed by a Competent Authority/Body from time to time, every college should constitute
the following Committees:
1) A Committee for the Purpose of Care and Supervision of Experimental Animals (CPCSEA)
2) A Dissection Monitoring Committee (DMC) to ensure that no dissections or mo untings are
done, using animals
Composition of DMC shall be as follows:
i) Head of the Concerned Department (Convener/Chairperson)
ii) Two Senior Faculty Members of the concerned Department
iii) One Faculty of related department from the same College
iv) One or tw o members of related department from neighboring colleges.






USE OF ANIMALS FOR ANY EXPERIMENT/DISSECTION/MOUNTING IS BANNED.
SIMULATIONS , AUTHORISED PERMANENT SPECIMENS/SLIDES, CHARTS, MODELS
AND OTHER INNOVATIVE METHODS ARE ENCOURAGED.

Page 33

Semester –III
REFERENCE BOOKS AND ADDITIONAL READING

USZO301 (COURSE -V)
1. Principles of Genetics. Gardner, E. J., Simmons, M.J and Snustad, D.P. John Wiley and Sons
2. Concepts of Genetics. Klug, W. S., Cummings M. R., Spencer, C.A. Benjamin Cummings
3. Genetics - A Molecular Approach. Russell, P. J Benjamin Cummings
4. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes. Daniel L., Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones Jones &
Bartlett Publishers
5. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. Griffiths, A. J. F., Wessler. S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll,
S. B. W. H. Freeman and Co
6. Cell Biology Genetics, Molecular Biology Evolution and Ecology Verma P. S. and Agrawal
P.K., 9thedition, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi
7. Principles of Genetics – Eight edition - Eldon john Gardner, Michael J. Simmons, D. Peter
Snustad
8. Genetics - Weaver, Hedrick, third edition, McGraw Hill Education
9. Genetics A Mendelian approach Peter J. Russel, Pearson Benjamin Cummings
10. Genetics A conceptual approach, Benjamin A. Pierce, Southwestern University, W.H.
Freeman and company, New York
11. Genetics, Third Edition, Monroe W. Strickberger
12. Genetics from gene to genome, third edition, Leeland H. Hartwell, Leeroy Hood, Michael 7.
L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, Lee M. Silver, McGraw Hill Education

USZO30 2 (COURSE -VI)
1. Vertebrate Zoology Volume I - Jordan and Verm , S. Chand and Co.
2. Invertebrate Zoology Volume II - Jordan and Verma , S. Chand and Co.
3. Invertebrate Zoology - Majupuria T. C., NaginS.and Co.
4. Chordate Zoology - Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K., R. Chand and Co.
5. Invertebrate Zoology - Dhami P. S. and Dhami J. K., R. Chand and Co.
6. Introduction to Vertebrates - Moore Cambridge University - Low Priced Edition.
7. Zoology - Miller S. A. and Harley J. B., Tata McGraw Hill.
8. Modern Textbook of Zoology, Invertebrates, Kotpal R. L

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9. Biological Science, Taylor D.J., Stout G.W., Green N.P.O, Soper R., Cambridge University Press.

USZOE1303 (COURSE -VIIA)
1. Animal Behaviour - David McFarland
2. Animal Behaviour - Mohan Arora
3. Animal Behaviour - Reena Mathur
4. An introduction to Animal Behaviour - Dawkins
5. Animal Behaviour -Agarwal
6. Animal Behaviour - Tinbergen
7. Biology of Insects - 1992 Saxena S. C. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co New Delhi. Bombay.
Calcutta
8. Bee and Bee Keeping - Roger A. Morse, Co rnell U niversity Press London
9. Vermiculture Technology - Clive A. Edwards, Norman Q. Arancon and Rhonda Sherman
10. Parasitology - Chatterjee K. D., Chatterjee Medical Publishers.
11. Medical Parasitology - Arora
12. Textbook of Medical Parasitology -.C.K Jayaram Paniker, Jaypee Brothers.
13. A text book of Parasitology - Kochhar S. K. Dominant Pub. & Dis, New Delhi.
14. Essentials of Parasitology - Gerald D. Schmidt: Universal Bookstall, New Delhi.
15. Introduction to Parasitology - Sharma P. N. and Ratnu L.S ., Chand S & Co. Pvt. Ltd.
16. Introduction to Parasitology - Chandler and Read John Wiley & Sons
17. Economic Zoology Biostatistics and Animal behaviour – S. Mathur, Rastogi Publicatons.
18. Economic Zoology - Shukla G.S. & Upadhyay V. B., Rastogi Publications.
19. A handbook on Economic Zoology, S. Chand & Co.

USZOE2 303 (COURSE -VIIB)
1. A General textbook of entomology -- A D Imms. Asia Publication.
2. Agricultural insect pests and their control. V.B. Awasthi. Scientific Publication.
3. A manual of practical entomology. – M. M. Trigunayat. Scientific Publication.
4. Applied Entomology – Alaka Prakash and Fennemore. New Age Publishers.
5. Applied Entomology – Awasthi. Scientific Publication.
6. A Text book of insect morphology, physiology and endocrinology – Tembhare D. B. – Chand
Publication
7. Entomology and Pest Management –Larry P. Pedigo. Pearson Education.

Page 35

8. Forensic Entomology -The utility of Arthropods in legal investigations. –Jason H. Byrd and
James L. Castner. CRC Press.
9. General and applied Entomology – David and Ananthakrishnan. Tata McGraw Hill
10. Insect endocrinology and physiology – Tembhare D B – S Chand publication.
11. Insect Jewelry by Roger D. Akre., Laurel D. Hansen, and Richards S. Zack: in Summer
(1991). (Online available as research article).
12. Insect Year Book of Agriculture - American Agriculture Department Publication.
13. Economic Zoology - Shukla G.S. & Upadhyay V. B., Rastogi Publications.
14. A handbook on Economic Zoology, S. Chand & Co.
15. Candler, W., & Kumar, N. (1998). India: The dairy revolution: The impact of dairy
development in India and the World Bank's contribution. World Bank Publications.
16. Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: production, compositio n and health. John Wiley
& Sons, Park, Y. W., & Haenlein, G. F. (Eds.). (2013).
17. Dairy development in India: An appraisal of challenges and achieveme nts. Concept
Publishing Company, Venkatasubramanian, V., Singh, A. K., & Rao, S. V. N. (2003).
18. Dairy Development i n The New Millennium (The Second White Revoluti on). Deep and
Deep Publications, Shrivastava, J. S . M. (2008).
19. http://listverse.com/2012/12/03/10 -amazing -animal -abilities/
20. www.toptenz.net/top -10-amazing -animals -discovered -within -the-last-decade.php
21. dailynewsdig.com/top -10-amazing -animal -hybrids.
22. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/16044142395584735/
23. www.naturalhistorymag.com/
24. https://naturalhistory.si.edu/.

Page 36

SEMESTER IV
Sr.
No USZO401 (COURSE -VIII) No. of
lect
allotted Learning
pleasure
Origin and Evolution of Life, Popul ation Genetics and
Evolution , Scientific Attitude , Methodology, Scientific
Writing and E thics in Scientific Research
Unit 1: Origin and E volution of Life 15L 30hrs
Objective:
 To impart sci entific knowledge about how life originated on our
planet
Desired outcomes:
 Learner will gain insight s into the origin of life.
 Learner will analyse and critically view the different theories of
evolution.
1.1 Introduction
 Origin of the U niverse
 Chemical evolution - Miller -Urey experim ent, Haldane and Oparin
theory
 Origin of life
 Origin of eukaryotic cell 05L 10hrs
1.2 Evidences in fav our of o rganic evolution
 Evidences from geographical distribution, p alaeontology , anatomy,
embryology, physiology and g enetics 04L 08hrs
1.3 Theories of organic evolution
 Theory of Lamarck
 Theory of Darwin and Neo - Darwinism
 Mutation Theory
 Modern s ynthetic theory
 Weismann‘s G ermplasm theory 06L 12hrs

Page 37

Unit: 2: Population Genetics and E volution 15L 28hrs
Objective :
 To develop an understanding of genetic variability within a
population and learn as to how the change in the gene pool leads to
evolution of species
Desired outcomes:
 Learner would understand the forces that cause evolutionary changes
in natural populations
 Learner would comprehend the mechanisms of speciation
 Learner will be able to distinguish between microevolution,
macroevolution and megaevolution
2.1 Introduction to Population genetics
 Definition
 Brief explanation of the following terms: Population, Gene pool, Allele
frequency, Genotype frequency, Phenotype frequency, Microevolution 01L 03hrs
2.2 Population genetics
 Hardy - Weinberg Law
 Factors that disrupt Hardy Weinberg equilibrium: Mutation, Migration
(gene flow), Non -random mating (i nbreeding, in breeding depression,
assortative mating( positiv e and negative ), disassortative mating ,
Genetic drift ( sampling error, fixation, bottleneck effect and founder
effect)
 Natural Selection : Patterns of Natural Selection -Stabilizing selection,
Directional selec tion (e xamples: peppered moth, a ntibiotic resistance in
bacteria, pesticide resistance) and Disruptive selection 05L 08hrs
2.3 Evolutionary genetics
 Genet ic variation: Genetic basis of variation -mutations and
recombination (crossing over during meiosis, independent assortment
of chromosomes during meiosis and random union o f gametes during
fertilization)
 Nature of genetic variations: Genetic polymorphism, Balanced
polymorphism, Mec hanisms that preserve balanced p olymorphism -07L 13hrs

Page 38

Heterozygote advantage and frequency dependent selection,
 Neutral variations
 Geographic variation (Cline)
 Species c oncept: Biological species concept and evolutionary species
concept
 Speciation and Isolating mechanisms : Definition and modes of
speciation ( allopatric, sympatric, parapatric and peripatric )
 Geographical isolation
 Reproductive isolation and its isolating mechanisms
(prezygotic and postzygotic)
2.4 Macroevolution and m egaevolution: Concept and Patterns of
macroevolution ( stasis, preadaptation /exaptation, mass extinctions,
adaptive radiation and coevolution), Megaevolution 02L 04hrs

Unit: 3 Scientific Attitude M ethodology, Scientific Writing
and E thics in Scientific Research 15L 32hrs
Objective :
 To inculcate scientif ic temperament in the learner
Desired outcome :
 The learner would develop qualities such as critical thinking and
analysis
 The learner will imbibe the skills of scientific communication and
he/she will understand the ethical aspects of research
3.1 Process of science:
 A dynamic approach to investigation : The Scientific method ,
Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning, Critical thinking,
Role of chance in scientific discovery (serendipity)
 Scientific r esearch : Definition, difference between method and
methodology , characteristics, ty pes
 Steps in the Scientific m ethod : Identification of research problem,
formulation of research hypothesis, testing the hypothesis using
experiments or surveys, preparing research/study design including 04L 10hrs

Page 39

methodology and execution (appropriate controls, sample size,
technica lly sound, free from bias, repeat experiments for
consistency), documentation of data, data analysis and
interpretation, results and conclusions
 Dissemination of data : Reporting re sults to scientific community
(publication in peer - reviewed journals, thes is, dissertation, reports,
oral presentation, poster presentation)
 Application of knowledge : Basic research, Applied r esearch and
Translational research
3.2 Scientific writing :
 Structure and components of a research paper : preparation of
manuscript for publication of res earch paper - title, authors and their
affiliations, abstract, keywords and abbreviations, introduction,
material and methods, results, discussion, conclusions,
acknowledgement, bibliography; figures, tables and their legend s 04L 10hrs
3.3 Writing a review paper
 Structure and components of review
 Report writing and t ypes of report
 Computer application : Plotting of graphs, Statistical analysis of
data. I nternet and its application in r esearch -Literature survey,
online submission of manuscript for publication 03L 05hrs
3.4 Ethics
 Ethics in animal research : The ethical and sensitive care and use of
animals in research, teaching and testing, approval from Dissection
Monitoring Committee (DMC)
 Ethics in clinical research : Approval from clinical research ethics
committee or/and informed co nsent 03L 05hrs
3.5 Plagiarism 01L 02hrs

Page 40

SEMESTER IV
Sr.
No. USZO402 (Course - IX) No. of
lectures
allotted Learning
pleasure
Unit 1: Cell Biology 15L 24hrs
Objective :
 To study the structural and functional organization of cell with an
emphasis on nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoskeleton.
Desired ou tcome :
 Learner would acquire insight into the composition of the transport
mechanisms adopted by the cell and its organelles for its
maintenance and composition of cell
1.1 Introduction to cell biology
 Definition and scope
 Cell theory
 Generalized prokaryotic, eukaryotic cell: size, shape and structure 02L 04hrs
1.2 Nucleus
 Size, shape, number and position
 Structure and functions of interphase nucleus
 Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane and pore complex
 Nucleolus: general organization, chemical composition & functions
 Nuclear sap/ nuclear matrix
 Nucleocytoplasmic interactions 05L 06hrs
1.3 Plasma membrane
 Fluid Mosaic Model
 Junctional complexes
 Membrane receptors
 Modifications: Microvilli and Desmosomes 04L 08hrs
1.4 Transport across membrane
 Diffusion and Osmosis
 Transport: Passive and Active
 Endocytosis and Exocytosis 02L 04hrs
1.5 Cytoskeletal structures
 Microtubules: Composition and functions
 Microfilaments: Composition and functions

Page 41

Unit: 2: Endomembrane System 15L 28hrs
Objective :
 To acquaint the learner with ultrastructure of cell organelles and their
functions
Desired outcome :
 Learner would appreciate the intricacy of endomembrane system.
 Learner would understand the interlinking of endomembrane
system for functioning of cell
2.1 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) : General mor phology of endomembrane
system, ultrastructure, t ypes of ER and b iogenesis of ER
 Functions of R ough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and S mooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) 01L 03hrs
2.2 Golgi complex: Ultrastructure of Golgi complex, f unctions of Golgi
complex (protein glycosylation, lipid and polysaccharide metabolism ,
protein sorting and secretion , Golgi Anti-Apoptotic Protein -GAAP) 06L 10hrs
2.3 Lysosomes: Origin, occurrence, polymorphism and f unctions ;
Peroxisomes : Origin, morphology & functions 03L 5hrs
2.4 Mitochondria: Ultrastructure, chemical composition, functions of
mitochondria and bioenergetics (Chemical energy & ATP , Kreb ‘s cycle ,
respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation ) 05L 10hrs

Unit: 3 Biomolecules 15L 30hrs
Objective :
 To give learner insight into the structure of biomolecules and their
role in sustenance of life.
Desired outcome :
 The learner will realize the importance of biomolecules and their
clinical significance.
3.1 Biomolecules : Concept of m icromolecules and macromolecules 02L 05hrs

Page 42

3.2 Carbohydrates:
 Definition classification, properties and isomerism, glycosidic bond
 Structure of Monosaccharides (glucose and fructose);
Oligosaccharides (lactose and sucrose) ; Polysaccharides (cellulose,
starch, glycogen and chitin )
 Biological role and clinical significance 04L 08hrs
3.3 Amino Acids and Proteins:
 Basic structure, classification of amino acids,
 Essential and Non -essential amino acids, Peptide bond,
 Protein conformation: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
 Types of proteins – Structural (c ollagen) and functional proteins
(haemoglobin)
 Biological role and clinical significance 05L 08hrs
3.4 Lipids :
 Definition, classification of lipids with examples, ester linkage
 Physical and chemical properties of lipids
 Saturated and u nsaturated fatty acids
 Essential fatty acids ; Triacylglycerols ; Phospholipids (lecithin and
cephalin) ; Steroids ( cholesterol)
 Biological role and clinical significance 04L 05hrs
3.5 Vitamins :
 Water soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit C, Vit B 12)
 Lipid soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit A, Vit D)
 Biological role and clinical significance 02L 04hrs

Page 43

SEMESTER IV
USZOE1403 ( Course -XA) Elective 1
Comparative Embryology, Aspects of Human
Reproduction, Pollution and its effect on organisms
UNIT 1: Comparative Embryology 15L 25hrs
Objective:
 To acquaint the learner with key concepts of embryology.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner will be able to understand and compare the different
types of eggs and sperms
 Learner will be able to understand and compare the different
pre- embryonic stages
1.1 Types of Eggs - Based on amount and distribution of yolk 03L 4hrs
1.2 Structure and Types of Sperm 02L 4hr
1.3 Types of Cleavage s 02L 4hrs
1.4 Types of Blastulae 02L 4hrs
1.5 Types of Gastrulae 02L 4hrs
1.6 Coelom -Formation and types 04L 6hrs

UNIT 2: Aspects of Human Reproduction 15L 30 hrs
Objective s:
 To acquaint the learners with different aspects of human
reproduction.
 To make them aware of the causes of infertility, techniques to
overcome infertility and the concept of birth control
Desired Outcome:
 Learners will able to understand human reproductive
physiology
 Learners will become familiar with advances in ART and
related ethical issues.
2.1 Human reproductive system and hormonal regulation
 Anatomy of human male and female reproductive system 02L 4hrs

Page 44

 Hormonal regulation of reproduction and impact of age on
reproduction - menopause and a ndropause
2.2 Contraception & birth control
 Difference between contraception and birth control
 Natural Methods: Abstinence, rhythm method, temperature
method, cervical mucus or Billings method, coitus
interruptus, lactation amenorrhea
 Artificial methods : Barrier methods, hormonal methods,
intrauterine contraceptives, sterilization, termination,
abortion 02L 4hrs






2.3 Infertility
Female infertility :
 Causes - Failure to ovulate; production of infertile eggs;
damage to oviducts (oviduct scarring and Pelvic
inflammatory disease -PID, TB of oviduct), Uterus (TB
of uterus and cervix)
 Infertility associated disorders - Endometriosis,
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Primary ovarian
failure (POF) ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ( STIs) -
gonorrhoea, chlamyd ia, syphilis and genital herpes ;
Antibodies to sperm; Genetic causes - recurrent abortions
 Role of endocrine disruptors 04L 8hrs
2.5 Treatment of infertilit y
 Removal /reduction of causative environmental factors
 Surgical treatment
 Hormonal treatment - fertility drugs
 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) -
In vitro fertilization (IVF); Embryo transfer (ET) ; Intra -
Fallopian transfer (IFT) , Gamete Intra -Fallopian Transfer
(GIFT) &I ntra-Zygote Transfer (ZIFT) ; Intra -cytoplasmic
Sperm Injection (ICSI) with ejaculated sperm and sperm
retrieved from testicular biopsies ; Testicular sperm
extraction (TESE). 04L 8hrs

Page 45

 Sperm bank , cryopreservation of gametes and embryos
 Surrogacy

UNIT3: Pollution and its effect on organisms 15L 27hrs
Objective :
 To provide a panoramic view of impact of human activities
leading to pollution and its implications.
Desired Outcome:
 The learners will be sensitized about the adverse effects of
pollution and measures to control it.
3.1 Air Pollution
 Types and sourc es of air pollutant
 Effects of air pollution on organisms, its control and
abatement measures 03L 6hrs
3.2 Water Pollution
 Types and sources of water pollutant
 Effects of water pollution on organisms, its control and
abatement measures 03L 6hrs
3.3 Soil Pollution
 Types and sources of soil pollutant
 Effects of soil pollution on organisms, its control and
abatement measures 03L 4hrs
3.4 Sound pollution
 Different sources of sound pollution
 Effects of sound pollution on organisms, its control and
abatement measures 01L 3hrs
3.5 Pollution by radioactive substances 01L 2hrs
3.6 Pollution by solid wastes
 Types and sources,
 Effects of solid waste pollution, its control and abatement
measures 02L 4hrs
3.7 Pollution – Climate Change and Global Warming 02L 2hrs

Page 46

USZO E2403 (Course -XB) Elective 2
Dairy Industry, Sericulture and Aquaculture
UNIT 1: Dairy Industry 15L 30hrs
Objective s:
 To comprehend the functioning of various aspects of
dairy industry.
 To study different indige nous and exotic cattle breeds
including buffalo breeds of India.
 To develop an understanding of the different systems of
breeding and various aspects dealing with housing of
dairy animals.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would gain knowledge on the functioning of
various aspects of dairy industry, indigenous, exotic
cattle and buffalo breeds in India.
 Learner will study different systems of breeding and
gain information regarding various aspects pertaining
to housing of dairy animals.
1.1 Indian Cattle breeds – Origin, distribution, distinguishi ng
characters and economic uses:
 Malvi
 Hariyana
 Deoni
 Red sindhi
 Khillari 02L 4hrs
1.2 Exotic breeds - Origin, distribution, distinguishi ng characters
and economic uses:
 Jersy
 Holstein 02L 4hr
1.3 Indian buffalo breeds - Origin, distribution, distinguishing 02L 4hrs

Page 47

characters and economic uses:
 Nagpuri
 Bhadawari
 Murrah
 Jafrabadi
1.4 Systems of inbreeding and crossbreeding 03L 6hrs
1.5 Maintenance of dairy farm 02L 4hrs
1.6 Weaning of calf, castration and dehorning 02L 4hrs
1.7 Diseases and control 02L 4hrs

UNIT 2: Sericulture 15L 30 hrs
Objective s:
 To comprehend the functioning of sericulture industry
and its scope in India.
 To study the varieties of silk -worms and host plants.
 To critically study the life history and rearing of
Bombyx mori, harvesting, processing of cocoon,
production of silk and diseases afflicting silk -worms.
Desired Outcome:
 Learner would understand the basics of the functioning
of sericulture industry and its scope in India.
 Learner shall gain knowledge on the varieties of silk -
worms, host -plants and aspects on silk extraction and
the diseases afflicting silk -worms.
2.1 Introduction and scope of sericulture 02L 4hrs
2.2 Varieties of silk worm, host plants 02L 4hrs
2.3 Life history and rearing of Bombyx mori 02L 8hrs
2.4 Harvesting and processing of cocoon 02L 4hrs

Page 48

2.5 Reeling and extraction of silk 03L 4hrs
2.6 Diseases and control measures 03L 4hrs

UNIT3: Aquaculture 15L 27hrs
Objective s:
 To comprehend various kinds of aquaculture practices
and its scope as fishery resource in India.
 To study various techniques em ployed in aquaculture
practices
Desired Outcome:
 Learner shall understand the aquaculture practices and
the scope of fishery in India.
 Learner would gain knowledge of various techniques
employed in aquaculture practices.
3.1 Pisciculture:
 Definition and scope of fishery resources in India
 Finfish culture – monoculture and polyculture
 Role of exotic fishes in polyculture
 Cage culture
 Fish seed transport
 Fish diseases -- symptoms and control 05L 6hrs
3.2 Prawn/shrimp culture: Sources, seed, culture methods –
 Giant fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii )
 White shrimp (Penaeus vannamei ) 05L 6hrs
3.3 Pearl culture:
 Pearl producing species and their distribution
 Pearl culture methods
 Composition of pearl 05L 4hrs

Page 49

SEMESTER IV
Practical USZOP4 (Course - VIII)
1 Study of population density by Line transect method & Quadrant method
and calculate different diversity indices.
 Index of Dominance
 Index of frequency
 Rarity Index
 Shannon Index
 Index of species diversity
2 Study of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) by Crystal violet staining technique
3 Study of eukaryotic cells (WBCs) from blood smear by Leishman‘s stain
4 Identification and study of fossils :
 Arthropods: Trilobite
 Mollusca: Ammonite
 Aves: Archaeopteryx
5 Identification of :
 Allopatric speciation (Cyprinodont species)
 Sympatric speciation (Hawthorn fly and Apple maggot fly)
 Parapatric speciation (Sn ail)
6 Bibliography/ Abstract writing
7 Preparation of Power Point Presentation based on research paper.

Page 50

SEMESTER IV
Practical USZOP4 (Course - IX)
1 Study of permeability of cell through plasma membran e (osmosis in
blood cells)
2 Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer (by using permanent
slide)
3 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (Molisch‘s test, Benedicts test,
Barfoed‘s test, Anthrone test)
4 Qualitative tests for protein (Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon‘s test,
Xanthoproteic test)
5 Qualitative test for lipids (Solubility test, Sudan III test)
6 Study of rancidity of lipids by titrimetric method
7 Ultrastructure of cell organelles (Elec tron micrographs) of:
 Nucleus
 Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and Rough)
 Mitochondria.
 Golgi apparatus
 Lysosomes
8. Study of clinical disorders due to carbohydrates, proteins and lipid
imbalance (Photograph to be provided / s ymptoms to be given a nd
disorder to be identified):
 Hyperglycemia
 Hypoglycemia
 Anemia
 Kwashiorkar
 Marasmus
 Fatty Liver

Page 51

SEMESTER IV
Practical USZO E1P4 (Course - XA)
1 Study of air microflora.
2 Estimation of dissolved oxy gen from the given water sample .
3 Estimation of s alinity by refractometer from the given water sample.
4 Estimation of conductivity by conductome ter from the given water sample .
5 Study o f physical properties of soil: temperature, moisture and t exture
6 Study of chemical properties of soil- pH, organic matter
7 Study of sound pollution monitoring device
8 Detection of pregnancy from given sample of urine
9 Study of birth control measures applicable to humans – IUD, condom and hormonal
pills.
10 Study of the following permanent slides, museum specimens and materials
 Mammalian sperm and ovum
 Types of Egg – fish, frog and hen
 Cleavage, blastula and gastrula (Amphioxus, Frog and Bird)
11 Review writing based on programme s telecast by Doordarshan, Gyandarshan,
UGC programmes or other media sources
12 Study of natural ecosystem and field report of the visit

Page 52

SEMESTER IV
Practical USZO E2P4 (Course - XB) – Elective 2
1 Estimation and c omparison of protein content in Cow and Buffalo milk sample
2 Estimation and c omparison of fat content in Cow and Buffalo milk sample
3 Preparation of falooda
4 Preparation of caramel custard
5 Restraining devices used in cattle farming - Halters, gags, bull -rings, muzzles, cradle,
crush and ropes .
6 Study of life cycle of Bombyx mo ri
7 Study of commercially important fishery. (Catla, Rohu, Catfish, Mackeral, Pomfret,
Bombay duck, Prawn/Shrimp, Crab, Lobster, Edible oyster)
8 Study of Crustacean fishery – common characters and sexua l dimorphism in lobster
(Panulirus spp. ), prawn ( Penaeus spp.), crab (Scylla s pp.)
9 Visit to dairy farm /aquacultur e/ fish landing centre/fishery institute and submit report of
the same


For Additional and Latest Information on the topics, various Web Sites can be visited.

Note: The practicals may be conducted by using specimens authorised by the wildlife and such
other regulating authorities though it is strongly recommended that the same should be taught by
using photographs/audio -visual aids/ simulations / models, etc. as recommended by the UGC and
as envisaged in the regulations of the relevant monitoring bodies. No new specimens, however,
shall be procured for conducting practicals mentioned here in above .

# There shall be at least one excursion / field trip.

Page 53

N. B:
I) It is pertinent to note th at we have to adhere strictly to the directions as given in the UGC
Circular F14 -4/2006 (CPP -II).

II) Apart from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) and any other Committee
appointed by a Competent Authority/Body from time to time, every coll ege should constitute the
following Committees:

1) A Committee for the Purpose of Care and Supervision of Experimental
Animals (CPCSEA) and
2) A Dissection Monitoring Committee (DMC)

Composition of DMC shall be as follows:

i) Head of the Concerned Department (Convener/Chairperson)
ii) Two Senior Faculty Members of the concerned Department
iii) One Faculty of related department from the same College
One or two members of related department from neighboring colleges

USE OF ANIMALS FOR ANY EXPERIMENT/DISSECTION/MOUNTING IS
BANNED. SIMULATIONS , AUTHORISED PERMANENT SPECIMENS/SLIDES,
CHARTS, MODELS AND OTHER INNOVATIVE METHODS ARE
ENCOURAGED .

Page 54

Semester IV
References and additional reading
USZO401 (COURSE -VIII)
1. Theory of Evolution - Smith, Cam bridge Press, and Low price Ed
2. Evolution - Strickberger, CBS publication
3. Evolution - P. S. Verma and Agarwal
4. Introduction to Evolution by Moody
5. Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
6. Biology -The Unity and Diversity of Life . C. Starr, R. Taggart, C. Evers, L. Starr,
Brooks/Cole Cengage learning International Edition
7. Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques - by C.R. Kothari, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Mumbai
8. Practical research planning and design 2ndedition - Paul D Leedy, Macmilan Publication

USZO402 (C OURSE - IX)
1. Cell Biology, Singh and Tomar, Rastogi Publication.
2. Cell and Molecular Biology , E.D.P De Robertis and E.M.R Robertis , CBS Publishers and
Distributors.
3. The cell , A molecular a pproach , Goeffrey M. Coper ASM Press Washington D.C.
4. A textbook of c ytology m Suruchi Tyagi Dominant Publishers and Distributors New Delhi.
5. Cell and molecular biology, Gupta P. K., Rastogi Publication, India.
6. Cell Biology , Pawar C.B. Himalaya publication
7. Molecular Biology of the cell , (6thed) by the Insertus
8. Principles of Biochemistry, 2005, 2ndand 3rdedn. Lehninger A.L. Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M ,
9. Biochemistry, Dushyant Kumar Shrma, 2010, Narosa Publishing house PVT.Ltd.
10. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Dr AC Deb, 1983, New Central Book Agency Ltd.
11. A Textbook of Biochemist ry, 9thedition, Dr. Rama Rao A.V.S.S and Dr A Suryalakshmi.
12. Biochemistry - G Zubay , Addison Wesley, 1983
13. Biochemistry, L Stryer, 3rd/4th/5th ed, 1989 , Freeman and Co. NY
14. Harper‘s Biochemistry,1996, 26thedition, Murray R.K. Granner D.K. Mayes P.A. Rodwell
V.M. Hall international USA
15. Outline of Biochemistry, 1976, E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf. John Wiley and Sons USA

Page 55

USZOE1403 ( COURSE -XA)
Referenc es of Elective 1
1. Developmental Biology - 5th Edition, Scot F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates Inc.
2. Developmental Biology - Subramoniam T., Narosa Publishers.
3. Developmental Biology -BerrilN.J., Tata McGraw –Hill Publication.
4. Essential Reproduction -Martin H. Johnson, Wiley -Blackwell Publication .
5. Chick Embryology - Bradley M. Pattern.
6. Embryology -Mohan P. Arora.
7. Chordate E mbryology -Dalela,Verma and Tyagi
8. Human Anatomy and Physiology. E. L. Marieb, Pearson Education Low Price Edition
9. Biological Science. Taylor, Green and Stout. Cambridge Publication
10. Biology. E. P. Solomon, L. R. Berg, D. W. Martin, Thompson Brooks/Cole
11. Hum an Biology -Daniel D . Chiras Jones and Bartlett
12. The Physiology of Reproduction Vol I & II - E. K . Nobil and JU. D. Neil, Raven Press,
New York.
13. Air Pollution, Kudesia V. P. Pragati Prakasan, Meerut
14. Fundamentals of Air Pollution Daniel A. Vallero, Academic press 5th Edition
15. Principles and Practices of Air Poll ution Control and Analysis J. R. MudakaniI K
International Pub. House Pvt. Ltd.
16. Text Book of Air Pollution and its Control, S. C. Bhatia Atlantic
17. Water Pollution, Kudesia V. P., Pragati Prakasan, Meerut
18. A text book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control, S. S. Dogra, Swastic Pub,
New Delhi
19. Practical Methods for water and Air Pollution Monitoring, S. K. Bhargava, New Age
International
20. Hand Book of Water and waste water Analysis, Kanwalji t Kaur, Atlantic
21. Aquatic Pollution by Edward A. Laws
22. Environmental Science and Technology, Stanely E. Manahan
23. Environmental Chemistry, A. K. De, New Age International
24. A Text Book of Environmental Studies, Gurdeep R.Chatwal, Harish Sharma, Madhu Arora,

Page 56

USZOE 2403 ( COURSE -XB)
References of Elective 2
1. Principles of Dairy Chemistry R. Jenness, S. Patton John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2. Fundamentals of dairy chemistry B.H. Webb, A.H. Johnson, J.A. Alford Avi Pub. Co.
3. Food Chemistry Owen R. Fennema CRC Press
4. Food Chemistry John M. De Man Springer
5. Technology of Dairy Products Early, Ralph. Academic & Professional, 1998
6. Quality of milk production and processing technology D.K. Thompkinson and lathasabikhi
New India Publishing agency, New delhi
7. Outl ines of Dairy Technology Sukumar De Oxford University Press, New delhi
8. Food Microbiology William C. Frazier, dennis C. Westoff Tata Mcgrew Hill publishing
Company Ltd. New Delhi
9. Applied Dairy Microbiology Elmer H. Marth, James L. Steele CRC Press
10. Dairy plant engineering and management Tufail Ahmed Kitab Mahal
11. Latest Aquaculture, Principles and Practices by Pillay T.V.R. – Fishing New Books (1988).
12. Course Manual in Fishing Technology by Latha Shenoy, CIFE, Versova, Mumbai.
13. Prawn and Pr awn Fisheries by Kurian and Sebestian

Page 57

MARKING SCHEME OF EXAMINATION (THEORY)

(a) Externa l assessment of one hundred (100) marks per course per semester should be conducted
as per the following skeleton question paper pattern.
(c) One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course each should be conducted at the end
of every semester.

SKELETON - EXAMINATION PATTERN FOR THE ABOVE SYLLABUS
All Questions are compulsory
Figures to the right indicate full marks
Draw neat a nd labe led diagrams wherever necessary
Time: 3 hours Total Marks: 100

Q1 Objective questions * 20 marks
Q.2. UNIT 1
a. Answer any one of the two (10 marks)
b. Answer any two out of the four (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.3. UNIT 2
a. Answer any one of the two (10 marks)
b. Answer any two out of the four (5 marks each) 20 marks
Q.4. UNIT 3
a. Answer any one of the two (10 marks)
b. Answer any two out of the four (5 marks each) 20 marks


Q.5. Answer any four out of six
Unit 1 - (Two notes of five marks each)
Unit 2 - (Two notes of five marks each)
Unit 3 - (Two notes of five marks each) 20 marks

*Note: For Question No. 01 it is recommended to have objective questions on all units, such as –
(a) Match the column (b) MCQ
(c) Give one word for (d) True and False
(e) Define the term (f) Answer in one sentence

Page 58

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER III)
USZOP3 (Course - V)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2hrs 30 min Marks: 50
Major Question 15
Q1. Extraction and detection of DNA
OR
Q1. Extraction and detection of RNA

Minor Question 07
Q2. Mounting of Barr bodies / Polytene chromosomes
OR
Q2. Study of mitosis -Temporary squash preparation of Onion root tip
OR
Q2. Detection of blood g roups and Rh factor
Q3. Problems based on Genetics and Molecular biology
(Transcription /Genetic code) (01 problem each) 10
Q4. Identification 08
A. Chromosome morphology
B. Pedigree analysis
Q5. Viva 05
Q6. Journal 05
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Page 59

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER III)
USZOP3 (Course - VI)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question 15

Q1. Urine analysis —Normal and abnormal constituents

Minor Question 10

Q2. Detection of ammonia excreted by fish in aquarium water
OR
Q2. Detection of uric acid from excreta of Birds
OR
Q2. Mounting of striated and non -striated muscle fibre

Q3. Identification 15
a. Nutritional apparatus
b. Respiratory structures
c. Locomotory organs
d. Study of hearts
e. Permanent slides on reproduction

Q4. Viva 05

Q5. Journal 05

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Page 60

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER III)
USZOE1P3 ( Course - VIIA) – Elective 1
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern
Time: 2 hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question 12
Q1. Extraction of casein from m ilk and its qualitative detection
OR
Q1. Preparation of paneer from the given milk sample.
OR
Q1. Measurement of density of different samples of milk by lactometer
Minor Question (Sketch and label) 08
Q2. Life cycle of h oney bee
OR
Q2. Mouthparts of honey bee
OR
Q2. Legs of honey bee
OR
Q2. Sting apparatus of honey bee
Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 15
a. Ethology
b. Protozoan parasite
c. Helmin th parasite
d. Ectoparasite
e. Parasitic adaptation
Q4. a) Project submission 06
b) Viva based on p roject 04
Q5. Journal 05


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Page 61

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER III)
USZOE2P3 (Course - VIIB) – Elective 2
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2 hrs 30min Marks: 50

Major Question 15
Q1. Identifica tion ( 5 Marks each)
a) Aquarium equipment.
b) Type of pest (Any insect)
c) Other pest

Q.2. Identification (3 Mark s each) 15
a) & b) Type s of pest control
c) Hybrid animal
d) Incredible animal
e) Endangered animal

Q.3. Submission of photographs of any five amazing animals with description. 05

Q4. a) Project submission 06
b) Viva based on project 04
Q5. Journal 05


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Page 62

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER IV)
USZOP4 (Course - VIII)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2 hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question
Q1. Study Population density by Line transect or Quadrant method and calculate Biodiversity
Indices . (Any 2) 12
Minor Question 08
Q2. Prepare a smear to show pro karyotic cell .
OR
Q2. Prepare a smear to show eukaryotic cell.
Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions . 08
a) Fossil b) Speciation
Q4. From the given article, prepare the bibliography/ abstract . 06
Q5. Submission of power point presentation . 06
Q6. Viva . 05
Q.7. Journal . 05
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Page 63

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER IV)
USZOP4 (Course - IX)
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2 hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question 15

Q1. Study of osmosis in R .B.Cs.
OR
Q1. Measurement of cell diameter by occulometer using permanent slide.

Minor Question 10
Q2. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (Molisch‘s test, Benedicts test, Fehling ‘s test, Anthrone
test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative tests for protein (Ninhyd rin test, Biuret test, Millon‘s test, Xanthoprotein test)
OR
Q2. Qualitative test for li pid (Solubility test, Sudan III test)
OR
Q2. Estimation of rancidity of lipids by titrimetric method

Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 15
 Ultrastru cture of cell organelles ( a, b & c)
 Clinical disorders (d & e)

Q4. Viva 05
Q5. Journal 05

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Page 64

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER IV)
USZOE1P4 (Course - XA) – Elective 1
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2 hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question 12
Q1. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen from the given water sample .
OR
Q1. Detection of pregnancy from given sample of urine.
OR
Q1. Determination of organic matter from the given soil sample.

Minor Question 08
Q2. Estimation of salinity by refractometer from the given water sample
OR
Q2. Estimation of conductivity by conductometer from the given water sample
OR
Q2. Determination the pH of the given soil s ample
OR
Q2. Determine the texture of the given soil sample

Q3. Identify and describe as per instructions 15
 Permanent slides (a &b)
 Birth control measure (c)
 Fishery ( d & e)

Q4. a) Field report submission 06
b)Viva based on field report 04

Q5. Journal 05
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Page 65

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER IV)
USZOE2P4 (Course - XB) Elective 2
Skeleton -Practical Examination Question Paper Pattern

Time: 2 hrs 30 min Marks: 50

Major Question 15
Q1.Comparison of protein content from cow and buffalo milk
OR
Q.1 Comparison of fat content from cow and buffalo milk

Minor Question 08
Q.2 Preparation of falooda
OR
Q.2 Preparation of caramel custard

Q.3 Identification (3 marks each) 12
a) Restraining device
b) Any stage of life cycle of Bombyx mori
c) Commercial fishery
d) Crustacean fishery

Q4. a) Project submission 06
b) Viva based on project 04
Q5. Journal 05

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Page 66

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER III
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions
or include new questions to the best of their perception
USZO301 (COURSE - V)
Unit 1 (10 Marks)
1. Define genetics and explain its scope and importance.
2. Explain Mendel‘s laws of inheritance
3. Describe in detail the monohybrid cross and state the Mendelian principle of inheritance
derived from it. Add a note on Co -dominance
4. Describe in detail dihybrid cross and state the Mendelian principles of inheritance derived
from it
5. Discuss in brief inheritance of Mendelian phenotypic traits in humans.
6. Describe incomplete dom inance with a suitable example
7. Describe Co -dominance with a suitable example
8. What is epistasis? Give a detailed accou nt of double dominant epistasis
9. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of recessive epistasis
10. What is epistasis? Give a detailed account of dominant epistasis
11. What is epistasis? Give a detailed accoun t of double recessive epistasis
12. Explain the pattern of inheritance of recessive and dominant leth al alleles
13. Explain the inheritance of multiple alleles with the help of a suitable example
14. Describe polygenic inheritance with reference to skin colour and eye colour in man
15. Compare pleiot ropy and polygenic inheritance
16. Explain the phenomenon of linkage with respect to Morgan‘s Experiment. Add a note on
the differences between complete and incomplete linkage
17. Describe the pattern of inheritance of b lood group and Rh factor in man
18. Explain the cytological basis and molecular mechanis ms of crossing over
19. Explain pedigree analys is of X -linked recessive traits

Page 67

Unit 1 (5 Marks)
1. Describ e the classical concept of gene
2. Explain the modern concept of gene
3. Differentiate between (Any two):
(a) Genotype and phenotype of an organism
(b) Dominant and recessive traits
(c) Gene and genome
(d) Homozygous and heterozygous
(e) Monohybrid and D ihybrid cross
(f) Incomplete Dominance and C o-dominance
(g) Multiple alleles and P olygenes
(h) Test cross and B ackcross
4. Write a note on the ch romosome theory of inheritance
5. Describe co -dominance with a suitable example
6. Give an account of the symbols used in human Pedigree analysis
7. Characteristics of autosomal dominant traits
8. Characteristics of X -linked recessive traits
9. Characteristics of autosomal recessive traits
10. Characteristics of X -linked dominant traits
11. Intermediate lethal alleles
12. Explain the inheri tance of skin colour in humans
13. Write a note on pleiotropy.
Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Explain the stru cture of eukaryotic c hromosome
2. Classify chromosomes on the b asis of the position of centromere
3. Explain any two mechanisms of chromoso mal basis of sex determination
4. Explain the inherita nce of colour blindness in man
5. Explain sex determination in h oney bee and Drosophila

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Unit 2 ( 5 Marks)
1. Describe the terms e uchromatin and heterochromatin
2. Write a note on polytene chromosomes
3. Write a note on Lampbrush chromosomes
4. Write a note on salivary gland chromosome of Drosophila
5. Write a note on Balbiani rings
6. Explain endomitosis
7. Write a note on Gynandromorphs
8. Explain the role of environment on sex determination
9. Explain the role of hormones in sex determination
10. Explain hypertrichosis
11. Differentiate between sex l imited and sex influenced genes
12. Differentiate be tween human X and Y chro mosome s
13. Differentiate between autosomes and sex c hromosomes
14. Write a note on Lyons hypothesis
15. What are Barr bodies? Give a scientific reason that Barr bodies are present only in women and
not in men
16. Give a scientific reason that Y chromosome is a sex determ ining chromosome in man
17. Explain part henogenesis
18. Give scientific reason that the X -linked genes affect males more than females in human being

Unit 3 (10 marks)
1. Describe Grif fith‘s transformation experiment
2. Explain Avery , Macleod, McCarty‘s experiment
3. Give an account of Hershey Chase experim ent of bacteriophage infection
4. Write a note on types of DNA
5. Explain RNA as a genetic material
6. Describe the process of DNA replication
7. Explain in detail the process of trans cription
8. Explain in detail the process of trans lation
9. What is gene expression? Describe the regul ation of genes with lac operon model

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Unit 3 (5 Marks)
1. Chemical composition of nucleic acid
2. A and B DNA
3. Plasmid
4. Function of r RNA
5. Function of mRNA
6. Function of tRNA
7. Genetic code
8. One gene -one enzyme hypothesis
9. Concept of operon
10. ZDNA
11. H DNA
12. Chromosomal DNA in prokaryotes
13. Mitochondrial DNA
14. DNA in chloroplast

Page 70

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER – III
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include
new questions to the best of their perception .

USZO302 (COURSE -VI)
Unit 1 (10 Marks)
1. Explain in detail the digestive system of cockroach.
2. Describe the digestive system of pigeon.
3. With the help of a labeled diagram describe the structure and functions of ruminant stomach.
4. Explain the physiology of digestion in cockroach.
5. Give an account of the enzymes involved in the process of digestion in cockroach.
6. With the help of a labeled diagram describe the structure of mammalian kidney.
7. Give a detailed account of process of urine formation in man.

Unit 1 ( 5 Marks)
1. Write a note on nutrition al apparatus in amoeba.
2. Describe briefly gastro vascular c avity in hydra.
3. Write a note on w heel-organ of Amphioxus.
4. Write a note on structure of ruminant stomach.
5. Write short note on digestion of proteins with respect to man.
6. Write short note on digestion of carbohydrates with respect to man
7. W rite short note on digestion lipids with respect to man
8. Write short note contractile vacuoles in protozoa.
9. Write a note on flame cells.
10. Describe briefly excretory and osmoregulatory structures in cockroach .
11. Diagrammatic representation of structure of mammalian kidney.
12. Write a note on Ammonotelic organisms.
13. Write a note on Ureotelic organisms.
14. Write a note on Uricotelic organisms.
15. Schematic diagram of ultrafiltration in mammalian kidney .

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Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Describe briefly air sacs in pigeon.
2. Describe briefly the process of cellular respiration inhuman
3. Describe briefly the process of respiration inhuman
4. Give a brief account of types of circulating fluids present in animals.
5. Describe briefly mechanism of working of heart.
6. Describ e briefly the heart of shark /fish.
7. Describe briefly the heart of frog.
8. Describe briefly heart of crocodile.
9. Give a brief account of heart of man.

Unit 2 (5 Marks)
1. Write short n ote on cutaneous respiration.
2. Write a note on book lungs in spider.
3. Explain the structure of gills of bony fish
4. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in frog.
5. Describe briefly lungs as respiratory organs in man.
6. Write short note on open circulation.
7. Write short note on closed circulation.
8 Write a note on heart of cockroach
10. Write a note on heart of earthworm

Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure and function.
2. Explain conduct ion of nerve impulse.
3. Briefly describe synaptic transmission.
4. Explain S ol-Gel theory of amoeboid movement.
5. Describe ciliary movement in Paramecium .
6. Give an account on types of wings in insects.
7. Describe different types of fins in fishes .
8. Describe sliding filament theory.
9. Describe briefly asexual reproduction in animals.
10. Describe the structure and function of tube feet.

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11. Describe spermatogenesis.
12. Describe oogenesis.
13. Describe briefly the structure of mammalian gametes.
14. Give a brief on types of fertilization.

Unit 3 (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on irritability in Paramecium .
2. Write a note on resting potential of nerve membrane.
3. Write a note on action potent ial of nerve membrane.
4. Describe different types of neurons on the basis of structure.
5. Describe briefly different types of neurons on the basis of functions.
6. Describe the structure of synapse.
7. Describe striated muscle fibre.
8. Describe the structure of cilia.
9. Give an account on types of legs in insects.
10. Write a note on ovo -vivipariry.
11. Write a note on viviparity.
12. Write a note on oviparity.
13. Describe the structure of mammalian egg.
14. Describe the structure of mammali an sperm.
15. Describe the formation of gemmule in sponges.
16. Write a note on budding as asexual reproduction in animals.

Page 73

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER – III
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include
new questions to the best of their perception.

USZOE1303 (COURSE - VIIA) – Elective 1
Unit 1 ( 10 marks each )
1. How do honey bees communicate for foraging?
2. What is classical conditioning? Explain with an example.
3. What is imprinting? Explain different types of imprinting.
4. What do you mean by animal learning? Describe any two types of learning.
5. Describe the various ways in which ants communicate.
6. What is the significance of mimicry and warning coloration?
7. What is mimicry? Explain di fferent types of mimicry with examples.
8. What is displacement activity? In what situations do displacement activities occur?
Explain with examples.
9. Comment on any two aspects of non -human primate social behaviour .

Unit 1 (5 ma rks)
i. Mimicry
ii. Innate learning
iii. Acquired learning
iv. Warning colouration
v. Imprinting
vi. Classical Conditioning
vii. Territorial behaviour
viii. Schooling behaviour
ix. Altruism
x. Kinship
xi. Displacement activities
xii. Ritualization

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Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Give an account of the life history and pathogen ecity of the parasite causing amoebic
dysentery.
2. Describe the life history of Taenia solium .
3. Give an account of parasitic adaptive features of Taenia solium .
4. Give an account of the life history of Fasciola hepatica.
5. Give an account of the life history of filarial worm and discuss its pathogenic effects.
6. Describe the life history of bedbug and suggest some control measures.
7. Give an account of the life history of Sarcoptes scabiei.
8. Give an account of the life history of head l ouse Pediculus.
9. What is bird flu? How it spread s and what are its symptoms?
10. How would you control the transmission of anthrax among humans?
11. How is anthrax transmitted to man?

Unit 2 (5 Marks)
1. Describe the structure of E. histolytica.
2. Write a brief note on amoebiasis.
3. Write a short note on pathogenecity of E. histolytica .
4. Briefly describe the life cycle of E. histolytica .
5. Illustrate the complete life history of T. solium with the help of diagram only.
6. What is the effect of Fasciola on the hosts?
7. Describe the life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti .
10. What is host specificity?
11. What are the signs and symptoms of bird flu?
12. How is rabies transmitted in human ?
13. What are th e preventive measures to be taken to prevent infection of rabies virus?
14. What is toxoplasmosis and what are its causes?
15. Write notes on:
i. Parasitic adaptations in endoparasites
ii. Cysticercus or bladder worm.
iii. Pathogenecity of Wuchere ria
iv. Control measures of bedbug.
v. Types of hosts

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Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. What does the modern method of apiculture include? Explain in brief.
2. How is an artificial bee hive constructed?
3. How do you select the flora and bee species for apiculture?
4. Enumerate the advantages of vermiculture
5. Describe any two methods of vermiculture.
6. Describe the processing of raw milk .
7. Write a brief note on Type A1 and A2 cow milk.

Unit 3 (5 Marks)
1. State the economic importance of honey and beeswax.
2. What are the disadvantages of the indigenous method of apiculture?
3. How does the wax moth cause damage to the honey comb?
4. Name any two bee enemies and explain how they harm the bees.
5. Give an account of the commonly found species of honey bee in India.
6. What are the advantages of the modern method of apiculture?
7. Which type of flora is beneficial for apiculture?
8. Which type of bee is suitable for apiculture?
9. What is the chemical composition of honey?
10. What is the sui table material for culturing earthworms?
11. What are the advantages of processing dairy products?
12. What is whole milk and toned milk? How is toned milk prepared?

Page 76

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER – III
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions or include
new questions to the best of their perception.

USZOE2303 (COURSE - VIIB)
Unit 1 10 mark each
1. Give a brief account on exotic species used in aquarium.
2. Give a brief account on endemic species used in aquarium.
3. Give sexual dimorphism in fresh water fishes along with examples.
4. Give sexual dimorphism in marine water fishes along with examples.
5. Give a brief account on f eed used in aquarium.
6. Give a brief account on fish transportation in aquarium.

Unit 2 (10 mark each )
1. Explain agricultural pests along with suitable example.
2. Explain household pests along with suitable example.
3. Explain stored grains pests along with suitable example.
4. Explain structural pests along with suitable example.
5. Explain veterinary pests along with suitable example.
6. Explain forestry pests along with suitable example.

Unit 3 (10 mark questions) :
1. Give a brief account on Blue M ormon butterfly and Striped Tiger butterfly
2. Describe the behaviour of Octopus and spider as most dedicated mothers in the world.
3. Describe marvellous characters of fan throated lizard and flying frog .
4. Describe marvellous characters of Mantis shrimp .
5. Give a brief account on Malabar giant squirrel
6. Describe marvellous characters of the Purple (Joker) crab and lesser flamingo .
7. Descri be marvellous characters of the Stabbing Shark and Crime fighting gecko.
8. Describe marvellous characters of the Gharial and the Matilda Viper

Page 77

Unit 1 (5 Marks)
Write short note on :-
1. Budget ing for setting up of an aquarium
2. Fish packing
3. Formulated fish feed
4. Gold fish
5. Molly
6. Guppy

Unit 2 (5 Marks )
Write short note on :-
1. Jowar stem borer
2. Brinjal fruit borer
3. Aphids
4. Rice weevil.
5. Non-insect pests
6. Cultural control of pests
7. Physical control of pests
8. Mechanical control of pests
9. Chemical control of pests
10. Biological control of pests
11. Concept of IPM

Unit 3 (5 Marks )
Write short note on the amazing characters in following amazing animals.
1. Blue Mormon butterfly
2. Striped Tiger butterfly
3. Mudskipper
4. Komodo dragon
5. Pebble toad
6. Lesser flamingo
7. Great white pelican
8. Drongo

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9. Malabar giant squirrel
10. Cheetah
11. Octopu s

Page 79

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER - IV
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions
or include new questions to the best of their perception

USZO401 (COURSE - VIII)
Unit 1 (10 Marks )
1. Write explanatory notes on: 1. Lamarckism 2. Darwinism and Neo Darwinism
3. Mutation Th eory 4. Modern Synthetic theory 5. Weismann‘s germplasm theory
2. Discuss evidences in favour of organic evolution by giving example s of geographical
distribution
3. Discuss evidences in favour of organic evolution by giving example s based on g enetic
studies .
4. Discuss evidences in favour of organic evolution by giving examples based on
physiological studies.
5. Give a brief accou nt on the o rigin of eukaryotic cell

Unit 1 (5 Marks)
1. Describe Miller -Urey experiment simulating Chemical evolution.
2. Describe chemical evolution as postu lated by the Haldane and Oparin theory
3. Write short notes on: 1. Mutation Theory 2. Modern Synthetic theory
Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Define the term ‗population genetics‘. Describe in brief the various evolutionary forces
that tend to disturb genetic equilibrium and introduce changes i n the gene pool of a
population
2. State Hardy Weinberg‘s law of equilibrium a nd discuss its salient featu res
3. Give an account of the different factors involved in speciation
4. Describe th e different types of speciation
5. Explain the role of geographic isolation in the development of new species
6. Explain the role of reproductive isolation in the development of new s pecies
7. Discuss the pre -zygotic barriers responsi ble for reproductive isolation

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8. Discuss the post -zygotic barriers which lead to reproductive isolation
9. Describe the sources of genetic va riation in natural populations
10. Explain the nature and extent of genetic variation within populations
11. Describe the mechanisms that preserve balanced polymorphisms
12. Describe the sal ient features of microevolution
13. Compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution
14. Explain the sal ient features of macroevolution
15. Give an account of the diffe rent patterns of macroevolution
16. Elaborate on the role of adaptive radiation and extinction in macroevolution
17. What do you understand by the term natural selection? Describe the different types of
natural s election with suitable examples
18. What is megaevolution? Explain the mechanism of megaevo lution using a suitable
example

Unit 2 (5 Marks)
1. Explain the term ‗gene pool‘. How does evolution operate via the gene pools of
populations?
2. Differentiate between:
a. Allopatric and Sympatric speciation
b. Biological and evolutionary species
c. Microevolution and macroevolution
d. Stabilizing selection and disruptive selection
3. Explain stabilizing selection with the help of a suitable example
4. How does the example of sickle cell allele illustrate heterozygote advantage?
5. How does frequency -dependent selection affect genetic variation within a population over
time?
6. Write short notes on:
a. Role of mutations in evolution
b. Role of migration in evolution
c. Non-random mating
d. Role of natural selection in evolution
e. Gene tic drift

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f. Bottleneck effect
g. Founder effect
h. Directional evolution in peppered moth
i. Evolution of Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
j. Geographic variation
k. Genetic polymorphism
l. Parapatric speciation
m. Adaptive radiation
7. What is the biological species concept? What are its limitations? How does it differ from
the evolutionary species concept?
8. Explain the concept of co evolution using suitable examples
Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. Describe briefly, the steps towar ds preparing a research design
2. Describe literature survey, colle ction of data and its analysis
3. What is a patent and how is it obtained?
4. Write an account on applica tion of statistics in research
Unit 3 (5 Marks)
1. Define research. State the difference between research m ethod and research methodology
2. Write a note on co mputer application in research
3. Describe briefly identification of research problem and formulation of research hypothesis
4. Write a note on abstract writing?
5. Write a note on plagiarism?
6. Write a note on bibliography?
7. Write a short not e on ethics in scientific research

Page 82

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER - IV
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions
or include new questions to the best of their perception

USZO402 (COURSE - IX)
Unit 1 (10 Marks)
1. Explain prokaryotic cell.
2. Explain Eukaryotic cell.
3. Give an account of cell theory.
4. Describe the ultrastructure of nuclear membrane.
5. State the chemical composition and functions of nucleolus.
6. Describe nucleocytoplasmic interactions .
7. Describe fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.
8. Give an account of active and passive transport
9. Describe various modifications of plasma membrane
11. Explain endocytosis and exocytosis
12. Give an account on cell permeability
13. Differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Unit 1 (5 Marks)
Write a short note on:
1. Virus
2. Nuclear matrix
3. Number a nd position of nucleus .
4. Nucleolus
5. Membrane receptors

Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Write a note on structural organization & importance of endomembrane system.
2. Describe ultrastructure of Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Describe the types and functions of ER.
4. Give an account of ultrastructure and functions of Golgi complex.
5. Write an essay on functions of Golgi complex.

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6. Give an account of polymorphism in lysosomes.
7. Write an essay on peroxisomes.
8. Describe the structure and chemical composition of mitochondria.
9. Write a note on mitochondria as powerhouse of the cell.
10. Describe the major functions of mitochon dria.

Unit 2 (5 Marks)
1. Importance of endomembrane system
2. Write a short note on biogenesis of endomembrane system
3. Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
4. Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Structure of Golgi complex
6. Chemical composition of Golgi complex
7. Lipid & polysaccharide metabolism in Golgi complex
8. Secretion and protein sorting by Golgi complex
9. Write a brief note on GAAP
10. Write a brief note on protein glycosylation by Golgi complex
11. Origin and functions of lysosomes
12. Write a short note on peroxisomes
13. Structure of mitochondria
14. Chemical composition of mitochondria
15. Write a short note on ATP
16. Write a short note o n glycolysis
17. Write a short note on Kreb‘s cycle
18. Write a short note on oxidative phosphorylation

Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. Explain the concept of micromolecules and macromolecules.
2. Define carbohydrate. Add a note on its classification.
3. What are carbohydrates? Classif y carbohydrate with suitable examples.
4. Explain with suitable example monosaccharide and disaccharide.
5. Discuss the properties of carbohydrates.
6. Explain oligosaccharides with suitable examples .

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7. What are polysaccharides? How are they classified ? Write the structures of glycogen and
heparin/ chitin and heparin.
8. Discuss about chemical structure of the monosaccharides / disaccharides.
9. What are amino acids? Classif y amino acids based on functional group.
10. Give an account of primary and secondary structure of proteins.
11. Write an account on tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
12. Describe the structure of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
13. What are fatty acids? Add a note on types o f fatty acids.
14. Describe the structure and functions of water soluble vitamins.
15. Describe the structure and functions of lipid soluble vitamins .

Unit 3 (5 Marks)
1. Write a short note on monomers and polymers.
2. Write note on properties of carbohydrates.
3. Give an account of polysaccharides.
4. With suitable example explain glycosidic bond.
5. Explain the linkage in lactose and sucrose.
6. Give the biological importance of carbohydrates.
7. What are essen tial and nonessential amino acids?
8. Give an account of properties of amino acids.
9. Define and explain peptide bond with suitable example.
10. Explain the different types of proteins with suitable examples.
11. Explain the biological role of protein s.
12. Peptide bond
13. Types of fatty acids.
14. Biological role of lipids
15. Sterols
17. Describe properties of lipids.
18. Discuss the clinical significance o f protein / carbohydrate .
19. Write short note on clinical significance of lipids.
20. Write a note on isomerism in carbohydrates/ amino acids.
21. Describe the structure and functions of vitamin A/ vitamin B/ vitamin C/ vitamin D.

Page 85

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER - IV
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions
or include new questions to the best of their perception

USZOE1403 (COURSE - XA) – Elective 1
Unit -1 (10 Marks)
1) Classify the different types of eggs.
2) Briefly explain types and structure of sperms (any two animals).
3) Define cleavage Explain types of cleavages.
4) Give brief account on various types of blastulae.
5) What is gastrulation? Explain gastrulation in frog.
6) Give an account of process of coelom formation and its types
Unit -1 (5 Marks)
1) Draw neat labeled diagram and explain any one of the following:
(Microlecithal, Alecithal, Homolecithal, Heterolecithal, Isolecithal, Telolecithal,
Centrolecithal, Discoidal ).
2) Explain structure of sperm of frog/ reptile/ bird/ mammal .
3) Short note on holoblastic cleavage/ m eroblastic cleavage.
4) Short note on equal or unequal cleavage.
5) Short note on discoblastula /coeloblastula.
6) Short note on centroblastula /amphiblastula /stereoblaastula,
7) Explain the process of coelom formation
8) Explain the proce ss of gastrulation.

Unit 2 (10 Marks)
1. Describe male reproductive system and its hormonal regulation.
2. Describe female reproductive system and its hormonal regulation.
3. Define reproduction. Explain the hormonal regulation of reproduction.
4. What is contraception? Explain different methods of contraception.
5. Explain the various measures of birth co ntrol.
6. Define infertility and explain the causes of female infertility.
7. What are the causes of male infertility?
8. Explain the hormonal treatment for infertili ty using drugs.

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9. Describe the methods of treatment of infertility.
10. Give a brief account of infertility related disorders.
11. What are sperm banks? Add a note on cryopreservation of sperms.
12. What is testicular biopsy? Explain Testicular sperm extraction (TESE), Pronuclear
stage transfer (PROST).
13. What are the steps involved in Embryo transfer (ET) and / Intra -fallopian transfer
(IFT) /IVF? Add a note on its ethics.
Unit 2 (5 Marks)
1. Write a note on impact of age on reproductive stage –
a. Menopause
b. Andropause
2. Write a note on amenorrhea.
3. How does sterilization act as a method of contraception?
4. Write a note on birth control.
5. What is the difference between natural and artificial methods of contraception?
6. How is T.B. a cause of female infertility?
7. What are the genetic caus es of infertility?
8. Write a note on STD‘s as infertility related disorders?
9. What are the roles of endocrine disruptions in infertility?
10. Explain the role of the following in infertility:
a. Gonorrhoea
b. Syphilis
c. Genital Herpes
d. Chlamydia
11. Write a note on treatment of infertility by removal of causative environmental
factors.
Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. What are the causes, effects and control measures for air pollution?
2. What are the causes, effects and control measures for water pollution?
3. What are the causes, effects and control measures for soil pollution?
4. What are the causes, effects and control measures for sound pollution?
5. Define air pollution and give an account of hazardous air pollutants.

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6. What is ocean littering? Explain in detail the causes and control measures for
ocean littering?
7. Describe the alteration of metabolism of micro -organisms due to soil pollution.
8. Explain sound pollution along with its measurement and permissible limits.
9. Give a brief account of methods to control gaseous / particulate matters.
10. What is pollution? Add notes on:
a. Effect of air pollution on vegetation.
b. Effect of sound pollution on animals.
Unit 3 (5 Marks )
1. Explain the effects of air pollution on human beings.
2. What are different types of pollutants that cause air pollution?
3. Write short notes on:
a. Ozone depletion
b. Green house gases
c. Global warming
d. Acid rain
e. Sonic boom
f. Acoustic zoning
4. Explain the effect of thermal pollution on biodiversity.
5. Write a note on ionizing radiation
6. How is oil spill become s a cause of water pollution / ocean littering?
7. How do pesticides and fertilizers contaminate water?
8. How can oil be retracted back from sea / ocean?
9. What are the effects of soil pollution on food chain?
10. What are the auditory / non – auditory effects of sound pollution?

Page 88

MODEL QUESTION BANK SEMESTER - IV
Question bank is suggestive. The paper setters are free to modify the questions
or include new questions to the best of their perception

USZOE2403 (COURSE - XB) – Elective 2
Unit 1 (10 Marks )
1. Give in brief different indigenous breed of cattle with a suitable example.
2. Give in brief different exotic breeds of cattle with a suitable example.
3. Give in brief different breed of buffalo with a suitable example.
4. Give in brief different housing types in dairy farm .
5. Explain dif ferent types of diseases in cattle and add a note on its control.

Unit 1(05 Marks)
Write short note on
1. Malvi
2. Hariyana
3. Deoni
4. Red sindhi
5. Khillari
6. Jersy
7. Holstein
8. Nagpuri
9. Bhadawari
10. Murrah
11. Jafrabadi
12. Weaning of calf
13. Castration
14. Dehorning
15. Cleaning and sanitation.
Unit 2 (10 Marks )
1. Give in brief life history of silkworm.
2. Give in brief reeling and extraction of silk.
3. Give in brief diseases and control measures in sericulture.

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4. Give in brief harvesting and processing of cocoon.
Unit 2 (5 Marks )
1. Varieties of silkworm
2. Rearing of silkworm
3. Silk extraction
4. Host plants for sericulture
Unit 3 (10 Marks)
1. Give an account on pis ciculture, add a note on finfish culture
2. Explain monoculture with respect to aquaculture
3. Explain polyculture with respect to polyculture
4. Give an account on fresh water prawn culture
5. Give an account on pearl culture.
Unit 3 (5 Marks )
Write short notes on :-
1. Composition of pearl
2. White shrimp culture
3. Cage culture
4. Fish diseases
5. Symptoms of diseases
6. Control of diseases

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