F Y BSC Microbiology_1 Syllabus Mumbai University


F Y BSC Microbiology_1 Syllabus Mumbai University by munotes

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AC 24/06/2016
Item no. 4.15


UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI



Revised Syllabus for F. Y.B.Sc.
Program: B.Sc.
Course: MICROBIOLOGY (USMB)

(Choice Based Credit System with effect from the
Academic year 2016-17)

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PREAMBLE
With the introduction of Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) by the esteemed University from
the academic year 201 6-201, the existing syllabus of F.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology i s restructured
according to the CB CS pattern for its implementation from 201 6-2017.
While earlier revisi on of the syllabus took care of balanc ing both the basic techniques and some
of the advance techniques (as remaining will be introduced phase wise at S.Y.B.Sc. and
T.Y.B.Sc level) in Microbiology, the present revision is related to restructuring of syllabus as per
CBCS pattern .
The concept s of B iosafety, Validation, Calibration and SOPs have been introduced to make
the learners aware about : -
i. The biological hazards and safety measures
ii. Importance of Validation and Calibration of Scientific equipments in industries and
laboratories.
iii. Writing of SOP s for instruments and their importance at wor k.
The unique chemistry of living systems results in large part from the remarkable and diverse
properties of Biomacromolecules.Macromolecules from each of the four major classes may act
individually in a specif ic cellular process,where as others associate with one another to form
supramolecular structures.All of these structures are involved in important cellular
processes.Since the arrival of information technology,biochemistry has evolved from an
interdiscipli nary role to becoming a core program for a new generation of interdisciplinary
courses such as bioinformatics and computational biochemistry . Hence the module of
macromolecules has been included in the revised syllabus to teach students the structure and
function of biomolecules at an entry level with an objective to raise the student’s awareness of
the applicability of microcomputers in biochemistry as they go to the higher classes.




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F.Y.B.Sc Microbiology Syllabus (General Outline)
Revised for Choice Based Credit System
To be implemented from the Academic year 2016- 17

SEMESTER I
Course Code Title Credits
USMB -101
Theory FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures)
Unit -I History,Introduction & Scope Of Microbiology
Prokaryotic Cell Structure, 15 lectures.
Unit -II Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Biosafety In Microbiology 15 lectures.
Unit -III Macromolecules 15 lectures.
USMB -102
Theory BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures )
Unit -I Microscopy & Staining 15 lectures.
Unit -II Control Of Microorganisms 15 lectures.
Unit -III Microbial Nutrition,Cultivation,Isolation & Preservation 15 lectures.
USMBP -1 PRACTICALS 2 Credits
SECTION -1
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY.
(Practicals Based On Unit -I,II & III Of USMB -101 1 Credit
(45 lectures)
SECTION -2
BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROBIOLOGY.
(Practicals Based On Unit -I,II & III Of USMB -102 1 Credit (45
Lectures)
SEMESTER II
USMB -201
Theory BASICS OF MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 Lectures)
Unit -I Study Of Different Groups Of Microbes -I 15 lectures.
Unit -II Study Of Different Groups Of Microbes -II 15 lectures.
Unit -III Microbial Growth 15 lectures.
USMB -202
Theory EXPLORING MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 Lectures)
Unit -I Microbial Interactions 15 lectures.
Unit -II Micro bes & Human Health 15 lectures.
Unit -III Advance Techniques In Microbiology & Instrumentation 15 lectures.
USMBP -2 PRACTICALS 2 Credits
SECTION -1
BASICS OFMICROBIOLOGY.
(Practicals Based On Unit -I,II & III Of USMB -201) 1 Credit (45
Lectures)
SECTION -2
EXPLORING MICROBIOLOGY.
(Practicals Based On Unit -I,II & III Of USMB -202) 1 Credit
(45Lectures)
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F.Y.B.Sc Microbiology: Detail Syllabus
Revised for Credit Based Semester & Grading System
To be implemented from the academic year 2014 -15

Bachelor of Science in Microbiology Duration: Six Semesters
SEMESTER I
Course Code Title Credits Notional
Periods
USMB -101
Theory FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures ) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I 1.1 History,Introduction & Scope Of Microbiology :
a. Discovery of microorganisms
b. Conflict over spontaneous generation
c. Golden Age Of Microbiology- Koch Postulate, Medical
Microbiology, Immunology
d. Development of industrial microbiology and microbial
ecology
e. Scope and relevance of microbiology
f. Future of microbiology

1.2 Prokaryotic Cell Structure and functions :
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Components external to cell wall -Capsule, Slime layer,
Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae
d. Cytoplasmic matrix -Inclusion bodies, magnetosomes,
ribosomes, gas vesicles
e. Nucleoid, Plasmids
f. Bacterial endospores and their formation 15 lectures.
(03 + 12 Lec.) 15
Unit -II 2.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure:
a.Overview of Eucaryotic cell structure
b.The plasma membrane and membrane Structure
c.Cytoplasmic matrix, microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, and microtubules
d.Organelles of the Biosynthetic -secretory and endocytic
pathways – Endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus.
Definitions of Lysosome, Endocytosis, Phagocytosis, Autophagy, Proteasome e.Eucaryotic ribosomes
f.Mitochondria
g.Chloroplasts
h.Nucleus – Nuclear Structure
i.External Cell Coverings: Cilia And Flagella j.Comparison
Of Prokaryotic And Euk aryotic Cells
2.2Biosafety In Microbiology:
a. Means of laboratory infection 15 lectures.
(12 + 03 Lec.) 15
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b. Potentially hazardous procedures
c. Responsibility
d. Risk Assessment
e. Restricted a ccess
f. Safety equipments
g. Immunization and medical records
h. Training of personnel
i. Laboratory procedures
j. Levels of Containment
Unit -III Macromolecules
3.1Chemical foundations :
a. Biomolecules as compounds of carbon with a
variety of functional groups.
b. Universal set of small molecules.
c. Macromolecules as the major constituents of cells.
d. Configuration and Conformation with definitions
and suitable examples only.
e. Types of Stereoisomers and importance of stereoisomerism in biology.
f. Types of bonds and their importance: Electrovalence, covalent, ester, phosphodiester, thioester, peptide, glycosidic
3.2 Water - Structure, properties in brief.
3.3Carbohydrates :
Definition, Classific ation, Biological role.
Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides ( maltose, cellobiose,
sucrose, lactose) and polysaccharide (starch, glycogen, peptidogycan, cellulose )
3.4 Lipids:
Fatty acids as basic component of lipids and their classification (Lehninger) , nomenclature, storage lipids and
structural lipids.Types of lipids with general structure of each and mention examples.
3.5 Amino acids & proteins:
General structure and features of amino acids (emphasis on
amphoteric nature)Classification by R -group, Uncommon
amino acids and their functions
Peptides and proteins - Definition and general features and
examples with biological role.
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures of proteins - Brief outline.
3.6 Nucleic acids:
Nitrogenous bases - Purines , Pyrimidines
Pentoses- Ribose, Deoxyribose, Nomenclature of
Nucleosides and nucleotides, N -β-glycosidic bond,
polynucleotide chain to show bonding between nucleotides (Phosphodiester bonds).
Basic structure of RNA and DNA. 15 lectures.

02 Lec.










01 Lec.
04 Lec.




03 Lec.





03 Lec.








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USMB -102
Theory BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures ) Notional
Periods
Self Study
(45)
Unit -I Microscopy & Staining 15 lectures. 15
1.1 Microscopy :
History of microscopy , Optical spectrum, Lenses and
mirrors:
Simple and compound light microscope ,
Dark field Microscopy , Phase contrast

1.2 Staining procedures
a. Dyes and stains: Types, Physicochemical basis
Fixatives, Mordants, Decolori zers
b. Simple and differential staining
c. Special staining (Cell wall, C apsule, Lipid granules
,Spores, Metachromatic granules & Flagella ) 08 Lectures

07 Lectures
Unit -II Control Of Microorganisms 15 lectures. 15
2.1 Definition of frequently used terms & Rate of
microbial death ,Factors affecting the effectiveness of
antimicrobial agents & Properties of an ideal disinfectant
2.2 Evaluation of disinfectant –Tube dilution & Agar
plate techn iques, Phenol coefficient , Tissue tox icity
index
2.3 Physical methods of microbial control
a. Dry & moist heat – mechanisms, instruments
used and their operations
b. Electromagnetic radiations – Ionizing radiations,
mechanisms –advantages & disadvantages
c. Bacteria proof filters
d. Low temperature
e. Osmotic pressure
f. Desiccation
2.4 Chemical methods of microbial control - mechanism
& advantages & disadvantages (if any) applications.
a. Phenolics
b. Alcohols
c. Heavy metals and their compounds
d. Halogens
e. Quaternary ammonium compounds
f. Halogens
g. Dyes
h. Surfaces active agents/Detergents
i. Aldehydes p
j. Peroxygens
k. Sterilizing gases
l.
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2.5 Chemotherapeutic agents - List types of agents active
against various groups & mention the site of
action (Detailed mode of action not to be done)
Unit -III Microbial Nutrition,Cultivation,Isolation&
Preservation 15 lectures. 15
3.1 Nutritional requirements – Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur and growth factors.
3.2 Nutritional types of microorganisms
3.3 Types of Culture media with examples
3.4 Isolation of microorganisms and pure culture
techniques
3.5 Preservation of microorganisms
3.6 Culture Collection Centres
USMBP -1 PRACTICALS 2 Credits Notional
Periods
SECTION -1
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY. 1 Credit
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I 1. Assignment : Contribution of Scientists in the field
of Microbiology
2. Special staining: Cell wall, capsule, endospore,
flagella, lipid, metachromatic granules.
Unit -II 3. Handling corrosive chemical using rubber teat
method for pipetting. Prevention of mouth pipetting and use of auto- pipettes.
4. Discard of highly infectious pathogenic samples like T.B, sputum etc.
5. Explain safety inoculation hood for infection inoculations and laminar air flow.
6. On accidental spillage of/ breakage of culture containers -precautions to be taken.
7. Demonstration of microbes in air, cough, on table surface, finger tips.
8. Permanent slides of Eukaryotes & its organelles:
9. Assignment: Eukaryotic organelles

Unit -III
10. Qualitative de tection :
11. Carbohydrates - Benedicts, Molisch’s test.
12. Proteins, amino acids - Biuret, Ninhydrin.
13. Nucleic acid detection by DPA and Orcinol.
SECTION -2
BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROBIOLOGY. 1 Credit
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I 1. Parts of a microscope,
2. Micrometry
3. Dark field and Phase contrast : Demonstration
4. Monochrome and differential staining procedures , Gram
staining & Negative Staining .
Unit -II 5. Introduction to Laboratory equipments, disinfection &
discarding techniques in laboratory
6. Methods of preparation of glassware for Sterilization
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(Pipettes, Petri Plates, Plastic wares, Flasks,
Micropipettes, microtitre plates) & Control of micro
organi sms using moist heat & dry heat sterilization
(Sterilization of Dry powders, Rubber gloves, Bandages, Screw capped tubes, Sterilizable plasticwares)
7. Effect of UV Light, Desiccation, surface tension, Osmotic Pressure, heavy metals(Oligodynamic action)
8. Effect of dyes, phenolic compounds and chemotherapeutic agents( disc inhibition method)
9. Evaluation of Disinfectant by Coupon Method
Unit -III
10. Preparation of Culture Media :
a. Liquid medium(Nutrient Broth)
b. Solid Media(Nutrient agar,Sabourauds agar)
c. Preparation of slant ,butts & plates
11. Inoculation techniques and Study of Growth:
a. Inoculation of Liquid Medium
b. Inoculation of Solid Media(Slants, Butts and Plates)
c. Study of Colony Characteristics of pigment & non-pigment producing bacteria .
d. Study of Motility (Hanging Drop Preparation)
12. Use of Differential & Selective Media : (MacConkey
& Salt M annitol A gar)
13. Determination of Optimum growth conditions :
a)Temperature, b) pH
14Methods of Preservation of culture
SEMESTER II Notional
Periods
USMB -201
Theory BASICS OF MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I Study Of Different Groups Of Microbes -I:
1.1Viruses :
a) Historical highlights, General properties of viruses,
prions,viroids
b) Structure of viruses -capsids, envelopes, genomes,
c)Cultivation of viruses - overview
d) Bacteriophages: Lytic cycle. L ysogeny, Structure and
Life cycle of T4 phage.
1.2 Ricketssia, Coxiel la, Chlamydia,Mycoplasma:
general features, medical significance
1.3Actinomycetes : General features of Nocardia and
Streptomyces Importance: ecological, commercial and
medical
1.4 Archae a: Introduction- Major Archaeal physiological
groups , Archae al cell wall, lipids and membranes,
Ecological importance 15 lectures.
07 Lectures







03 Lectures

02 Lectures


03 Lectures
15
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Unit -II Study Of Different Groups Of Microbes -II:
Classification, Morphological characteristics, cultivation,
reproduction and significance
2.1 Protozoa- Major Categories of Protozoa Based on
motility, reproduction. Medical ly important Protozoa
Life cycle of Entamoeba
2.2 Algae - Characteristicsof algae: morphology,
Pigments, reproduction Cultivation of algae. Major
groups of Algae –an overview.Biological ,Medical and
economic importance of Algae. Differences between Algae and Cyanobacteria
2.3 Fungi and Yeast -Characteristics: structure,
Reproduction.Cultivation of fungi and yeasts. Major
fungal divisions - overview. Life cycle of
yeast ,Biological and economical importance
2.4 Slime molds and Myxomycetes 15 lectures.


04 Lectures



05 Lectures




05 Lectures



01 Lecture 15
Unit -III Microbial Growth:
3.1
a. Definition of growth, Mathematical Expression,
Growth curve
b. Measurement of growth c. Direct microscopic count – Breed’s count ,Petroff –
Haussercounting chamber - Haemocytometer.
d. Viable count – Spread plate and Pour plate technique
e. Measurements of cell constituents.
f. Turbidity measurements – Nep helometer and
spectrophotometer techniques
g. Synchronous growth, Continuous growth (Chemostat
and Turbidostat)
h. Influence of environmental factors on growth. i. Microbial growth in natural environment.
j. Counting viable non -culturable organisms -Quoru m
sensing techniques 15 lectures. 15
USMB -202
Theory EXPLORING MICROBIOLOGY. 2 Credits
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I Microbial Interactions : 15 lectures. 15
1.1 Types of Microbial Interactions :Mutulism,
Cooperation, Commensalisms, Predation Parasitism, Amensalism, Competition
1.2 Human Microbe Interactions .
a) Normal flora of the human body : Skin, Nose &
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Respiratory tract, Eye,
External ear, Mouth, Stomach, Small intestine, Large
intestine, Genitourinary tract .
b) Relationship between microbiota& the host .
c) Gnotobiotic animals
1.3 Microbial associations with vascular plants
a) Phyllosphere
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b) Rhizosphere & Rhizoplane
c) Mycorrhizae
d) Nitrogen fixation : Rhizobia, Actinorhizae,
Stem Nodulating R hizobia
e) Fungal & Bacterial endophytes
f) Agrobacterium & other plant pathogens
Unit -II Microbes & Human Health : 15 lectures. 15
2.1 Difference between infection & disease.
Important terminology: Primary infection, secondary
infection .Contagious infection, occupational disorder,
clinical infection,subclinical infection, Zoonoses,genetic
disorder, vector borneinfection.
2.2 Factors affecting infection:
Microbial factors: adherence, invasion, role of virulence
factors in invasion, colonization & its effects.
Host factors: natural resistance, species resistance, racial
resistance.
2.3 Individual resistance: Factors influencing individual
resistance: Age, nutrition, personal hygiene, stress,
hormones, Addiction to drugs/ alcohol. Interaction between
Microbes & host is dynamic.
2.4 Host defense against infection: Overview
i) First line of Defe nce: for skin, respiratory tract,
gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, eyes.
ii) Second line of defence : Biological barriers:
Phagocytosis,Inflammation
iii) Third line of defence : Brief introduction to antibody
mediated & cell mediated immunity.
Unit -III







Advan ce Techniques In Microbiology &
Instrumentation: 15 lectures. 15
3.1Electron Microscope: TEM,SEM,
3.2Contrast enhancement for electron microscope
3.3Fluorescent Microscope , Confocal Microscope
3.4pH meter ,pH meter Validation and calibration
3.5Colorimeter
3.6Val idation and calibration of Autoclave & Hot air Oven
3.7Concepts :Laminar air flow systems, Biosafety cabinets
, Walk in Incubators, Industrial autoclaves ,Cold Room.
USMBP -2 PRACTICALS 2 Credits
SECTION -1
BASICS OFMICROBIOLOGY. 1 Credit
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I 1. Spot assay and plaq ue assay of Bacteriophage
(Demonstration)
2. Slide Culture technique (Actinomycetes & Fungal
Culture)

Unit -II
3.Isolation of yeast, cultivation of other fungi
Cultivation on Sabourauds agar
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4. Static & Shaker Cultures
5. Fungal Wet mounts & Study of Morphological
Characteristics :Mucor,Rhizopus,Aspergillus,
Penicillium,
6. Permanent slides of Algae, P rotozo a
Unit -III 7. Growth curve (Demonstration) only in complex media.
8.Breed’s Count
9.Haemocytometer
10.Viable count: Spread plate and pour plate
11.Brown’s opacity
12.Effect of pH an d temperature on growth
13.Measurement of cell dimensions -Micrometry

SECTION -2
EXPLORING MICROBIOLOGY. 1 Credit
(45 lectures) Self Study
(45)
Unit -I 1. Normal flora of the Skin & Saliva
2. Wet Mount of Lichen
3. Bacteroid Staining & Isolation of Rhizobium
4. Azotobacter isolation & staining

Unit -II 6.Study of virulence factors – Enzyme Coagulase
7.Study of virulence factors – Enzyme Hemolysin
8.Study of virulence factors – Enzyme Lecithinase
Unit -III 9.Use of standard buffers for calibration and determination
of pH of a given solution
10.Determination of ℷ Rmax & Verification of Beer
Lambert’s law
11.Determination & efficiency of Autoclave, Hot air oven
, LAF
12.Writing of SOP’s for Instruments
13.Visit to a Microbiology laboratory in a research
Institute

REFERENCES : USMB 101 & USMB 201
1. Prescott ,Hurley.Klein -Microbiology, 7th edition, International edition ,
McGraw Hill.
2. Kathleen Park Talaro& Arthur Talaro - Foundations in Microbiology International
edition 2002 ,| McGraw Hill.
3. Michael T.Madigan & J.M.Martin,Brock ,Biology of Microorganisms 12th Ed.
Internationaledition 2006 , Pearson Prentice Hall.
4. A.J.Salle,Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology.
5. Stanier.Ingraham et al ,General Microbiology 4th & 5th Ed. 1987, Macmillan Education
Ltd
6. Microbiology TMH 5th Edition by Michael J.Pelczar Jr., E.C.S. Chan ,Noel R. Krieg
7. BIS:12035.1986: Code of Safety in Microbiological Laboratories
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8. Outlines of Biochemistry 5/E, Conn P. Stumpf, G. Bruening and R. Doi. John Wiley &
Sons. New York 1995
9. Lehninger. Principles of Biochemistry. 4th Edition. D. Nelson and M. Cox. W.H. Freeman and Company. New York 2005
10. Microbiology An Introduction. 6 th Editio n. Tortora, Funke and Case. A disson Wesley
Longman Inc. 1998.

REFERENCES: USMB 102& USMB 202
1. Microbiology TMH 5th Edition by Michael J.Pelczar Jr., E.C.S. Chan ,Noel R. Krieg
2. A.J.Salle, Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology ,McGraw Hill Book Company
Inc.1984
3. Cruikshank, Medical Microbiology , Vol -II
4. Prescott ,Hurley.Klein -Microbiology, 5th & 6th edition, International edition 2002 &
2006, McGraw Hill.
5. Michael T.Madigan & J.M.Martin,Brock ,Biology of Microorganisms 11th Ed.
International edition ,2006, Pearson Prentice Hall.

MODALITY OF ASSESSMENT
Theory Examination Pattern:

(A) Semester End Theory Assessment - 100 M arks
i. Duration - These examinations shall be of 3 H ours duration.
ii. Theory question paper pattern : -
1. There shall b e four questions. On each unit the re will be one question with 25 Marks
each & fourth one will be based on all the three units with 25 Marks.
2. All questions shall be compulsory with internal ch oice within the questions. Q uestion 1
(Unit- I),Question 2 (Unit -II) & Question 3 (Unit- III) & Question 4 (combined units)
will be of 50 Marks with internal options.
3. All Questions may be sub divi ded into sub questions of five marks objective questions
and twenty marks of short or long questions of 5 to 10 marks each. Please ensure that
the allocation of marks depends on the weightage of the topic

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PATTERN
(B) External (Semester end practical examination) : - 50 Mark s Per Section
(Section -I based on course- 1 & Section -II based on course- 2)

Sr.No. Particulars Marks Total
1. Laboratory work (Section -I + Section -II) 40 + 40 = 80
2. Journal 05 +05 = 10
3. Viva 05 + 05 = 10



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PRACTICAL BOOK/JOURNAL
Semester I:
The students are required to present a duly certified journal for appearing at the
practical examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate shou ld be obtaine d
from Head / Co-ordinator / Incharge of the department ; failing which the
student will not be allowed to appear for the practical examination.

Semester II
The students are required to present a duly certified journal for appearing at the practical examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear for the examination.

In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate should be obtai ned
from Head / Co-ordinator / Incharge of the department ; failing which the
student will not be allowed to appear for the practical examination.

Overall Examination and Marks Distribution Pattern

Semester I

Course USMB -
101 USMB -
102 Grand
Total
Theory 100 100 200
Practical s 50 50 100

Semester I I

Course USMB -
201 USMB -
202 Grand
Total
Theory 100 100 200
Practical s 50 50 100

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