AAMSUGSICC90202223 1 Syllabus Mumbai University

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AC – 17/05/2022
Item No. – 8.12 (N)

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI









Syllabus for M.A. (Hindu Studies)
Sem I and II
(Choice Based Credit System)







(Introduced w ith effect from the academic year 2022 -23)

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UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI



Syllabus for Approval
Signature of BOS Chairperson :
Sr. No. Heading Particulars
1 Title of the Course
O.6805 M.A. (Hindu Studies)



2 Eligibility for Admission
O. 6806



Any student who has a three or four years
Bachelor’s degree will be eligible for it. Thus,
students with bachelor’s degree in Science,
Engineering and medicine are also eligible to
pursue this program.


3 Passing Marks 40%

4 Ordinances / Regulations
( if any) -
5 No. of Years / Semesters Sem I and II


6 Level P.G. / U.G./ Diploma / Certificate
7 Pattern Yearly / Semester
8 Status New / Revised
9 To be implemented from
Academic Year From Academic Year 2022 -2023

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Signature of Dean:

MA (HINDU STUDIES)
Preamble
There has always been a need for expertise in “Hindu Studies”. Such need will
only grow with time, because of India‟s rapid emergence as an economic, military,
technological, and cultural power on the global stage, and the consequential
heightened interest in Hindus and their civilization. Unfortunately, no Indian
university offers such a program. A MA program in Hindu Studies fills this
important gap.
What Will the Student Learn?
A student with a MA degree in Hindu Studies shall:
1. Develop a good under standing of foundational principles underlying Hindu
civilization, society, and culture. These principles provide a basis through which
Hindus, despite the endless diversity present amongst them, can relate to each
other.
2. Develop a good understanding of analytical methods through which knowledge,
is analyzed and processed. These methods fall in two categories:
a. Methods as laid out in Hindu darshans: Study of these methods is
important as it will help the student unde rstand Hindu conceptions of the
individual, family, relationships, society, state, environment, and the entire
cosmos. Further, such methods will also help her understand other societies,
states, and civilizations through Bhartiya lenses.
b. Methods as dev eloped in the West: The principal methods amongst these
are biographical, new -historicism, formalism, psychological (both Freudian
and Jungian approaches), feminist, Marxist (and Critical theory) and post -
colonial theory.
3. Develop a good understanding o f Sanskrit, as it is in Sanskrit that an
overwhelmingly large number of Hindu texts, both spiritual as well as secular,
have been written. The program will empower the student to have working
proficiency in Sanskrit

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4. Develop a very good understanding of Hindu practices (related to the individual,
family, society, and the state), and how these practices (past, as well as present) are
manifestations of core Hindu foundational principles.
5. Shall acquire some expertise through electives in one or more of following
areas of knowledge: history, economics, law, society, culture, politics, education,
arts, ethics, literature, military, comparative religion, linguistics, and natural
sciences. Such an understanding will help the student contextualize her
underst anding of “Hindu” in the present.
O.6805 Title of the course –
M.A. ( Hindu Studies)
O.6806 Eligibility -
Any student who has a three - or four -year‟s bachelor‟s degree will be eligible for
it. Thus, students with bachelor‟s degrees in sciences, engineeri ng, and medicine
are also eligible to pursue this program.
R. 9567 Standard of Passing: 40%

R. 9568 Scheme of Examination -
All students shall be expected to take for a total of 16 courses in a span of 4
semesters. Eight papers shall be core courses which will be compulsory for
Semester I and Semester II. Semester III will have five baskets each having
minimum 2 electives in i t. Students should take up one elective from each basket.
In Semester IV students should take up one Ability enhancement course and one
interdisciplinary course. They need to present one dissertation.
Each course will have 6 credits with theory of 4 c redits i.e. 60 marks and internal
examination of 2 credits i.e. 40 marks. The dissertation with be of 10 credits i.e.
100 marks. For the Masters‟ Degree program in Hindu studies, students will have
to undergo a course work of 100 credits spread over two academic years and four
semesters.
Fee Structure : 10,000/ -
R. 9569 Intake : 60
Total Credits : 100

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Programme Outcomes -

PO1. Critical thinking: Understand, analyse and explain the nuances expressed
through language and literature. Develop newer ideas on the intellectual,
organizational and personal level with different perspectives
PO2. Effective Communication: Speak, read, write and listen clearly in person and
through electronic media in English and other languages and make meaning of the
world by connecting people, ideas, books, media and technology.
PO3. Social interaction: Elicit views of others, conduct meaningful discussions,
mediate disagreements and hel p reach conclusions in group settings.
PO4. Effective citizenship: Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity
centred national development and the ability to act with an informed awareness of
issues and participate in civic life through volunteering.
PO5: Ethics: Recognize different value systems including one‟s own, understand
the moral dimensions of one‟s decisions and accept responsibility for them
PO6: Environment and sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental
contexts and sustainabl e development
PO7: Self -directed and lifelong learning: Acquire the ability to engage in
independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context socio -technological
changes.
PO8: Development of emotional quotient: Be empowered to create an emotionally
sensitive approach regarding social, cultural, political and environmental issues of
the society

Programme Specific Outcomes for MA Degree Programme in Hindu Studies:
PSO1: Understand and appreciate salient features of Hindu dharma
PSO2: Analyze and cri tically comment on works adhering to the principles of
Hindu dharma

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PSO3: Understand, analyze and appreciate works on Hindu dharma in Sanskrit
PSO4: Understand Hindu Philosophy and its relevance in the present scenario


CHOICE -BASED CREDIT SYSTEM SYLLABUS AND PAPER
PATTERN FOR MA [HINDU STUDIES] - PART - I
TO BE IMPLEMENTED FROM ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 -23

SEMESTER I AND II : 4 CORE PAPERS OF 100 MARKS EACH. [60+40].
SEMESTER END ASSESSMENT
● EXAMINATION PAPER 60 MARKS (4 CREDITS)
● INTERNAL ASSESMENT 40 MARKS (2 CREDITS)


INTERNAL ASSESSMENT [BASED ON THE SYLLABUS]
1. ASSIGNMENT=10 MARKS
2. CLASS TESTS=10 MARKS
3. PRESENTATION/REPORT WRITING=10 MARKS
4. OVERALL ASSESSMENT [ATTENDANCE+CONDUCT] =10 MARKS

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Semester I
Course No. 1
Nomenclature: Introduction to Sanskrit
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: Sanskrit is the hallmark of Hindu Philosophy. Philosophical works like
the Upanishads, Bhagavadgita and Six Da rshanas are enshrined in Sanskrit.
Without knowledge of Sanskrit, the understanding of Hindu Philosophical texts is
incomplete. Therefore, it is essential for the student of Hindu Philosophy to learn
Sanskrit.
Aim:
a) To study and understand simple Sansk rit passages and poetry
b) To appreciate literary works in Sanskrit
Objectives:
a) To be able to write and recognize verbs, nouns and pronouns
b) To understand the syntax of Sanskrit
c) To be introduced to great Sanskrit writers and poets
Course Outcomes:
a) Studen t can understand and appreciate simple passages and poetry in
Sanskrit
b) Student will get the ability to express his/her thoughts in simple Sanskrit
c) Student will appreciate the contribution of great Sanskrit poets

Course Structure:
Unit 1: 15 Marks Credit 1
a) Grammar Topics: Verbs (Conjugation 1,4,6,10)
b) Participles: Present and Past Active and Passive participles
c) Gerunds

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d) Nouns Vowel ending (M/F/N) Syntax
e) Pronouns
f) Sandhi and Samasa
Unit 2: 15 Marks Credit 1
a) Introduction to Sanskrit L iterature (Prose): Story literature, Prose works like
the Kadambari and Harshacharit by Banabhatta
Unit 3: 15 Marks Credit 1
a) Simple essays, Short stories, Dialogues
b) Subhashitas, Selected shloks from the Bhagavadgita
Unit 4: 15 Marks Credit 1
a) Introduct ion to Sanskrit Literature (Poetry): Mahakavya and Khandakavya
b) Subhashitas, Stotra literature
Assignment:
a) Essay writing of minimum 150 words in Simple Sanskrit
b) Appreciation of 5 subhashitas
Paper Pattern:
Q1: Objective questions on Sanskrit Grammar Marks 15
Q2: Essay type questions (any one out of two) OR Marks 15
Short notes (any three out of four)
Q3 i) Dialogue writing/Story writing (any one out of two) Marks 10
ii) Translate any two subhashitas/shloks from Bhagavadgita Marks 5
Q4: Essay type questions (any one out of two) OR Marks 15
Short notes (any three out of four)

Bibliography:
1. A Higher Sanskrit Grammar : M. R. Kale, Dhawal e
Prakashan, Mumbai

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2. Saral Sanskrit Balbodh: J.K. Dave, BVB Publications,
Mumbai
3. First Book of Sanskrit: R. G. Bhandarkar, MLBD,
Delhi
4. Sanskrit -Swayam -Shikshak (Marathi), Pt. Satawlekar,
Swadhyaya Mandal, Pardi
5. History of Indian Literature, Maurice Winternitz,
MLBD, Delhi
6. Abhijat Sankrit Sahityacha Itihas, Rtaayan, Mumbai
7. Sanskrit Sahitya ka Itihas, Baldev Upadhyaya,
Chowkhamba, Varanasi
Kavikulaguru -Kalidas - Sanskrit -Vishwavidyalaya Series,
Chief Editor, Prof Pankaj Chande

1. Rajvaryah
2. Prasiddha Vaijnyanikah
3. Devmanavah
4. Chirajjivinah
5. Vishishta Mahila
*****

Semester: I
Course No: 2
Nomenclature: Vedas and the Upanishads
Preamble: The Vedas are the hallmark of Hindu dharma. Also known as Shruti,
they are the storehouses of eternal knowledge. They are authoritative in nature.
Hindu Philosophy believes that each word of the Vedas is the Ultimate truth. The
Upanishads are the culmination point of Vedic literature. They discuss about the
nature of the world, soul, God, creation, sustenance and dissolution, liberation etc.
The basis of Hindu philosophy lies in the Upanishads.
Aim:
i) To introduce the student to Vedic and Upanishadic literature
ii) To acquaint the student to the basis of Hindu Philosophy
iii) To facilitate the student to understand fundamentals of Hindu Philosophy

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Objectives:
i) To enable the student to read and understand some Vedic hymns and
Upanishadic literature
ii) To understand the salient features of Hindu Philosophy
iii) To introduce the student to various commentaries on the Vedas and
Upanishads
Course outcome:
i) The student wi ll be able to read and understand simple Upanishadic
passage
ii) The student will be empowered to trace and appreciate the roots of Hindu
Philosophy
iii) The student will understand the relevance of Vedic and Upanishadic
Philosophy in a contemporary framework

Unit I
Concepts: Etymology of the term „Veda‟. Origin of the Vedas, Evolution of deities
eg. Indra, Varuna, Rudra, Agni, Soma, Ushas, Creation hymns, Secular hymns
from the Rigveda, Sivasankalpa sukta, Bhadra Sukta from Shuklayajurveda,
Atharvaveda: Kanda IV (Introducing the student to commentaries on the Vedas)
Unit II
A. Distinction between Vedas and Upanishads, Introduction to Principal
Upanishads , Introduction to Prasthana -trayi and Mahavakyas
B. Isavasyopanishad: spiritual path of renunciation, meditation and action ( with
Shankarabhashya)

Unit III - The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad:
A. Creation of the universe, the notion of Supreme R eality, Atman, Brahman,
Mukti, King Janaka and Yajnavalka on the nature of „Self‟
B. Upanishads and contemporary commentators
C. Significance of minor Upanishads

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Unit IV - The Katha Upanishad
A. The dialogue between Nachiketa and Vajasravasa - Its philosophical
significance, nature of the Atman
B. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad: Metaphysical questions about first causes,
Supreme Deity as Rudra and Shiva, Distinction between individual, matter
and the Deity
Paper pattern:
Unit I: One Essay type question or Two short notes : Marks 15
Unit 2: One Essay type question or Two short notes: Marks 15
Unit 3: One Essay type quest ion or Two short notes: Marks 15
Unit 4: One Essay type questi on or Two short notes: Marks 15
Bibliography:
 Brihadaranyaka Upanisad with the commentary of Madhvacharya,
Translated by Rai Bahadur Sriśa Chandra Vasu (1933)
 Chatterjea, Tara. Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy . Oxford:
Lexington Books
 Chinmayananda, . (1956). Discourses on Isavasyopanishad . New Delhi:
Sheila Puri.
 Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through th e ages .
Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
Government of India
 Joshi, Kireet (1994), The Veda and Indian culture: an introductory essay
 Madhava Acharya, The Commentar y of Sri Madhva on Isha and Kena
Upanishad ,
 Monier -Williams (1976), A Sanskrit -English Dictionary
 Paul Deussen , The Philosophy of the Upanishads , Motilal Banarsidass
(2011 Edition),
 Parmananda, Swami (2004). "Katha Upanishad ". The Upanishads . 1st
World Publishing.
 Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli (1953). The Principal Upanishads . New Delhi:
HarperCollins Publishers India (Reprinted in 1994)
 Ranade, R. D. (1926), A constructive survey of Upanishadic philosophy,
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
 Sarvananda, Swami (1987). Kathopanisad (14th ed.). Madras, India: Sri
Ramakrishna Math.

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 Sen, Sris Chandra (193 7), "Vedic literature and Upanishads", The Mystic
Philosophy of the Upanishads , General Printers & Publisher
 Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and
Philosophy, Columbia University Press
 Swami Madhavananda. The Brhadaranyaka Upanisad with commentary of
Sankaracarya
 . Philosophy of Upanishads Paul Deussen, Motilal Banarasidas.
 Indian Philosophy, Dr S Radhakrishnan, George Allen & Co., 1951,
 Principal Upanishads, George Allen & Co., 1951,
 Upani ṣads. Oxford World's Classics . Translated by Patrick Olivelle . Oxford
University Press .
 Sharma, Chandradhar (1994). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy .
Motilal Banarsidas
 D Sharma, Class ical Indian Philosophy: A Reader, Columbia University
Press
 Patrick Olivelle (1998). The Early Upani ṣads. South Asia Research (in English
and Sanskrit). Oxford University Press ..
 PT Raju (2006), Idealistic Thought of India, Routledge
 Mark Juergensmeyer et al. (2011), Encyclopedia of Global Religion, SAGE
Publications
 Ayyangar, T. R. Srinivasa (1941). The Samanya -Vedanta Upanishads. Jain
Publishing (Reprint 2007).
 A. Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and
Theology
Semester I
Course No. 3
Nomenclature: Introduction to the Puranas
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: The Puranas are store house of Hindu Philosophy and Religion. They
are custodians of Hindu culture, discussing about rise and decline of godheads,
vratas, tirthas, rituals, medicine, aesthetics, art and architecture etc. They throw
light on the concepts of creation, sustenance and dissolution of the universe. They

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enlist dynasties of kings, families of gods and sages too. We see the origin of
bhakti tradition in the Puranas with stories, mahatmyas and stotras eulogizing
different gods.
Aim: To study and understand the subject matter of the Puranas and understand the
vast and all -pervasive nature of the Puranas
Objectives:
i) To understand the inter -relationship between Vedas and Puranas
ii) To analyse the nature and development of Vratas, Mahatmyas and
Tirthas
iii) To understand Indian Philosophy enshrined in the Puranas
Course outcome:
i) The student gets an overview of H indu Philosophy through the study of
Puranas
ii) The student will be enabled to analyze and understand the all - pervasive
nature of Hindu dharma
Course contents:
Unit I: Structure and contents of Puranas (Pancha -lakshanas)
Marks 15 Credit 1
Unit II: Sthalapuranas and Mahatmya texts
Marks 15 Credit 1
Unit III: Philosophy of Vaishnavas and Shaivas as seen in the Puranas
Marks 15 Credit 1
Unit IV: Development of bhakti in the Puranas
Marks 15 Credit 1
Internal assignment in the form of paper presentation 2 credits 40 marks
Paper pattern:
Unit I: One Essay ty pe question or Two short notes : Marks 15
Unit 2: One Essay type question or Two short notes: Marks 15
Unit 3: One Essay type question or Two short notes: Marks 15

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Unit 4: One Essay type question or Two short notes: Marks 15

Bibliography:
Primary Sour ces

1. Agnimahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Third Edition 2004 (1985)
2. Bhāgavatamahāpurā ṇam, Gita Press Gorakhpur, Eighth Reprint, (Sam
2067) (2000)
3. Bhavi ṣyamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Fourth Edition, Delhi, 2012 (1984)
4. Brahmamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Third Reprint, Delhi, 2007, (1985)
5. Brahmā ṇḍamahāpurā ṇam, Ed. Dr. K. V. Sharma, Krishnadas Academy,
Varanasi. Reprint 2000. (Edition and year of First publication not
mentioned.)
6. Brahmavaivartamahāpurā ṇam, Ed. By Vasudevshastri Marathe,
Anandashrama Sansk rit series, Pune, 1935
7. Garu ḍamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Fifth Edition 2012 (1984)
8. Kūrmamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Third Edition 2002 (1983)
9. Liṅgamahāpurā ṇam, (Vol. I -II) Tr. Shantilal Nagar, Parimal Sanskrit Series
No. 114, Pa rimal Publications, First Edition, Delhi, 2011
10. Mārka ḍeyamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Third Edition, 2008
(1983)
11. Matsyamahāpurā ṇam, Gita Press Publication, Gorakhpur, Fourth Reprint,
2000
12. Nāradamahāpurā ṇm, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Fourth Edition. 200 9 (1984)
13. Padmamahāpura ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi,
Volume I – Fourth Edition 2008 (1984)
Volume II -IV – Fourth Edition 2009 (1984)
14. Śivamahāpurā ṇam (Vol. 1 - II), Nag Publishers, Delhi, Third Edition 2004
15. Skandamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi,
Volume I -IV – Fifth Edition 2012 (1986)
Volume V – Fourth Edition 2011 (1986)
Volume VI -VII – Third Reprint 2006 (1986)
16. Vāmanamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi , Third Edition 2002 (1983)
17. Varahamahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Delhi, First Edition 2010
18. Vāyumahāpurā ṇam, Nag Publishers, Third Edition, Delhi, 2004
19. Viṣṇumahāpurā ṇam, Trans. Shri Munilal Gupta, Gita Press, Fourty -seventh
Reprint, Gorakhpur, 2015

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Translations

1. Agnipurā ṇa (Vol. 27 -30) Tr. and ann. by Gangadharan, AITM, MLBD,
Delhi, 1986
2. Brahmapurā ṇa (Vol. 33 -36) Tr. and ann. by Board of Scholars, AITM,
MLBD, Delhi, 1985
3. Brahmavaivaratapurā ṇa (Vol. 22 -25) Tr. and ann. by Tagare G.V., AITM,
MLBD, Delhi, 1984
4. Garu ḍapurā ṇa (Vol. 12 -14), Tr. and ann. by Shastri J. L. AITM, MLBD,
Delhi, 1978
5. Kūrmapurā ṇa (Vol. 20 -21) Tr. and ann. by Tagare G.V., AITM, MLBD,
Delhi, 1981
6. Liṅgapurā ṇa (Vol. 5 -6), Tr. and ann. by Board of Scholars, AITM, MLBD,
Delhi, 1973
7. Mārka ṇḍeyapurā ṇa, Tr. and ann. by Pargiter, Baptist Mission, Press, Asiatic
Society , Kolkatta, 1904
8. Nāradapurā ṇa, (Vol. 15 -19) Tr. and ann. by Sha stri J.L., AITM, MLBD,
Delhi, 1980
9. Śivapurā ṇa, (Vol. 1 -4) Tr. and ann. by Board of Scholars, AITM, MLBD,
Reprint, Delhi, 2005/2008 (1969 -1970)
10. Skandapurā ṇa, (Vol. 49 -56), Tr. and ann. by Board of Scholars, AITM,
MLBD, 1995
11. Vāyupurā ṇa, (Vol. 37 -38), Ed. Tagare, Dr G. V. and Bhatt, Dr G. P., AITM,
MLBD, First Edition, Reprint, Delhi, 2003 -2005 (1987 -1988)

Secondary Sources (English)

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special reference to the Skandapurā ṇa, MLBD, Delhi, 2004
14. Bakre, A.B., Religion in Social Flux, Eastern Book Linkers, New Delhi,
1998
15. Banerjee, S.C., Studies in Mahāpurā ṇas, Punthi Pra kashan, Kolkata, 1991
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Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2001 (1913)

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19. Bhattacharya, Tarapad, The Cult of Brahma , Bhattacharya, C., Pub., Patna,
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25. Chakrabarti, Kunal, Religious Process The Purā ṇas and the Making of a
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Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi
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38. Eck, Diana L., Banaras : City of Lights , Princeton University Press,
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Delhi, 1989.
45. Hazra, R. C., Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs ,
MLBD, Delhi, Reprint (1987) (Second Edition 1975) (1940 Dacca)
46. Herskovitis, M.J., Acculturation: The study of Cultural Contact, J.J. Augstin
Publisher, New York, 1938.
47. Hiltebeit el, Alf, (Ed.), Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees , State University
of New York Press, First Edition, New York, 1989
48. Hopkins, E. W., Epic Mythology , MLBD, Delhi, 1986 (Strassburg, 1915)
49. Kane, P.V., History of Dharmashastra , Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute, Pune 1974
50. Karve, Iravati, Hindu Society –An Interpretation , Deccan College, Pune,
1961.
51. Kosambi, D.D., Myth and Reality , Popular Prakashana, Mumbai, 1962.
52. Kosambi, D.D., The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in Historical
Outline, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1976
53. Kramrisch, Stella, The Presence of Śiva , Princeton University Press,
Princeton, 1981.
54. Lorenzen, D. N., The Kāpālikas and Kālamukhas , University of California
Press, Berkeley, 1972.
55. Mahajan, V.D., Ancient India , S. Chand an d Co., Delhi, 1990
56. Mahulikar, G.P., Vedic Elements in Puranic Mantras and Ritual s, Nag
Publishers, Delhi, 2000
57. Maity, Pradyot Kumar, Human Fertility Cults & Rituals of Bengal: A
Comparative Study , Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1989

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58. Malik, Aditya, Feldha us, Anne, Brückner, Heidrun, Ed., In the company of
Gods - Essays in Memory of Günther - Dietz Sontheimer , Manohar
Publishers and Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, First Edition,
New Delhi, 2005
59. Marglin, Frédérique A., Wives of the God -King. The r ituals of the Devadasis
of Puri , Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1985.
60. Mishra, Rabiprasad, Theory of Incarnation, Pratibha Prakashan, First
Edition, Delhi, 2000
61. Mujumdar, R. C., Ancient India, Motilal Banarasidas Publications, New
Delhi, 2007 (1952)
62. Nath, Vijay, Purā ṇas and Acculturation A Historico - Anthropological
Perspective, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2001.
63. Nath, Vijay, The Puranic World, Manohar Publishers and Distributors,
Delhi, 2009
64. O‟Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of
Śiva, Oxford University Press, London, 1973
65. O‟Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, Origins of Evil , University of California Press,
Berkeley, 1976
66. Paniker, K. Ayyappa, Indian Narratology , Indira Gandhi National Centre
For the Arts and Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd., First Edition, New Delhi, 2003
67. Pargiter, F. E., Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, Motilal Banarasidas
Publications, New Delhi, 1997 (1922)
68. Rajendran, C., Narratology: Indian Perspec tives, New Bharatiya Book
Corporation, Delhi
69. Rao, T. A. Gopinath, Elements of Hindu Iconography, Vol. I, Part I, MLBD,
Delhi, 1997 (Madras, 1914)
70. Rocher, L., The Purā ṇas,(History of Indian Literature, Vol. III, Fasc.3),
Ed.by J. Gonda, Wiesbaden, Harrassow itz, 1986
71. Sanyal, R. N., Ramayana: A Critical Appraisal , D. K. Printworld, New
Delhi

Semester I
Paper No. 4
Nomenclature: Tattva Vimarsha
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: A deep study of Hindu dharma indicates that there are certain principles
(tattva) adhered by it. These principles form the very edifice of Hindu dharma

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which creates a strong philosophical base for its practitioners. In spite of social,
cultural and philosophical diversity, these principles entwine interconnectedness
between the practitioners.
Aim:
i. To introduce the students the basic principles of Hindu dharma
ii. To generate interest regarding the ontological framework of Hindu
dharma
Object ives:
i. To study the principles of Hindu dharma in depth
ii. To compare the principles of Hindu dharma with those of other systems
of Philosophy and other faiths
Course Outcomes:
i. Students will be enabled to undertake and deep study of Hindu principles
ii. Studen ts will understand and appreciate diverse principles of Hindu
dharma within a strict academic perspective
iii. Students will be tolerant to diverse and conflicting principles and will
learn to co -exist with them
Course structure:
Unit 1 :Marks 15 Credit -1
i. Bharatiya Jnana Parampara (ashtaa -dash vidya) and its Acharyas
ii. The nature of padaartha /tattva(time&space), pancha -mahabhoot in all
Bharatiya traditions
iii. The concept of Atman and similarities in Atmatattva across traditions
Unit 2 : Marks 15 Credit -1
Parallel sovereignty principles (Defining self)
i. Self-definitions: Atharva -shirsha/Vaak Sukta& Krishna (Indro -
mayabhiprurupiyate)
ii. Ardha -naareeshwara from Kashmir -Shaiv darshan, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(1.4.3)

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iii. Shakti and Prakriti principles and relationship with stree and devis
iv. Soundarya -Lahari
v. Similarities of position of feminine principle in Jain, Bauddha and Sikh
traditions
Unit 3 : Marks 15 Credits: 1
i. The principle of Oneness in Vaidik traditio ns as the basis of sweekaryata of
opposites
ii. Principle of interconnectedness in Jain, Bauddha, Sikh, Nyaya&Vaisheshik
traditions
iii. Infinite knowledge and emergence of humility: (NaasdiyaSukta, Buddhist -
Sikh-Jain texts)
iv. Influence on vocabulary : Multiple terms for same entity (e.g.Vishnu, Buddha,
sun & love)
v. Linkages between interconnectedness, oneness, interdependence, and
acceptance
vi. Acceptance of reason, not intolerance/violence/terrorism: (Vaidik/Jain
e.g.Jinadutta Suri), Sikh posit ion)
Unit 4: Marks 15 Credits: 1
i. The taatvik position on varna: Purush -sukta and Brihadaranyak Upanishad :
a) The principle of Oneness as the foundation for universal equality, and respect
b) How varna, jaati and caste relate to entirely different i deas.

Question Paper Pattern:
i. Essay type question ( one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
ii. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
iii. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15

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iv. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
Bibliography:
1. A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy, Prof. R. D. Ranade,
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
2. History of Dharmashastra (Vols I -V), Mm. P. V. Kane, Bhandarkar
Oriental Research Institute, Pune
3. History of Indian Philosophy (Vol I & II) S. Radhakrishnan, OUP
4. Bharatiya Tattvadnyan (Marathi), Shrinivas Dikshit
5. Gita-rahasya, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
6. The Hindu View of Life, S. Radh akrishnan
7. The Complete Works of Swami Vivekanand, Advait Ashram, Vols 1 -9
8. A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Chandradhar Sharma, MLBD,
1994

Semester II
Paper No. 5
Nomenclature: Dharma -Karma Vimarsha
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: The term Dharma is understood in the sense of duty, righteousness as
well as action prescribed by scriptures. It is integra ted with the term karma. It is
essential to know how dharma and karma are interlinked with each other. To
achieve dharma one needs to follow karma and to perform karma one needs to
know dharma. Dharma is the purushartha and which is incomplete without k arma.
Aim:
1. To understand the linkages between dharma and karma
2. To understand how dharma and karma form the basis of the Hindu value
system
Objectives

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1. The student will understand the significance of dharma and karma in Hindu
philosophical thoughts
2. The s tudent will be able to synthesis the thoughts on dharma and karma
expressed in the Upanishads, Bhagavadgita and the Brahmasutras
3. The student will be able to analyze as to how Hinduism emphasizes and
integrates dharma and karma for the value based society
Course outcome:
1. The student will understand the subtle nuances of the terms „dharma‟ and
„karma‟.
2. The student will understand and appreciate Hindu societal values
3. The student will different stages of the life and how these stages are
interlinked with dharma and karma
Course structure
Unit 1: 15 marks Credit 1
Meaning, Scope, Relevance and Evolution of the concepts of „dharma -karma‟ .
Concept of Dharma and Karma in the Upanishads, Bhagavadgita, Purvamimamsa
and Smritis. Pravrtti -moolak and Nivrt timoolak karmans for abhyuday and
nihsreyas. Six categories of karmans: kaamya, nitya, nishiddha, naimittika,
prayaschitta and upasana. Inter -relationship with karma and sanskar
Unit 2: 15 marks Credit 1
i. Brahmasutras and the concepts of „dharma‟ and „ka rma‟
ii. Dharma as the organizing principle at all levels in Vaidik, Jain, Bauddha
and Sikh traditions -a) Ashram dharma b) Aachaar, vyavahaar,
prayaschitta, and related jurisprudence c) Rajadharma

Unit 3: 15 marks Credit 1
i. Dharma and Karma in colonial India and post -colonial India: Views of
Lokamanya Tilak and Swami Vivekanand on Dharma and Karma
ii. Primacy of dharma over belief and worship practices a) Definitions of
who is a true Vaishnava, Shaiva, Sikh, Bauddha, Jaina

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Unit 4: 15 marks Credit 1
Contempora ry relevance of „dharma and karma‟ towards a value -based society.
Karma and sanskar
Assignment: Power point presentation on Dharma and Karma and the modern
Hindu Society
Question Paper Pattern:
1. Essay type question ( one out of two) or Short notes (thre e out of four)
Marks 15
2. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
3. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
4. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
Bibliography
1. A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy, Prof. R. D. Ranade,
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
2. History of Dharmashastra (Vols I -V), Mm. P. V. Kane, Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute, Pune
3. Vedanta, Prof. V. S. Ghate, B handarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune
4. Purvamimamsa, Mm. Ganganatha Jha, MLBD, Delhi
5. Gita-rahasya, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
6. The Hindu View of Life, S. Radhakrishnan
7. The Complete Works of Swami Vivekanand, Advait Ashram, Vols 1 -9

Semester II
Pape r No. 6
Nomenclature: Pramana Siddhanta
Credits: 4 Marks: 60

Page 26

Preamble: What is „knowledge‟? What is the Hindu approach towards
„knowledge‟? What are the m odes of proof to understand „knowledge‟? To
answer these questions one needs to understand the concept of „Pramanas‟ or
Epistemology.
Aims:
i) To introduce the students to understand the world view according to
Hindu dharma
ii) To enable the students to und erstand the modes of proof i.e. pramanas
according to Hindu dharma
Objectives:
i) To enable the students to understand Hindu system of Logic and
Epistemology
ii) To enable students to compare Hindu system of Logic vis -à-vis that of
Bauddha and Jaina
Course out come
i) Students will be empowered to apply Hindu Pramana siddhanta while
understanding contemporary world view
ii) Students will be enabled to understand the strengths of Hindu Pramana
Siddhanta vis -à-vis Greek Logic
Course structure:
Unit 1. Credits 1 Marks 15
The origin and development of pramana Siddhant a according to ancient logicians i)
What is a valid “definition”? a. No overlap b. Uncommonness Applications of
pramana theory a. In empirical sciences such as Ayurveda, and jurisprudence
(Naiyayikaprakriya) b. In metaphysics
Unit 2. Credit 1 Marks 15
Hindu model of analysis of text: Knower, knowable object, process of knowing,
and knowledge, and establishing validity of knowledge (pramanya -vaad)
Unit 3 . Credit 1 Marks 15

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Nature, definition, method, and limits of different types of pramanas: Pratyaksha,
Anumana, Upaman a Nature, definition, method, and limits of different types of
pramanas: Shabda: shabda -shakti, shakti -grahak, and tatparya -gyaan
(intentionality) and contra st with Western analysis
b. Anuplabdhiand Arthappati
Unit 4. Credits 1 Marks 15
Mapping different pramanas into the world of natural sciences and law Pratyaksha
– experimental data Anumana – inference (if a = b, and b = c, the c = a, commonly
used in ma thematics, and natural sciences) Upamana = comparison and analogies
(e.g mathematical models/analogies/equations) Arthaapatti = circumstantial
evidence (used heavily in law) Shabda – testimonies from reliably honest sources
Anupalabdhi – non-perception
Question Paper Pattern:
1. Essay type question ( one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
2. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
3. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
4. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
Bibliography:
1. Six ways of knowing – Dutta,
2. Basic ways of knowing – G. Bhatt (mimamsa -oriented),
3. The methods of knowledge – Sw. Satprakashanda ( Vedanta -oriented),
4. The nyaya theory of knowledge – S.C. Chatterjee,
5. History of Indian logic –Vidyabhushan,
6. TarkaSangraha – Annam -bhatta, Bod as and Athale book (definition)


Semester II

Page 28

Paper No. 7
Nomenclature: Vaad -Parampara and Dialectics
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: Ancient Hindu Knowledge Systems were based on the strong grounds of
argumentation and dialectics. Conflicting thought -proce sses clashed with each
other through debates and discussions and knowledge based on the foundation of
logic triumphed. There was open -ness in accepting the co -existence of
complementary and contradictory thoughts and principles.
Aims:
1. To create awarene ss about open -minded approach in Ancient Hindu
Knowledge Systems
2. To generate tolerance leading to a harmonious co -existence of conflicting
thought -processes
3. To underline the significance of dialogue and debate in knowledge
generation
Objectives:
1. To gen erate an ecosystem of open -mindedness and tolerance
2. To create a mindset for undergoing a dialogue and/or debate in an healthy
atmosphere
Course outcome:
1. The student will be enabled to sustain himself/herself in an atmosphere for
argumentation
2. The studen t will appreciate the process of knowledge -generation and
knowledge -sustenance
Course structure:
Unit I Marks: 15 Credits: 1
1. Vaad -Parampara: The method of Shastrartha
a. Rules for engagement, decision making, follow -up and updati ng
b. The concept o f adhikaran

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2. Katha (nature and types of katha)
a. Vaad (nature and purpose) b. Jalpa (nature and purpose) c. Vitanda(nature and
purpose)
Unit II Marks: 15 Credits: 1
1. Organization of knowledge
a. Sutra (concise statement of a theoretical principle), bhashya (description of
theory), vartik (critique of state d and unstated positions)
b. Vritti (short description of theory), teeka (detailed description in easier style
with elucidations), and tippa ni (explanations related to specific points, terms,
phrases, very much like footnotes)
2. Padaik -vakya, evamvakyaikvakyata
3. Rules for analysing “tatparya” of knowledge – Six-fold process (shad -
vidhitatparyanirnayak ling)
4. Methods for determining the meaning (shruti, ling, vakya, prakaran, sthaan,
samkhya)
Unit III Marks 15 Credits: 1
1. Tantra -yukti: “Research methodology” especially for natural sciences,
technology and medicine: discussion of different steps a. Application to a
contemporary proble m
2. Nyayikaprakriya (sanshay to nirnay)
Unit 4 Marks: 15 Credits: 1
1. Tools to preserve the sounds and meanings of Vedas
a. Vedangas
b. Paath -paddhati

Question Paper Pattern:
1. Essay type question ( one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15

Page 30

2. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
3. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
4. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
Bibliography:
1. Nyayasutras of Gotama, S. C. Vidyabhushan, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi
2. Vāda in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions
in Indian Intellectual Discourses , Radhavallabh Tripathi, D. K. Printworld
3. Debate & Dia logue: The Essentials of Argumentation by Mariusz
Ozminkowski , Createspace Independent Pub
4. In dialogue with Classical Indian Traditions, Brian Black and Chakravarthi
Ram-Prasad, Routledge

Semester II
Paper No. 8
Nomenclature: Western Methods of Understanding Discourses
Credits: 4 Marks: 60
Preamble: The West has a long and continuous tradition of understanding
discourses through dialogue, discussion and debate. These arguments are
conducted in a true spirit of theory and logic. While understand ing the nuances of
knowledge generation and argumentation in the Hindu tradition, it is essential to
understand the Western methods of Philosophy and Logic to have a holistic
approach.
Aim:
1. To develop a comparative study with oriental and occidental Phil osophy
2. To broaden the vision by understanding Western methods of discourse
Objectives:
1. To develop the faculty of critical thinking and comparative approach while
understanding Western theories of Logic and Philosophy

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2. To apply Western theories of Logic a nd Philosophy in understanding
Ancient Hindu Logic and Philosophy
Course outcomes:
1. The student will develop a comparative approach while engaging
himself/herself in understanding Oriental and Occidental theories
2. The student will be enabled to apply West ern theories for Hindu discourses
and also apply Hindu theories for Western discourses
Course structure:
Unit 1 Marks: 15 Credits: 1
i) Traditional Western restrictions on limits of free inquiry
ii) Traditional methods (Historical, biographical, etc.)
iii) Formalism and New Criticism: Importance of form and literariness but not of
author
Unit 2 Marks: 15 Credits: 1
1. Marxism and Critical Theory
a. Role of class and economics as analytical devices
b. Critical Theory - A theory with a purpose: A revie w of its history and the
intention of advancing Leftist thought in Europe
c. Gramsci and “hegemony”
2. Structuralism and Post -Structuralism
a. Saussere, influence of Sanskrit linguistics, and consequential differences (words
have no inherent meanings)
b. Emphasis on objectivity, scientific approach
3. Post-structuralism
a. Derrida and influence of Upanishadic relativism
b. Deconstruction – loss of reference and endless deferral of meaning, reviewer at
liberty to craft meanings

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Unit 3 Marks: 15 Credi ts: 1
1. New Historicism
a. The impossibility of neutral inquiry, and need to make historical value
judgements
b. No distinction between “great” and “popular” literatures: power play and
subversion
c. Strong interest in “non -normative” behaviours: peasa nt revolts, exorcism, cross -
dressing, i.e. the “Other”.
2. Ethnic studies, orientalism, post -modernism, post -colonial criticism, and gender
studies
Unit 4 Marks: 15 Credits: 1
i. Psychological analysis (Jungian, and Freudian)
ii. Cartesian approaches in areas of cognition and science
iii. Going beyond “reductionism”: Role of Indian knowledge system
iv. Analysis of a contemporary text using Indian methods (as explained in Methods
I and II courses, and appropriate Western approaches)

Question Paper Patt ern:
1. Essay type question ( one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
2. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
3. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15
4. Essay type question (one out of two) or Short notes (three out of four)
Marks 15


Reference Materials

Page 33

1. Colonial Discourse and Post -Colonial Theory: A Reader, Williams, Patrick and
Laura Chrisman, Columbia Press, NY
2. History and Historians in t he 19th Century, GP Gooch, London, 1913.
3. The Historian Craft, Marc Block, NY 1953
4. The Creation of Patriarchy, Lerner Gerda, Oxford University Press, 1986.
5. Gender and Politics of History, Joan Scott, Oxford University Press, 1989.
6. White Mytho logies, History and the West, Rubert Young, Routledge, 1990.
7. Studying History, Black Jeremy, and Donald Maxraild, Macmillan, 1997.
8. G -Research Methodology and Historical Investigation, Clark Kitson, 1972,
Cambridge University Press. 9. The Age of Re volution, 1789 -1848, Eric
Hobsbawn
10. Essays in Indian History: towards a Marxist Perception, Irfan Habib
11. Marxist Historiography: A Global Perspective, Editors – Wang and Iggers
12. Marxist History Writing for the 21st Century, Edit. Chris Wickham
13. Marxism and the Methodology of History, Gregor McLennan
14. Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History, Paul Blackledge
15. Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism; Fredric Johnson
16. Postmodernism: A Very Short Introduction, Chri stopher Butler
17. Postmodern Theory: Steven Best
18. The Origins of Postmodernity, Perry Anderson
19. Orientalism, Edward Said
20. Culture and Imperialism, Edward Said
21. Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts; John McKenzie
22. Interrogating Or ientalism: Contextual Approaches and Pedagogical Practices,
Editors: Hoevelerand Cass
23. Orientalism and Modernism, Zhaoming Qian
24. Structuralism and Poststructuralism for Beginners, Donald Parlmer

Page 34

25. Poststructuralism, Catherine Belsey
26. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics; Dreyfus and
Rabinow
27. Structuralism and Since: From Levi Strauss to Derrida; Editor: John Sturrock
28. Genealogies and Speculation: Materialism and Subjectivity since
Structuralism, Suhail Mal ik and Armen Avanessian
29. Architecture and Structuralism: The Ordering of Space, Hertzberger
30. History of Structuralism, Vol. 1: The Rising Sign; 1945 -1966, Dosse
31. Critical Theory to Structuralism; Philosophy, Politics and the Human Sciences,
David Ingram
32. Philosophy: Structuralism for Unity, Visions of Truth for Justice and Success,
Ronnie Lee
*****

Page 35

(Appendix ‘B’)

New ordinances 6805 & 6806 relating to the
M.A.(Hindu Studies)


1. Necessity for starting the course: Hindu dharma is an umbrella which takes under its
fold multiple, diverse and even contradictory views, practices, beliefs, faiths as well as
systems of Philosophy. It is essential to create unity in thought, belief and action to
avoid confusion and contradiction. It is essential to brush aside these lacunae only in an
academic perspective as well as framework. University of Mumbai, being a leading
University in India and Maharashtra, a coursework designed by leading academicians in
the fields of education, Philosophy, languages, religious studies would serve the
purpose.
2. Whether the UGC has recommended the course: Yes. The UGC ha s included Hindu
Studies for NET examination
3. Whether all the courses have commenced from the academic year 2019 -2020 (2022 -
23): Yes, we intend to start the Masters’ Degree Programme in the academic year 2022 -
23.
4. The courses started by the University are self-financed, whether adequate number of
eligible permanent Faculties are available: The fees are as per University rule. The
existing faculty members and qualified visiting faculty will conduct the course
5. To give details regarding the duration of the C ourse and is it possible to compress the
course: The Masters’ Degree Programme in Hindu Studies is a two year (four semesters)
course. MA degree cannot be compressed
6. The intake capacity of each course and no. of admissions given in the current academic
year: The intake capacity is 60 students. No admissions have been given as the course
will commence from the academic year 2022 -23.
7. Opportunities of Employability / Employment available after undertaking these courses:
Students can work as teachers, researchers, religious experts or consultants for film and
media, appear for UPSC and/or MPSC.

Dr. RavikantSangurde
Ad-hoc Board of Studies in Centre for Hindu Philosophical Studies

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